Shareholders' Equity, Stock Plans and Preferred Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2011

Shareholders' Equity, Stock Plans and Preferred Stock [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY, STOCK PLANS AND PREFERRED STOCK

8. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY, STOCK PLANS AND PREFERRED STOCK

Shareholders’ Rights Plan

On August 14, 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors amended its current Amended and Restated Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) which was originally adopted in 1995. The amendment changes the definition of “Acquiring Person” to be such person that acquires 20% or more of the shares of Common Stock of the Company up from the 15% that previously defined an acquiring person. On August 1, 2008, another amendment was approved which provided for an increase of the exercise price of the rights under the Rights Agreement (the “Rights”) to $50 from $15 and for the extension of the expiration date of the Rights to August 2, 2018.

In addition, the amendment includes a share exchange feature that provides the Company’s Board of Directors the option of exchanging, in whole or in part, each Right, other than those of the hostile acquiring holder, for one share of the Company’s common stock. This provision is intended to avoid requiring Rights holders to pay cash to exercise their Rights and to alleviate the uncertainty as to whether holders will exercise their Rights. The Plan is designed to protect the Company’s shareholders from unfair or coercive takeover tactics. The rights may be exercised only upon the occurrence of certain triggering events, including the acquisition of, or a tender offer for, 20% or more of the Company’s common stock without the Company’s prior approval.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The Company follows the FASB’s guidance on Stock Compensation to account for share-based payments granted to employees and non-employee directors.

Overview of Plans

The Company adopted the 1994 Incentive and Nonqualified Stock Option Plan for Key Personnel (the “Key Personnel Plan”) and the 1994 Nonqualified Stock Option Plan for the Directors (the “Director Plan”). Under both plans, the option exercise price equals the stock’s closing market price on the day prior to the grant date. The maximum term of any option granted pursuant to either the Key Personnel Plan or to the Director Plan is ten years. In accordance with their terms, the Key Personnel Plan and the Director Plan expired in May 2004 and no further grants can be made under these plans. No options remain outstanding under these plans at December 31, 2011.

In December 2005, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors adopted the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2005 Plan”). The 2005 Plan allows the Company to issue stock options and other share and cash based awards. Under the 2005 Plan, 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance upon exercise of equity awards granted thereunder. All grants under this plan expire 10 years from the date the grants were authorized by the Board of Directors.

In June 2008, the Company adopted the Advocat Inc. 2008 Stock Purchase Plan for Key Personnel (“Stock Purchase Plan”). The Stock Purchase Plan provides for the granting of rights to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock to directors and officers and 150,000 shares of the Company’s common stock has been reserved for issuance under the Stock Purchase Plan. The Stock Purchase Plan allows participants to elect to utilize a specified portion of base salary, annual cash bonus, or director compensation to purchase restricted shares or restricted share units (“RSU’s”) at 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of purchase. The restriction period under the Stock Purchase Plan is generally two years from the date of purchase and during which the shares will have the rights to receive dividends, however, the restricted share certificates will not be delivered to the shareholder and the shares cannot be sold, assigned or disposed of during the restriction period. No grants can be made under the Stock Purchase Plan after April 25, 2018.

In April 2010, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors adopted the 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2010 Plan”), followed by approval by the Company’s shareholders in June 2010. The 2010 Plan allows the Company to issue stock appreciation rights, stock options and other share and cash based awards. Under the 2010 Plan, 380,000 shares of the Company’s common stock have been reserved for issuance upon exercise of equity awards granted under the 2010 Plan.

Equity Grants and Valuations

During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the grant of Stock Only Stock Appreciation Rights (“SOSARs”) at the market price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The SOSARs vest one-third on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. The SOSARs are valued and recorded in the same manner as stock options, and will be settled with issuance of new stock for the difference between the market price on the date of exercise and the exercise price.

During 2011, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved grants of shares of restricted common stock to certain employees and members of the Board of Directors. The restricted shares vest one-third on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. Unvested shares may not be sold or transferred. During the vesting period, dividends accrue on the restricted shares, but are paid in additional shares of common stock upon vesting, subject to the vesting provisions of the underlying restricted shares. The restricted shares are entitled to the same voting rights as other common shares. Upon vesting, all restrictions are removed.

The Company recorded non-cash stock-based compensation expense for equity grants and RSU’s issued under the Plans of $537,000, $597,000 and $689,000 during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Such amounts are included as components of general and administrative expense or operating expense based upon the classification of cash compensation paid to the related employees. As of December 31, 2011, there was $327,000 in unrecognized compensation costs related to stock-based compensation to be recognized over the applicable remaining vesting periods. The Company estimated the total recognized and unrecognized compensation using the Black-Scholes-Merton equity grant valuation model.

The table below shows the weighted average assumptions the Company used to develop the fair value estimates under its option valuation model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2011	2010	2009
Expected volatility (range)	59% - 60%	62% - 89%	95% - 111%
Risk free interest rate (range)	1.02% - 1.30%	2.21% - 3.28%	2.02% - 2.40%
Expected dividends	3.93%	3.22%	—
Weighted average expected term (years)	6.0	6.0	6.0

In computing the fair value estimates using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model, the Company took into consideration the exercise price of the equity grants and the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. The Company used an expected volatility that equals the historical volatility over the most recent period equal to the expected life of the equity grants. The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company used the expected dividend yield at the date of grant, reflecting the level of annual cash dividends currently being paid on its common stock.

In computing the fair value of these equity grants, the Company estimated the equity grants expected term based on the average of the vesting term and the original contractual terms of the grants, consistent with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s interpretive guidance often referred to as the “Simplified Method.” The Company continues to use the Simplified Method since the Company’s exercise history is not representative of the expected term of the equity granted in 2011. The Company’s recent exercise history is primarily from options granted in 2005 that were vested at grant date and were significantly in-the-money due to an increase in stock price during the period between grant date and formal approval by shareholders, and from older options granted several years ago that had fully vested.

The table below describes the resulting weighted average grant date fair values calculated as well as the intrinsic value of options exercised under the Company’s equity awards during each of the following years:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2011		2010		2009
Weighted Average grant date fair value	$	2.19	$	2.61	$	1.91
Total Intrinsic Value of Exercises	$	87,000	$	192,000	$	320,000

The following table summarizes information regarding stock options and SOSAR grants outstanding as of December 31, 2011:

Range of Exercise Prices	Weighted Average Exercise Prices		Grants Outstanding		Intrinsic Value-grants Outstanding		Grants Exercisable		Intrinsic Value-grants Exercisable
$10.40 to $11.59	$	11.17		117,000		—		117,000		—
$2.37 to $6.21	$	5.10		334,000		175,000		186,000		113,000
				451,000				303,000

As of December 31, 2011, the outstanding equity grants have a weighted average remaining life of 6.65 years and those outstanding equity grants that are exercisable have a weighted average remaining life of 5.62 years. During the year ended December 31, 2011 approximately 18,000 stock option and SOSAR grants were exercised under these plans. All but 13,600 of the equity grants exercised were net settled and those 13,600 contributed $68,000 in proceeds.

Summarized activity of the equity compensation plans is presented below:

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, December 31, 2010		610,000		$	6.59
Granted		50,000			5.60
Exercised		(18,000	)		.87
Expired or cancelled		(191,000	)		6.65
Outstanding, December 31, 2011		451,000		$	6.68
Exercisable, December 31, 2011		303,000		$	7.38

	Restricted Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2010		—			—
Granted		50,000		$	6.63
Dividend Equivalents		1,000			6.33
Vested		(6,000	)		6.80
Cancelled		(4,000	)		6.76
Outstanding December 31, 2011		41,000		$	6.57

Summarized activity of the Restricted Share Units for the Stock Purchase Plan is as follows:

	Restricted Share Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2010		38,000		$	3.41
Granted		43,000			6.80
Dividend Equivalents		2,000			6.36
Vested		(30,000	)		2.73
Cancelled		—			—
Outstanding December 31, 2011		53,000		$	6.68

Series A Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 200,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to establish the terms and rights of each series, including the voting powers, designations, preferences, and other special rights, qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof.

Series B and Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock

As part of the consideration paid to Omega for restructuring the terms of the Omega Master Lease in November 2000, the Company issued to Omega 393,658 shares of the Company’s Series B Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”) with a stated value of $3,300,000 and an annual dividend rate of 7% of the stated value. In October 2006, the Company and Omega entered into a Restructuring Stock Issuance and Subscription Agreement (“Restructuring Agreement”) to restructure the Series B Preferred Stock, eliminating the option of Omega to convert the Series B Preferred Stock into shares of Advocat common stock.

At the time of the Restructuring Agreement, the Series B Preferred Stock had a recorded value (including accrued dividends) of approximately $4,918,000 and was convertible into approximately 792,000 shares of common stock. The Company issued 5,000 shares of a new Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series C Preferred Stock”) to Omega in exchange for the 393,658 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by Omega. The new Series C Preferred Stock has a stated value of approximately $4,918,000 and an annual dividend rate of 7% of its stated value payable quarterly in cash. The Series C Preferred Stock is not convertible, but has been redeemable at its stated value at Omega’s option since September 30, 2010, and since September 30, 2007, has been redeemable at its stated value at the Company’s option. Redemption under the Company’s or Omega’s option is subject to certain limitations.

In connection with the termination of the conversion feature, the Company agreed to pay Omega an additional $687,000 per year under the Lease Amendment. The additional annual rental payments of $687,000 were discounted over the twelve year term of the renewal to arrive at a net present value of $6,701,000, the preferred stock premium. The Company recorded the fair value of the elimination of the conversion feature as a reduction in Paid In Capital with an offsetting increase to record a premium on the Series C Preferred Stock. As a result, the Series C Preferred Stock was initially recorded at a total value of $11,619,000, equal to the stated value of the Series B Preferred Stock, $4,918,000, plus the value of the conversion feature, $6,701,000. As the related cash payments were made, the preferred stock premium was reduced and interest expense was recorded.

The Series C Preferred Stock shares have preference in liquidation but do not have voting rights. The total redemption value is equal to the stated value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends. The liquidation preference value is equal to the redemption value. The following table reflects activity in the Series C Preferred Stock:

Series C Preferred Stock

	2011		2010			2009
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	4,918,000	$	6,192,000		$	7,891,000
Amortization of preferred stock premium		—		(1,274,000	)		(1,699,000	)
Balance at the end of the period	$	4,918,000	$	4,918,000		$	6,192,000