Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting

Policies Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. It is management’s opinion however, that all material adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) have been made which are necessary for a fair financial statement presentation.

These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2018, which contains our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, together with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, for the year ended June 30, 2018. The interim results for the period ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year.

Principles of consolidation

The condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements include the accounts of our Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, SWC Group Inc. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Going concern

The Company sustained continued losses from operations during the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018. The Company’s continuation as a going concern is dependent on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet its obligations, in which it has not been successful, and/or obtaining additional financing from its shareholders or other sources, as may be required.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. Such assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Management is endeavoring to increase revenue-generating operations. While priority is on generating cash from operations through the sale of the Company’s products, management is also seeking to raise additional working capital through various financing sources, including the sale of the Company’s equity and/or debt securities, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms to our Company, or which may not be available at all. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to continue our business as desired and our operating results will be adversely affected. In addition, any financing arrangement may have potentially adverse effects on us and/or our stockholders. Debt financing (if available and undertaken) will increase expenses, must be repaid regardless of operating results and may involve restrictions limiting our operating flexibility. If we issue equity securities to raise additional funds, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders will be reduced and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the current holders of our common stock.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Revenue recognition

Sugarmade applies a five-step approach in determining the amount and timing of revenue to be recognized: (1) identifying the contract with a customer, (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determining the transaction price, (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (5) recognizing revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied.

Substantially all of Sugarmade’s revenue is recognized at the time control of the products transfers to the customer.

Cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held as bank deposits and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

From time to time, we may maintain bank balances in interest bearing accounts in excess of the $250,000 currently insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for interest bearing accounts (there is currently no insurance limit for deposits in noninterest bearing accounts). We have not experienced any losses with respect to cash. Management believes our Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to its cash.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts, net of any estimated allowances for doubtful accounts. We grant unsecured credit to our customer’s deemed credit worthy. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed and potential credit losses estimated by management are charged to operations on a regular basis. At the time any particular account receivable is deemed uncollectible, the balance is charged to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company had accounts receivable net of allowances of $375,970 as of March 31, 2019 and of $453,623 as of June 30, 2018.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods paper and paper-based products such as paper cups and food containers ready for sale and is stated at the lower of cost or market. We value our inventory using the weighted average costing method. Our Company’s policy is to include as a part of inventory any freight incurred to ship the product from our contract manufacturers to our warehouses. Outbound freights costs related to shipping costs to our customers are considered period costs and reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses. We regularly review inventory and consider forecasts of future demand, market conditions and product obsolescence.

If the estimated realizable value of our inventory is less than cost, we make provisions in order to reduce its carrying value to its estimated market value. On a consolidated basis, as of March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018, the balance for the inventory totaled $627,346 and $531,249, respectively. Obsolescence reserve at March 31, 2019 and June 30, 2018 were $16,177 and $120,486, respectively.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment is stated at the historical cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation on property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for both financial and income tax reporting purposes as follows:

Machinery equipment	5 years
Furniture and equipment	7 years
Vehicles	7 years

Expenditures for renewals and betterments are capitalized while repairs and maintenance costs are normally charged to the statement of operations in the year in which they are incurred. In situations where it can be clearly demonstrated that the expenditure has resulted in an increase in the future economic benefits expected to be obtained from the use of the asset, the expenditure is capitalized as an additional cost of the asset.

Upon sale or disposal of an asset, the historical cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization of such asset were removed from their respective accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the statements of income.

The Company reviews the carrying value of property, plant, and equipment for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from its use and eventual disposition. In cases where undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to an amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of assets. The factors considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the property is used, and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors. Based on this assessment, no impairment expenses for property, plant, and equipment was recorded in operating expenses during the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, which include property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Recoverability of long-lived assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. Based on its review, the Company, as of June 30, 2018, performed an impairment test of all of its intangible assets. Based on the company’s analysis, the company had an amortization of intangible assets of $1,050 and $0 for the nine months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their perspective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

As a result of the implementation of certain provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting and disclosure for uncertainty in tax position, as defined, ASC 740 seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with certain aspect of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes. We adopted the provisions of ASC 740 as of October 2, 2008, and have analyzed filing positions in each of the federal and state jurisdictions where we are required to file income tax returns, as well as open tax years in these jurisdictions. We have identified the U.S. federal and California as our “major” tax jurisdictions and generally, we remain subject to Internal Revenue Service examination of our 2013 U.S. federal income tax returns. However, we have certain tax attribute carryforwards, which will remain subject to review and adjustment by the relevant tax authorities until the statute of limitations closes with respect to the year in which such attributes are utilized.

We believe that our income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to our financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded pursuant to ASC 740. In addition, we did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 740. Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with income-based tax audits is to record such items as a component of income taxes. We have no interest or penalties as of March 31, 2019.

Stock based compensation

Stock based compensation cost to employees is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the stock-based award, and will be recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the award). We estimate the fair value of employee stock options granted using the Binomial Option Pricing Model. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options will include the exercise price of the award, the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, the expected option term, the risk free interest rate at the date of grant, the expected volatility and the expected annual dividend yield on our common stock. We use our company’s own data among other information to estimate the expected price volatility and the expected forfeiture rate. Share-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services rendered are recorded at either the fair value of the services rendered or the fair value of the share-based payment, whichever is more readily determinable.

Loss per share

We calculate basic earnings per share (“EPS”) by dividing our net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without considering common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income or net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and the weighted average number of dilutive common stock equivalents, such as options and warrants. Options and warrants are only included in the calculation of diluted EPS when their effect is dilutive.

Fair value of financial instruments

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 - observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The Company used Level 3 inputs for its valuation methodology for the derivative liabilities in determining the fair value using the Binomial option-pricing model for the nine months ended March 31, 2019.

	Carrying Value		Fair Value Measurements at
	As of		March 31, 2019
	March 31,		Using Fair Value Hierarchy
	2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	2,541,563	$	—	$	—	$	2,541,563
Total	$	2,541,563	$	—	$	—	$	2,541,563

	June 30, 2018			March 31, 2019
Expected life (years)		0.5			0.5
Risk-free interest rate		2.06	%		2.44	%
Expected volatility		151	%		138	%

	Carrying Value		Fair Value Measurements at
	As of		June 30, 2018
	June 30,		Using Fair Value Hierarchy
	2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	3,069,616	$	—	$	—	$	3,069,616
Total	$	3,069,616	$	—	$	—	$	3,069,616

Derivative instruments

The fair value of derivative instruments is recorded and shown separately under current liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives liability are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under non-operating income (expense).

Our Company evaluates all of its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. For stock-based derivative financial instruments, the Company uses a weighted average Binomial option-pricing model to value the derivative instruments at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting”, requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.

FASB ASC Topic 280 has no effect on the Company’s financial statements as substantially all of its operations are conducted in one industry segment – paper and paper-based products such as paper cups, cup lids, food containers, etc.

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to recognize leases on-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” and ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements.” The new standard establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. This standard is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and for other entities for annual periods after December 15, 2019. The Company will adopt this new standard on July 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method and will use the effective date as the date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before July 1, 2019. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company will elect the “package of practical expedients,” which permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs.

The adoption of the standard will have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, with the most significant effects related to: (1) the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet for its real estate and data center operating leases; (2) providing significant new disclosures about the Company’s leasing activities.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The standard should be applied prospectively on or after the effective date. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The guidance should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvement to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new standard contains several amendments that will simplify the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, statutory tax withholding requirements, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was issued jointly by the FASB and IASB on May 28, 2014. It was originally effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2016, for public entities. Early application was not permitted (however, early adoption was optional for entities reporting under IFRSs). On August 12, 2015, the FASB issued an ASU, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred for one year the effective date of the new revenue standard for public and nonpublic entities reporting under U.S. GAAP. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.