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Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2013

ScanSource, Inc. is a leading international wholesale distributor of specialty technology products. ScanSource, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("the Company") provide value-added distribution services for technology manufacturers and sell to resellers in the following specialty technology markets: POS and Barcode, Communications, and Physical Security.

The Company operates in North America, Latin America, and Europe and uses centralized distribution centers for major geographic regions. The Company distributes to the United States and Canada from its Southaven, Mississippi distribution center; to Latin America principally from distribution centers located in Florida, Mexico and Brazil; and to Europe from its distribution center in Belgium.

Consolidation Policy

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, contingent consideration, and inventory reserves. Management bases its estimates on assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form a basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions; however, management believes that its estimates, including those for the above described items, are reasonable and that the actual results will not vary significantly from the estimated amounts.

Allowances for Trade and Notes Receivable

The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make payments on accounts receivable due to the Company.

Management determines the estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable by considering a number of factors, including: (1) historical experience, (2) aging of the accounts receivable, (3) specific information obtained by the Company on the financial condition and the current creditworthiness of its customers, and (4) the current economic and country specific environment. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate and reduce the ability of the Company’s customers to make payments on their accounts, the Company may be required to increase its allowance by recording additional bad debt expense. Likewise, should the financial condition of the Company’s customers improve and result in payments or settlements of previously reserved amounts, the Company may be required to record a reduction in bad debt expense to reverse the recorded allowance.

Inventory Reserves

Management determines the inventory reserves required to reduce inventories to the lower of cost or market based principally on the effects of technological changes, quantities of goods and length of time on hand, and other factors. An estimate is made of the market value, less cost to dispose, of products whose value is determined to be impaired. If these products are ultimately sold at less than estimated amounts, additional reserves may be required. The estimates used to calculate these reserves are applied consistently. The adjustments are recorded in the period in which the loss of utility of the inventory occurs, which establishes a new cost basis for the inventory. This new cost basis is maintained until such time that the reserved inventory is disposed of, returned to the vendor or sold. To the extent that specifically reserved inventory is sold, cost of goods sold is expensed for the new cost basis of the inventory sold.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

We have restated the presentation of borrowings and repayments on revolving credit and debt issuance costs in the statements of cash flows for the twelve months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. Related amounts had previously been presented on a net basis, rather than on a gross basis in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 230. The correction had no effect on net cash used in financing activities, and the gross amounts have historically been disclosed in the debt footnote.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the Company made an immaterial correction to amounts presented in its balance sheet at June 30, 2012 to reflect the accounting for sales returns.

Reorganization and Segment changes

Historically, the Company's reporting units coincided with its geographic business segments of North America and International. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company reorganized its management structure and reporting segments to globally leverage the Company's leadership in specific technology markets. As part of this new structure, the Company created two technology business operating segments: Worldwide Barcode & Security ("Barcode/Security") and Worldwide Communications & Services ("Communications/Services"). Each operating segment is managed around its global technology focus and is supported by its centralized infrastructure, including distribution centers and back office operations. Each operating segment has its own management team led by a president and includes regional presidents within the operating group who manage the various functions within each segment. Decisions and planning for the Company as a whole are made at the corporate level by analyzing results from the operating segments. These technology business segments replace the geographic segments previously used, and the Company has retrospectively reclassified the consolidated financial statements to conform to the new presentation.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains some zero-balance, disbursement accounts at various financial institutions in which the Company does not maintain significant depository relationships. Due to the nature of the Company’s banking relationships with these institutions, the Company does not have the right to offset most if not all outstanding checks written from these accounts against cash on hand. Checks released but not yet cleared from these accounts in the amounts of $65.9 million and $48.2 million are classified as accounts payable as of June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively.

The Company maintains its cash with various financial institutions globally that are monitored regularly for credit quality and holds amounts in excess of FDIC or other insured limits.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company sells its products to a large base of value-added resellers throughout North America, Latin America and Europe. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. In certain cases, the Company will accept tangible assets as collateral to increase the trade credit of its customers. No single customer accounted for more than 6% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal year 2013, 2012, or 2011.

The Company has established arrangements with certain customers for longer-term financing. The Company accounts for these arrangements by recording them at their historical cost less specific allowances at balance sheet dates. Interest income is recognized in the period earned and is recorded as interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative instruments to manage certain exposures related to foreign currency and changes in interest rates in connection with borrowing activities. We record all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet at fair value. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company’s foreign currency exposure results from purchasing and selling internationally in several foreign currencies and intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the Company has foreign currency risk related to debt that is denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company's foreign currencies are denominated primarily by British pounds, euros, Mexican pesos, Brazilian real and Canadian dollars.

The Company may reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions through the use of derivative financial instruments. The market risk related to the foreign exchange agreements is offset by changes in the valuation of the underlying items. These contracts are generally for a duration of 90 days or less. The Company has elected not to designate its foreign currency contracts as hedging instruments. They are, therefore, marked-to-market with changes in their fair value recorded in the Consolidated Income Statement each period. Derivative financial instruments related to foreign currency exposure are accounted for on an accrual basis with gains or losses on these contracts recorded in income in the period in which their value changes, with the offsetting entry for unsettled positions reflected in either other assets or other liabilities.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008, the Company entered into an interest rate swap and designated this instrument as a hedge of the cash flows on certain variable rate debt. The interest rate swap matured on September 28, 2011. To the extent the derivative instrument was effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument were not included in earnings in fiscal 2012, but were reported as other comprehensive income (loss). There was no ineffective portion to be recorded as an adjustment to earnings. No other interest rate swap agreements were executed or outstanding for fiscal year 2013, 2012, or 2011.

Investments

The Company has investments that are held in a grantor trust formed by the Company related to the ScanSource, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan and Founder’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP"). The Company has classified these investments as trading securities, and they are recorded at fair market value with unrealized gains and losses included in the accompanying Consolidated Income Statements. The Company’s obligations under this deferred compensation plan change in concert with the performance of the investments along with contributions and withdrawals to and from the plan. The fair value of these investments and the corresponding deferred compensation obligation was $13.8 million and $11.6 million as of June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively. These investments are classified as either current assets or other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets depending on the timing of planned disbursements. The deferred compensation obligation is classified either within current liabilities or other long-term liabilities as well. The amounts of these investments classified as current assets with corresponding current liabilities were $1.6 million and $1.2 million at June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2012, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories (consisting entirely of finished goods) are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market.

Vendor Programs

The Company receives incentives from vendors related to cooperative advertising allowances, volume rebates and other incentive agreements. These incentives are generally under quarterly, semi-annual or annual agreements with the vendors. Some of these incentives are negotiated on an ad hoc basis to support specific programs mutually developed between the Company and the vendor. Vendors generally require that we use their cooperative advertising allowances exclusively for advertising or other marketing programs. Incentives received from vendors for specifically identified incremental cooperative advertising programs are recorded as adjustments to selling, general and administrative expenses. The Financial Accounting Standards Board’s ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605 – Revenue Recognition, addresses accounting by a customer (including a reseller) for certain consideration received from a vendor. This guidance requires that the portion of these vendor funds in excess of our costs be reflected as a reduction of inventory. Such funds are recognized as a reduction of the cost of products sold when the related inventory is sold.

The Company records unrestricted volume rebates received as a reduction of inventory and as a reduction of the cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. Amounts received or receivables from vendors that are not yet earned are deferred in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company may receive early payment discounts from certain vendors. The Company records early payment discounts received as a reduction of inventory and recognizes the discount as a reduction of cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. ASC 605 requires management to make certain estimates of the amounts of vendor incentives that will be received. Actual recognition of the vendor consideration may vary from management estimates based on actual results.

Vendor Concentration

The Company sells products from many vendors, however, sales from products supplied by Motorola and Avaya each constituted more than 10% of the Company’s net sales for years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Product Warranty

The Company’s vendors generally provide a warranty on the products distributed by the Company and allow the Company to return defective products, including those that have been returned to the Company by its customers. In two of our product lines, the Company offers a self-branded warranty program, in which Management has determined that the Company is the primary obligor of these programs. The Company purchases contracts from unrelated third parties, generally the original equipment manufacturers, to fulfill any obligation to service or replace defective product claimed on these warranty programs. As such, the Company has not recorded a provision for estimated service warranty costs. For all other product lines, the Company does not independently provide a warranty on the products it distributes; however, to maintain customer relations, the Company facilitates returns of defective products from the Company’s customers by accepting for exchange, with the Company’s prior approval, most defective products within 30 days of invoicing.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years for furniture, equipment and computer software, 40 years for buildings and 15 years for building improvements. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to expense as incurred. Additions, major renewals and betterments to property and equipment are capitalized. The compensation costs of employees associated with the development of internal-use software are capitalized to the construction in process asset related to that project.

To the extent that the Company has longstanding, "in-process" projects that have not been implemented for their intended operational use, the Company capitalizes the portion of interest expense incurred during the asset's acquisition period that theoretically could have been avoided in accordance with ASC 835. The amount capitalized is determined by applying the appropriate capitalization rate to the average amount of accumulated expenditures for the asset during the reporting period. The capitalization rate used is based on the rates applicable to borrowings outstanding during the reporting period.

Goodwill

The Company accounts for recorded goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which requires that goodwill is reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Goodwill testing utilizes a two-step impairment analysis, whereby the Company compares the carrying value of each identified reporting unit to its fair value. The carrying value of goodwill is reviewed at a reporting unit level at least annually for impairment, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Our goodwill reporting units are primarily based on geography, one level below our Worldwide Barcode & Security segment and Communications & Services segment. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using the net present value of discounted cash flows generated by each reporting unit. Considerable judgment is necessary in estimating future cash flows, discount rates and other factors affecting the estimated fair value of the reporting units, including the operating and macroeconomic factors. Historical financial information, internal plans and projections, and industry information are used in making such estimates.

In the two-step impairment analysis, goodwill is first tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with the reporting unit's carrying amount to identify any potential impairment. If fair value is determined to be less than carrying value, a second step is used whereby the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill, determined through a hypothetical purchase price allocation, is compared with the carrying amount of the reporting units' goodwill. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge is recorded in current earnings for the difference. We also assess the recoverability of goodwill if facts and circumstances indicate goodwill may be impaired. In our most recent annual test, we estimated the fair value of our reporting units primarily based on the income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method. We also utilized fair value estimates derived from the market approach utilizing the public company market multiple method to validate the results of the discounted cash flow method, which required us to make assumptions about the applicability of those multiples to our reporting units. The discounted cash flow method required us to estimate future cash flows and discount those amounts to present value. The key assumptions utilized in determining fair value included:


•	Industry weighted-average cost of capital ("WACC"): We utilized a WACC relative to each reporting unit's respective geography and industry as the discount rate for estimated future cash flows. The WACC is intended to represent a rate of return that would be expected by a market place participant in each respective geography.


•	Operating income: We utilized historical and expected revenue growth rates, gross margins and operating expense percentages, which varied based on the projections of each reporting unit being evaluated.


•	Cash flows from working capital changes: We utilized a projected cash flow impact pertaining to expected changes in working capital as each of our goodwill reporting units grow.

See Note 5 - Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets to the consolidated financial statements for more information regarding goodwill and the results of our testing.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names, distributor agreements and non-compete agreements. Customer relationships and distributor agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 5 to 15 years. Trade names are amortized over a period ranging from 1 to 2 years. Non-compete agreements are amortized over their contract life.

Debt issuance costs are amortized over the term of the credit facility.

These assets are included in other assets and are shown in detail in Note 5, Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets and Debt Issuance Costs.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Tests for recoverability of a long-lived asset to be held and used are measured by comparing the carrying amount of the long-lived asset to the sum of the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. In estimating the future undiscounted cash flows we use projections of cash flows directly associated with, and which are expected to arise as a direct result of, the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If it is determined that a long-lived asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss would be calculated equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset over its fair value.

In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company decided not to proceed with the development of the Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") project using the Microsoft Dynamics AX software and wrote off substantially all of the total $28.8 million in capitalized expenses related to the original project. The non-cash charge recorded of $28.2 million before the effect of income taxes ($18.0 million net of the income tax impact), included software development costs, hardware, software interfaces and other related costs. Prior to the write-off, the capitalized software was included in property and equipment at cost on the consolidated balance sheet. The remaining balance of approximately $0.6 million is expected to be placed in service. See Note 3 - Property and Equipment for further discussion regarding our ERP project. The Company did not record any material impairment charges for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying values of financial instruments such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, borrowings under the revolving credit facility and subsidiary lines of credit approximate fair value based upon either short maturities or variable interest rates of these instruments. For additional information related to the fair value of derivatives, please see Note 8 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments.

Liability for Contingent Consideration

In addition to the initial cash consideration paid to former CDC shareholders, the Company is obligated to make additional earnout payments based on future results through fiscal year 2015 based on a multiple of the subsidiary’s pro forma net income as defined in Exhibit 2.1.(b)(2) of the Share Purchase and Sale Agreement by and among the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary, the former shareholders and CDC, dated April 7, 2011. Future payments are to be paid in Brazilian currency, the real. The Company has made its first two payments to the former shareholders totaling $6.8 million. The next payment is anticipated to be made on August 31, 2013, based on the pro forma results of the twelve month period ended June 30, 2013. The remaining earnout payments will become payable on August 31, 2014 and a final payment on October 31, 2015. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, the Company determined the fair value of this liability for contingent consideration on the acquisition date using a discounted cash flow model following the income approach. Each period the Company reflects the contingent consideration liability at fair value with changes recorded in the change in fair value of contingent consideration line item in the Consolidated Income Statements.

Contingencies

The Company accrues for contingent obligations, including estimated legal costs, when it is probable that a liability is incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. As facts concerning contingencies become known, management reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to the financial statements. Estimates that are particularly sensitive to future changes include tax, legal, and other regulatory matters, which are subject to change as events evolve, and as additional information becomes available during the administrative and litigation process.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized once four criteria are met: (1) the Company must have persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists; (2) delivery must occur (this includes the transfer of both title and risk of loss, provided that no significant obligations remain); (3) the price must be fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability must be reasonably assured. The Company allows its customers to return product for exchange or credit subject to certain limitations.

Service revenue associated with configuration and marketing services is recognized when the work is complete and the four criteria discussed above have been substantially met. The Company also distributes third-party service contracts, typically for product maintenance and support. Since the Company acts as an agent on behalf of most of these service contracts sold, revenue is recognized net of cost at the time of sale. However, the Company distributes some self-branded warranty programs and engages a third party (generally the original equipment manufacturer) to cover the fulfillment of any obligations arising from these contracts. These revenues and associated third party costs are amortized over the life of the contract and presented in net sales and cost of goods sold, respectively. Other service revenue associated with configuration, marketing, service contracts and other services approximates 2% or less of consolidated net sales for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011.

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not engaged in any sales transactions involving multiple element arrangements.

Shipping Revenue and Costs

Shipping revenue is included in net sales, and related costs are included in cost of goods sold. Shipping revenue for the years ended June 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $12.1 million, $12.2 million and $11.5 million, respectively.

Advertising Costs

The Company defers advertising-related costs until the advertising is first run in trade or other publications, or in the case of brochures, until the brochures are printed and available for distribution. Advertising costs, included in marketing costs, after vendor reimbursement, were not significant in any of the three fiscal years ended June 30, 2013. Deferred advertising costs at June 30, 2013 and 2012 were also not significant.

Foreign Currency

The currency effects of translating the financial statements of the Company’s foreign entities that operate in their local currency are included in the cumulative currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The Company's functional currencies include dollars, euros, British pounds and Brazilian real. The assets and liabilities of these foreign entities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the respective period. Sales, costs and expenses are translated at average exchange rates effective during the respective period. Foreign currency transactional and re-measurement gains and losses are included in other expense (income) in the Consolidated Income Statements. Such amounts are not significant to any of the periods presented.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect tax consequences on future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an asset will not be realized in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. During the year, the Company reviewed and modified its policy toward permanently reinvested foreign earnings. The Company has provided for U.S. income taxes for the current earnings of its Canadian subsidiary. Earnings from all other geographies will continue to be considered retained indefinitely for reinvestment. The tax effect of this accounting policy change is immaterial to the financial statements. See Note 11 - Income Taxes for further discussion.

Additionally, the Company maintains reserves for uncertain tax provisions in accordance with ASC 740. See Note 11 - Income Taxes for more information.

Share-Based Payments

The Company accounts for share-based compensation using the provisions of ASC 718, Accounting for Stock Compensation, which requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation. Share-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the awards, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718. Since this compensation cost is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company has elected to expense grants of awards with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award.

Comprehensive Income

ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, defines comprehensive income as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The primary components of comprehensive income for the Company include net income, foreign currency translation adjustments arising from the consolidation of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, and any unrealized gains or losses on effectively hedged transactions, net of tax. Currently, the Company is not engaged in any cash flow hedges that qualify for hedge accounting.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. ASC 805 establishes principles and requirements for recognizing the total consideration transferred to and the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any non-controlling interest in the acquired target in a business combination. ASC 805 also provides guidance for recognizing and measuring goodwill acquired in a business combination and requires the acquirer to disclose information that users may need to evaluate and understand the financial impact of the business combination. See Note 4 - Acquisitions for further discussion.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Effective for interim and annual reporting periods for fiscal 2013, the Company has implemented Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The objective of this update is to improve the comparability, consistency and transparency of financial reporting and to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income. This update eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity or in a separate footnote and requires companies to present all nonowner changes in shareholders’ equity either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The Company has elected to present a separate Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Effective for the annual goodwill impairment testing during fiscal 2013, the Company has implemented ASU 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment . The amendments in the update permit an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC Topic 350. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50 percent.