Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 while the reported results for 2017 and 2016 were prepared under the guidance of ASC 605. The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that will more closely align revenue recognition with the delivery of our goods and will provide financial statement readers with enhanced disclosures. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods. To the extent that transaction price includes variable consideration, we estimate the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in management’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will occur.

Revenue is recognized when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services.

The following tables summarize sales to external customers by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	Mobile Solutions		Power Solutions		Life Sciences		Intersegment Sales Eliminations			Total
United States	$	187,178	$	157,357	$	206,776	$	(2,331	)	$	548,980
China	43,610		5,537		6,130		—			55,277
Mexico	27,053		12,254		191		—			39,498
Brazil	35,314		215		29		—			35,558
Germany	5,652		26		19,870		—			25,548
Switzerland	5,006		54		6,446		—			11,506
Poland	7,010		13		8		—			7,031
Italy	5,558		221		317		—			6,096
Czech Republic	6,131		47		—		—			6,178
Netherlands	—		3,290		—		—			3,290
Other	12,525		10,764		8,406		—			31,695
Total net sales	$	335,037	$	189,778	$	248,173	$	(2,331	)	$	770,657



	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	Mobile Solutions		Power Solutions		Life Sciences		Intersegment Sales Eliminations			Total
United States	$	190,828	$	152,938	$	96,062	$	(1,990	)	$	437,838
China	45,503		6,481		267		—			52,251
Mexico	26,639		14,220		78		—			40,937
Brazil	35,425		185		—		—			35,610
Germany	5,502		11		35		—			5,548
Switzerland	5,450		—		—		—			5,450
Poland	5,183		—		—		—			5,183
Italy	5,347		334		—		—			5,681
Czech Republic	—		—		—		—			—
Netherlands	—		2,817		—		—			2,817
Other	16,975		9,616		1,887		—			28,478
Total net sales	$	336,852	$	186,602	$	98,329	$	(1,990	)	$	619,793



	Year Ended December 31, 2016
	Mobile Solutions		Power Solutions		Life Sciences		Intersegment Sales Eliminations			Total
United States	$	196,217	$	134,564	$	78,707	$	(1,571	)	$	407,917
China	44,579		8,131		403		—			53,113
Mexico	24,919		20,944		—		—			45,863
Brazil	23,801		458		—		—			24,259
Germany	4,497		8		35		—			4,540
Switzerland	—		—		—		—			—
Poland	—		—		—		—			—
Italy	5,027		322		—		—			5,349
Czech Republic	—		—		—		—			—
Netherlands	—		1,882		—		—			1,882
Other	27,098		14,021		912		—			42,031
Total net sales	$	326,138	$	180,330	$	80,057	$	(1,571	)	$	584,954

Product Sales

We generally transfer control and recognize a sale when we ship the product from our manufacturing facility to our customer, at a point in time, as this is when our customer obtains the ability to direct use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the goods. We have elected to recognize the cost for freight and shipping when control over products has transferred to the customer as a component of cost of sales.

We use an observable price to determine the stand-alone selling price for separate performance obligations or a cost-plus-margin approach when an observable price is not available. The expected duration of our contracts is one year or less, and we have elected to apply the practical expedient that allows entities to disregard the effects of financing when the contract length is less than one year. The amount of consideration we receive and the revenue we recognize varies with volume rebates and incentives we offer to our customers. We estimate the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in our judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

We have utilized certain practical expedients allowed by the new standard. We utilize the portfolio approach practical expedient to evaluate sales-related discounts on a portfolio basis to contracts with similar characteristics. The effect on our financial statements of applying the portfolio approach would not differ materially from applying the new standard to individual contracts.

We give our customers the right to return only defective products in exchange for functioning products or rework of the product. These transactions are evaluated and accounted for under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees, and we estimate the impact to the transaction price based on an analysis of historical experience.

Other Sources of Revenue

We provide pre-production activities related to engineering efforts to develop molds, dies, and machines that are owned by our customers. We may receive advance payments from customers which are deferred until satisfying our performance obligations by compliance with customer-specified milestones, recognizing revenue at a point in time. These contracts generally have an original expected duration of less than one year.

The following table provides information about contract liabilities from contracts with customers.



	Deferred Revenue
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	2,124
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	2,974

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable and customer advances and deposits (e.g. contract liability) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These contract liabilities are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue relates to payments received in advance of performance under the contract and recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract. Changes in the contract liability balances during the year ended December 31, 2018, were not materially impacted by any other factors. Revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2018, from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period for performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied during the year ended December 31, 2018, was approximately $1.9 million.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations

ASC 606 requires that we disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of December 31, 2018. The guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement. Our contracts meet the following practical expedient provided by ASC 606:


•	The performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we expensed commissions paid to internal sales representative for obtaining contracts. Under ASC 606, we adopted the practical expedient to recognize commissions paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to obtaining customer contracts as an expense when incurred since the amortization period is less than one year. The judgments made in determining the amount of costs incurred included whether the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Costs to obtain a contract are expressed as selling, general and administrative expense.

Sales, VAT, and other taxes we collect concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Incidental items that are immaterial in the context of the contract are recognized as expense.

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

The following table presents the impact of adoption of ASC 606 on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Differences are due to the acceleration in the recognition of revenue to the point of shipment or delivery for contracts where an unconditional obligation to purchase is present for inventory that was considered in consignment under ASC 605.



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	As Reported			Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606			Effect of Change
Net sales	$	770,657		$	770,654		$	3
Cost of sales	588,205			588,202			3
Income (loss) from operations	(178,888		)	(178,888		)	—



	As of December 31, 2018
	As Reported		Balances Without Adoption of ASC 606		Effect of Change
Accounts receivable, net	$	133,421	$	132,810	$	611
Inventories	122,615		122,988		(373		)