Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2012

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

12. Income Taxes

In the three months ending March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company only recorded tax expense related to state franchise taxes and the Company did not report income tax expense due to the availability of deferred tax assets to offset any taxable income in the US and the UK.  The Company has established a full valuation allowance against the Company's deferred tax assets based on an assessment that the criteria that deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized is not yet met.  During the three months ending March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company's effective tax rates were de minimus.  The difference between the Company's effective tax rates and the 35% US federal statutory tax rate and the UK's statutory tax rate resulted primarily from a tax benefit related to a reduction in the federal and state deferred tax asset valuation allowance.

Our major tax jurisdictions are (i) US (federal), (ii) California (state), (iii) New York (state) and (iv) UK.  Tax returns remain open to examination by the applicable governmental authorities for tax years 2006 through 2011.  The federal and state taxing authorities may choose to audit tax returns for prior years due to significant tax attribute carryforwards for those prior years.  However, such audits will be limited to adjustments to such carryforward tax attributes.  The Company is not currently being audited in any major tax jurisdiction.