3) Restructuring, Impairment and Integration Charges, excluding Goodwill Impairments, and Divestitures

Restructuring and integration costs totaling $10.0 million and $7.3 million were recognized in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, comprised of initiatives impacting each of our segments.

Within the Precision Bearing Components Group, restructuring initiatives to optimize operations in the U.S., Italy, the Netherlands, Mexico and at segment headquarters resulted in a charge of $4.4 and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These charges consisted primarily of severance and other employee costs relating to personnel reductions.

Within the Autocam Precision Components Group, certain restructuring programs, including the closure of one facility, the Wheeling Plant, resulted in a charge of $4.3 and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These charges consisted of severance costs of $0.8 million, fixed asset impairment of $0.3 million and site closure costs of $3.2 million for 2016.

Within the Precision Engineered Products (“PEP”) Group, initiatives resulted in integration, site closure and employee costs of $1.3 and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Within the Corporate and Consolidated Segment, a charge of $1.8 million was incurred for an accounting and reporting system that was ultimately never deployed and abandoned for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The following table summarizes restructuring and integration activity related to actions incurred for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:


	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2016		2015
Severance and other employee costs	$	5,776	$	2,019
Site closure and other associated costs		3,970		4,399
Integration and other associated costs		278		850

Total	$	10,024	$	7,268


	Reserve							Reserve
	Balance at				Paid in			Balance at
	December 31, 2015		Charges		2016			December 31, 2016
Severance and other employee costs	$	2,517	$	5,776	$	(5,274	)	$	3,019
Site closure and other associated costs		1,845		3,970		(4,189	)		1,626
Integration and other associated costs		—		278		(278	)		—

Total	$	4,362	$	10,024	$	(9,741	)	$	4,645


	Reserve				Paid in			Reserve
	Balance at				Paid in			Balance at
	December 31, 2014		Charges		2015			December 31, 2015
Severance and other employee costs	$	—	$	2,691	$	(174	)	$	2,517
Site closure and other associated costs		—		1,925	$	(80	)		1,845
Impairment and write-off charges		—		2,652	$	—			—
Integration and other associated costs		—		—		—			—

Total	$	—	$	7,268	$	(254	)	$	4,362

The total restructuring and impairment costs are still being identified at the various segments; therefore, we are not able to estimate the ultimate costs at this time. We will include in future filings updates to these activities along with a reconciliation of beginning and ending liabilities recorded. The amounts recorded for the year ended December 31, 2016 for restructuring charges that have been incurred are primarily expected to be paid out during 2017. Some amounts related to foreign locations extend through 2021.