Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices [Abstract]

Description of Business

a) Description of Business

NN, Inc. (“NN”, “the Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) is a manufacturer of precision balls, cylindrical and tapered rollers, bearing retainers, plastic injection molded products, precision bearing seals and precision metal components. Our balls, rollers, retainers, and bearing seals are used primarily in the domestic and international anti-friction bearing industry. Our plastic injection molded products are used in the bearing components, automotive components, electronic instrument cases and other molded components used in a variety of applications. The precision metal components products are used in the HVAC, automotive, fluid power and diesel engine industries.

Cash

b) Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents.

Inventories

c) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Our policy is to expense abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling cost, and waste. In addition, we allocate fixed production overheads based on the normal production capacity of our facilities. Inventory valuations were developed using normalized production capacities for each of our manufacturing locations and the costs from excess capacity or under-utilization of fixed production overheads were expensed in the period incurred and are not included as a component of inventory valuation.

Inventories also include tools, molds and dies in progress that we are producing and will ultimately sell to our customers. This activity is principally related to our Plastic and Rubber Components and Precision Metal Components Segments. These inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market.

Property, Plant and Equipment

d) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets to be disposed of are stated at lower of depreciated cost or fair market value less estimated selling costs. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. When a property item is retired, its cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the statements of comprehensive income (loss). We review the carrying values of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Property, plant and equipment includes tools, molds and dies principally used in our Plastic and Rubber Components and Precision Metal Components Segments that are our property.

Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets for financial reporting purposes. For leasehold improvements and buildings under capital lease, we depreciate these over the shorter of useful lives or the lease term. In the event we abandon and cease to use certain property, plant, and equipment, depreciation estimates are revised and, in most cases, depreciation expense will be accelerated to reflect the shortened useful life of the asset.

Revenue Recognition

e) Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenues based on the stated shipping terms with customers when these terms are satisfied and the risks of ownership are transferred to the customers. We have an inventory management program for certain Metal Bearing Components Segment customers whereby revenue is recognized when products are used by customers from consigned stock, rather than at the time of shipment. Under both circumstances, revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sellers’ price is fixed and determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.

Accounts Receivable

f) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded upon recognition of a sale of goods and ownership and risk of loss is assumed by the customer. Substantially all of our accounts receivable are due primarily from the core served markets. In establishing allowances for doubtful accounts, we perform credit evaluations of our customers, considering numerous inputs when available including the customers’ financial position, past payment history, relevant industry trends, cash flows, management capability, historical loss experience and economic conditions and prospects. Accounts receivable are written off or allowances established when considered to be uncollectible or at risk of being uncollectible, respectively.

Income Taxes

g) Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we reversed the full valuation allowances against the net deferred tax assets of all of our U.S. operations. This decision was based on the much improved financial performance of our U.S. based units in 2012 and the resulting utilization of a significant portion of our U.S. net operating losses during 2012. The Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, reflected full valuation allowances against the net deferred tax assets of all our U.S. operations. Based upon the negative financial performance for our combined U.S. locations during the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, we determined that there was a likelihood at that time these locations would be unable to generate sufficient profits in the near future to allow realization of existing deferred tax assets.

We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the income tax provision.

Net Income Per Common Share

h) Net Income Per Common Share

Basic income per share reflects reported earnings divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted income per share include the effect of dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock (if any) and the respective tax benefits, unless inclusion would not be dilutive.

Share Based Compensation

i) Share Based Compensation

The cost of stock options and stock awards are expensed as compensation expense over the vesting periods based on the fair value at the grant date. (See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements) We use the Black Scholes financial pricing model to determine the fair value of our stock options as our options are not traded in open markets.

We account for stock awards by recognizing compensation expense ratably over the vesting period as specified in the award. Compensation expense to be recognized is based on the stock price at date of grant.

Principles of Consolidation

j) Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NN, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All of our subsidiaries are 100% owned and all are included in the consolidated financial statements for the years end December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 with the exception of our German subsidiary, as discussed below. All significant inter-company profits, transactions, and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Due to the impacts of the global economic recession and the resulting reduction in revenue and operating losses, our wholly owned German subsidiary, Kugelfertigung Eltmann GbmH (“Eltmann” or “Eltmann Plant”), sustained a significant weakening of its financial condition. As a result, it became insolvent at which point it was required to file for bankruptcy under German bankruptcy law. The filing was made in the bankruptcy court in Germany on January 20, 2011. As of this date, NN lost the ability to control or manage Eltmann as a result of the bankruptcy court trustee taking over effective control and day to day management of this subsidiary. As a result of loss of control of this subsidiary, NN deconsolidated the assets and liabilities of Eltmann from our Consolidated Financial Statements effective January 20, 2011.

We were informed that in early April 2011, the bankruptcy trustee sold the majority of the production assets of Eltmann to a non-affiliated manufacturing company. It is our understanding that the remaining assets and liabilities of Eltmann will be liquidated sometime in the future by the bankruptcy court. NN does not expect any further significant impact on our consolidated financial statements as a result of the liquidation of this subsidiary.

The following table summarizes the effects of the deconsolidation of Eltmann effective January 20, 2011 on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

Cash	$	(979	)
Accounts receivable		(3,388	)
Inventory		(2,407	)
Other assets		(193	)
Property, plant and equipment		(1,343	)
Reduction of total assets	$	(8,310	)
Accounts payable		(1,738	)
Accrued salaries		(1,500	)
Accrued pension		(5,623	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		551
Reduction of total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	(8,310	)
Net impact from deconsolidation of bankrupt subsidiary	$	—

The deconsolidation of the amounts above were not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Foreign Currency Translation

k) Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates, while revenue, costs and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity. In addition, transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are initially recorded at the current exchange rate at the date of the transaction. The balances are adjusted to the current exchange rate as of each balance sheet date and as of the date when the transaction is consummated. Transaction gains or losses, excluding intercompany loan transactions, are expensed in either cost of products sold or selling, general and administrative lines in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as incurred and were immaterial to the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010. Transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions are recognized in the other income, net line in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as incurred.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets

l) Goodwill and Other Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets

We recognize the excess of the purchase price of an acquired entity over the fair value of the net identifiable assets as goodwill. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis as of October 1 and between annual tests if a triggering event occurs. The impairment procedures are performed at the reporting unit level for the one reporting unit that still has goodwill. In September 2011, the FASB issued a revised accounting standard, intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a “qualitative” assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. Specifically, an entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the current two-step test. If an entity believes, as a result of its qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is required. Otherwise, no further testing is required. This standard is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011 with early adoption permitted. We adopted this standard in the fourth quarter of 2011 concurrent with our annual impairment test. In assessing the qualitative factors, we consider the impact of the following key factors and their effect on the reporting unit, budget to actual performance, economic, market and industry considerations such as automotive production rates in the geographic markets we serve, earnings multiples and cash flow from operations. For the year ended December 31, 2011, based on the qualitative assessment considering prior year results and current operating performance we determined it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit. For the year ended, December 31, 2012, we determined it was more appropriate to perform a full step 1 goodwill test, as discussed below. This decision was based on the current economic conditions in Europe and length of time since last step 1 test. The decision to perform a qualitative assessment or a complete step 1 analysis is an annual decision made by management based on several factors including those key factors considered in the qualitative assessment discussed above. Based on the result of the step 1 analysis fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit at December 31, 2012.

If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying value, U.S. GAAP prescribes a two-step process for testing for goodwill impairments. The first step is to determine if the carrying value of the reporting unit with goodwill is less than the related fair value of the reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined through use of discounted cash flow methods and market based multiples of earning and sales methods obtained from a grouping of comparable publicly trading companies. We believe this methodology of valuation is consistent with how market participants would value reporting units. The discount rate and market based multiples used are specifically developed for the units tested regarding the level of risk and end markets served. Even though we do use other observable inputs (Level 2 inputs) the calculation of fair value for goodwill would be most consistent with Level 3 inputs.

If the carrying value of the reporting unit including goodwill is less than fair value of the reporting unit, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is greater than fair value then the potential for impairment of goodwill exists. The potential impairment is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit among the assets and liabilities based on a purchase price allocation methodology as if the reporting unit was acquired in a business combination. The fair value of the goodwill is implied from this allocation and compared to the carrying value with an impairment loss recognized if the carrying value is greater than the implied fair value.

We base our fair value estimates, in large part, on management business plans and projected financial information which are subject to a high degree of management judgment and complexity. Actual results may differ from these projections and the differences may be material.

Our indefinite lived intangible asset is accounted for similarly to goodwill. This asset is tested for impairment at least annually by comparing the fair value to the carrying value, using the relief from royalty rate method, and if the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment charge is recognized for the difference. We elected to use Step 1 testing even though a qualitative approach was available to us.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of

m) Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of

Long-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long-lived tangible and intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is not recoverable the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated/amortized over its remaining useful live. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal. (See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

n) Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

o) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the our assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

p) Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2011, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance related to presentation of comprehensive income. The standards update is intended to help financial statement users better understand the causes of an entity’s change in financial position and results of operation. It is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2012. Since this new guidance affected disclosure requirements only, it did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

In July 2012, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance allowing companies to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If the conclusion is more-likely-than-not the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not impaired, then further action is not required. However, if the conclusion is otherwise, a quantitative impairment test described in ASC Topic 350 is required. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.