Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Loss from Continuing Operations Before Benefit for Income Taxes

The following table summarizes the loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income (loss) from joint venture.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
United States	$	(146,963)	$	(31,760)	$	(200,164)
Foreign	(5,125)		(365)		(8,214)
Loss from continuing operations before benefit (provision) for income taxes and share of net income (loss) from joint venture	$	(152,088)	$	(32,125)	$	(208,378)

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The following table summarizes total income tax expense (benefit) recognized in each year.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Current taxes:
U.S. Federal	$	(299)	$	(5,948)	$	5,684
State	4,599		1,656		58
Foreign	2,250		2,247		2,271
Total current tax expense (benefit)	6,550		(2,045)		8,013
Deferred taxes:
U.S. Federal	$	(10,368)	$	(1,430)	$	(6,028)
State	(5,368)		3,850		(214)
U.S. federal and foreign valuation allowance	2,066		(592)		2,263
Foreign	(1,852)		522		(5,582)
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)	(15,522)		2,350		(9,561)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	(8,972)	$	305	$	(1,548)

Reconciliation of Income Taxes Based on U.S. Federal Statutory Rate

The following table presents a reconciliation of income taxes based on the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
U.S federal statutory income tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Change in valuation allowance, exclusive of state	(1.3)	%	1.8	%	(1.1)	%

State taxes, net of federal taxes, exclusive of tax reform	0.2	%	(13.6)	%	0.1	%
Non-U.S. earnings taxed at different rates	1.4	%	3.0	%	0.3	%

GILTI	(0.1)	%	—	%	—	%
Goodwill impairment	(12.7)	%	—	%	(17.7)	%
Nondeductible asset loss	—	%	(2.2)	%	(0.2)	%

Research and development tax credit	0.4	%	2.2	%	0.3	%
Change in uncertain tax positions	2.2	%	4.3	%	0.5	%
Impact of tax reform:
Toll charge, net of foreign tax credit	—	%	—	%	0.7	%
Remeasurement of deferred taxes pursuant to tax reform	—	%	—	%	(1.2)	%

Impact of 2019 Treasury regulations	—	%	(18.4)	%	—	%

CARES Act	2.7	%	—	%	—	%

Divestiture of business segment, exclusive of tax reform	—	%	—	%	(1.1)	%
Return to provision	(0.5)	%	(0.2)	%	(1.0)	%

Taxes on unremitted foreign earnings	(3.9)	%	(2.2)	%	—	%
Restructuring gain	(2.6)	%	—	%	—	%


Other adjustments, net	(0.9)	%	3.3	%	0.1	%
Effective tax rate	5.9	%	(1.0)	%	0.7	%

Principal Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the principal components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities.


	As of December 31,
	2020		2019
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax in excess of book depreciation	$	27,459	$	28,329

Intangible assets	23,695		26,474


Operating leases	11,149		12,697
Taxes on unremitted foreign earnings	6,601		—
Other deferred tax liabilities	533		2,178
Total deferred income tax liabilities	69,437		69,678
Deferred income tax assets:
Interest expense limitation	3,811		14,073
Goodwill	25,653		386
Inventories	3,224		2,447
Interest rate swap	3,611		2,838
Pension/Personnel accruals	2,909		1,669
Operating leases	13,209		14,438
Net operating loss carryforwards	18,659		15,486

R&D credit carryforwards	—		2,463
Non-U.S. credit carryforwards	3,574		3,419
Accruals and reserves	2,399		2,335
Other deferred tax assets	2,891		1,157
Deferred income tax assets before valuation allowance	79,940		60,711
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets	(21,681)		(15,494)
Total deferred income tax assets	58,259		45,217
Net deferred income tax liabilities	$	11,178	$	24,461

Summary of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Interest and Penalties

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Balance at beginning of year	$	2,589	$	4,609	$	5,655
Additions for tax positions of prior years	121		—		304
Settlements for tax positions of prior years	—		(275)		—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(2,463)		(1,745)		(1,350)
Balance at end of year	$	247	$	2,589	$	4,609