Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of Business	Nature of Business NN, Inc. is a diversified industrial company that combines in-depth materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies for a variety of end markets on a global basis. As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. We have 31 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.
Basis of Presentation	Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Except for per share data or as otherwise indicated, all U.S. dollar amounts presented in the tables in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NN, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We own a 49% interest in a joint venture which we account for using the equity method (see Note 9). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Accounting Standards Recently Adopted	Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, (“ASU 2019-12”) as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions and provides simplification to specific tax items to improve consistent application. This standard was effective for us beginning January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, ASU 2020-06 simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. In addition, ASU 2020-06 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exception. Further, for the diluted earnings-per-share calculation, the new guidance requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and generally requires entities to include the effect of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, among other things. We plan to adopt ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective adoption method. We do not anticipate that the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, (“ASU 2021-04”) which clarifies the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. Specifically, ASU 2021-04 requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant as an exchange of the original warrant. The difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of the warrant immediately before modification is then recognized as an issuance cost or discount of the related transaction. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-04 should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date. Either the full or modified retrospective adoption method is allowed. We do not have any equity-classified written call options that would be subject to this guidance. Therefore, we do not expect any impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, (“ASU 2021-10”) which requires business entities to provide certain annual disclosures when they have received government assistance and use a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy to other accounting guidance. Such disclosures include the nature of the transactions, significant terms and conditions, accounting policies, and affected financial statement line items. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-10 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are in the process of assessing the impact ASU 2021-10 may have on our annual disclosures.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We maintain cash balances in transaction accounts with various financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Although we maintain balances that exceed the federally insured limit, we have not experienced any losses related to these balances, and we believe credit risk to be minimal. We had approximately $17.6 million and $17.0 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, held at foreign financial institutions.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses	Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Trade accounts receivable are recorded at their net realizable value. We maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowances are based on the amount that we ultimately expect to collect from our customers. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors including number of days receivables are past due, historical collection experience, current market conditions, and forecasted direction of economic and business environment. Accounts receivable are written off at the time a customer receivable is deemed uncollectible.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using standard costs, which approximates the average cost method. Our policy is to expense abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling cost, and waste included in cost of products sold. In addition, we allocate fixed production overheads based on the normal production capacity of our facilities. Inventory valuations were developed using normalized production capacities for each of our manufacturing locations. The costs from excess capacity or under-utilization of fixed production overheads were expensed in the period incurred and are not included as a component of inventory. Inventories also include tools, molds, and dies in progress that we are producing and will ultimately sell to our customers. These inventories are also carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Property, Plant and Equipment	Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets to be disposed of are stated at the lower of depreciated cost or fair market value less estimated selling costs. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When a property item is retired, its cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We review the carrying values of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Property, plant and equipment also includes tools, molds, and dies used in manufacturing. Depreciation is calculated based on historical cost using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. Estimated useful lives for buildings and land improvements generally range from 10 to 40 years. Estimated useful lives for machinery and equipment generally range from 3 to 12 years. Estimated useful lives for leasehold improvements are based on the life of the lease.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets	GoodwillGoodwill was tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if a triggering event occurred. The impairment analysis was performed at the reporting unit level. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance due to impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsLong-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to depreciation or amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long-lived tangible or intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is deemed not recoverable, then the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated or amortized over its remaining useful life. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal.
Equity Method Investments	Equity Method Investments Our equity method investment is subject to a review for impairment if, and when, circumstances indicate that a decline in value below its carrying amount may have occurred. Examples of such circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or business prospects of the investee; a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of the investee; a significant adverse change in the general market condition of either the geographic area or the industry in which the investee operates; and recurring negative cash flows from operations. If management considers the decline to be other than temporary, we would write down the investment to its estimated fair market value.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Provision has been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a periodic charge in the year in which it arises and therefore do not record deferred taxes for basis differences associated with GILTI. We eliminate disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the circumstances upon which they are premised cease to exist.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenues when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services.
Share Based Compensation	Share Based CompensationThe cost of stock options, restricted stock, and performance share units is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting periods based on the grant date fair value, net of expected forfeitures. We determine grant date fair value using the Black Scholes financial pricing model for stock options and a Monte Carlo simulation for performance share units that include a market condition for vesting because these awards are not traded in open markets. We determine grant date fair value using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant for restricted stock and performance share units that include performance conditions for vesting.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates. Revenue, costs, and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are initially recorded at the current exchange rate at the date of the transaction. The balances are adjusted to the current exchange rate as of each balance sheet date and as of the date when the transaction is consummated. Transaction gains or losses, excluding intercompany loan transactions, are expensed as incurred in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and were immaterial to the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions are recognized as incurred in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions were $0.5 million, $0.8 million, and $0.4 million, respectively.
Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share	Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share We are required to allocate earnings or losses for a reporting period to common stockholders and participating securities using the two-class method to compute earnings per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Participating securities may participate in undistributed earnings with common stock whether or not that participation is conditioned upon the occurrence of a specified event. Under the two-class method, our net income (loss) is reduced (or increased) by the amount that has been or will be distributed to our participating security holders. Preferred shares are participating securities that participate in earnings but do not participate in losses. Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) allocable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effect of warrants, convertible preferred stock, stock options and the respective tax benefits unless inclusion would not be dilutive.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

NN, Inc. is a diversified industrial company that combines in-depth materials science expertise with advanced engineering and production capabilities to design and manufacture high-precision metal and plastic components and assemblies for a variety of end markets on a global basis. As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), the terms “NN,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to NN, Inc., and its subsidiaries. We have 31 facilities in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. Except for per share data or as otherwise indicated, all U.S. dollar amounts presented in the tables in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands.

Principles of Consolidation

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NN, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We own a 49% interest in a joint venture which we account for using the equity method (see Note 9). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Accounting Standards Recently Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, (“ASU 2019-12”) as part of its initiative to reduce complexity in accounting standards. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions and provides simplification to specific tax items to improve consistent application. This standard was effective for us beginning January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. Specifically, ASU 2020-06 simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. In addition, ASU 2020-06 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for the exception. Further, for the diluted earnings-per-share calculation, the new guidance requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments and generally requires entities to include the effect of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, among other things. We plan to adopt ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective adoption method. We do not anticipate that the adoption will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options, (“ASU 2021-04”) which clarifies the accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. Specifically, ASU 2021-04 requires the issuer to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant as an exchange of the original warrant. The difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of the warrant immediately before modification is then recognized as an issuance cost or discount of the related transaction. ASU 2021-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-04 should be applied prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date. Either the full or modified retrospective adoption method is allowed. We do not have any equity-classified written call options that would be subject to this guidance. Therefore, we do not expect any impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, (“ASU 2021-10”) which requires business entities to provide certain annual disclosures when they have received government assistance and use a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy to other accounting guidance. Such disclosures include the nature of the transactions, significant terms and conditions, accounting policies, and affected financial statement line items. ASU 2021-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2021-10 may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are in the process of assessing the impact ASU 2021-10 may have on our annual disclosures.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We maintain cash balances in transaction accounts with various financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Although we maintain balances that exceed the federally insured limit, we have not experienced any losses related to these balances, and we believe credit risk to be minimal. We had approximately $17.6 million and $17.0 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, held at foreign financial institutions.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value principles prioritize valuation inputs across three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on the assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. An asset or liability’s classification within the various levels is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

Trade accounts receivable are recorded at their net realizable value. We maintain allowances for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowances are based on the amount that we ultimately expect to collect from our customers. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors including number of days receivables are past due, historical collection experience, current market conditions, and forecasted direction of economic and business environment. Accounts receivable are written off at the time a customer receivable is deemed uncollectible.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using standard costs, which approximates the average cost method. Our policy is to expense abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling cost, and waste included in cost of products sold. In addition, we allocate fixed production overheads based on the normal production capacity of our facilities. Inventory valuations were developed using normalized production capacities for each of our manufacturing locations. The costs from excess capacity or under-utilization of fixed production overheads were expensed in the period incurred and are not included as a component of inventory.

Inventories also include tools, molds, and dies in progress that we are producing and will ultimately sell to our customers. These inventories are also carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets to be disposed of are stated at the lower of depreciated cost or fair market value less estimated selling costs. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized. When a property item is retired, its cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the property accounts and any gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We review the carrying values of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Property, plant and equipment also includes tools, molds, and dies used in manufacturing.

Depreciation is calculated based on historical cost using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. Estimated useful lives for buildings and land improvements generally range from 10 to 40 years. Estimated useful lives for machinery and equipment generally range from 3 to 12 years. Estimated useful lives for leasehold improvements are based on the life of the lease.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets

GoodwillGoodwill was tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter and between annual tests if a triggering event occurred. The impairment analysis was performed at the reporting unit level. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no remaining goodwill balance due to impairments recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived AssetsLong-lived tangible and intangible assets subject to depreciation or amortization are tested for recoverability when changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. A test for recoverability is also performed when management has committed to a plan to dispose of a reporting unit or asset group. Assets to be held and used are tested for recoverability when indications of impairment are evident. Recoverability of a long-lived tangible or intangible asset is evaluated by comparing its carrying value to the future estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the asset is deemed not recoverable, then the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to fair value which is then depreciated or amortized over its remaining useful life. Assets to be disposed of are recorded at the lesser of carrying value or fair value less costs of disposal.

Equity Method Investments

Our equity method investment is subject to a review for impairment if, and when, circumstances indicate that a decline in value below its carrying amount may have occurred. Examples of such circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance or business prospects of the investee; a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of the investee; a significant adverse change in the general market condition of either the geographic area or the industry in which the investee operates; and recurring negative cash flows from operations. If management considers the decline to be other than temporary, we would write down the investment to its estimated fair market value.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Provision has been made for income taxes on unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries as these earnings are not deemed to be permanently reinvested. We recognize income tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold and accrue interest and potential penalties related to unrecognized income tax positions which are recorded as a component of the provision (benefit) for income taxes. We treat global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a periodic charge in the year in which it arises and therefore do not record deferred taxes for basis differences associated with GILTI. We eliminate disproportionate tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the circumstances upon which they are premised cease to exist.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue RecognitionWe recognize revenues when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer either at a point in time or, in limited circumstances, as our services are rendered over time. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or services.

Share Based Compensation

Share Based CompensationThe cost of stock options, restricted stock, and performance share units is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting periods based on the grant date fair value, net of expected forfeitures. We determine grant date fair value using the Black Scholes financial pricing model for stock options and a Monte Carlo simulation for performance share units that include a market condition for vesting because these awards are not traded in open markets. We determine grant date fair value using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant for restricted stock and performance share units that include performance conditions for vesting.

Foreign Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates. Revenue, costs, and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the translation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies, including intercompany transactions, are initially recorded at the current exchange rate at the date of the transaction. The balances are adjusted to the current exchange rate as of each balance sheet date and as of the date when the transaction is consummated. Transaction gains or losses, excluding intercompany loan transactions, are expensed as incurred in either cost of sales or selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) and were immaterial to the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions are recognized as incurred in the “Other expense (income), net” line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, transaction gains or losses on intercompany loan transactions were $0.5 million, $0.8 million, and $0.4 million, respectively.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

We are required to allocate earnings or losses for a reporting period to common stockholders and participating securities using the two-class method to compute earnings per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats participating securities as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Participating securities may participate in undistributed earnings with common stock whether or not that participation is conditioned upon the occurrence of a specified event. Under the two-class method, our net income (loss) is reduced (or increased) by the amount that has been or will be distributed to our participating security holders. Preferred shares are participating securities that participate in earnings but do not participate in losses.

Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) allocable to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share includes the effect of warrants, convertible preferred stock, stock options and the respective tax benefits unless inclusion would not be dilutive.