COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Lease Commitments

The Company is committed under long-term operating leases with various expiration dates and varying renewal options. Minimum annual rentals (exclusive of taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs) under these leases beginning January 1, 2019, are as follows:



2018	$	58,291
2019	59,391
2020	60,575
2021	61,808
2022	63,065
Thereafter	321,797
	$	624,927

Under these lease agreements, the Company's lease payments are subject to periodic annual escalations as described below and in Note 1, "Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies". Total lease expense for continuing operations was $57,073, $54,988 and $33,364 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The accrued liability related to straight line rent was $6,877 and $6,983 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is included in “Other noncurrent liabilities” on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Omega Master Lease

On October 1, 2018, the Company entered into a New Master Lease Agreement (the "Omega Master Lease") with Omega Healthcare Investors (the "Lessor") to lease 34 centers currently owned by Omega and operated by Diversicare. The old Master Lease with Omega provided for its operation of 23 skilled nursing centers in Texas, Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessee, Florida, and Ohio. Additionally, Diversicare operates 11 centers owned by Omega, previously under separate leases in Missouri, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. The Omega Master Lease entered into by Diversicare and Omega consolidated the leases for all 34 centers under one New Master Lease. The Omega Master Lease has an initial term of twelve years with the option of two ten year extensions at the Company's election. The Omega Master Lease has annual rent escalators of 2.15% beginning on October 1, 2019.

Under generally accepted accounting principles, the Company is required to report these scheduled rent increases on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. These scheduled increases had no effect on cash rent payments at the start of the lease term and only result in additional cash outlay as the annual increases take effect each year.

The Omega Master Lease requires the Company to fund annual capital expenditures related to the leased centers at an amount currently equal to four-hundred dollars per licensed bed. These amounts are subject to adjustment for increases in the Consumer Price Index. The Company is in compliance with the capital expenditure requirements. Total required capital expenditures during the remaining lease term are $18,611. These capital expenditures are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the asset life or the appropriate lease term.

Upon expiration of the Omega Master Lease or in the event of a default under the Omega Master Lease, the Company is required to transfer all of the leasehold improvements, equipment, furniture and fixtures of the leased centers to Omega. The assets to be transferred to Omega are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining lease term, excluding the renewal options, or estimated useful life, and will be fully depreciated upon the expiration of the lease. All of the equipment, inventory and other related assets of the centers leased pursuant to the Omega Master Lease have been pledged as security under the Omega Master Lease. In addition, the Company has a letter of credit of $6,909 as a security deposit for the Company's leases with Omega, as described in Note 5, "Long-term Debt, Interest Rate Swap and Capitalized Lease Obligations".

Renovation Funding

In January 2013, we entered into an amendment to the former master lease with Omega under which Omega agreed to provide an additional $5,000 to fund renovations to two nursing centers located in Texas that are leased from Omega. The annual base rent related to these centers is increased to reflect the amount of capital improvements to the respective centers as the related expenditures are made. The increase is based on a rate of 10.25% per year of the amount financed under this amendment.

The Company completed an expansion to one of its centers by making use of fifteen licensed beds it acquired in 2005. This expansion project was funded by Omega with the renovation funding previously described. Accordingly, the costs incurred to expand the center were recorded as a leasehold improvement asset with the amounts reimbursed by Omega for this project included as a long-term liability and were amortized to rent expense over the remaining term of the lease. The capitalized leasehold improvements and lessor reimbursed costs were amortized over the initial lease term that ended in September 2018. The leasehold improvement asset and accumulated amortization are as follows:



	December 31
	2018			2017
Leasehold improvement	$	921		$	921
Accumulated Amortization	(921		)	(842		)
Net	$	—		$	79

Golden Living Master Lease

The Company leases 20 nursing centers from Golden Living. On October 1, 2016, the Company and Golden Living entered into a Master Lease ("Golden Living Lease") agreement to lease eight centers located in Mississippi. On November 1, 2016, the Company and Golden Living entered into an Amended and Restated Master Lease ("Amended Lease") to extend the term of its centers leased from Golden Living and lease an additional twelve centers located in Alabama. The Amended Lease is triple net and has an initial term of ten years with two separate five year options to extend the term. Base rent for the amended lease is $24,675 for the first year and escalates 2% annually thereafter. Under generally accepted accounting principles, the Company is required to report these scheduled rent increases on a straight line basis over the term of the lease including the 10 year term of the renewal period. These scheduled increases had no effect on cash rent payments at the start of the lease term and only result in additional cash outlay as the annual increases take effect each year.

The Golden Living Lease requires the Company to fund annual capital expenditures related to the leased centers at an amount currently equal to five hundred and ten dollars per licensed bed. These amounts are subject to adjustment for increases in the Consumer Price Index. The Company is in compliance with the capital expenditure requirements. Total required capital expenditures during the remaining lease term and renewal options are $7,955. These capital expenditures are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the asset life or the appropriate lease term.

Upon expiration of the Golden Living Lease or in the event of a default under the Golden Living Lease , the Company is required to transfer all of the leasehold improvements, equipment, furniture and fixtures of the leased centers to Golden Living. The assets to be transferred to Golden Living are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining lease term or estimated useful life, and will be fully depreciated upon the expiration of the lease. All of the equipment, inventory and other related assets of the center leased pursuant to the Golden Living Lease have been pledged as security under the Golden Living Lease. In addition, the Company has a letter of credit of $6,354 as a security deposit for the Company's leases with Golden Living, as described in Note 5, "Long-term Debt, Interest Rate Swap and Capitalized Lease Obligations".

Insurance Matters

Professional Liability and Other Liability Insurance

The Company has professional liability insurance coverage for its nursing centers that, based on historical claims experience, is likely to be substantially less than the claims that are expected to be incurred. Effective July 1, 2013, the Company established a wholly-owned, offshore limited purpose insurance subsidiary, SHC Risk Carriers, Inc. (“SHC”), to replace some of the expiring commercial policies. SHC covers losses up to specified limits per occurrence. All of the Company's nursing centers in Florida and Tennessee are now covered under the captive insurance policies along with most of the nursing centers in Alabama, Kentucky, and Texas. The insurance coverage provided for these centers under the SHC policy includes coverage limits of at least $1,000 per medical incident with a sublimit per center of $3,000 and total annual aggregate policy limits of $5,000. All other centers within the Company’s portfolio are covered through various commercial insurance policies which provide similar coverage limits per medical incident, per location, and on an aggregate basis for covered centers. The deductibles for these policies are covered through the insurance subsidiary.

The Company follows the FASB Accounting Standards Update, “Presentation of Insurance Claims and Related Insurance Recoveries,” that clarifies that a health care entity should not net insurance recoveries against a related professional liability claim and that the amount of the claim liability should be determined without consideration of insurance recoveries. Accordingly, the estimated insurance recovery receivables are included within "Other Current Assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there are $5,478 and $1,579, respectively, estimated insurance recovery receivables.

Reserve for Estimated Self-Insured Professional Liability Claims

Because the Company’s actual liability for existing and anticipated professional liability and general liability claims will exceed the Company’s limited insurance coverage, the Company has recorded total liabilities for reported and incurred but not reported claims of $27,201 and $20,057 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This accrual includes estimates of liability for incurred but not reported claims, estimates of liability for reported but unresolved claims, actual liabilities related to settlements, including settlements to be paid over time, estimates of insurance settlements over the deductible, and estimates of legal costs related to these claims. All losses are projected on an undiscounted basis. Amounts are added to the accrual for estimates of anticipated liability for claims incurred during each period, and amounts are deducted from the accrual for settlements paid on existing claims during each period.

The Company evaluates the adequacy of this liability on a quarterly basis. Semi-annually, the Company retains a third-party actuarial firm to assist in the evaluation of this reserve. Since May 2012, Merlinos & Associates, Inc. (“Merlinos”) has assisted management in the preparation of the appropriate accrual for incurred but not reported general and professional liability claims based on data furnished as of May 31 and November 30 of each year. Merlinos primarily utilizes historical data regarding the frequency and cost of the Company’s past claims over a multi-year period, industry data and information regarding the number of occupied beds to develop its estimates of the Company’s ultimate professional liability cost for current periods.

On a quarterly basis, the Company obtains reports of asserted claims and lawsuits incurred. These reports, which are provided by the Company’s insurers and a third party claims administrator, contain information relevant to the actual expense already incurred with each claim as well as the third-party administrator’s estimate of the anticipated total cost of the claim. This information is reviewed by the Company quarterly and provided to the actuary semi-annually. Based on the Company’s evaluation of the actual claim information obtained, the semi-annual estimates received from the third-party actuary, the amounts paid and committed for settlements of claims and on estimates regarding the number and cost of additional claims anticipated in the future, the reserve estimate for a particular period may be revised upward or downward on a quarterly basis. Any increase in the accrual decreases results of operations in the period and any reduction in the accrual increases results of operations during the period.

The Company’s cash expenditures for self-insured professional liability costs from continuing operations were $6,540, $6,593, and $4,456 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Although the Company adjusts its accrual for professional and general liability claims on a quarterly basis and retains a third-party actuarial firm semi-annually to assist management in estimating the appropriate accrual, professional and general liability claims are inherently uncertain, and the liability associated with anticipated claims is very difficult to estimate. Professional liability cases have a long cycle from the date of an incident to the date a case is resolved, and final determination of the Company’s actual liability for claims incurred in any given period is a process that takes years. As a result, the Company’s actual liabilities may vary significantly from the accrual, and the amount of the accrual has and may continue to fluctuate by a material amount in any given period. Each change in the amount of this accrual will directly affect the Company’s reported earnings and financial position for the period in which the change in accrual is made.

Other Insurance

With respect to workers' compensation insurance, substantially all of our employees are covered under either a prefunded deductible policy or state-sponsored program. The Company has been and remains a non-subscriber to the Texas workers’ compensation system and is, therefore, completely self-insured for employee injuries with respect to its Texas operations. From June 30, 2003 until June 30, 2007, the Company’s workers’ compensation insurance programs provided coverage for claims incurred with premium adjustments depending on incurred losses. For the period from July 1, 2007 until June 30, 2008, the Company was completely insured for workers' compensation exposure. For the period from July 1, 2008 through December 31, 2017, the Company is covered by a prefunded deductible policy. Under this policy, the Company is self-insured for the first $500 per claim, subject to an aggregate maximum of $3,000. The Company funds a loss fund account with the insurer to pay for claims below the deductible. The Company accounts for premium expense under this policy based on its estimate of the level of claims subject to the policy deductibles expected to be incurred. The liability for workers’ compensation claims is $618 and $867 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has a non-current receivable for workers’ compensation policies covering previous years of $1,258 and $1,113 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The non-current receivable is a function of payments paid to the Company’s insurance carrier in excess of the estimated level of claims expected to be incurred.

As of December 31, 2018, the Company is self-insured for health insurance benefits for certain employees and dependents for amounts up to $200 per individual annually. The Company provides reserves for the settlement of outstanding self-insured health claims at amounts believed to be adequate. The liability for reported claims and estimates for incurred but unreported claims is $1,396 and $1,326 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The differences between actual settlements and reserves are included in expense in the period finalized.

Employment Agreements

The Company has employment agreements with certain members of management that provide for the payment to these members of amounts up to 2.0 times their annual salary in the event of a termination without cause, a constructive discharge (as defined in each employee agreement), or upon a change in control of the Company (as defined in each employee agreement). The maximum contingent liability under these agreements is $1,692 as of December 31, 2018. The terms of such agreements are from 1 to 3 years and automatically renew for 1 year if not terminated by the employee or the Company.

No amounts have been accrued for these contingent liabilities for members of management the Company currently employs.

Health Care Industry and Legal Proceedings

The provision of health care services entails an inherent risk of liability. Participants in the health care industry are subject to lawsuits alleging malpractice, violations of false claims acts, product liability, or related legal theories, many of which involve large claims and significant defense costs. Like many other companies engaged in the long-term care profession in the United States, we have numerous pending liability claims, disputes and legal actions for professional liability and other related issues. It is expected that we will continue to be subject to such suits as a result of the nature of our business. Further, as with all health care providers, we are periodically subject to regulatory actions seeking fines and penalties for alleged violations of health care laws and are potentially subject to the increased scrutiny of regulators for issues related to compliance with health care fraud and abuse laws and with respect to the quality of care provided to residents of our center. Like other health care providers, in the ordinary course of our business, we are also subject to claims made by employees and other disputes and litigation arising from the conduct of our business.

As of December 31, 2018, we are engaged in 78 professional liability lawsuits, which are reserved for as discussed above. Eighteen lawsuits are currently scheduled for trial or arbitration during the next twelve months, and it is expected that additional cases will be set for trial or hearing. The ultimate results of any of our professional liability claims and disputes cannot be predicted. We have limited, and sometimes no, professional liability insurance with regard to most of these claims. A significant judgment entered against us in one or more of these legal actions could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and cash flows.

In July 2013, the Company learned that the United States Attorney for the Middle District of Tennessee ("DOJ") had commenced a civil investigation of potential violations of the False Claims Act ("FCA").

In October 2014, the Company learned that the investigation was started by the filing under seal of a false claims action against the two centers that were the subject of the original civil investigative demand ("CID"). In connection with this matter, between July 2013 and early February 2016, the Company has received three civil investigative demands (a form of subpoena) for documents. The Company has responded to those demands and also provided voluntarily additional information requested by the DOJ. The DOJ has also taken testimony from current and former employees of the Company. In May 2018, the Company learned that a second FCA complaint had been filed in late 2016 relating to the Company’s practices and policies for rehabilitation therapy at some of its facilities. The government’s investigation relates to the Company’s practices and policies for rehabilitation and other services at all of its facilities, for preadmission evaluation forms ("PAEs") required by TennCare and for Pre-Admission Screening and Resident Reviews ("PASRRs") required by the Medicare program.

The Company is engaged in preliminary discussions with the DOJ regarding settlement of this investigation. The Company denies any wrong doing and is prepared to vigorously defend its actions. However, based upon preliminary settlement discussions, the Company believes that it is probable a loss will result from this contingency and has accrued $6,400 as a contingent liability in connection with this matter during the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company cannot predict whether a settlement can be achieved, the outcome of the litigation if there is no settlement or the length of time necessary to conclude this matter. Accordingly, the contingent liability has been classified as a noncurrent liability in the accompanying interim consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s ultimate ability to settle this investigation will depend on several factors, including whether the amount and terms of an acceptable settlement can be reached with the DOJ, the Company’s assessment of the risks of litigating this case and the effect of protracted litigation or settlement terms on the Company’s business plans. Because the outcome of this investigation and related settlement discussions remain uncertain, there is a reasonable possibility that the amount ultimately incurred in connection with the resolution of this matter could differ materially from the current accrual, as the Company cannot, at this time, estimate the possible range of loss that may result from either a settlement or litigation of this matter. The ultimate outcome of this litigation could have a materially adverse effect on the Company, including the imposition of treble damages, criminal charges, fines, penalties and/or a corporate integrity agreement.

In June 2016, the Company received an authorized investigative demand (a form of subpoena) for documents in connection with a criminal investigation by the DOJ related to the practices of some of its employees with respect to PAEs and PASRRs, and the Company provided documents responsive to this subpoena and coordinated examinations of certain employees of the Company. The Company understands that this criminal investigation has been closed, subject to re-opening at the discretion of the government.

In January 2009, a purported class action complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of Garland County, Arkansas against the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and Garland Nursing & Rehabilitation Center (the “Center”). The complaint alleges that the defendants breached their statutory and contractual obligations to the patients of the Center over the five-year period prior to the filing of the complaints. The lawsuit remains in its early stages and has not yet been certified by the court as a class action. The Company intends to defend the lawsuit vigorously.

We cannot currently predict with certainty the ultimate impact of any of the above cases on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. Our reserve for professional liability expenses does not include any amounts for the pending DOJ investigation or the purported class action against the Arkansas centers. An unfavorable outcome in any of these lawsuits or any of our professional liability actions, any regulatory action, any investigation or lawsuit alleging violations of fraud and abuse laws or of elderly abuse laws or any state or Federal False Claims Act case could subject us to fines, penalties and damages, including exclusion from the Medicare or Medicaid programs, and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.