Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

oss from continuing operations before benefit for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Loss before (provision) benefit for income taxes and share of net income from joint venture
United States	$	(69,866	)	$	(263,499	)	$	(71,603	)
Foreign	18,167			1,489			11,396
Total	$	(51,699	)	$	(262,010	)	$	(60,207	)

otal income tax benefit recognized in each year.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Current taxes:
U.S. Federal	$	(6,805	)	$	6,819		$	(47,916	)
State	871			1,103			(12,745		)
Foreign	5,770			3,086			4,310
Total current tax expense (benefit)	(164		)	11,008			(56,351		)
Deferred taxes:
U.S. Federal	$	(4,096	)	$	(17,773	)	$	(25,017	)
State	(2,510		)	(780		)	3,009
Deferred tax valuation allowance	4,612			(3,565		)	710
Foreign	(1,119		)	(2,303		)	(1,896		)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)	(3,113		)	(24,421		)	(23,194		)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	(3,277	)	$	(13,413	)	$	(79,545	)

reconciliation of income taxes based on the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
U.S federal statutory income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
Change in valuation allowance, exclusive of state	1.2	%	(0.9	)%	(1.2	)%
Foreign tax credits, exclusive of tax reform	—	%	—	%	(13.5	)%
State taxes, net of federal taxes, exclusive of tax reform	(8.0	)%	0.4	%	8.9	%
Non-U.S. earnings taxed at different rates	1.0	%	1.3	%	1.6	%
Non-deductible mergers and acquisitions costs	—	%	(0.2	)%	—	%
GILTI	(0.8	)%	(0.5	)%	—	%
Goodwill impairment	—	%	(14.1	)%	—	%
Nondeductible asset loss	(1.3	)%	(0.1	)%	(0.8	)%
Research and development tax credit	3.1	%	0.3	%	0.3	%
Change in uncertain tax positions	2.6	%	0.1	%	0.5	%
Impact of tax reform:
Toll charge, net of foreign tax credit	—	%	0.6	%	(11.3	)%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes pursuant to tax reform	—	%	(0.9	)%	64.1	%
Tax reform impact on divestiture of business segment	—	%	—	%	33.2	%
Impact of 2019 Treasury regulations	(11.5	)%	—	%	—	%
Section 199 domestic production deduction	—	%	—	%	0.7	%
Divestiture of business segment, exclusive of tax reform	—	%	(0.9	)%	13.3	%
Return to provision	1.3	%	(0.8	)%	—	%
Other adjustments, net	(2.3	)%	(0.2	)%	1.3	%
Effective tax rate	6.3	%	5.1	%	132.1	%

The following table summarizes the principal components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities.



	As of December 31,
	2019			2018
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax in excess of book depreciation	$	44,834		$	37,425
Intangible assets	73,405			80,623
Operating lease liabilities	17,527			—
Other deferred tax liabilities	4,857			794
Total deferred income tax liabilities	140,623			118,842
Deferred income tax assets:
Interest expense limitation	14,674			9,968
Goodwill	304			1,441
Inventories	3,466			2,745
Interest rate swap	2,839			—
Pension/Personnel accruals	495			1,317
Operating lease right-of-use assets	19,313			—
Net operating loss carry forwards	15,876			9,321
U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards	3,360			5,345
R&D credit carryforwards	2,654			917
Non-U.S. credit carryforwards	3,313			4,130
Accruals and reserves	2,299			1,531
Other deferred tax assets	5,264			4,749
Deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance	73,857			41,464
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	(19,033		)	(14,460		)
Total deferred income tax assets	54,824			27,004
Net deferred income tax liabilities	$	85,799		$	91,838

reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties.



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,609		$	5,655		$	4,741
Additions for tax positions of prior years	—			304			1,404
Settlements for tax positions of prior years	(275		)	—			—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(1,745		)	(1,350		)	(490		)
Balance at end of year	$	2,589		$	4,609		$	5,655