Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2015

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) as promulgated in the United States of America.

Principles of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sugarmade-CA. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Going concern

The Company sustained continued operating losses during the years ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. The Company's continuation as a going concern is dependent on its ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operations to meet its obligations, in which it has not been successful, and/or obtaining additional financing from its shareholders or other sources, as may be required.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. Such assumption contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Management is endeavoring to increase revenue generating operations. While priority is on generating cash from operations through the sale of the Company’s products, management is also seeking to raise additional working capital through various financing sources, including the sale of the Company’s equity and/or debt securities, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms to our Company, or which may not be available at all. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to continue our business as desired and our operating results will be adversely affected. In addition, any financing arrangement may have potentially adverse effects on us and/or our stockholders. Debt financing (if available and undertaken) will increase expenses, must be repaid regardless of operating results and may involve restrictions limiting our operating flexibility. If we issue equity securities to raise additional funds, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders will be reduced and the new equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the current holders of our common stock.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) No. 605, Revenue Recognition. Revenue is recognized when an arrangement and a determinable fee occur, and when collection is considered to be probable and products are delivered or title has been transferred. This generally occurs upon shipment of the merchandise, which is when legal transfer of title occurs. In the event that final acceptance of our product by the customer is uncertain, revenue is deferred until all acceptance criteria have been met. We currently have a consignment arrangement with two of our customers. We record revenue on consignment goods when the consigned goods are sold by the consignee and all other above mentioned revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. Cash deposits received in connection with the sales of our products prior to their being delivered or acceptance if applicable is recorded as deferred revenue.

Cash

Cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held as bank deposits and highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

From time to time, we may maintain bank balances in interest bearing accounts in excess of the $250,000 currently insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for interest bearing accounts (there is currently no insurance limit for deposits in noninterest bearing accounts). We have not experienced any losses with respect to cash. Management believes our Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk with respect to its cash.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are carried at their estimated collectible amounts, net of any estimated allowances for doubtful accounts. We grant unsecured credit to our customer’s deemed credit worthy. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed and potential credit losses estimated by management are charged to operations on a regular basis. At the time any particular account receivable is deemed uncollectible, the balance is charged to the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company had allowances of accounts receivable of $70,772 as of June 30, 2015 and 2014.

During July 2013, the Company entered into an accounts receivable factoring arrangement with a non-related third party financial institution (the “Factor”). Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, the Company, from time to time, shall sell to the Factor certain of its accounts receivable balances on a recourse basis for credit approved accounts. At sole discretion of the Factor, the Factor remits 80% of the accounts receivable balance (less any sales tax) to the Company, with the remaining balance, less fees, to be forwarded to the Company once the Factor collects the full accounts receivable balance from the customer. An administrative and processing fee of 1.15% is charged on the gross amount of accounts receivables factored, plus factoring commission ranging from 0.5% to 1.15% of the gross face amount factored depending on the days outstanding for the accounts. The total amount of accounts receivable factored was $0 and $$20,553 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Items of equipment with costs greater than $1,500 are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from 3-7 years.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods paper and paper-based products such as paper cups and food containers ready for sale and is stated at the lower of cost or market. We value our inventory using the weighted average costing method. Our Company's policy is to include as a part of inventory any freight incurred to ship the product from our contract manufacturers to our warehouses. Outbound freights costs related to shipping costs to our customers are considered period costs and reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses. We regularly review inventory and consider forecasts of future demand, market conditions and product obsolescence.

If the estimated realizable value of our inventory is less than cost, we make provisions in order to reduce its carrying value to its estimated market value. On a consolidated basis, as of June 30, 2015 and 2014, the balance for the inventory totaled $528,566 and $69,319, respectively. No amounts were recognized as an obsolescence reserve at June 30, 2015 and 2014.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their perspective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

As a result of the implementation of certain provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting and disclosure for uncertainty in tax position, as defined, ASC 740 seeks to reduce the diversity in practice associated with certain aspect of the recognition and measurement related to accounting for income taxes. We adopted the provisions of ASC 740 as of October 2, 2008, and have analyzed filing positions in each of the federal and state jurisdictions where we are required to file income tax returns, as well as open tax years in these jurisdictions. We have identified the U.S. federal and California as our “major” tax jurisdictions and generally, we remain subject to Internal Revenue Service examination of our 2013 U.S. federal income tax returns. However, we have certain tax attribute carryforwards, which will remain subject to review and adjustment by the relevant tax authorities until the statute of limitations closes with respect to the year in which such attributes are utilized.

We believe that our income tax filing positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to our financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded pursuant to ASC 740. In addition, we did not record a cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASC 740. Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with income-based tax audits is to record such items as a component of income taxes. We have no interest or penalties as of June 30, 2015.

Stock based compensation

Stock based compensation cost to employees is measured at the date of grant, based on the calculated fair value of the stock-based award, and will be recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the award). We estimate the fair value of employee stock options granted using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model. Key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options will include the exercise price of the award, the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant, the expected option term, the risk free interest rate at the date of grant, the expected volatility and the expected annual dividend yield on our common stock. We use our company’s own data among other information to estimate the expected price volatility and the expected forfeiture rate. Share-based compensation awards issued to non-employees for services rendered are recorded at either the fair value of the services rendered or the fair value of the share-based payment, whichever is more readily determinable.

Loss per share

Basic Earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similar to basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all the potential common shares, warrants and stock options had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted EPS is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options and warrants were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding options and warrants, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options and warrants are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later). 994,587 potential shares issuable upon conversion of convertible debts and 73,364 potential shares issuable upon exercising of warrants were excluded in calculating diluted loss per share for the year ended June 30, 2015 due to the fact that issuance of the shares is anti-dilutive as a result of the Company’s net loss.

Fair value of financial instruments

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1 - observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 - include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3 - unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The Company used Level 2 inputs for its valuation methodology for the derivative liabilities in determining the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumption inputs:

	June 30, 2015
Annual dividend yield		—
Expected life (years)		0.99
Risk-free interest rate		0.27	%
Expected volatility		377	%

	Carrying Value		Fair Value Measurements at
	As of		June 30, 2015
	June 30,		Using Fair Value Hierarchy
	2015		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	304,000	$	—	$	304,000	$	—
Total	$	304,000	$	—	$	304,000	$	—

	June 30, 2014
Annual dividend yield		—
Expected life (years)		1.29
Risk-free interest rate		0.16	%
Expected volatility		109	%

	Carrying Value		Fair Value Measurements at
	As of		June 30, 2014
	June 30,		Using Fair Value Hierarchy
	2014		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	228,237	$	—	$	228,237	$	—
Total	$	228,237	$	—	$	228,237	$	—

Derivative instruments

The fair value of derivative instruments is recorded and shown separately under current liabilities. Changes in the fair value of derivatives liability are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations under non-operating income (expense).

Our Company evaluates all of its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations. For stock-based derivative financial instruments, the Company uses a weighted average Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to value the derivative instruments at inception and on subsequent valuation dates. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Refer to Note 6 for details.

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting”, requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting.  The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing performance.  Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company.

FASB ASC Topic 280 has no effect on the Company’s financial statements as substantially all of its operations are conducted in one industry segment – paper and paper-based products such as paper cups, cup lids, food containers, etc.

New accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The amendments is ASU 2014-15 are intended to define management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this standard are effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We are evaluating the effect, if any; adoption of ASU No. 2014-15 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity. The amendments in ASU 2014-16 clarifies how current U.S. GAAP should be interpreted in evaluating the economic characteristics and risks of a host contract in a hybrid financial instrument that is issued in the form of a share. The amendments clarify that an entity should consider all relevant terms and features, including the embedded derivative feature being evaluated for bifurcation, in evaluating the nature of the host contract. The amendments in this standard are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. We are evaluating the effect, if any; adoption of ASU No. 2014-16 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-17, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Pushdown Accounting. The amendments in ASU 2014-17 provide an acquired entity with an option to apply pushdown accounting in its separate financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. The amendment in this standard is effective on November 18, 2014. After the effective date, an acquired entity can make an election to apply the guidance to future change-in-control events or to its most recent change-in-control event. We are evaluating the effect, if any; adoption of ASU No. 2014-17 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. The amendments in ASU 2015-02 are intended to improve targeted areas of consolidation guidance for legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures. The amendment in this standard is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. We are evaluating the effect, if any, adoption of ASU No. 2015-02 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.