Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

The consolidated financial statements include the financial position, operations and accounts of Diversicare and its subsidiaries, all wholly-owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenues From Contracts with Customers, ("ASC 606"), using the modified retrospective method for all contracts as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2019 and 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition (ASC 605). The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that more closely aligns revenue recognition with the delivery of the Company's services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services.

Performance obligations are promises made in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company has concluded that the contracts with patients and residents represent a bundle of distinct services that are substantially the same, with the same pattern of transfer to the customer. Accordingly, the promise to provide quality care is accounted for as a single performance obligation.

The Company performed analyses using the application of the portfolio approach as a practical expedient to group patient contracts with similar characteristics, such that revenue for a given portfolio would not be materially different than if it were evaluated on a contract-by-contract basis. These analyses incorporated consideration of reimbursements at varying rates from Medicaid, Medicare, Managed Care, Private Pay, Assisted Living, Hospice, and Veterans for services provided in each corresponding state. It was determined that the contracts are not materially different for the following groups: Medicaid, Medicare, Managed Care and Private Pay and other (Assisted Living, Hospice and Veterans).

In order to determine the transaction price, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration at the beginning of the contract using the expected value method. The estimates consider (i) payor type, (ii) historical payment trends, (iii) the maturity of the portfolio, and (iv) geographic payment trends throughout a class of similar payors. The Company typically enters into agreements with third-party payors that provide for payments at amounts different from the established charges. These arrangement terms provide for subsequent settlement and cash flows that may occur well after the service is provided. The Company constrains (reduces) the estimates of variable consideration such that it is probable that a significant reversal of previously recognized revenue will not occur throughout the life of the contract. Changes in the Company's expectation of the amount it will receive from the patient or third-party payors will be recorded in revenue unless there is a specific event that suggests the patient or third-party payor no longer has the ability and intent to pay the amount due and, therefore, the changes in its estimate of variable consideration better represent an impairment, or bad debt. These estimates are re-assessed each reporting period, and any amounts allocated to a satisfied performance obligation are recognized as revenue or a reduction of revenue in the period in which the transaction price changes.

The Company satisfies its performance obligation by providing quality of care services to its patients and residents on a daily basis until termination of the contract. The performance obligation is recognized on a time elapsed basis, by day, for which the services are provided. For these contracts, the Company has the right to consideration from the customer in an amount that directly corresponds with the value to the customer of the Company's performance to date. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue based on the amount billable to the customer in accordance with the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-18. Additionally, because the Company applied ASC 606 using certain practical expedients, the Company elected not to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price for unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, performance obligations for all contracts with an original expected length of one year or less.

The Company incurs costs related to patient/resident contracts, such as legal and advertising expenses. The contract costs are expensed as incurred. They are not expected to be recovered and are not chargeable to the patient/resident regardless of whether the contract is executed

Lease Expense

As of December 31, 2019, the Company operates 47 nursing centers under operating leases, including 24 owned by Omega, 20 owned by Golden Living and three owned by other parties. The Company's operating leases generally require the Company to pay stated rent, subject to increases based on changes in the Consumer Price Index or a minimum percentage increase. The Company's Master Leases with Omega and Golden Living require the Company to pay certain scheduled rent increases. Such scheduled rent increases are recorded as additional lease expense on a straight-line basis recognized over the term of the related leases and the difference between the amounts recorded for rent expense as compared to rent payments is recorded as an accrued liability.

Classification of Expenses

The Company classifies all expenses (except lease, interest, depreciation and amortization expenses) that are associated with its corporate and regional management support functions as general and administrative expenses within continuing operations. All other expenses (except lease, professional liability, interest, depreciation and amortization expenses) incurred by the Company at the center level for continuing operations are classified as operating expenses.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost or at fair value determined on the respective dates of acquisition for assets obtained in a business combination, with depreciation and amortization being provided over the shorter of the remaining lease term (where applicable) or the assets' estimated useful lives on the straight-line basis as follows:



Buildings and improvements	-	5 to 40 years
Leasehold improvements	-	2 to 10 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	-	2 to 15 years

Interest incurred during construction periods for qualifying expenditures is capitalized as part of the building cost. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, and major betterments and improvements are capitalized.

The Company routinely evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right of use assets. The evaluation for recoverability includes when significant adverse changes in the general economic conditions and significant deteriorations of the underlying undiscounted cash flows or fair values of the asset group indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances suggest that the recorded amounts are not recoverable based upon estimated future undiscounted cash flows, the carrying values of such assets are reduced to fair value.

Cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit with banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased. Our cash on deposit with banks was subject to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") minimum insurance levels.

Deferred Financing and Other Costs

The Company records deferred financing and lease costs for direct and incremental expenditures related to entering into or amending debt and lease agreements. These expenditures include lenders' and attorneys' fees. Financing costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the related debt. The amortization is reflected as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Deferred lease costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases. See Note 7, "Long-term Debt, Interest Rate Swap and Finance Lease Obligations" for further discussion.

Acquired Leasehold Interest

The Company has recorded an acquired leasehold interest intangible asset related to an acquisition completed during 2007. The intangible asset is accounted for in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") guidance on goodwill and other intangible assets, and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the acquired lease. As discussed in Note 2, "Business Developments and Other Significant Transactions," the Company entered into a new Master Lease agreement with Omega Healthcare Investors ("Omega" or the "Lessor") on October 1, 2018, which was subsequently modified on August 30, 2019. The new Master Lease includes the seven centers to which the intangible asset relates. As such, the intangible asset is now being amortized over an adjusted remaining life, consistent with the term of the new Master Lease, which goes through September 30, 2030. Amortization expense of approximately $571, $384 and $384 related to this intangible asset was recorded during each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The carrying value of the acquired leasehold interest intangible and the accumulated amortization are as follows:



	December 31,
	2019			2018
Acquired leasehold interest, gross	$	10,652		$	10,652
Accumulated amortization	(4,916		)	(4,345		)
Acquired leasehold interest, net	$	5,736		$	6,307

The Company evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of the acquired leasehold intangible in accordance with the FASB's guidance on accounting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. Included in this evaluation is whether significant adverse changes in general economic conditions, and significant deteriorations of the underlying cash flows or fair values of the intangible asset indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. The need to recognize an impairment charge is based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows from the asset compared to the carrying value of that asset. If recognition of an impairment charge is necessary, it is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset.

Self Insurance

Self-Insurance

Self-insurance liabilities primarily represent the unfunded accrual for self-insured risks associated with general and professional liability claims, employee health insurance and workers' compensation. The Company's health insurance liability is based on known claims incurred and an estimate of incurred but unreported claims determined by an analysis of historical claims paid. The Company's workers' compensation liability relates primarily to periods of self insurance and consists of an estimate of the future costs to be incurred for the known claims.

Final determination of the Company's actual liability for incurred general and professional liability claims is a process that may take years. The Company evaluates the adequacy of this liability on a quarterly basis. Semi-annually, the Company retains a third-party actuarial firm to assist in the evaluation of this unfunded accrual. Since May 2012, Merlinos & Associates, Inc. (“Merlinos”) has assisted management in the preparation of the appropriate accrual for incurred but not reported general and professional liability claims based on data furnished by the Company. Merlinos primarily utilizes historical data regarding the frequency and cost of the Company's past claims over a multi-year period, industry data and information regarding the number of occupied beds to develop its estimates of the Company's ultimate professional liability cost for current periods.

On a quarterly basis, the Company obtains reports of asserted claims and lawsuits incurred. These reports, which are provided by the Company's insurers and a third party claims administrator, contain information relevant to the actual expense already incurred with each claim as well as the third-party administrator's estimate of the anticipated total cost of the claim. This information is reviewed by the Company quarterly and provided to the actuary semi-annually. Based on the Company's evaluation of the actual claim information obtained, the semi-annual estimates received from the third-party actuary, the amounts paid and committed for settlements of claims and on estimates regarding the number and cost of additional claims anticipated in the future, the reserve estimate for a particular period may be revised upward or downward on a quarterly basis. Any increase in the accrual has an unfavorable impact on results of operations in the period and any reduction in the accrual increases results of operations during the period.

All losses are projected on an undiscounted basis. The self-insurance liabilities include estimates of liability for incurred but not reported claims, estimates of liability for reported but unresolved claims, actual liabilities related to settlements, including settlements to be paid over time, and estimates of related legal costs incurred and expected to be incurred.

One of the key assumptions in the actuarial analysis is that historical losses provide an accurate forecast of future losses. Changes in legislation such as tort reform, changes in our financial condition, changes in our risk management practices and other factors may affect the severity and frequency of claims incurred in future periods as compared to historical claims.

The facts and circumstances of each claim vary significantly, and the amount of ultimate liability for an individual claim may vary due to many factors, including whether the case can be settled by agreement, the quality of legal representation, the individual jurisdiction in which the claim is pending, and the views of the particular judge or jury deciding the case.

Although the Company adjusts its unfunded accrual for professional and general liability claims on a quarterly basis and retains a third-party actuarial firm semi-annually to assist management in estimating the appropriate accrual, professional and general liability claims are inherently uncertain, and the liability associated with anticipated claims is very difficult to estimate. Professional liability cases have a long cycle from the date of an incident to the date a case is resolved, and final determination of the Company's actual liability for claims incurred in any given period is a process that takes years. As a result, the Company's actual liabilities may vary significantly from the unfunded accrual, and the amount of the accrual has and may continue to fluctuate by a material amount in any given period. Each change in the amount of this accrual will directly affect the Company's results of operations and financial position for the period in which the change in accrual is made.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the FASB's guidance on Income Taxes, which requires the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes whereby deferred income taxes are recorded for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are provided against any estimated non-realizable deferred tax assets where necessary.

Where the Company believes that a tax position is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is included in its income tax returns. Where treatment of a position is uncertain, liabilities are recorded based upon the Company’s evaluation of the “more likely than not” outcome considering the technical merits of the position. While the judgments and estimates made by the Company are based on management’s evaluation of the technical merits of a matter, historical experience and other assumptions that management believes are appropriate and reasonable under current circumstances, actual resolution of these matters may differ from recorded estimated amounts, resulting in charges or credits that could materially affect future financial statements. See Note 10, "Income Taxes" for additional information related to the provision for income taxes.

Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. In calculating fair value, a company must maximize the use of observable market inputs, minimize the use of unobservable market inputs and disclose in the form of an outlined hierarchy the details of such fair value measurements. The carrying amounts of cash, receivables, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these accounts. The Company's self-insurance liabilities are reported on an undiscounted basis as the timing of estimated settlements cannot be determined.

The Company follows the FASB's guidance on Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures which provides rules for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities as well as a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop the measurements. It applies whenever other guidance requires (or permits) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value and gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

A summary of the fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels is described below:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.

As further discussed in Note 7, "Long-term Debt, Interest Rate Swap and Finance Lease Obligations", in conjunction with the debt agreements entered into in February 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a member of the bank syndicate as the counterparty. The applicable guidance requires companies to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value in a company's balance sheets.

As the Company's interest rate swap, a cash flow hedge, is not traded on a market exchange, the fair value is determined using a valuation model based on a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swap agreement and uses observable market-based inputs, including estimated future LIBOR interest rates. The fair value of the Company's interest rate swap is the net difference in the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on the expectation of future interest rates and are observable inputs available to a market participant. The interest rate swap valuation is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The debt balances as presented in the consolidated balance sheets approximate the fair value of the respective instruments as the debt is at a variable rate, the estimates of which are considered Level 2 fair value calculations within the fair value hierarchy.

Net Loss per Common Share

The Company follows the FASB's guidance on Earnings Per Share for the financial reporting of net loss per common share. Basic earnings per common share excludes dilution and restricted shares and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares, excluding restricted shares, outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or otherwise resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company follows the FASB's guidance on Stock Compensation to account for share-based payments granted to team members and recorded non-cash stock based compensation expense of $573, $1,127 and $1,027 during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Such amounts are included as components of general and administrative expense or operating expense based upon the classification of cash compensation paid to the related employees.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income consists of other comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income (loss) is a more inclusive financial reporting method that includes disclosure of financial information that historically has not been recognized in the calculation of net income (loss). Currently, the Company's other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the change in fair value of the Company's interest rate swap transaction accounted for as a cash flow hedge.

Recent Accounting Standards Adopted by the Company and Account Standards Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted by the Company

Recent Accounting Standards Adopted by the Company

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. For short-term leases (those with a term of 12 months or less and that do not include a lessee purchase option that is reasonably certain to be exercised), a lessee is permitted to make (and the Company chose to utilize) an accounting policy election by asset class not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities, which would generally result in lease expense for these short term leases being recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company adopted the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases - Targeted Improvements, which allows lessees and lessors to recognize and measure existing leases at the beginning of the period of adoption without modifying the comparative period financial statements (which therefore will remain under prior GAAP, Topic 840, Leases). The Company elected to reflect adoption in the period of adoption (January 1, 2019) rather than the earliest period presented. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients upon transition, which includes retaining the lease classification for any leases that exist prior to adoption of the standard. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of net right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $384,187 and $389,403, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The standard did not materially impact our consolidated net earnings and had no impact on cash flows. See Note 6, "Leases" for a discussion regarding leases under the new standard.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which is intended to simplify and amend the application of hedge accounting to more clearly portray the economics of an entity’s risk management strategies in its financial statements. The new guidance will make more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting and reduce complexity in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. The new guidance also changes how companies assess effectiveness and amends the presentation and disclosure requirements. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument will be required to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item. The new guidance also eases certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The Company adopted the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 805): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The ASU amends ASC 815 to add the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a fifth US benchmark interest rate. The Company adopted the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2019. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which outlines a single comprehensive model for recognizing revenue and supersedes most existing revenue recognition guidance, including guidance specific to the healthcare industry. For public companies, Topic 606 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted the requirements of this standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company elected to apply the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative transition effect recognized in beginning retained earnings as of the date of adoption. The impact of the implementation to the consolidated financial statements for periods subsequent to the adoption is not material. See Note 4, "Revenue Recognition and Receivables" for a discussion regarding revenue recognition under the new standard.

Accounting Standards Recently Issued But Not Yet Adopted by the Company

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Loses on Financial Instruments. This update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recognition of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income, including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other such commitments. This update requires that financial statement assets measured at an amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. This standard is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022 with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the initial stages of evaluating the impact from the adoption of this new standard on the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Revenue from Contract with Customer