10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ____________

Commission File Number 0-23320

OLYMPIC STEEL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio	34-1245650
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
22901 Millcreek Boulevard, Suite 650, Highland Hills, OH	44122
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code (216) 292-3800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, without par value	ZEUS	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class	Outstanding as of August 4, 2023
Common stock, without par value	11,132,542

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Index to Form 10-Q

			Page No.
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION			3
	Item 1. Financial Statements		3
		Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (unaudited)	3
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	4
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	5
		Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information – for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	6
		Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (unaudited)	7
		Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		22
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		34
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures.		35
Part II. OTHER INFORMATION			36
	Item 5. Other Information		36
	Item 6. Exhibits		37
SIGNATURES			38

2

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

	As of
	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
	(unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,170		$	12,189
Accounts receivable, net		227,992			219,789
Inventories, net (includes LIFO reserves of $19,301 and $20,301 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)		405,944			416,931
Prepaid expenses and other		11,510			9,197
Total current assets		660,616			658,106
Property and equipment, at cost		463,291			429,810
Accumulated depreciation		(288,300	)		(281,478	)
Net property and equipment		174,991			148,332
Goodwill		43,690			10,496
Intangible assets, net		84,944			32,035
Other long-term assets		15,958			14,434
Right of use assets, net		33,783			28,224
Total assets	$	1,013,982		$	891,627
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	124,087		$	101,446
Accrued payroll		25,180			40,334
Other accrued liabilities		22,647			16,824
Current portion of lease liabilities		6,878			6,098
Total current liabilities		178,792			164,702
Credit facility revolver		238,240			165,658
Other long-term liabilities		17,334			12,619
Deferred income taxes		13,611			10,025
Lease liabilities		27,542			22,655
Total liabilities		475,519			375,659
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock		-			-
Common stock		135,566			134,724
Accumulated other comprehensive income		856			1,311
Retained earnings		402,041			379,933
Total shareholders' equity		538,463			515,968
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,013,982		$	891,627

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

3

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales	$	569,268		$	709,176		$	1,142,344		$	1,405,509
Costs and expenses
Cost of materials sold (excludes items shown separately below)		441,872			560,546			894,508			1,115,653
Warehouse and processing		31,522			27,624			62,171			51,672
Administrative and general		31,681			31,969			64,866			61,591
Distribution		17,448			16,441			35,189			31,482
Selling		10,389			10,494			20,786			21,316
Occupancy		4,111			3,291			8,655			6,880
Depreciation		5,245			4,354			10,322			8,704
Amortization		1,228			592			2,352			1,224
Total costs and expenses		543,496			655,311			1,098,849			1,298,522
Operating income		25,772			53,865			43,495			106,987
Other loss, net		28			15			39			21
Income before interest and income taxes		25,744			53,850			43,456			106,966
Interest and other expense on debt		4,203			2,271			8,426			4,269
Income before income taxes		21,541			51,579			35,030			102,697
Income tax provision		6,522			13,955			10,139			27,771
Net income	$	15,019		$	37,624		$	24,891		$	74,926
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedge		(201	)		(246	)		(606	)		2,045
Tax effect on cash flow hedge		50			62			151			(511	)
Total comprehensive income	$	14,868		$	37,440		$	24,436		$	76,460
Earnings per share:
Net income per share - basic	$	1.30		$	3.26		$	2.15		$	6.49
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		11,569			11,538			11,570			11,536
Net income per share - diluted	$	1.30		$	3.26		$	2.15		$	6.49
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		11,572			11,545			11,572			11,540
Dividends declared per share of common stock	$	0.125		$	0.090		$	0.250		$	0.180

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

4

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands)

	2023			2022
Cash flows from (used for) operating activities:
Net income	$	24,891		$	74,926
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization		12,674			9,928
Amortization of deferred financing fees		326			228
Gain on disposition of property and equipment		(87	)		(2,183	)
Stock-based compensation		842			662
Other long-term assets		3,678			1,854
Other long-term liabilities		3,519			8,738
		45,843			94,153
Changes in working capital:
Accounts receivable		2,394			(36,347	)
Inventories		28,223			(26,106	)
Prepaid expenses and other		(2,866	)		(4,359	)
Accounts payable		17,821			28,922
Change in outstanding checks		1,301			4,839
Accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities		(13,520	)		(13,415	)
		33,353			(46,466	)
Net cash from operating activities		79,196			47,687
Cash flows from (used for) investing activities:
Acquisition		(129,476	)		-
Capital expenditures		(15,117	)		(10,022	)
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment		128			3,292
Net cash used for investing activities		(144,465	)		(6,730	)
Cash flows from (used for) financing activities:
Credit facility revolver borrowings		418,372			384,392
Credit facility revolver repayments		(345,789	)		(424,276	)
Principal payment under capital lease obligation		(472	)		(336	)
Credit facility fees and expenses		(1,078	)		(100	)
Dividends paid		(2,783	)		(2,003	)
Net cash from (used for) financing activities		68,250			(42,323	)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Net change		2,981			(1,366	)
Beginning balance		12,189			9,812
Ending balance	$	15,170		$	8,446

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

5

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

For the Six Months Ended June 30,

(in thousands)

	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
Interest paid	$	7,638	$	4,006
Income taxes paid	$	3,816	$	18,985

The Company incurred $1.7 million of new financing lease obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2023. The Company incurred a nominal amount of new financing lease obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2022. These non-cash transactions have been excluded from the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

6

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Income			Earnings			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	135,131	$	1,007		$	388,413		$	524,551
Net income		-		-			15,019			15,019
Payment of dividends		-		-			(1,392	)		(1,392	)
Stock-based compensation		435		-			-			435
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		-		(151	)		-			(151	)
Other		-		-			1			1
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	135,566	$	856		$	402,041		$	538,463

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Income			Earnings			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	134,724	$	1,311		$	379,933		$	515,968
Net income		-		-			24,891			24,891
Payment of dividends		-		-			(2,783	)		(2,783	)
Stock-based compensation		842		-			-			842
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		-		(455	)		-			(455	)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	135,566	$	856		$	402,041		$	538,463

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	133,754	$	(277	)	$	329,309		$	462,786
Net income		-		-			37,624			37,624
Payment of dividends		-		-			(1,002	)		(1,002	)
Stock-based compensation		335		-			-			335
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		-		(184	)		-			(184	)
Other		-		(1	)		1			-
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	134,089	$	(462	)	$	365,932		$	499,559

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			Accumulated
			Other
	Common		Comprehensive			Retained			Total
	Stock		Loss			Earnings			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	133,427	$	(1,996	)	$	293,008		$	424,439
Net income		-		-			74,926			74,926
Payment of dividends		-		-			(2,003	)		(2,003	)
Stock-based compensation		662		-			-			662
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax		-		1,534			-			1,534
Other		-		-			1			1
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	134,089	$	(462	)	$	365,932		$	499,559

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

7

Olympic Steel, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023

1. Basis of Presentation:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the financial records of Olympic Steel, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, Olympic or the Company), without audit and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the results of the interim periods covered by this report. Year-to-date results are not necessarily indicative of 2023 annual results and these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company operates in three reportable segments: specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments. Some of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments, and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. As such, total assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology.

The primary focus of the specialty metals flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of processed stainless and aluminum flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through recent acquisitions, the specialty metals flat products segment has expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe and prime tin mill products.

The primary focus of the carbon flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. Through recent acquisitions, the carbon flat products segment has expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers, and steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. Through the acquisition of Metal-Fab, Inc. (Metal-Fab) on January 3, 2023, the carbon flat products segment further expanded its product offerings to include venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications.

The flat products segment acts as an intermediary between metals producers and manufacturers that require processed metals for their operations. The flat products segment serves customers in most metals consuming industries, including manufacturers and fabricators of transportation and material handling equipment, construction and farm machinery, storage tanks, environmental and energy generation equipment, automobiles, military vehicles and equipment, as well as general and plate fabricators and metals service centers. These products are primarily distributed through a direct sales force.

Combined, the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments have 36 strategically located processing and distribution facilities in the United States and one in Monterrey, Mexico. Many of our facilities service both the carbon and the specialty metals flat products segments, and certain assets and resources are shared by the segments. Our geographic footprint allows us to focus on regional customers and larger national and multi-national accounts, primarily located throughout the midwestern, eastern and southern United States

Through its tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary (CTI), the Company distributes metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate parts supplied to various industrial markets. CTI operates from seven locations in the Midwestern and southeastern United States. The tubular and pipe products segment distributes its products primarily through a direct sales force.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

8

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. The objective of this ASU is to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, “Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848”, which amends and extends the sunset date to December 31, 2024. The new standard was applied beginning in the first quarter of 2023 as the Company adjusted their ABL Credit Facility and fixed interest rate hedge. The application did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

2. Acquisitions:

On January 3, 2023, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of capital stock of Metal-Fab for a cash purchase price of $131.2 million. Metal-Fab, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications.

The Company paid total cash consideration of $131.2 million, consisting of a base purchase price of $131.0 million and a cash adjustment of $0.2 million. The acquisition was funded with borrowings under the Company’s asset-based credit facility (ABL Credit Facility). During 2023, the Company incurred $2.6 million of direct acquisition-related costs, which are included in “Administrative and general” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and $2.1 million of non-recurring amortization of inventory step up to fair market value adjustments, which are included in “Costs of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Purchase Price Allocation

The acquisition of Metal-Fab was accounted for as a business combination and the assets and liabilities were valued at fair market value on January 3, 2023, the date of acquisition. The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2023, reflects the allocation of Metal-Fab’s purchase price.

The final purchase price allocations presented below is based upon management’s estimate of the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities using Level 3 valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. The fair value estimates involve the use of estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the timing and amounts of future cash flows, revenue growth rates, discount rates, and royalty rates. The table below summarizes the final purchase price allocation of the fair market values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Details of Acquisition (in thousands)	Total
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,728
Accounts receivable, net		10,597
Prepaid expenses and other		740
Inventories, net		17,236
Property and equipment		20,408
Goodwill		33,194
Intangible assets		54,740
Right-of-use and other long-term assets		6,930
Total assets acquired		145,573
Total liabilities assumed		(14,369	)
Cash paid	$	131,204

In connection with the acquisition of Metal-Fab, the Company identified and valued certain intangible assets, including the Metal-Fab trade name, internally developed technology and know-how, restrictive covenants and customer relationships. The intangible assets were evaluated on the premise of highest and best use to a market participant, primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology. The trade name intangible asset was valued at $11.5 million, and the useful life was determined to be indefinite primarily due to their history and reputation in the marketplace, the Company’s expectation that the trade name will continue to be used, and the conclusion that there are currently no other factors identified that would limit their useful life. The internally developed technology and know-how intangible asset was valued at $5.3 million, and the useful life was determined to be 15 years. The non-compete agreements intangible asset was valued at $1.4 million, and the useful life was determined to be the length of the non-compete agreements, which range from two to five years. The customer relationships intangible asset was valued at $36.5 million, and the useful life was determined to be 26 years, based primarily on the consistent and predictable revenue source associated with the existing customer base, the present value of which extends through the twenty-six-year amortization period.

9

The accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income includes the revenues and expenses of Metal-Fab since the acquisition date. Metal-Fab’s operations are included within the carbon flat-rolled segment.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma summary of financial results presents the consolidated results of operations as if the Metal-Fab acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, after the effect of certain adjustments. The historical consolidated financial information has been adjusted to give effect to the impact of the consideration issued by the Company to Metal-Fab’s stockholders in connection with the acquisition and the effect of debt refinancing necessary to complete the transaction. The unaudited pro forma summary also includes certain purchase price accounting adjustments, including the items expected to have a continuing impact on combined results, such as depreciation and amortization expense on acquired assets. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information does not reflect the cost of any integration activities or benefits that may result from synergies that may be derived from integration activities.

The pro forma results have been presented for comparative purposes only and are not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made on January 1, 2022, or of any potential results that may occur in the future.

	For the three months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	709,176	$	24,117	$	184		$	733,477
Net income (loss)	$	37,624	$	3,803	$	(2,817	)	$	38,610
Basic earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35

	For the six months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	1,405,509	$	46,802	$	368		$	1,452,679
Net income (loss)	$	74,926	$	7,845	$	(7,218	)	$	75,553
Basic earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55

3. Revenue Recognition:

The Company provides metals processing, distribution and delivery of large volumes of processed carbon, coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, aluminum, and stainless flat-rolled products, prime tin mill products, flat bar products, metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves, fittings, fabricated parts, venting, micro air and clean air products. The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of metals, which represent single performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time upon transfer of control of the product to the customer.

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is recognized over time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is not material to the Company's consolidated results.

10

Within the metals industry, revenue is frequently disaggregated by products sold. The table below disaggregates the Company’s revenues by segment and products sold.

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		25.8	%		-			-			25.8	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.6	%		-			30.6	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			12.6	%		-			12.6	%
Coated		-			5.6	%		-			5.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			4.1	%		-			4.1	%
Other		-			4.5	%		-			4.5	%
Total		25.8	%		57.4	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		27.4	%		-			-			27.4	%
Hot Rolled		-			28.9	%		-			28.9	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			13.1	%		-			13.1	%
Coated		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Cold Rolled		-			3.8	%		-			3.8	%
Other		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Total		27.4	%		55.8	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		32.0	%		-			-			32.0	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.2	%		-			30.2	%
Tube		-			-			15.7	%		15.7	%
Plate		-			12.8	%		-			12.8	%
Coated		-			4.2	%		-			4.2	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		32.0	%		52.3	%		15.7	%		100.0	%

11

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		30.3	%		-			-			30.3	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.7	%		-			30.7	%
Tube		-			-			16.3	%		16.3	%
Plate		-			13.0	%		-			13.0	%
Coated		-			4.6	%		-			4.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		30.3	%		53.4	%		16.3	%		100.0	%

4. Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses and unissued credits of $4.1 million and $4.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered appropriate based on historical experience, specific customer collection issues that have been identified, current market conditions and estimates for supportable forecasts when appropriate. Estimations are based upon a calculated percentage of accounts receivable, which remains fairly level from year to year, and judgments about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers, which can fluctuate significantly from year to year. The Company cannot guarantee that the rate of future credit losses will be similar to past experience. The Company considers all available information when assessing the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses and unissued credits.

5. Inventories:

Inventories consisted of the following:

	Inventory as of
(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unprocessed	$	300,686	$	356,588
Processed and finished		105,258		60,343
Totals	$	405,944	$	416,931

The Company values certain of its tubular and pipe products inventory at the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $41.2 million, or 10.1% of consolidated inventory, and $46.3 million, or 11.1% of consolidated inventory, respectively, was reported under the LIFO method of accounting. The cost of the remainder of the tubular and pipe products inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $1.0 million of LIFO income. The Company did not record any LIFO expense or income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $19.3 million higher than reported at June 30, 2023 and $20.3 million higher than reported at December 31, 2022.

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets:

The Company’s intangible assets were recorded in connection with its acquisitions of Shaw Stainless & Alloy, Inc. (Shaw) in 2021, Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc. (Action Stainless) in 2020 and Berlin Metals, LLC in 2018 for the specialty metals flat products segment and Metal-Fab in 2023 and certain assets related to the manufacturing of the EZ Dumper® hydraulic dump inserts and McCullough Industries in 2019 for the carbon flat products segment. The intangible assets were evaluated on the premise of highest and best use to a market participant, primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology.

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Goodwill, by reportable unit, was as follows as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

(in thousands)	Specialty Metals Flat Products		Carbon Flat Products		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	9,431	$	1,065	$	10,496
Acquisitions		-		33,194		33,194
Impairments		-		-		-
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	9,431	$	34,259	$	43,690

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated A mortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	59,059	$	(13,575	)	$	45,484
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		1,949		(480	)		1,469
Technology and know-how - subject to amortization		5,300		(177	)		5,123
Trade name - not subject to amortization		32,868		-			32,868
	$	99,176	$	(14,232	)	$	84,944

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	22,559	$	(12,100	)	$	10,459
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		509		(301	)		208
Trade name - not subject to amortization		21,368		-			21,368
	$	44,436	$	(12,401	)	$	32,035

The Company estimates that amortization expense for its intangible assets subject to amortization will be approximately $3.7 million per year for the next two years, $3.2 million the following year and then $2.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the next two years after.

7. Leases:

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	2,114	$	1,801	$	4,255	$	3,586
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	260	$	186	$	492	$	370
Interest on lease liabilities		39		13		75		28
Total finance lease cost	$	299	$	199	$	567	$	398

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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,083	$	1,719	$	4,188	$	3,470
Operating cash flows from finance leases		39		13		75		28
Financing cash flows from finance leases		252		184		472		366
Total cash paid for lease liabilities	$	2,374	$	1,916	$	4,735	$	3,864

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease	$	52,601		$	45,987
Operating lease accumulated amortization		(18,818	)		(17,763	)
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		33,783			28,224
Operating lease current liabilities		6,878			6,098
Operating lease liabilities		27,542			22,655
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,420		$	28,753
Finance Leases
Finance lease	$	5,104		$	3,144
Finance lease accumulated depreciation		(2,048	)		(1,585	)
Finance lease, net		3,056			1,559
Finance lease current liabilities		1,034			594
Finance lease liabilities		2,137			1,025
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,171		$	1,619
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in years)		7			6
Finance leases (in years)		4			3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.91	%		3.41	%
Finance leases		4.83	%		3.56	%

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Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating			Finance
(in thousands)	Leases			Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2023	$	4,113		$	508
2024		7,708			1,097
2025		6,495			790
2026		5,577			506
2027		4,435			335
Thereafter		10,962			248
Total future minimum lease payments	$	39,290		$	3,484
Less remaining imputed interest		(4,870	)		(313	)
Total	$	34,420		$	3,171

8. Debt:

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following components:

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026	$	238,240	$	165,658
Total debt	$	238,240	$	165,658

On January 3, 2023, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, which amended the Company’s existing ABL Credit Facility. The amendment increased the borrowing capacity under the ABL Credit Facility by $150 million from $475 million to $625 million. The $625 million ABL Credit Facility consists of: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $595 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments, and add real estate as collateral at the Company’s discretion. The ABL Credit Facility matures on June 16, 2026.

The ABL Credit Facility is collateralized by the Company’s accounts receivable, inventory, personal property and certain real estate. The ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit the ability of the Company to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to the Company; (vi) incur liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which requires if any commitments or obligations are outstanding and the Company’s availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($62.5 million at June 30, 2023) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($58.6 million at June 30, 2023), then the Company must maintain a ratio of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

The Company has the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25% or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%.

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

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As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its covenants and had approximately $343 million of availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $2.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The financing fees are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility and are included in “Interest and other expense on debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

9. Derivative Instruments:

Metals swaps and embedded customer derivatives

During 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into nickel swaps indexed to the London Metal Exchange (LME) price of nickel with third-party brokers. The nickel swaps are accounted for as derivatives for accounting purposes. The Company entered into them to mitigate its customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. The outstanding nickel swaps mature in 2023. The swaps are settled with the brokers at maturity. The economic benefit or loss arising from the changes in fair value of the swaps is contractually passed through to the customer. The primary risk associated with the metals swaps is the ability of customers or third-party brokers to honor their agreements with the Company related to derivative instruments. If the customer or third-party brokers are unable to honor their agreements, the Company’s risk of loss is the fair value of the metals swaps.

These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. The periodic changes in fair value of the metals and embedded customer derivative instruments are included in “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company recognizes derivative positions with both the customer and the third party for the derivatives and classifies cash settlement amounts associated with them as part of “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The cumulative change in fair value of the metals swaps that had not yet settled as of June 30, 2023, are included in “Other accrued liabilities” and the embedded customer derivatives are included in “Accounts receivable, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023.

Fixed rate interest rate hedge

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. The interest rate hedge is included in “Prepaid expenses and other” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

The table below shows the total impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income through net income of the derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	Net Gain (Loss) Recognized
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)
Metals swaps		(500	)		(1,445	)		(776	)		718
Embedded customer derivatives		500			1,445			776			(718	)
Total loss	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)

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10. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities:

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no transfers of financial assets between Levels 1, 2 or 3 fair value measurements. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at June 30, 2023 since December 31, 2022.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company:

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,317	$	-	$	3,317
Embedded customer derivative		-		410		-		410
Fixed interest rate hedge				1,142				1,142
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	4,869	$	-	$	4,869
Liabilities:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727
Total liabilities recorded at fair value	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748

The value of the items not recorded at fair value represent the carrying value of the liabilities.

The carrying value of the ABL Credit Facility was $238.2 million and $165.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Management believes that the ABL Credit Facility’s carrying value approximates its fair value due to the variable interest rate on the ABL Credit Facility.

11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. The fair value of the interest rate hedge of $1.1 million, net of tax of $0.3 million is included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2023. The fair value of the interest rate hedge was $1.7 million, net of tax of $0.4 million at December 31, 2022.

12. Equity Plans:

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Olympic Steel 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the Incentive Plan), the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units (RSUs), performance shares, and other stock- and cash-based awards to employees and directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its affiliates. Since adoption of the Incentive Plan, 1,400,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for equity grants.

On an annual basis, the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors awards RSUs to each non-employee director as part of their annual compensation. The annual awards for 2023 and 2022 per director were $80,000. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan and the RSU agreement, the RSUs vest after one year of service (from the date of grant). The RSUs are not converted into shares of common stock until the director either resigns or is terminated from the board of directors.

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In January 2022, the Company adopted a new C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan (the C-Suite Plan) that operates under the Senior Manager Stock Incentive Plan. Under the C-Suite Plan, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the President and Chief Operating Officer are eligible for participation. In each calendar year, the Committee may award eligible participants a long-term incentive of both a RSU grant and a performance stock unit (PSU) grant. Additionally, the Committee may offer a long-term cash incentive (split equally between service and performance-based portions) to supplement both the RSU and PSU grants in order to arrive at the total long-term award target. The total long-term award target is $1.1 million for the Chief Executive Officer, $0.3 million for the Chief Financial Officer and $0.6 million for the President and Chief Operating Officer. The PSUs will vest if the return on net assets, calculated as EBITDA divided by Average Accounts Receivable, Inventory and Property and Equipment, exceeds five percent. Each RSU and service-based cash incentive vests three years after the grant date. Each vested RSU will convert into the right to receive one share of common stock. During 2023, a total of 20,000 RSUs and 20,000 PSUs were granted to the participants under the C-Suite Plan, and $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, were granted in service-based and performance-based cash awards. During 2022, a total of 20,000 RSUs and 20,000 PSUs were granted to the participants under the C-Suite Plan, and $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were granted in service-based and performance-based cash awards. If the return on net assets falls below 5 percent, no performance-based incentive will be awarded. The maximum performance-based award is achieved if return on net assets exceeds ten percent, and is capped at 150% of the grant.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized on RSUs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is summarized in the following table:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSU expense before taxes	$	435	$	335	$	842	$	662
RSU expense after taxes	$	303	$	244	$	598	$	483

All pre-tax charges related to RSUs were included in the caption “Administrative and general” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2023					As of June 30, 2022
	Number of			Weighted Average		Number of			Weighted Average
	Shares			Granted Price		Shares			Granted Price
Outstanding at December 31		617,518		$	18.95		576,867		$	18.40
Granted		49,768			36.63		35,558			26.72
Converted into shares		(2,610	)		18.78		(3,580	)		18.84
Forfeited		(2,573	)		19.65		(3,351	)		18.14
Outstanding at June 30		662,103		$	20.28		605,494		$	18.89
Vested at June 30		436,341		$	24.98		409,710		$	20.17

13. Income Taxes:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $6.5 million, or 30.3%, compared to an income tax provision of $14.0 million, or 27.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $10.1 million, or 28.9%, compared to an income tax provision of $27.8 million, or 27.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The tax provision for the interim period is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment.

The quarterly tax provision and the quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate is subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, changes in law and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, the effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on the effective tax rate is greater when the pre-tax income is lower.

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14. Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share:

Earnings per share have been calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding as set forth below:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		11,569		11,538		11,570		11,536
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards		3		7		2		4
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		11,572		11,545		11,572		11,540
Net income (loss)	$	15,019	$	37,624	$	24,891	$	74,926
Basic earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Unvested RSUs		226		196		226		196

15. Stock Repurchase Program:

On October 2, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Any of the repurchased shares are held in the Company’s treasury, or canceled and retired as the Board may determine from time to time. Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility. Under the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $15.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions. Purchases of common stock or dividend payments in excess of $15.0 million in the aggregate require the Company to (i) maintain availability in excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($125.0 million at June 30, 2023) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($93.8 million at June 30, 2023) and the Company must maintain a pro-forma ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00.

There were no shares repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, 360,212 shares remain authorized for repurchase under the program.

At-the-Market Equity Program

On September 3, 2021, the Company commenced an at-the-market (ATM) equity program under its shelf registration statement, which allows it to sell and issue up to $50 million in shares of its common stock from time to time. The Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement on September 3, 2021 with KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (KeyBanc) relating to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock pursuant to the program. KeyBanc is not required to sell any specific amount of securities but will act as the Company’s sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between KeyBanc and the Company. KeyBanc will be entitled to compensation for shares sold pursuant to the program of 2.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement. No shares were sold under the ATM program during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

16. Segment Information:

The Company follows the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation decisions. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income. The operating segments are based primarily on internal management reporting.

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The Company operates in three reportable segments; specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments, as certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. Since the January 3, 2023 acquisition, Metal-Fab’s financial results are included in the carbon flat products segment.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

The following table provides financial information by segment and reconciles the Company’s operating income by segment to the consolidated income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales
Specialty metals flat products	$	147,000		$	226,964		$	313,564		$	426,443
Carbon flat products		326,629			370,665			636,447			750,214
Tubular and pipe products		95,639			111,547			192,333			228,852
Total net sales	$	569,268		$	709,176		$	1,142,344		$	1,405,509
Depreciation and amortization
Specialty metals flat products	$	1,023		$	1,008		$	2,007		$	2,013
Carbon flat products		3,716			2,698			7,323			5,372
Tubular and pipe products		1,716			1,222			3,309			2,508
Corporate		18			18			35			35
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,473		$	4,946		$	12,674		$	9,928
Operating income
Specialty metals flat products	$	6,679		$	36,473		$	15,938		$	70,557
Carbon flat products		14,695			15,618			20,641			25,493
Tubular and pipe products		9,371			7,300			19,112			21,882
Corporate expenses		(4,973	)		(5,526	)		(12,196	)		(10,945	)
Total operating income	$	25,772		$	53,865		$	43,495		$	106,987
Other loss, net		28			15			39			21
Income before interest and income taxes		25,744			53,850			43,456			106,966
Interest and other expense on debt		4,203			2,271			8,426			4,269
Income before income taxes	$	21,541		$	51,579		$	35,030		$	102,697

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	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Capital expenditures
Flat products segments	$	8,977	$	8,236
Tubular and pipe products		6,083		1,786
Corporate		57		-
Total capital expenditures	$	15,117	$	10,022

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thouands)	2023		2022
Assets
Flat products segments	$	737,819	$	631,607
Tubular and pipe products		274,562		258,412
Corporate		1,601		1,608
Total assets	$	1,013,982	$	891,627

There were no material revenue transactions between the specialty metals products, carbon flat products and tubular and pipe products segments.

The Company sells certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico. International sales are immaterial to the consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained herein and our consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed under Item 1A (Risk Factors) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The following section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including our financial statements and the notes thereto, which appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, contain various forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our future performance, business, our beliefs and management’s assumptions. In addition, we, or others on our behalf, may make forward-looking statements in press releases or written statements, or in our communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, conferences, webcasts, phone calls and conference calls. Words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “should,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” and “continue,” as well as the negative of these terms or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those implied by such statements including, but not limited to:

● risks of falling metals prices and inventory devaluation;

● supply disruptions and inflationary pressures, including the availability and rising costs of transportation, energy, logistical services and labor;

● risks associated with shortages of skilled labor, increased labor costs and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

● rising interest rates and their impacts on our variable interest rate debt;

● risks associated with supply chain disruption resulting from the imbalance of metal supply and end-user demands, including additional shutdowns as a result of infectious disease outbreaks in large markets, such as China, and other factors;

● risks associated with the invasion of Ukraine, including economic sanctions, or additional war or military conflict, could adversely affect global metals supply and pricing;

● general and global business, economic, financial and political conditions, including, but not limited to, recessionary conditions and legislation passed under the current administration;

● supplier consolidation or addition of new capacity;

● risks associated with infectious disease outbreaks, including, but not limited to customer closures, reduced sales and profit levels, slower payment of accounts receivable and potential increases in uncollectible accounts receivable, falling metals prices that could lead to lower of cost or net realizable value inventory adjustments and the impairment of intangible and long-lived assets, negative impacts on our liquidity position, inability to access our traditional financing sources and increased costs associated with and less ability to access funds under our asset-based credit facility, or ABL Credit Facility, and the capital markets;

● our ability to successfully integrate recent acquisitions into our business and risks inherent with the acquisitions in the achievement of expected results, including whether the acquisition will be accretive and within the expected timeframe;

● the adequacy of our existing information technology and business system software, including duplication and security processes;

● the levels of imported steel in the United States and the tariffs initiated by the U.S. government in 2018 under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and imposed tariffs and duties on exported steel or other products, U.S. trade policy and its impact on the U.S. manufacturing industry;

● the inflation or deflation existing within the metals industry, as well as product mix and inventory levels on hand, which can impact our cost of materials sold as a result of the fluctuations in the last-in, first-out, or LIFO, inventory valuation;

● increased customer demand without corresponding increase in metal supply could lead to an inability to meet customer demand and result in lower sales and profits;

● competitive factors such as the availability, and global pricing of metals and production levels, industry shipping and inventory levels and rapid fluctuations in customer demand and metals pricing;

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● customer, supplier and competitor consolidation, bankruptcy or insolvency;

● the timing and outcomes of inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments and LIFO income or expense;

● reduced production schedules, layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or customers’ personnel;

● cyclicality and volatility within the metals industry;

● reduced availability and productivity of our employees, increased operational risks as a result of remote work arrangements, including the potential effects on internal controls, as well as cybersecurity risks and increased vulnerability to security breaches, information technology disruptions and other similar events;

● fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar and the related impact on foreign steel pricing, U.S. exports, and foreign imports to the United States;

● the successes of our efforts and initiatives to improve working capital turnover and cash flows, and achieve cost savings;

● our ability to generate free cash flow through operations and repay debt;

● the amounts, successes and our ability to continue our capital investments and strategic growth initiatives, including acquisitions and our business information system implementations;

● events or circumstances that could adversely impact the successful operation of our processing equipment and operations;

● the impacts of union organizing activities and the success of union contract renewals;

● changes in laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement could impact our financial performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies;

● events or circumstances that could impair or adversely impact the carrying value of any of our assets;

● risks and uncertainties associated with intangible assets, including impairment charges related to indefinite lived intangible assets;

● our ability to pay regular quarterly cash dividends and the amounts and timing of any future dividends;

● our ability to repurchase shares of our common stock and the amounts and timing of repurchases, if any;

● our ability to sell shares of our common stock under the at-the-market equity program; and

● unanticipated developments that could occur with respect to contingencies such as litigation, arbitration and environmental matters, including any developments that would require any increase in our costs for such contingencies.

Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, intended, expected, believed, estimated, projected or planned. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances after the date hereof, except as otherwise required by law.

Overview

We are a leading metals service center that operates in three reportable segments: specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products.  We provide metals processing and distribution services for a wide range of customers.  Our specialty metals flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of processed stainless and aluminum flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts.  Through recent acquisitions, our specialty metals flat products segment expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe and prime tin mill products.  Shaw Stainless & Alloy, Inc., or Shaw, manufactures and distributes stainless steel bollards and water treatment systems. Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc., or Action Stainless, offers a range of processing capabilities, including plasma, laser and waterjet cutting and computer numerical control, or CNC, machining.  Our carbon flat products segment’s focus is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. Through acquisitions, our carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers and steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds.  Through the acquisition of Metal-Fab, Inc., or Metal-Fab, on January 3, 2023, our carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications.  In addition, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate parts supplied to various industrial markets through our tubular and pipe products segment.  Products that require more value-added processing generally have a higher gross profit.  Accordingly, our overall gross profit is affected by, among other things, product mix, the amount of processing performed, the demand for and availability of metals, and volatility in selling prices and material purchase costs.  We also perform toll processing of customer-owned metals. We sell certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico.  International sales are immaterial to our consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results.

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Our results of operations are affected by numerous external factors, including, but not limited to: general and global business, economic, financial, banking and political conditions; fluctuations in the value of the U.S. dollar to foreign currencies, competition; metals pricing, demand and availability; transportation and energy costs; pricing and availability of raw materials used in the production of metals; global supply, the level of metals imported into the United States, tariffs, and inventory held in the supply chain; the availability and increased costs of labor; customers’ ability to manage their credit line availability; and layoffs or work stoppages by our own, our suppliers’ or our customers’ personnel. The metals industry also continues to be affected by the global consolidation of our suppliers, competitors and end-use customers.

Like other metals service centers, we maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just-in-time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals in an effort to maintain our inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon customer forecasts, historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. Our commitments to purchase metals are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. From time to time, we have entered into nickel swaps at the request of our customers in order to mitigate our customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. We have no long-term, fixed-price metals purchase contracts. When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and earnings as we use existing metals inventory. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers. To the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers, the net sales and gross profits of our business could be adversely affected.

At June 30, 2023, we employed approximately 2,038 people.  Approximately 203 of the hourly plant personnel at the facilities listed below are represented by seven separate collective bargaining units.  The table below shows the expiration dates of the collective bargaining agreements.

Facility	Expiration date
Hammond, Indiana	November 30, 2024
Locust, North Carolina	March 4, 2025
St. Paul, Minnesota	May 25, 2025
Romeoville, Illinois	May 31, 2025
Minneapolis (coil), Minnesota	September 30, 2025
Indianapolis, Indiana	January 29, 2026
Minneapolis (plate), Minnesota	March 31, 2027

We have never experienced a work stoppage and we believe that our relationship with employees is good. However, any prolonged work stoppages by our personnel represented by collective bargaining units could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Reportable Segments

We operate in three reportable segments: specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segment. Some of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. As such, total assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology.

We follow the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by the chief operating decision maker, or CODM, to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation decisions. Our CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income. Our operating segments are based primarily on internal management reporting.

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Due to the nature of the products sold in each segment, there are significant differences in the segments’ average selling price and the cost of materials sold.  The specialty metals flat products segment generally has the highest average selling price among the three segments followed by the tubular and pipe products segment and carbon flat products segment.  Due to the nature of the tubular and pipe product and our operations that manufacture end user products within the flat product segments, we do not report tons sold or per ton information.  Gross profit per ton is generally higher in the specialty metals flat products segment than the carbon flat products segment.  Gross profit as a percentage of net sales is generally higher in the carbon flat products and tubular and pipe products segments than the specialty metals flat products segment.  Due to the differences in average selling prices, gross profit and gross profit percentage among the segments, a change in the mix of sales could impact total net sales, gross profit, and gross profit percentage.  In addition, certain inventory in the tubular and pipe products segment is valued under the LIFO method.  Adjustments to the LIFO inventory value are recorded to cost of materials sold and may impact the gross margin and gross margin percentage at the consolidated Company and tubular and pipe products segment levels.

Specialty metals flat products

The primary focus of our specialty metals flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of processed aluminum and stainless flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products, prime tin mill products and fabricated parts. Through recent acquisitions, our specialty metals flat products segment has expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe and prime tin mill products.

Carbon flat products

The primary focus of our carbon flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. Through prior acquisitions, our carbon flat products segment expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers, steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. Through the recent acquisition of Metal-Fab on January 3, 2023, the carbon flat products segment further expanded its product offerings to include venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications. These new product offerings generate higher gross profit as a percentage of sales when compared to traditional carbon service center business.

We act as an intermediary between metals producers and manufacturers that require processed metal for their operations. We serve customers in most metal consuming industries, including manufacturers and fabricators of transportation and material handling equipment, construction and farm machinery, storage tanks, environmental and energy generation equipment, automobiles, military vehicles and equipment, as well as general and plate fabricators and metal service centers. We distribute these products primarily through a directed sales force.

Combined, the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments have 36 strategically-located processing and distribution facilities in the United States and one in Monterrey, Mexico. Many of our facilities service both the carbon and the specialty metals flat products segments, and certain assets and resources are shared by the segments. Our geographic footprint allows us to focus on regional customers and larger national and multi-national accounts, primarily located throughout the midwestern, eastern and southern United States.

Tubular and pipe products

Through our tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary, or CTI, we distribute metal tubing, pipe, bar, valve and fittings and fabricate parts supplied to various industrial markets.  CTI operates from seven locations in the Midwestern and southeastern United States.  The tubular and pipe products segment distributes its products primarily through a direct sales force.

Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

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Results of Operations

Our results of operations are impacted by the market price of metals.  Metals prices fluctuate significantly and changes to our net sales, cost of materials sold, gross profit, cost of inventory and profitability, are all impacted by industry metals pricing. Index pricing on carbon steel decreased during the second quarter of 2023 by $274 per ton, or 23.8%, and increased during the first six months of 2023 by $214 per ton, or 32.2%. Metals prices in our specialty metals flat-product segment decreased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, primarily due decreased metal surcharges when compared to the same period in 2022. Our average selling prices and average cost of materials sold were lower in the second quarter and the first six months of 2023 than during the same periods of 2022, primarily due to the continued elevated pricing environment experienced in 2022. 

Transactional or “spot” selling prices generally move in tandem with market price changes, while fixed selling prices typically lag and reset quarterly. Similarly, inventory costs (and, therefore, cost of materials sold) tend to move slower than market selling price changes due to mill lead times and inventory turnover impacting the rate of change in average cost. When average selling prices increase, and net sales increase, gross profit and operating expenses as a percentage of net sales will generally decrease.

Consolidated Operations

The following table presents consolidated operating results for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
		$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales
Net sales	$	569,268		100.0	$	709,176		100.0	$	1,142,344		100.0	$	1,405,509		100.0
Cost of materials sold (a)		441,872		77.6		560,546		79.0		894,508		78.3		1,115,653		79.4
Gross profit (b)		127,396		22.4		148,630		21.0		247,836		21.7		289,856		20.6
Operating expenses (c)		101,624		17.9		94,765		13.4		204,341		17.9		182,869		13.0
Operating income		25,772		4.5		53,865		7.6		43,495		3.8		106,987		7.6
Other loss, net		28		0.0		15		0.0		39		0.0		21		0.0
Interest and other expense on debt		4,203		0.7		2,271		0.3		8,426		0.7		4,269		0.3
Income before income taxes		21,541		3.8		51,579		7.3		35,030		3.1		102,697		7.3
Income taxes		6,522		1.2		13,955		2.0		10,139		0.9		27,771		2.0
Net income	$	15,019		2.6	$	37,624		5.3	$	24,891		2.2	$	74,926		5.3

(a) Includes $1,000 of LIFO income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. 

(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  

Net sales decreased $140 million, or 19.7%, to $569.3 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $709.2 million in the second quarter of 2022. Specialty metals flat products net sales were 25.8% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 32.0% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2022. Carbon flat products net sales were 57.4% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 52.3% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2022. Tubular and pipe products net sales were 16.8% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 15.7% of total net sales in the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in net sales was due to a consolidated 21.0% decrease in average selling prices during the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022, partially offset by a 2.0% increase in sales volume.

Net sales decreased $263 million, or 18.7%, to $1.1 billion in the first six months of 2023 from $1.4 billion in the first six months of 2022. Specialty metals flat products net sales were 27.4% of total net sales in the first six months of 2023 compared to 30.3% of total net sales in the first six months of 2022. Carbon flat products net sales were 55.7% of total net sales in the first six months of 2023 compared to 53.4% of total net sales in the first six months of 2022. Tubular and pipe products net sales were 16.8% of total net sales in the first six months of 2023 compared to 16.3% of total net sales in the first six months of 2022. The decrease in net sales was due to a consolidated 20.0% decrease in average selling prices during the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022, partially offset by a 2.0% increase in sales volume.

Cost of materials sold decreased $119 million, or 21.2%, to $441.9 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $560.5 million in the second quarter of 2022.  Cost of materials sold decreased $221 million, or 19.8%, to $894.5 million in the first six months of 2023 from $1.1 billion in the first six months of 2022.  The decrease in cost of materials sold in the second quarter and first six months of 2023 is related to the decreased metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations.

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As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 22.4% in the second quarter of 2023 from 21.0% in the second quarter of 2022.  As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 21.7% in the first six months of 2023 from 20.6% in the first six months of 2022.  The increase in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales is due to the average cost of inventory decreasing more than the average selling prices and additional gross profit generated from the Metal-Fab acquisition. 

Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2023 increased $6.9 million, or 7.2%, to $101.6 million from $94.8 million in the second quarter of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 17.9% for the second quarter of 2023 from 13.4% in the second quarter of 2022. Operating expenses in the specialty metals flat products segment decreased $8.3 million, operating expenses in the carbon flat products segment increased $14.4 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment increased $1.3 million and Corporate expenses decreased $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022. The increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to the inclusion of Metal-Fab operating expenses partially offset by lower variable performance-based compensation.

Operating expenses in the first six months of 2023 increased $21.5 million, or 11.7%, to $204.3 million from $182.9 million in the first six months of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 17.9% in the first six months of 2023 from 13.0% in the first six months of 2022. Operating expenses in the specialty metals flat products segment decreased $13.1 million, operating expenses in the carbon flat products segment increased $27.9 million, operating expenses in the tubular and pipe products segment increased $5.4 million and Corporate expenses increased $1.3 million in the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022. The increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to the inclusion of Metal-Fab operating expenses, acquisition-related expenses and the year-over-year absence of the gain on the sale of the Milan, Illinois facility in the first quarter of 2022 partially offset by lower performance-based incentive compensation.

Interest and other expense on debt totaled $4.2 million, or 0.7% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2023 compared to $2.3 million, or 0.3% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2022. Interest and other expense on debt totaled $8.4 million, or 0.7% of net sales, in the first six months of 2023 compared to $4.3 million, or 0.3% of net sales, in the first six months of 2022. The increase was due to a higher effective borrowing rate partially offset by lower average borrowings in the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022. Our effective borrowing rate, exclusive of deferred financing fees and commitment fees, was 5.4% for the first six months of 2023 compared to 2.5% for the first six months of 2022.

In the second quarter of 2023, income before income taxes totaled $21.5 million compared to income before income taxes of $51.6 million in the second quarter of 2022. In the first six months of 2023, income before income taxes totaled $35.0 million compared to income before income taxes of $102.7 million in the first six months of 2022.

An income tax provision of 30.3% was recorded for the second quarter of 2023, compared to an income tax provision of 27.1% for the second quarter of 2022.  The increase in the effective tax rate is attributable to increased transactional sales and profit in Mexico, which carry a higher effective tax rate than the United States.  An income tax provision of 28.9% was recorded for the first six months of 2023, compared to an income tax provision of 27.0% for the first six months of 2022.  Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are considered in the relevant period.  Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. 

Net income for the second quarter of 2023 totaled $15.0 million, or $1.30 per basic share and diluted share, compared to net income of $37.6 million, or $3.26 per basic and diluted share, for the second quarter of 2022. Net income for the first six months of 2023 totaled $24.9 million, or $2.15 per basic share and diluted share, compared to net income of $74.9 million, or $6.49 per basic and diluted share, for the first six months of 2022.

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Segment Operations

Specialty metals flat products

The following table presents selected operating results for our specialty metals flat products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands, except for per ton information):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
			% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales
Direct tons sold		28,095				37,345				59,643				74,173
Toll tons sold		616				1,041				1,584				2,657
Total tons sold		28,711				38,386				61,227				76,830
Net sales	$	147,000		100.0	$	226,964		100.0	$	313,564		100.0	$	426,443		100.0
Average selling price per ton		5,120				5,913				5,121				5,550
Cost of materials sold		122,600		83.4		164,441		72.5		260,313		83.0		305,431		71.6
Gross profit (a)		24,400		16.6		62,523		27.5		53,251		17.0		121,012		28.4
Operating expenses (b)		17,721		12.1		26,050		11.5		37,313		11.9		50,455		11.8
Operating income	$	6,679		4.5	$	36,473		16.1	$	15,938		5.1	$	70,557		16.5

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  

Tons sold by our specialty metals flat products segment decreased 25.2% to 29 thousand in the second quarter of 2023 from 38 thousand in the second quarter of 2022.  Tons sold by our specialty metals flat products segment decreased 20.3% to 61 thousand in the first six months of 2023 from 77 thousand in the first six months of 2022.  The decrease in tons sold was primarily due to an overall market decrease in the demand for stainless steel as domestic stainless steel mills ended their allocation programs during the second half of 2022 into the beginning of 2023.

Net sales in our specialty metals flat products segment decreased $80.0 million, or 35.2%, to $147.0 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $227.0 million in the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in sales was due to a 13.4% decrease in average selling prices and a 25.2% decrease in sales volume during the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022. Average selling prices in the second quarter of 2023 were $5,120 per ton, compared with $5,913 per ton in the second quarter of 2022, and $5,123 per ton in the first quarter of 2023.

Net sales in our specialty metals flat products segment decreased $112.9 million, or 26.5%, to $313.6 million in the first six months of 2023 from $426.4 million in the first six months of 2022. The decrease in sales was due to a 7.7% decrease in average selling prices and a 20.3% decrease in sales volume during the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022. Average selling prices in the first six months of 2023 were $5,121 per ton, compared with $5,550 per ton in the first six months of 2022.

Cost of materials sold in our specialty metals flat products segment decreased $41.8 million, or 25.4%, to $122.6 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $164.4 million in the second quarter of 2022. Cost of materials sold in our specialty metals flat products segment decreased $45.1 million, or 14.8%, to $260.3 million in the first six months of 2023 from $305.4 million in the first six months of 2022. The decrease in cost of materials sold was due to the decreased industry metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations and decreased sales volume.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) decreased to 16.6% in the second quarter of 2023 from 27.5% in the second quarter of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) decreased to 17.0% in the first six months of 2023 from 28.4% in the first six months of 2022. The decrease in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales was due to the impact of the decreased average selling prices discussed above in Results of Operations.

Operating expenses decreased $8.3 million, or 32.0%, to $17.7 million in the second quarter of 2022 from $26.1 million in the second quarter of 2022.  As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 12.1% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 11.5% in the second quarter of 2022.  Operating expenses decreased $13.1 million, or 26.0%, to $37.3 million in the first six months of 2023 from $50.5 million in the first six months of 2022.  As a percentage of net sales, operating expenses increased to 11.9% in the first six months of 2023 compared to 11.8% in the first six months of 2022.   The decrease in operating expenses was primarily attributable decreased variable performance-based incentive compensation and decreased variable operating expenses due to decreased sales volume. 

Operating income in the second quarter of 2023 totaled $6.7 million, or 4.5% of net sales, compared to $36.5 million, or 16.1% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2022. Operating income in the first six months of 2023 totaled $15.9 million, or 5.1% of net sales, compared to $70.6 million, or 16.5% of net sales, in the first six months of 2022.

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Carbon flat products

The following table presents selected operating results for our carbon flat products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands, except for per ton information):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
			% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales				% of net sales
Direct tons sold		216,783				202,700				426,565				402,521
Toll tons sold		9,492				7,904				18,048				14,166
Total tons sold		226,275				210,604				444,613				416,687
Net sales	$	326,629		100.0	$	370,665		100.0	$	636,447		100.0	$	750,214		100.0
Average selling price per ton		1,444				1,760				1,431				1,800
Cost of materials sold		253,072		77.5		310,633		83.8		501,508		78.8		638,346		85.1
Gross profit (a)		73,557		22.5		60,032		16.2		134,939		21.2		111,868		14.9
Operating expenses (b)		58,862		18.0		44,414		12.0		114,298		18.0		86,375		11.5
Operating income	$	14,695		4.5	$	15,618		4.2	$	20,641		3.2	$	25,493		3.4

(a) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(b) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold.  

Tons sold by our carbon flat products segment increased 7.4% to 226 thousand in the second quarter of 2023 from 211 thousand in the second quarter of 2022. Tons sold by our carbon flat products segment increased 6.7% to 445 thousand in the first six months of 2023 from 417 thousand in the first six months of 2022.

Net sales in our carbon flat products segment decreased $44.0 million, or 11.9%, to $326.6 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $370.7 million in the second quarter of 2022. The decrease in sales was attributable to a 18.0% decrease in average selling prices in the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022, partially offset by a 7.4% increase in tons sold and an increase in sales generated from the Metal-Fab acquisition, which does not report tons sold. Average selling prices in the second quarter of 2023 decreased to $1,444 per ton, compared with $1,760 per ton in the second quarter of 2022 and $1,419 per ton in the first quarter of 2023.

Net sales in our carbon flat products segment decreased $113.8 million, or 15.2%, to $636.4 million in the first six months of 2023 from $750.2 million in the first six months of 2022.  The decrease in sales was attributable to a 20.5% decrease in average selling prices in the first six months of 2023 compared to the first six months of 2022, offset by a 6.7% increase in tons sold and an increase in sales generated from the Metal-Fab acquisition, which does not report tons sold.  Average selling prices in the first six months of 2023 decreased to $1,431 per ton, compared with $1,800 per ton in the first six months of 2022. 

Cost of materials sold decreased $57.6 million, or 18.5%, to $253.1 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $310.6 million in the second quarter of 2022. Cost of materials sold decreased $136.8 million, or 21.4%, to $501.5 million in the first six months of 2023 from $638.3 million in the first six months of 2022. The decrease was due to the decreased market price for metals discussed above in Results of Operations partially offset by an increase in sales volume and an increase in the cost of material sold from the Metal-Fab acquisition. In addition, we recorded $2.1 million of non-recurring amortization expense of inventory step up to fair market value adjustments made as part of the Purchase Price Allocation for the January 3, 2023 acquisition of Metal-Fab.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 22.5% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 16.2% in the second quarter of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (a) in the table above) increased to 21.2% in the first six months of 2023 compared to 14.9% in the first six months of 2022. The increase in the gross profit as a percentage of net sales was due to average cost of inventory decreasing more than the average selling prices and additional gross profit generated from the Metal-Fab acquisition.

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Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2023 increased $14.4 million, or 32.5%, to $58.9 million from $44.4 million in the second quarter of 2022.  Operating expenses increased to 18.0% of net sales in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 12.0% in the second quarter of 2022.  Operating expenses in the first six months of 2023 increased $27.9 million, or 32.3%, to $114.3 million from $86.4 million in the first six months of 2022.  Operating expenses increased to 18.0% of net sales in the first six months of 2023 compared to 11.5% in the first six months of 2022.  The year-over-year increase in operating expenses was primarily attributable to the inclusion of Metal-Fab operating expenses partially offset by lower variable performance-based compensation.

Operating income in the second quarter of 2023 totaled $14.7 million, or 4.5% of net sales, compared to operating income of $15.6 million, or 4.2% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2022. Operating income in the first six months of 2023 totaled $20.6 million, or 3.2% of net sales, compared to operating income of $25.5 million, or 3.4% of net sales, in the first six months of 2022.

Tubular and pipe products

The following table presents selected operating results for our tubular and pipe products segment for the periods indicated (dollars are shown in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,								For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023				2022				2023				2022
		$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales			$	% of net sales
Net sales	$	95,639		100.0	$	111,547		100.0	$	192,333		100.0	$	228,852		100.0
Cost of materials sold (a)		66,200		69.2		85,472		76.6		132,687		69.0		171,876		75.1
Gross profit (b)		29,439		30.8		26,075		23.4		59,646		31.0		56,976		24.9
Operating expenses (c)		20,068		21.0		18,775		16.8		40,534		21.1		35,094		15.3
Operating income	$	9,371		9.8	$	7,300		6.5	$	19,112		9.9	$	21,882		9.7

(a) Includes $1,000 of LIFO income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

(b) Gross profit is calculated as net sales less the cost of materials sold.

(c) Operating expenses are calculated as total costs and expenses less the cost of materials sold. 

Net sales decreased $15.9 million, or 14.3%, to $95.6 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $111.5 million in the second quarter of 2022.  The decrease is a result of a 8.4% decrease in average selling prices and a 6.4% decrease in shipping volume during the second quarter of 2023 compared to the second quarter of 2022.  Net sales decreased $36.5 million, or 16.0%, to $192.3 million in the first six months of 2023 from $228.9 million in the first six months of 2022.  The decrease was a result of a 9.3% decrease in average selling prices and a 7.4% decrease in shipping volume during the first six months of 2023 compared to the first sixth months of 2022. 

Cost of materials sold decreased $19.3 million, or 22.5%, to $66.2 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $85.3 million in the second quarter of 2022. Cost of materials sold decreased $39.2 million, or 22.8%, to $132.7 million in the first six months of 2023 from $171.9 million in the first six months of 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 we recorded $1.0 million of LIFO income. We did not record any LIFO expense or income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in cost of materials sold was due to the decreased industry metals pricing discussed above in Results of Operations.

As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 30.8% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 23.4% in the second quarter of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, the LIFO income recorded in the second quarter of 2023 increased gross profit by 1.0%. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit (as defined in footnote (b) in the table above) increased to 31.0% in the first six months of 2023 compared to 24.9% in the first six months of 2022. As a percentage of net sales, the LIFO income recorded in the first six months of 2023 increased gross profit by 0.5%.

Operating expenses in the second quarter of 2023 increased $1.3 million, or 6.9%, to $20.1 million from $18.8 million in the second quarter of 2022. Operating expenses increased to 21.0% of net sales in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 16.8% in the second quarter of 2022. Operating expenses in the first six months of 2023 increased $5.4 million, or 15.5%, to $40.5 million from $35.1 million in the first six months of 2022. Operating expenses increased to 21.1% of net sales in the first six months of 2023 compared to 15.3% in the first six months of 2022. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increased variable performance-based compensation, the year-over-year absence of the gain on the sale of the Milan, Illinois facility in the first quarter of 2022 and higher inflation-driven distribution expense.

Operating income in the second quarter 2023 totaled $9.4 million, or 9.8% of net sales, compared to $7.3 million, or 6.5% of net sales, in the second quarter of 2022. Operating income in the first six months of 2023 totaled $19.1 million, or 9.9% of net sales, compared to $21.9 million, or 9.7% of net sales, in the first six months of 2022.

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Corporate expenses

Corporate expenses decreased $0.5 million, or 10.0%, to $5.0 million in the second quarter of 2023 from $5.5 million in the second quarter of 2022. Corporate expenses increased $1.3 million, or 11.4%, to $12.2 million in the first six months of 2023 from $10.9 million in the first six months of 2022. Corporate expense primarily increased due to the $2.6 of acquisition-related expenses partially offset by lower performance-based compensation.

Liquidity, Capital Resources and Cash Flows

Our principal capital requirements include funding working capital needs, purchasing, upgrading and acquiring processing equipment and facilities, making acquisitions and paying dividends. We use cash generated from operations and borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility to fund these requirements.

We believe that funds available under our ABL Credit Facility, together with funds generated from operations, will be sufficient to provide us with the liquidity necessary to fund anticipated working capital requirements, capital expenditure requirements, our dividend payments and any share repurchases and business acquisitions over at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future thereafter. In the future, we may as part of our business strategy, acquire and dispose of assets or other companies in the same or complementary lines of business, or enter into or exit strategic alliances and joint ventures. Accordingly, the timing and size of our capital requirements are subject to change as business conditions warrant and opportunities arise.

Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated $79.2 million of net cash from operations, of which $45.8 million was generated from operating activities and $33.4 million was generated from working capital.  For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we generated $47.7 million of net cash from operations, of which $94.2 million was generated from operating activities and $46.5 million was used for working capital.

Net cash from operating activities totaled $45.8 million during the first six months of 2023 and was mainly comprised of net income of $24.9 million, the non-cash depreciation and amortization addback of $13.0 million, decreases in other long-term assets of $3.7 million and changes in other long-term liabilities of $3.5 million.  Net cash from operating activities totaled $94.2 million during the first six months of 2022 and was mainly comprised of net income of $74.9 million, the non-cash depreciation and amortization addback of $10.2 million, changes in other long-term liabilities of $8.7 million and decreases in other long-term assets of $1.9 million. 

Working capital at June 30, 2023, including amounts acquired from the January 3, 2023 acquisition of Metal-Fab, totaled $481.8 million, a $11.6 million decrease from December 31, 2022.  Exclusive of the $22.1 million working capital acquired from Metal-Fab, the decrease was primarily attributable to a $13.5 million decrease in accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities and a $2.9 million increase in prepaid expenses and other, offset by a $28.2 million decrease in inventories, a $2.4 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $19.1 million increase in accounts payable and outstanding checks.

Investing Activities

Net cash used for investing activities totaled $144.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. Net cash used for investing activities primarily consisted of the $129.5 million acquisition of Metal-Fab, inclusive of cash acquired of $1.7 million, $15.1 million in new capital expenditures offset by $0.1 million in proceeds from the disposition of property and equipment. Net cash used for investing activities totaled $6.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022, and primarily consisted of $10.0 million in new capital expenditures offset by $3.3 million in proceeds primarily from the sale of the Milan, Illinois facility.

The capital expenditures in the first six months of 2023 and 2022 were primarily attributable to additional processing equipment at our existing facilities.

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Financing Activities

During the first six months of 2023, $68.3 million of cash was generated from financing activities, which primarily consisted of $72.6 million of net borrowings under our ABL Credit Facility, offset by $2.8 million of dividends paid, $1.1 million of credit facility fees and expenses related to the amended ABL Credit Facility and $0.5 million of principal payments under capital lease obligations.

Dividends paid were $2.8 million and $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. In August 2023, our Board of Directors approved a regular quarterly dividend of $0.125 per share, which will be paid on September 15, 2023 to shareholders of record as of September 1, 2023. Regular dividend distributions in the future are subject to the availability of cash, the $15.0 million annual limitation on cash dividends and common stock repurchases under our ABL Credit Facility and continuing determination by our Board of Directors that the payment of dividends remains in the best interest of our shareholders.

Stock Repurchase Program

In 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of our issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Repurchased shares will be held in our treasury, or canceled and retired as our Board of Directors may determine from time to time. Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility. Under the ABL Credit Facility, we may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $15.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions. Purchases in excess of $15.0 million require us to (i) maintain availability in excess of 20% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($125.0 million at June 30, 2023) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($93.8 million at June 30, 2023) and we must maintain a pro forma ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00. The timing and amount of any repurchases under the stock repurchase program will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, and limitations under the ABL Credit Facility, and repurchases may be discontinued at any time. As of June 30, 2023, 360,212 shares remain authorized for repurchase under the program.

There were no shares repurchased during 2023 or 2022.

At- the-Market Equity Program

On September 3, 2021, we commenced an at-the-market, or ATM, equity program under our shelf registration statement, which allows us to sell and issue up to $50 million in shares of our common stock from time to time. We entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement on September 3, 2021 with KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., or KeyBanc, relating to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock pursuant to the program. KeyBanc is not required to sell any specific amount of securities but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between KeyBanc and us. KeyBanc will be entitled to compensation for shares sold pursuant to the program of 2.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement. No shares were sold under the ATM program during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, or June 30, 2022.

Debt Arrangements

On January 3, 2023, we entered into the Sixth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, which amended our existing ABL Credit Facility. The amendment increased the borrowing availability under the ABL Credit Facility by $150 million from $475 million to $625 million. The $625 million ABL Credit Facility consists of: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $595 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility we may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments, and add real estate as collateral at our discretion. The ABL Credit Facility matures on June 16, 2026.

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The ABL Credit Facility is collateralized by our accounts receivable, inventory, personal property and certain real estate. The ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit our ability to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to us; (vi) incur liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of their assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which requires if any commitments or obligations are outstanding and the our availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($62.5 million at June 30, 2023) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($58.6 million at June 30, 2023), then we must maintain a ratio of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

We have the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25% or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%.

On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, we amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. Although we are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, we anticipate performance by the counterparty.

As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with its covenants and had approximately $343 million of availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, $2.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The financing fees are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility and are included in “Interest and other expense on debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Critical Accounting Policies

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based on the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. We monitor and evaluate our estimates and assumptions, based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We review our financial reporting and disclosure practices and accounting practices quarterly to ensure they provide accurate and transparent information relative to the current economic and business environment. For further information regarding the accounting policies that we believe to be critical accounting policies that affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our principal raw materials are carbon, coated and stainless steel, aluminum, pipe and tube, flat rolled coil, sheet and plate that we typically purchase from multiple primary metals producers. The metals industry as a whole is cyclical and, at times, pricing and availability of metals can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our control, including general domestic and international economic conditions, the levels of metals imported into the United States, labor costs, sales levels, competition, levels of inventory held by other metals service centers, consolidation of metals producers, new global capacity by metals producers, higher raw material costs for the producers of metals, import duties and tariffs and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly affect the availability and cost of raw materials for us.

We, like many other metals service centers, maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just‑in‑time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals in an effort to maintain our inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. Our commitments to purchase metals are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. We have no long‑term, fixed‑price metals purchase contracts. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we can pass on to our customers. To the extent we are unable to pass on future price increases in our raw materials to our customers, the net sales and profitability of our business could be adversely affected. When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments as we sell existing inventory. Significant or rapid declines in metals prices or reductions in sales volumes could adversely impact our ability to remain in compliance with certain financial covenants in our credit facility, as well as result in us incurring inventory or intangible asset impairment charges. Changing metals prices therefore could significantly impact our net sales, gross profits, operating income and net income.

Rising metals prices result in higher working capital requirements for us and our customers. Some customers may not have sufficient credit lines or liquidity to absorb significant increases in the price of metals. While we have generally been successful in the past in passing on producers’ price increases and surcharges to our customers, there is no guarantee that we will be able to pass on price increases to our customers in the future. Declining metals prices have generally adversely affected our net sales and net income, while increasing metals prices have generally favorably affected our net sales and net income.

Approximately 51% of our consolidated net sales during the first six months of 2023 and 2022 were directly related to industrial machinery and equipment manufacturers and their fabricators.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing the cost of employee wages and benefits, transportation services, energy, borrowings under our credit facility, processing equipment, and purchased metals. Although general inflation, excluding increases in the price of metals and increased labor and distribution expense, has increased during the first half of 2023, it has not had a material effect on our financial results during the last three years, but may have a significant impact in future years.

We are exposed to the impact of fluctuating metals prices and interest rate changes. During 2023 and 2022, we entered into metals swaps at the request of customers. These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. For certain customers, we enter into contractual relationships that entitle us to pass through the economic effect of trading positions that we take with other third parties on our customers’ behalf.

Our primary interest rate risk exposure results from variable rate debt. On January 10, 2019, we entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, we amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. Although we are exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, we anticipate performance by the counterparty. We have the option to enter into 30- to 180-day fixed base rate SOFR loans under the ABL Credit Facility.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act) of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q has been carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. These disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that are filed with or submitted to the SEC is: (i) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Items 1, 1A, 2, 3 and 4 of this Part II are either inapplicable or are answered in the negative and are omitted pursuant to the instructions to Part II.

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit	Description of Document	Reference
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
32.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
101	The following materials from Olympic Steel’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and (vii) document and entity information.
104	Cover Pager Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	OLYMPIC STEEL, INC. (Registrant)
Date: August 4, 2023	By:	/s/ Richard T. Marabito
	Richard T. Marabito
	Chief Executive Officer
	By:	/s/ Richard A. Manson
	Richard A. Manson
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)

(Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

I, Richard T. Marabito, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Olympic Steel, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By: /s/ Richard T. Marabito

Richard T. Marabito
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Chief Executive Officer

August 4, 2023

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 78m(a) or 78o(d)

(Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

I, Richard A. Manson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Olympic Steel, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By: /s/ Richard A. Manson

Richard A. Manson
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Chief Financial Officer

August 4, 2023

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350

(Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

I, Richard T. Marabito, the Chief Executive Officer of Olympic Steel, Inc. (the “Company”), certify that to the best of my knowledge, based upon a review of this report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023 of the Company (the “Report”):

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company, as of the dates and for the periods expressed in this Report.

By: /s/ Richard T. Marabito

Richard T. Marabito

Olympic Steel, Inc.
Chief Executive Officer

August 4, 2023

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350

(Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

I, Richard A. Manson, the Chief Financial Officer of Olympic Steel, Inc. (the “Company”), certify that to the best of my knowledge, based upon a review of this report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2023 of the Company (the “Report”):

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods expressed in this Report.

By: /s/ Richard A. Manson

Richard A. Manson
Olympic Steel, Inc.
Chief Financial Officer

August 4, 2023

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Aug. 04, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-23320
Entity Registrant Name	OLYMPIC STEEL, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	OH
Entity Tax Identification Number	34-1245650
Entity Address, Address Line One	22901 Millcreek Boulevard, Suite 650
Entity Address, City or Town	Highland Hills
Entity Address, State or Province	OH
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	44122
City Area Code	216
Local Phone Number	292-3800
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, without par value
Trading Symbol	ZEUS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		11,132,542
Entity Central Index Key	0000917470
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,170	$ 12,189
Accounts receivable, net	227,992	219,789
Inventories, net (includes LIFO reserves of $19,301 and $20,301 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)	405,944	416,931
Prepaid expenses and other	11,510	9,197
Total current assets	660,616	658,106
Property and equipment, at cost	463,291	429,810
Accumulated depreciation	(288,300)	(281,478)
Net property and equipment	174,991	148,332
Goodwill	43,690	10,496
Intangible assets, net	84,944	32,035
Other long-term assets	15,958	14,434
Right of use assets, net	33,783	28,224
Total assets	1,013,982	891,627
Liabilities
Accounts payable	124,087	101,446
Accrued payroll	25,180	40,334
Other accrued liabilities	22,647	16,824
Current portion of lease liabilities	6,878	6,098
Total current liabilities	178,792	164,702
Credit facility revolver	238,240	165,658
Other long-term liabilities	17,334	12,619
Deferred income taxes	13,611	10,025
Lease liabilities	27,542	22,655
Total liabilities	475,519	375,659
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock	0	0
Common stock	135,566	134,724
Accumulated other comprehensive income	856	1,311
Retained earnings	402,041	379,933
Total shareholders' equity	538,463	515,968
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 1,013,982	$ 891,627

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
LIFO Debit	$ 19,301	$ 20,301

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net sales	$ 569,268	$ 709,176	$ 1,142,344	$ 1,405,509
Costs and expenses
Cost of materials sold (excludes items shown separately below)	441,872	560,546	894,508	1,115,653
Warehouse and processing	31,522	27,624	62,171	51,672
Administrative and general	31,681	31,969	64,866	61,591
Distribution	17,448	16,441	35,189	31,482
Selling	10,389	10,494	20,786	21,316
Occupancy	4,111	3,291	8,655	6,880
Depreciation	5,245	4,354	10,322	8,704
Amortization	1,228	592	2,352	1,224
Total costs and expenses	543,496	655,311	1,098,849	1,298,522
Operating income	25,772	53,865	43,495	106,987
Other loss, net	28	15	39	21
Income before interest and income taxes	25,744	53,850	43,456	106,966
Interest and other expense on debt	4,203	2,271	8,426	4,269
Income before income taxes	21,541	51,579	35,030	102,697
Income tax provision	6,522	13,955	10,139	27,771
Net income	15,019	37,624	24,891	74,926
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedge	(201)	(246)	(606)	2,045
Tax effect on cash flow hedge	(50)	(62)	(151)	511
Total comprehensive income	$ 14,868	$ 37,440	$ 24,436	$ 76,460
Earnings per share:
Net income per share - basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.30	$ 3.26	$ 2.15	$ 6.49
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	11,569	11,538	11,570	11,536
Net income per share - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.30	$ 3.26	$ 2.15	$ 6.49
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	11,572	11,545	11,572	11,540
Dividends declared per share of common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.125	$ 0.090	$ 0.250	$ 0.180

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cash flows from (used for) operating activities:
Net income	$ 24,891	$ 74,926
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities -
Depreciation and amortization	12,674	9,928
Amortization of deferred financing fees	326	228
(Gain) on disposition of property and equipment	(87)	(2,183)
Stock-based compensation	842	662
Other long-term assets	3,678	1,854
Other long-term liabilities	3,519	8,738
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities, Excluding Changes in Working Capital	45,843	94,153
Changes in working capital:
Accounts receivable	2,394	(36,347)
Inventories	28,223	(26,106)
Prepaid expenses and other	(2,866)	(4,359)
Accounts payable	17,821	28,922
Change in outstanding checks	1,301	4,839
Accrued payroll and other accrued liabilities	(13,520)	(13,415)
Increase (Decrease) in Operating Capital	33,353	(46,466)
Net cash from operating activities	79,196	47,687
Cash flows from (used for) investing activities:
Acquisitions	(129,476)	0
Capital expenditures	(15,117)	(10,022)
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment	128	3,292
Net cash used for investing activities	(144,465)	(6,730)
Cash flows from (used for) financing activities:
Credit facility revolver borrowings	418,372	384,392
Credit facility revolver repayments	(345,789)	(424,276)
Principal payment under capital lease obligation	(472)	(336)
Credit facility fees and expenses	(1,078)	(100)
Dividends paid	(2,783)	(2,003)
Net cash from (used for) financing activities	68,250	(42,323)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Net change	2,981	(1,366)
Beginning balance	12,189	9,812
Ending balance	15,170	8,446
Interest paid	7,638	4,006
Income taxes paid	$ 3,816	$ 18,985

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 133,427	$ (1,996)	$ 293,008	$ 424,439
Net income	0	0	74,926	74,926
Payment of dividends	0	0	(2,003)	(2,003)
Stock-based compensation	662	0	0	662
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax	0	1,534	0	1,534
Other	0	0	1	1
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	134,089	(462)	365,932	499,559
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	133,754	(277)	329,309	462,786
Net income	0	0	37,624	37,624
Payment of dividends	0	0	(1,002)	(1,002)
Stock-based compensation	335	0	0	335
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax	0	(184)	0	(184)
Other	0	(1)	1	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	134,089	(462)	365,932	499,559
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	134,724	1,311	379,933	515,968
Net income	0	0	24,891	24,891
Payment of dividends	0	0	(2,783)	(2,783)
Stock-based compensation	842	0	0	842
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax	0	(455)	0	(455)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	135,566	856	402,041	538,463
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	135,131	1,007	388,413	524,551
Net income	0	0	15,019	15,019
Payment of dividends	0	0	(1,392)	(1,392)
Stock-based compensation	435	0	0	435
Changes in fair value of hedges, net of tax	0	(151)	0	(151)
Other	0	0	1	1
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 135,566	$ 856	$ 402,041	$ 538,463

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Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1. Basis of Presentation:

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared from the financial records of Olympic Steel, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, Olympic or the Company), without audit and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly state the results of the interim periods covered by this report. Year-to-date results are not necessarily indicative of 2023 annual results and these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company operates in three reportable segments: specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments. Some of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments, and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. As such, total assets and capital expenditures are reported in the aggregate for the flat products segments. Due to the shared assets and resources, certain of the flat products segment expenses are allocated between the specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment based upon an established allocation methodology.

The primary focus of the specialty metals flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of processed stainless and aluminum flat-rolled sheet and coil products, flat bar products and fabricated parts. Through recent acquisitions, the specialty metals flat products segment has expanded its geographic footprint and enhanced its product offerings in stainless steel and aluminum plate, sheet, angles, rounds, flat bar, tubing and pipe and prime tin mill products.

The primary focus of the carbon flat products segment is on the direct sale and distribution of large volumes of processed carbon and coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products and fabricated parts. Through recent acquisitions, the carbon flat products segment has expanded its product offerings to include self-dumping metal hoppers, and steel and stainless-steel dump inserts for pickup truck and service truck beds. Through the acquisition of Metal-Fab, Inc. (Metal-Fab) on January 3, 2023, the carbon flat products segment further expanded its product offerings to include venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications.

The flat products segment acts as an intermediary between metals producers and manufacturers that require processed metals for their operations. The flat products segment serves customers in most metals consuming industries, including manufacturers and fabricators of transportation and material handling equipment, construction and farm machinery, storage tanks, environmental and energy generation equipment, automobiles, military vehicles and equipment, as well as general and plate fabricators and metals service centers. These products are primarily distributed through a direct sales force.

Combined, the carbon and specialty metals flat products segments have 36 strategically located processing and distribution facilities in the United States and one in Monterrey, Mexico. Many of our facilities service both the carbon and the specialty metals flat products segments, and certain assets and resources are shared by the segments. Our geographic footprint allows us to focus on regional customers and larger national and multi-national accounts, primarily located throughout the midwestern, eastern and southern United States

Through its tubular and pipe products segment, which consists of the Chicago Tube and Iron subsidiary (CTI), the Company distributes metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves and fittings and fabricate parts supplied to various industrial markets. CTI operates from seven locations in the Midwestern and southeastern United States. The tubular and pipe products segment distributes its products primarily through a direct sales force.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. The objective of this ASU is to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, “Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848”, which amends and extends the sunset date to December 31, 2024. The new standard was applied beginning in the first quarter of 2023 as the Company adjusted their ABL Credit Facility and fixed interest rate hedge. The application did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Note 2 - Acquisitions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

2. Acquisitions:

On January 3, 2023, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of capital stock of Metal-Fab for a cash purchase price of $131.2 million. Metal-Fab, headquartered in Wichita, Kansas, is a manufacturer of venting, micro air and clean air products for residential, commercial and industrial applications.

The Company paid total cash consideration of $131.2 million, consisting of a base purchase price of $131.0 million and a cash adjustment of $0.2 million. The acquisition was funded with borrowings under the Company’s asset-based credit facility (ABL Credit Facility). During 2023, the Company incurred $2.6 million of direct acquisition-related costs, which are included in “Administrative and general” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and $2.1 million of non-recurring amortization of inventory step up to fair market value adjustments, which are included in “Costs of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Purchase Price Allocation

The acquisition of Metal-Fab was accounted for as a business combination and the assets and liabilities were valued at fair market value on January 3, 2023, the date of acquisition. The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2023, reflects the allocation of Metal-Fab’s purchase price.

The final purchase price allocations presented below is based upon management’s estimate of the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities using Level 3 valuation techniques including income, cost and market approaches. The fair value estimates involve the use of estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the timing and amounts of future cash flows, revenue growth rates, discount rates, and royalty rates. The table below summarizes the final purchase price allocation of the fair market values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Details of Acquisition (in thousands)	Total
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,728
Accounts receivable, net		10,597
Prepaid expenses and other		740
Inventories, net		17,236
Property and equipment		20,408
Goodwill		33,194
Intangible assets		54,740
Right-of-use and other long-term assets		6,930
Total assets acquired		145,573
Total liabilities assumed		(14,369	)
Cash paid	$	131,204

In connection with the acquisition of Metal-Fab, the Company identified and valued certain intangible assets, including the Metal-Fab trade name, internally developed technology and know-how, restrictive covenants and customer relationships. The intangible assets were evaluated on the premise of highest and best use to a market participant, primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology. The trade name intangible asset was valued at $11.5 million, and the useful life was determined to be indefinite primarily due to their history and reputation in the marketplace, the Company’s expectation that the trade name will continue to be used, and the conclusion that there are currently no other factors identified that would limit their useful life. The internally developed technology and know-how intangible asset was valued at $5.3 million, and the useful life was determined to be 15 years. The non-compete agreements intangible asset was valued at $1.4 million, and the useful life was determined to be the length of the non-compete agreements, which range from two to five years. The customer relationships intangible asset was valued at $36.5 million, and the useful life was determined to be 26 years, based primarily on the consistent and predictable revenue source associated with the existing customer base, the present value of which extends through the twenty-six-year amortization period.

The accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income includes the revenues and expenses of Metal-Fab since the acquisition date. Metal-Fab’s operations are included within the carbon flat-rolled segment.

Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma summary of financial results presents the consolidated results of operations as if the Metal-Fab acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, after the effect of certain adjustments. The historical consolidated financial information has been adjusted to give effect to the impact of the consideration issued by the Company to Metal-Fab’s stockholders in connection with the acquisition and the effect of debt refinancing necessary to complete the transaction. The unaudited pro forma summary also includes certain purchase price accounting adjustments, including the items expected to have a continuing impact on combined results, such as depreciation and amortization expense on acquired assets. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information does not reflect the cost of any integration activities or benefits that may result from synergies that may be derived from integration activities.

The pro forma results have been presented for comparative purposes only and are not indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made on January 1, 2022, or of any potential results that may occur in the future.

	For the three months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	709,176	$	24,117	$	184		$	733,477
Net income (loss)	$	37,624	$	3,803	$	(2,817	)	$	38,610
Basic earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35

	For the six months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	1,405,509	$	46,802	$	368		$	1,452,679
Net income (loss)	$	74,926	$	7,845	$	(7,218	)	$	75,553
Basic earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55

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Note 3 - Revenue Recognition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]

3. Revenue Recognition:

The Company provides metals processing, distribution and delivery of large volumes of processed carbon, coated flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate products, aluminum, and stainless flat-rolled products, prime tin mill products, flat bar products, metal tubing, pipe, bar, valves, fittings, fabricated parts, venting, micro air and clean air products. The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of purchase orders with standard terms and conditions. Occasionally the Company may also have longer-term agreements with customers. Substantially all of the contracts with customers require the delivery of metals, which represent single performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time upon transfer of control of the product to the customer.

Transfer of control is assessed based on the use of the product distributed and rights to payment for performance under the contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue recognition for substantially all of the Company’s sales occur upon shipment or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the customer and is based on the applicable shipping terms. The shipping terms depend on the customer contract. An invoice for payment is issued at time of shipment and terms are generally net 30 days. The Company has certain fabrication contracts in one business unit for which revenue is recognized over time as performance obligations are achieved. This fabrication business is not material to the Company's consolidated results.

Within the metals industry, revenue is frequently disaggregated by products sold. The table below disaggregates the Company’s revenues by segment and products sold.

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		25.8	%		-			-			25.8	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.6	%		-			30.6	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			12.6	%		-			12.6	%
Coated		-			5.6	%		-			5.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			4.1	%		-			4.1	%
Other		-			4.5	%		-			4.5	%
Total		25.8	%		57.4	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		27.4	%		-			-			27.4	%
Hot Rolled		-			28.9	%		-			28.9	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			13.1	%		-			13.1	%
Coated		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Cold Rolled		-			3.8	%		-			3.8	%
Other		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Total		27.4	%		55.8	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		32.0	%		-			-			32.0	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.2	%		-			30.2	%
Tube		-			-			15.7	%		15.7	%
Plate		-			12.8	%		-			12.8	%
Coated		-			4.2	%		-			4.2	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		32.0	%		52.3	%		15.7	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		30.3	%		-			-			30.3	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.7	%		-			30.7	%
Tube		-			-			16.3	%		16.3	%
Plate		-			13.0	%		-			13.0	%
Coated		-			4.6	%		-			4.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		30.3	%		53.4	%		16.3	%		100.0	%

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Note 4 - Accounts Receivable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Financing Receivables [Text Block]

4. Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are presented net of allowances for credit losses and unissued credits of $4.1 million and $4.3 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered appropriate based on historical experience, specific customer collection issues that have been identified, current market conditions and estimates for supportable forecasts when appropriate. Estimations are based upon a calculated percentage of accounts receivable, which remains fairly level from year to year, and judgments about the probable effects of economic conditions on certain customers, which can fluctuate significantly from year to year. The Company cannot guarantee that the rate of future credit losses will be similar to past experience. The Company considers all available information when assessing the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses and unissued credits.

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Note 5 - Inventories

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

5. Inventories:

Inventories consisted of the following:

	Inventory as of
(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unprocessed	$	300,686	$	356,588
Processed and finished		105,258		60,343
Totals	$	405,944	$	416,931

The Company values certain of its tubular and pipe products inventory at the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $41.2 million, or 10.1% of consolidated inventory, and $46.3 million, or 11.1% of consolidated inventory, respectively, was reported under the LIFO method of accounting. The cost of the remainder of the tubular and pipe products inventory is determined using a weighted average rolling first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded $1.0 million of LIFO income. The Company did not record any LIFO expense or income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $19.3 million higher than reported at June 30, 2023 and $20.3 million higher than reported at December 31, 2022.

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Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets:

The Company’s intangible assets were recorded in connection with its acquisitions of Shaw Stainless & Alloy, Inc. (Shaw) in 2021, Action Stainless & Alloys, Inc. (Action Stainless) in 2020 and Berlin Metals, LLC in 2018 for the specialty metals flat products segment and Metal-Fab in 2023 and certain assets related to the manufacturing of the EZ Dumper® hydraulic dump inserts and McCullough Industries in 2019 for the carbon flat products segment. The intangible assets were evaluated on the premise of highest and best use to a market participant, primarily utilizing the income approach valuation methodology.

Goodwill, by reportable unit, was as follows as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

(in thousands)	Specialty Metals Flat Products		Carbon Flat Products		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	9,431	$	1,065	$	10,496
Acquisitions		-		33,194		33,194
Impairments		-		-		-
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	9,431	$	34,259	$	43,690

Intangible assets, net, consisted of the following as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated A mortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	59,059	$	(13,575	)	$	45,484
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		1,949		(480	)		1,469
Technology and know-how - subject to amortization		5,300		(177	)		5,123
Trade name - not subject to amortization		32,868		-			32,868
	$	99,176	$	(14,232	)	$	84,944

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	22,559	$	(12,100	)	$	10,459
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		509		(301	)		208
Trade name - not subject to amortization		21,368		-			21,368
	$	44,436	$	(12,401	)	$	32,035

The Company estimates that amortization expense for its intangible assets subject to amortization will be approximately $3.7 million per year for the next two years, $3.2 million the following year and then $2.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the next two years after.

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Note 7 - Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]

7. Leases:

The components of lease expense were as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	2,114	$	1,801	$	4,255	$	3,586
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	260	$	186	$	492	$	370
Interest on lease liabilities		39		13		75		28
Total finance lease cost	$	299	$	199	$	567	$	398

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,083	$	1,719	$	4,188	$	3,470
Operating cash flows from finance leases		39		13		75		28
Financing cash flows from finance leases		252		184		472		366
Total cash paid for lease liabilities	$	2,374	$	1,916	$	4,735	$	3,864

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	June 30,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease	$	52,601		$	45,987
Operating lease accumulated amortization		(18,818	)		(17,763	)
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		33,783			28,224
Operating lease current liabilities		6,878			6,098
Operating lease liabilities		27,542			22,655
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,420		$	28,753
Finance Leases
Finance lease	$	5,104		$	3,144
Finance lease accumulated depreciation		(2,048	)		(1,585	)
Finance lease, net		3,056			1,559
Finance lease current liabilities		1,034			594
Finance lease liabilities		2,137			1,025
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,171		$	1,619
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in years)		7			6
Finance leases (in years)		4			3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.91	%		3.41	%
Finance leases		4.83	%		3.56	%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

	Operating			Finance
(in thousands)	Leases			Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2023	$	4,113		$	508
2024		7,708			1,097
2025		6,495			790
2026		5,577			506
2027		4,435			335
Thereafter		10,962			248
Total future minimum lease payments	$	39,290		$	3,484
Less remaining imputed interest		(4,870	)		(313	)
Total	$	34,420		$	3,171

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Note 8 - Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

8. Debt:

The Company’s debt is comprised of the following components:

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026	$	238,240	$	165,658
Total debt	$	238,240	$	165,658

On January 3, 2023, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, which amended the Company’s existing ABL Credit Facility. The amendment increased the borrowing capacity under the ABL Credit Facility by $150 million from $475 million to $625 million. The $625 million ABL Credit Facility consists of: (i) a revolving credit facility of up to $595 million, including a $20 million sub-limit for letters of credit, and (ii) a first in, last out revolving credit facility of up to $30 million. Under the terms of the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, request additional commitments under the revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $200 million to the extent that existing or new lenders agree to provide such additional commitments, and add real estate as collateral at the Company’s discretion. The ABL Credit Facility matures on June 16, 2026.

The ABL Credit Facility is collateralized by the Company’s accounts receivable, inventory, personal property and certain real estate. The ABL Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties and certain covenants that limit the ability of the Company to, among other things: (i) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; (ii) pay distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock or redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; (iii) make investments; (iv) sell assets; (v) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from restricted subsidiaries to the Company; (vi) incur liens securing indebtedness; (vii) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; and (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates. In addition, the ABL Credit Facility contains a financial covenant which requires if any commitments or obligations are outstanding and the Company’s availability is less than the greater of $30 million or 10.0% of the aggregate amount of revolver commitments ($62.5 million at June 30, 2023) or 10.0% of the aggregate borrowing base ($58.6 million at June 30, 2023), then the Company must maintain a ratio of Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00 for the most recent twelve fiscal month period.

The Company has the option to borrow under its revolver based on the agent’s base rate plus a premium ranging from 0.00% to 0.25% or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus a premium ranging from 1.25% to 2.75%.

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

As of June 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its covenants and had approximately $343 million of availability under the ABL Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $2.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of bank financing fees were included in “Prepaid expenses and other” and “Other long-term assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The financing fees are being amortized over the five-year term of the ABL Credit Facility and are included in “Interest and other expense on debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

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Note 9 - Derivative Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]

9. Derivative Instruments:

Metals swaps and embedded customer derivatives

During 2023 and 2022, the Company entered into nickel swaps indexed to the London Metal Exchange (LME) price of nickel with third-party brokers. The nickel swaps are accounted for as derivatives for accounting purposes. The Company entered into them to mitigate its customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals. The outstanding nickel swaps mature in 2023. The swaps are settled with the brokers at maturity. The economic benefit or loss arising from the changes in fair value of the swaps is contractually passed through to the customer. The primary risk associated with the metals swaps is the ability of customers or third-party brokers to honor their agreements with the Company related to derivative instruments. If the customer or third-party brokers are unable to honor their agreements, the Company’s risk of loss is the fair value of the metals swaps.

These derivatives have not been designated as hedging instruments. The periodic changes in fair value of the metals and embedded customer derivative instruments are included in “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company recognizes derivative positions with both the customer and the third party for the derivatives and classifies cash settlement amounts associated with them as part of “Cost of materials sold” in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The cumulative change in fair value of the metals swaps that had not yet settled as of June 30, 2023, are included in “Other accrued liabilities” and the embedded customer derivatives are included in “Accounts receivable, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023.

Fixed rate interest rate hedge

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. The interest rate hedge is included in “Prepaid expenses and other” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023. Although the Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the interest rate hedge agreement, the Company anticipates performance by the counterparty.

The table below shows the total impact to the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income through net income of the derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	Net Gain (Loss) Recognized
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)
Metals swaps		(500	)		(1,445	)		(776	)		718
Embedded customer derivatives		500			1,445			776			(718	)
Total loss	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)

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Note 10 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

10. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities:

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no transfers of financial assets between Levels 1, 2 or 3 fair value measurements. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at June 30, 2023 since December 31, 2022.

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company:

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,317	$	-	$	3,317
Embedded customer derivative		-		410		-		410
Fixed interest rate hedge				1,142				1,142
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	4,869	$	-	$	4,869
Liabilities:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727
Total liabilities recorded at fair value	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748

The value of the items not recorded at fair value represent the carrying value of the liabilities.

The carrying value of the ABL Credit Facility was $238.2 million and $165.7 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Management believes that the ABL Credit Facility’s carrying value approximates its fair value due to the variable interest rate on the ABL Credit Facility.

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Note 11 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]

11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:

On January 10, 2019, the Company entered into a five-year forward starting fixed rate interest rate hedge in order to eliminate the variability of cash interest payments on $75 million of the outstanding LIBOR based borrowings under the ABL Credit Facility. On January 3, 2023, the Company amended the interest rate hedge agreement to use SOFR as the reference rate and updated the fixed rate to 2.42% from 2.57%. The fair value of the interest rate hedge of $1.1 million, net of tax of $0.3 million is included in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2023. The fair value of the interest rate hedge was $1.7 million, net of tax of $0.4 million at December 31, 2022.

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Note 12 - Equity Plans

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

12. Equity Plans:

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Units

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Olympic Steel 2007 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the Incentive Plan), the Company may grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units (RSUs), performance shares, and other stock- and cash-based awards to employees and directors of, and consultants to, the Company and its affiliates. Since adoption of the Incentive Plan, 1,400,000 shares of common stock have been authorized for equity grants.

On an annual basis, the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors awards RSUs to each non-employee director as part of their annual compensation. The annual awards for 2023 and 2022 per director were $80,000. Subject to the terms of the Incentive Plan and the RSU agreement, the RSUs vest after one year of service (from the date of grant). The RSUs are not converted into shares of common stock until the director either resigns or is terminated from the board of directors.

In January 2022, the Company adopted a new C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan (the C-Suite Plan) that operates under the Senior Manager Stock Incentive Plan. Under the C-Suite Plan, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the President and Chief Operating Officer are eligible for participation. In each calendar year, the Committee may award eligible participants a long-term incentive of both a RSU grant and a performance stock unit (PSU) grant. Additionally, the Committee may offer a long-term cash incentive (split equally between service and performance-based portions) to supplement both the RSU and PSU grants in order to arrive at the total long-term award target. The total long-term award target is $1.1 million for the Chief Executive Officer, $0.3 million for the Chief Financial Officer and $0.6 million for the President and Chief Operating Officer. The PSUs will vest if the return on net assets, calculated as EBITDA divided by Average Accounts Receivable, Inventory and Property and Equipment, exceeds five percent. Each RSU and service-based cash incentive vests three years after the grant date. Each vested RSU will convert into the right to receive one share of common stock. During 2023, a total of 20,000 RSUs and 20,000 PSUs were granted to the participants under the C-Suite Plan, and $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, were granted in service-based and performance-based cash awards. During 2022, a total of 20,000 RSUs and 20,000 PSUs were granted to the participants under the C-Suite Plan, and $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, were granted in service-based and performance-based cash awards. If the return on net assets falls below 5 percent, no performance-based incentive will be awarded. The maximum performance-based award is achieved if return on net assets exceeds ten percent, and is capped at 150% of the grant.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized on RSUs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is summarized in the following table:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSU expense before taxes	$	435	$	335	$	842	$	662
RSU expense after taxes	$	303	$	244	$	598	$	483

All pre-tax charges related to RSUs were included in the caption “Administrative and general” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

	As of June 30, 2023					As of June 30, 2022
	Number of			Weighted Average		Number of			Weighted Average
	Shares			Granted Price		Shares			Granted Price
Outstanding at December 31		617,518		$	18.95		576,867		$	18.40
Granted		49,768			36.63		35,558			26.72
Converted into shares		(2,610	)		18.78		(3,580	)		18.84
Forfeited		(2,573	)		19.65		(3,351	)		18.14
Outstanding at June 30		662,103		$	20.28		605,494		$	18.89
Vested at June 30		436,341		$	24.98		409,710		$	20.17

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Note 13 - Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

13. Income Taxes:

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $6.5 million, or 30.3%, compared to an income tax provision of $14.0 million, or 27.1%, for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $10.1 million, or 28.9%, compared to an income tax provision of $27.8 million, or 27.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The tax provision for the interim period is determined using an estimate of the Company’s annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, the Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment.

The quarterly tax provision and the quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate is subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting the Company’s pre-tax and taxable income and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, changes in law and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, the effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on the effective tax rate is greater when the pre-tax income is lower.

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Note 14 - Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

14. Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share:

Earnings per share have been calculated based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding as set forth below:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		11,569		11,538		11,570		11,536
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards		3		7		2		4
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		11,572		11,545		11,572		11,540
Net income (loss)	$	15,019	$	37,624	$	24,891	$	74,926
Basic earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Unvested RSUs		226		196		226		196

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Note 15 - Stock Repurchase Program

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Treasury Stock [Text Block]

15. Stock Repurchase Program:

On October 2, 2015, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to 550,000 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock, which could include open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, accelerated stock repurchases or open market solicitations for shares, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Any of the repurchased shares are held in the Company’s treasury, or canceled and retired as the Board may determine from time to time. Any repurchases of common stock are subject to the covenants contained in the ABL Credit Facility. Under the ABL Credit Facility, the Company may repurchase common stock and pay dividends up to $15.0 million in the aggregate during any trailing twelve months without restrictions. Purchases of common stock or dividend payments in excess of $15.0 million in the aggregate require the Company to (i) maintain availability in excess of 20.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($125.0 million at June 30, 2023) or (ii) to maintain availability equal to or greater than 15.0% of the aggregate revolver commitments ($93.8 million at June 30, 2023) and the Company must maintain a pro-forma ratio of EBITDA minus certain capital expenditures and cash taxes paid to fixed charges of at least 1.00 to 1.00.

There were no shares repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 or June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, 360,212 shares remain authorized for repurchase under the program.

At-the-Market Equity Program

On September 3, 2021, the Company commenced an at-the-market (ATM) equity program under its shelf registration statement, which allows it to sell and issue up to $50 million in shares of its common stock from time to time. The Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement on September 3, 2021 with KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (KeyBanc) relating to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock pursuant to the program. KeyBanc is not required to sell any specific amount of securities but will act as the Company’s sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between KeyBanc and the Company. KeyBanc will be entitled to compensation for shares sold pursuant to the program of 2.0% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Equity Distribution Agreement. No shares were sold under the ATM program during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

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Note 16 - Segment Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

16. Segment Information:

The Company follows the accounting guidance that requires the utilization of a “management approach” to define and report the financial results of operating segments. The management approach defines operating segments along the lines used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) to assess performance and make operating and resource allocation decisions. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources based primarily on operating income. The operating segments are based primarily on internal management reporting.

The Company operates in three reportable segments; specialty metals flat products, carbon flat products, and tubular and pipe products. The specialty metals flat products segment and the carbon flat products segment are at times consolidated and referred to as the flat products segments, as certain of the flat products segments’ assets and resources are shared by the specialty metals and carbon flat products segments and both segments’ products are stored in the shared facilities and, in some locations, processed on shared equipment. Since the January 3, 2023 acquisition, Metal-Fab’s financial results are included in the carbon flat products segment.

Corporate expenses are reported as a separate line item for segment reporting purposes. Corporate expenses include the unallocated expenses related to managing the entire Company (i.e., all three segments), including compensation for certain personnel, expenses related to being a publicly traded entity such as board of directors’ expenses, audit expenses, and various other professional fees.

The following table provides financial information by segment and reconciles the Company’s operating income by segment to the consolidated income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales
Specialty metals flat products	$	147,000		$	226,964		$	313,564		$	426,443
Carbon flat products		326,629			370,665			636,447			750,214
Tubular and pipe products		95,639			111,547			192,333			228,852
Total net sales	$	569,268		$	709,176		$	1,142,344		$	1,405,509
Depreciation and amortization
Specialty metals flat products	$	1,023		$	1,008		$	2,007		$	2,013
Carbon flat products		3,716			2,698			7,323			5,372
Tubular and pipe products		1,716			1,222			3,309			2,508
Corporate		18			18			35			35
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,473		$	4,946		$	12,674		$	9,928
Operating income
Specialty metals flat products	$	6,679		$	36,473		$	15,938		$	70,557
Carbon flat products		14,695			15,618			20,641			25,493
Tubular and pipe products		9,371			7,300			19,112			21,882
Corporate expenses		(4,973	)		(5,526	)		(12,196	)		(10,945	)
Total operating income	$	25,772		$	53,865		$	43,495		$	106,987
Other loss, net		28			15			39			21
Income before interest and income taxes		25,744			53,850			43,456			106,966
Interest and other expense on debt		4,203			2,271			8,426			4,269
Income before income taxes	$	21,541		$	51,579		$	35,030		$	102,697

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Capital expenditures
Flat products segments	$	8,977	$	8,236
Tubular and pipe products		6,083		1,786
Corporate		57		-
Total capital expenditures	$	15,117	$	10,022

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thouands)	2023		2022
Assets
Flat products segments	$	737,819	$	631,607
Tubular and pipe products		274,562		258,412
Corporate		1,601		1,608
Total assets	$	1,013,982	$	891,627

There were no material revenue transactions between the specialty metals products, carbon flat products and tubular and pipe products segments.

The Company sells certain products internationally, primarily in Canada and Mexico. International sales are immaterial to the consolidated financial results and to the individual segments’ results.

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Item 5. Other Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Issuer Rule 10b5-1, Material Terms [Text Block]

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. The objective of this ASU is to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. In December 2022, FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, “Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848”, which amends and extends the sunset date to December 31, 2024. The new standard was applied beginning in the first quarter of 2023 as the Company adjusted their ABL Credit Facility and fixed interest rate hedge. The application did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Note 2 - Acquisitions (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed [Table Text Block]

Details of Acquisition (in thousands)	Total
Assets acquired
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,728
Accounts receivable, net		10,597
Prepaid expenses and other		740
Inventories, net		17,236
Property and equipment		20,408
Goodwill		33,194
Intangible assets		54,740
Right-of-use and other long-term assets		6,930
Total assets acquired		145,573
Total liabilities assumed		(14,369	)
Cash paid	$	131,204

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information [Table Text Block]

	For the three months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	709,176	$	24,117	$	184		$	733,477
Net income (loss)	$	37,624	$	3,803	$	(2,817	)	$	38,610
Basic earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.26	$	0.33	$	(0.24	)	$	3.35

	For the six months ended June 30, 2022
	Historical OSI		Historical Metal-Fab		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Pro forma (unaudited):
Net sales	$	1,405,509	$	46,802	$	368		$	1,452,679
Net income (loss)	$	74,926	$	7,845	$	(7,218	)	$	75,553
Basic earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55
Diluted earnings per share	$	6.49	$	0.68	$	(0.63	)	$	6.55

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Note 3 - Revenue Recognition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		25.8	%		-			-			25.8	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.6	%		-			30.6	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			12.6	%		-			12.6	%
Coated		-			5.6	%		-			5.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			4.1	%		-			4.1	%
Other		-			4.5	%		-			4.5	%
Total		25.8	%		57.4	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		27.4	%		-			-			27.4	%
Hot Rolled		-			28.9	%		-			28.9	%
Tube		-			-			16.8	%		16.8	%
Plate		-			13.1	%		-			13.1	%
Coated		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Cold Rolled		-			3.8	%		-			3.8	%
Other		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Total		27.4	%		55.8	%		16.8	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		32.0	%		-			-			32.0	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.2	%		-			30.2	%
Tube		-			-			15.7	%		15.7	%
Plate		-			12.8	%		-			12.8	%
Coated		-			4.2	%		-			4.2	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		32.0	%		52.3	%		15.7	%		100.0	%

	Disaggregated Revenue by Products Sold
	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Specialty metals flat products			Carbon flat products			Tubular and pipe products			Total
Specialty		30.3	%		-			-			30.3	%
Hot Rolled		-			30.7	%		-			30.7	%
Tube		-			-			16.3	%		16.3	%
Plate		-			13.0	%		-			13.0	%
Coated		-			4.6	%		-			4.6	%
Cold Rolled		-			5.0	%		-			5.0	%
Other		-			0.1	%		-			0.1	%
Total		30.3	%		53.4	%		16.3	%		100.0	%

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Note 5 - Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	Inventory as of
(in thousands)	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Unprocessed	$	300,686	$	356,588
Processed and finished		105,258		60,343
Totals	$	405,944	$	416,931

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Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

(in thousands)	Specialty Metals Flat Products		Carbon Flat Products		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	9,431	$	1,065	$	10,496
Acquisitions		-		33,194		33,194
Impairments		-		-		-
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	9,431	$	34,259	$	43,690

Schedule of Finite and Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated A mortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	59,059	$	(13,575	)	$	45,484
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		1,949		(480	)		1,469
Technology and know-how - subject to amortization		5,300		(177	)		5,123
Trade name - not subject to amortization		32,868		-			32,868
	$	99,176	$	(14,232	)	$	84,944

	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Intangible Assets, Net
Customer relationships - subject to amortization	$	22,559	$	(12,100	)	$	10,459
Covenant not to compete - subject to amortization		509		(301	)		208
Trade name - not subject to amortization		21,368		-			21,368
	$	44,436	$	(12,401	)	$	32,035

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Note 7 - Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	2,114	$	1,801	$	4,255	$	3,586
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	260	$	186	$	492	$	370
Interest on lease liabilities		39		13		75		28
Total finance lease cost	$	299	$	199	$	567	$	398

Lease, Payment [Table Text Block]

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Cash paid for lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	2,083	$	1,719	$	4,188	$	3,470
Operating cash flows from finance leases		39		13		75		28
Financing cash flows from finance leases		252		184		472		366
Total cash paid for lease liabilities	$	2,374	$	1,916	$	4,735	$	3,864

Lease, Balance Sheet Information [Table Text Block]

	June 30,			December 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease	$	52,601		$	45,987
Operating lease accumulated amortization		(18,818	)		(17,763	)
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		33,783			28,224
Operating lease current liabilities		6,878			6,098
Operating lease liabilities		27,542			22,655
Total operating lease liabilities	$	34,420		$	28,753
Finance Leases
Finance lease	$	5,104		$	3,144
Finance lease accumulated depreciation		(2,048	)		(1,585	)
Finance lease, net		3,056			1,559
Finance lease current liabilities		1,034			594
Finance lease liabilities		2,137			1,025
Total finance lease liabilities	$	3,171		$	1,619
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases (in years)		7			6
Finance leases (in years)		4			3
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		3.91	%		3.41	%
Finance leases		4.83	%		3.56	%

Operating and Finance Lease, Liability, Maturity [Table Text Block]

	Operating			Finance
(in thousands)	Leases			Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2023	$	4,113		$	508
2024		7,708			1,097
2025		6,495			790
2026		5,577			506
2027		4,435			335
Thereafter		10,962			248
Total future minimum lease payments	$	39,290		$	3,484
Less remaining imputed interest		(4,870	)		(313	)
Total	$	34,420		$	3,171

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Note 8 - Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026	$	238,240	$	165,658
Total debt	$	238,240	$	165,658

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Note 9 - Derivative Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Effect on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]

	Net Gain (Loss) Recognized
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)
Metals swaps		(500	)		(1,445	)		(776	)		718
Embedded customer derivatives		500			1,445			776			(718	)
Total loss	$	485		$	(344	)	$	804		$	(794	)

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Note 10 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of June 30, 2023
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,317	$	-	$	3,317
Embedded customer derivative		-		410		-		410
Fixed interest rate hedge				1,142				1,142
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	4,869	$	-	$	4,869
Liabilities:
Metal Swaps	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727
Total liabilities recorded at fair value	$	-	$	3,727	$	-	$	3,727

	Value of Items Recorded at Fair Value
	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Fixed interest rate hedge	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748
Total assets at fair value	$	-	$	1,748	$	-	$	1,748

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Note 12 - Equity Plans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Table Text Block]

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSU expense before taxes	$	435	$	335	$	842	$	662
RSU expense after taxes	$	303	$	244	$	598	$	483

Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]

	As of June 30, 2023					As of June 30, 2022
	Number of			Weighted Average		Number of			Weighted Average
	Shares			Granted Price		Shares			Granted Price
Outstanding at December 31		617,518		$	18.95		576,867		$	18.40
Granted		49,768			36.63		35,558			26.72
Converted into shares		(2,610	)		18.78		(3,580	)		18.84
Forfeited		(2,573	)		19.65		(3,351	)		18.14
Outstanding at June 30		662,103		$	20.28		605,494		$	18.89
Vested at June 30		436,341		$	24.98		409,710		$	20.17

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Note 14 - Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Weighted average basic shares outstanding		11,569		11,538		11,570		11,536
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards		3		7		2		4
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		11,572		11,545		11,572		11,540
Net income (loss)	$	15,019	$	37,624	$	24,891	$	74,926
Basic earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.30	$	3.26	$	2.15	$	6.49
Unvested RSUs		226		196		226		196

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Note 16 - Segment Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Notes Tables

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales
Specialty metals flat products	$	147,000		$	226,964		$	313,564		$	426,443
Carbon flat products		326,629			370,665			636,447			750,214
Tubular and pipe products		95,639			111,547			192,333			228,852
Total net sales	$	569,268		$	709,176		$	1,142,344		$	1,405,509
Depreciation and amortization
Specialty metals flat products	$	1,023		$	1,008		$	2,007		$	2,013
Carbon flat products		3,716			2,698			7,323			5,372
Tubular and pipe products		1,716			1,222			3,309			2,508
Corporate		18			18			35			35
Total depreciation and amortization	$	6,473		$	4,946		$	12,674		$	9,928
Operating income
Specialty metals flat products	$	6,679		$	36,473		$	15,938		$	70,557
Carbon flat products		14,695			15,618			20,641			25,493
Tubular and pipe products		9,371			7,300			19,112			21,882
Corporate expenses		(4,973	)		(5,526	)		(12,196	)		(10,945	)
Total operating income	$	25,772		$	53,865		$	43,495		$	106,987
Other loss, net		28			15			39			21
Income before interest and income taxes		25,744			53,850			43,456			106,966
Interest and other expense on debt		4,203			2,271			8,426			4,269
Income before income taxes	$	21,541		$	51,579		$	35,030		$	102,697

Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated [Table Text Block]

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Capital expenditures
Flat products segments	$	8,977	$	8,236
Tubular and pipe products		6,083		1,786
Corporate		57		-
Total capital expenditures	$	15,117	$	10,022

	As of
	June 30,		December 31,
(in thouands)	2023		2022
Assets
Flat products segments	$	737,819	$	631,607
Tubular and pipe products		274,562		258,412
Corporate		1,601		1,608
Total assets	$	1,013,982	$	891,627

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Note 2 - Acquisitions (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net		$ 1,469	$ 208
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net		45,484	10,459
Trade Names [Member]
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)		32,868	$ 21,368
Metal-Fab [Member]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	$ 131,200
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	131,000
Business Combination, Consideration Cash Adjustment	200
Business Combination, Acquisition Related Costs		2,600
Business Combination, Provisional Information, Initial Accounting Incomplete, Adjustment, Inventory		$ 2,100
Metal-Fab [Member] | Internally Developed Technology [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 5,300
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	15 years
Metal-Fab [Member] | Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 1,400
Metal-Fab [Member] | Noncompete Agreements [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	2 years
Metal-Fab [Member] | Noncompete Agreements [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	5 years
Metal-Fab [Member] | Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 36,500
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life	26 years
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period	26 years
Metal-Fab [Member] | Trade Names [Member]
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)	$ 11,500

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Note 2 - Acquisitions - Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Jan. 03, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill	$ 43,690		$ 10,496
Metal-Fab [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents		$ 1,728
Accounts receivable, net		10,597
Prepaid expenses and other		740
Inventories, net		17,236
Property and equipment		20,408
Goodwill		33,194
Intangible assets		54,740
Right-of-use and other long-term assets		6,930
Total assets acquired		145,573
Total liabilities assumed		(14,369)
Cash paid		$ 131,204

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Note 2 - Acquisitions - Pro Forma (Details) - Metal-Fab [Member] - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Net sales	$ 733,477	$ 1,452,679
Net income (loss)	$ 38,610	$ 75,553
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 3.35	$ 6.55
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 3.35	$ 6.55
Historical OSI [Member]
Net sales	$ 709,176	$ 1,405,509
Net income (loss)	$ 37,624	$ 74,926
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 3.26	$ 6.49
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 3.26	$ 6.49
Historical [Member]
Net sales	$ 24,117	$ 46,802
Net income (loss)	$ 3,803	$ 7,845
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.33	$ 0.68
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.33	$ 0.68
Pro Forma [Member]
Net sales	$ 184	$ 368
Net income (loss)	$ (2,817)	$ (7,218)
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.63)
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.24)	$ (0.63)

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Note 3 - Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenues, Percentage (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Revenue percent	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Specialty [Member]
Revenue percent	25.80%	32.00%	27.40%	30.30%
Hot Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	30.60%	30.20%	28.90%	30.70%
Tube Products [Member]
Revenue percent	16.80%	15.70%	16.80%	16.30%
Plate Products [Member]
Revenue percent	12.60%	12.80%	13.10%	13.00%
Coated Products [Member]
Revenue percent	5.60%	4.20%	5.00%	4.60%
Cold Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	4.10%	5.00%	3.80%	5.00%
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue percent	4.50%	0.10%	5.00%	0.10%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member]
Revenue percent	25.80%	32.00%	27.40%	30.30%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Specialty [Member]
Revenue percent	25.80%	32.00%	27.40%	30.30%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Hot Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Tube Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Plate Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Coated Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Cold Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member]
Revenue percent	57.40%	52.30%	55.80%	53.40%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Specialty [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Hot Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	30.60%	30.20%	28.90%	30.70%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Tube Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Plate Products [Member]
Revenue percent	12.60%	12.80%	13.10%	13.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Coated Products [Member]
Revenue percent	5.60%		5.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Cold Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent		5.00%		5.00%
Carbon Flat Products [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue percent	4.50%	0.10%	5.00%	0.10%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member]
Revenue percent	16.80%	15.70%	16.80%	16.30%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Specialty [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Hot Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Tube Products [Member]
Revenue percent	16.80%	15.70%	16.80%	16.30%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Plate Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Coated Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Cold Rolled Products [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Revenue percent	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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Note 4 - Accounts Receivable (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Current	$ 4.1	$ 4.3

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Note 5 - Inventories (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
LIFO Inventory Amount	$ 41,200		$ 41,200		$ 46,300
Percentage of LIFO Inventory	10.10%		10.10%		11.10%
Inventory, LIFO Reserve, Period Charge	$ 1,000	$ 0	$ 1,000	$ 0
Inventory Difference Using FIFO Basis	$ 19,300		$ 19,300		$ 20,300

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Note 5 - Inventories - Steel Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unprocessed	$ 300,686	$ 356,588
Processed and finished	105,258	60,343
Totals	$ 405,944	$ 416,931

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Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year Two	$ 3.7
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year Three	3.7
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year One	3.2
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year Four	2.7
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, Year Five	2.7
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Expected Amortization, after Year Five	$ 2.4

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Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill, by Reportable Segment (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Balance	$ 10,496
Acquisitions	33,194
Impairments	0
Balance as of June 30, 2023	43,690
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member]
Balance	9,431
Acquisitions	0
Impairments	0
Balance as of June 30, 2023	9,431
Carbon Flat Products [Member]
Balance	1,065
Acquisitions	33,194
Impairments	0
Balance as of June 30, 2023	$ 34,259

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Note 6 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated amortization	$ (14,232)	$ (12,401)
Intangible assets, gross	99,176	44,436
Intangible assets, net	84,944	32,035
Trade Names [Member]
Trade name - not subject to amortization	32,868	21,368
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets (Excluding Goodwill)	32,868	21,368
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross	59,059	22,559
Accumulated amortization	(13,575)	(12,100)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	45,484	10,459
Noncompete Agreements [Member]
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross	1,949	509
Accumulated amortization	(480)	(301)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	1,469	$ 208
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross	5,300
Accumulated amortization	(177)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 5,123

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Note 7 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating lease cost	$ 2,114	$ 1,801	$ 4,255	$ 3,586
Amortization of right-of-use assets	260	186	492	370
Interest on lease liabilities	39	13	75	28
Total finance lease cost	$ 299	$ 199	$ 567	$ 398

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Note 7 - Leases - Lease Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 2,083	$ 1,719	$ 4,188	$ 3,470
Operating cash flows from finance leases	39	13	75	28
Financing cash flows from finance leases	252	184	472	366
Total cash paid for lease liabilities	$ 2,374	$ 1,916	$ 4,735	$ 3,864

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Note 7 - Leases - Balance Sheet Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating lease	$ 52,601	$ 45,987
Operating lease accumulated amortization	(18,818)	(17,763)
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net	33,783	28,224
Current portion of lease liabilities	6,878	6,098
Operating lease liabilities	27,542	22,655
Total operating lease liabilities	34,420	28,753
Property and equipment, at cost	463,291	429,810
Accumulated depreciation	(288,300)	(281,478)
Finance lease, net	3,056	1,559
Finance lease current liabilities	1,034	594
Finance lease liabilities	2,137	1,025
Total finance lease liabilities	$ 3,171	$ 1,619
Operating leases (in years) (Year)	7 years	6 years
Finance leases (in years) (Year)	4 years	3 years
Operating leases	3.91%	3.41%
Finance leases	4.83%	3.56%
Assets Held Under Finance Leases [Member]
Property and equipment, at cost	$ 5,104	$ 3,144
Accumulated depreciation	$ (2,048)	$ (1,585)

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Note 7 - Leases - Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
2023, operating lease	$ 4,113
2023, finance lease	508
2024, operating lease	7,708
2024, finance lease	1,097
2025, operating lease	6,495
2025, finance lease	790
2026, operating lease	5,577
2026, finance lease	506
2027, operating lease	4,435
2027, finance lease	335
Thereafter, operating lease	10,962
Thereafter, finance lease	248
Total future minimum lease payments, operating lease	39,290
Total future minimum lease payments, finance lease	3,484
Less remaining imputed interest, operating lease	(4,870)
Less remaining imputed interest, finance lease	(313)
Total, operating lease	34,420	$ 28,753
Total, finance lease	3,171	$ 1,619
Current Portion and Lease Liabilities [Member]
Total, operating lease	34,420
Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-term Liabilities [Member]
Total, finance lease	$ 3,171

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Note 8 - Debt (Details Textual) $ in Millions			6 Months Ended
	Dec. 14, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 10, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 19, 2023 USD ($)	Jan. 03, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 16, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Issuance Costs, Net, Total			$ 2.0			$ 1.2
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative, Term of Contract (Year)		5 years
Derivative, Notional Amount		$ 75.0
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		2.57%	2.42%		2.42%
Interest Rate Swaption [Member]
Derivative, Notional Amount		$ 75.0
ABL Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Increase (Decrease), Net					$ 150.0
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity				$ 625.0	625.0		$ 475.0
Debt Instrument, Term			5 years
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due June 16, 2026 [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					595.0
Letters of Credit, Maximum Borrowing Capacity					20.0
Maximum First In, Last Out Revolving Credit Facility					30.0
Line of Credit Facility, Additional Commitments, Maximum					$ 200.0
Line Of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Monetary	$ 30.0
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Percentage of Revolver Commitments	10.00%
Balance Required for Compliance with Revolver Commitments			$ 62.5
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Percentage of Aggregate Borrowing Base	10.00%
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Aggregate Borrowing Base			$ 58.6
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms EBITDA Ratio			1.00
Line of Credit Facility, Remaining Borrowing Capacity			$ 343.0
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due June 16, 2026 [Member] | Base Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			0.00%
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due June 16, 2026 [Member] | Base Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			0.25%
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due June 16, 2026 [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			1.25%
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due June 16, 2026 [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			2.75%

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Note 8 - Debt - Summary of Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026	$ 238,240	$ 165,658
Total debt	238,240	165,658
Asset Based Revolving Credit Facility Due December 8, 2022 [Member]
Asset-based revolving credit facility due June 16, 2026	$ 238,240	$ 165,658

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Note 9 - Derivative Instruments (Details Textual) - Interest Rate Swap [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 10, 2019	Jun. 30, 2023	Jan. 03, 2023
Derivative, Term of Contract (Year)	5 years
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 75
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.57%	2.42%	2.42%

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Note 9 - Derivative Instruments - Impact from Derivatives on Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net Gain (Loss) Recognized	$ 485	$ (344)	$ 804	$ (794)
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Net Gain (Loss) Recognized	485	(344)	804	(794)
Metal Swaps [Member]
Net Gain (Loss) Recognized	(500)	(1,445)	(776)	718
Embedded Customer Derivatives [Member]
Net Gain (Loss) Recognized	$ 500	$ 1,445	$ 776	$ (718)

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Note 10 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Long-Term Debt, Fair Value	$ 238.2	$ 165.7

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Note 10 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities - Fair Value Measurements, Recorded (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Metal Swaps	$ 4,869
Derivative asset		$ 1,748
Derivative asset		1,748
Metal Swaps	3,727
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Metal Swaps	0
Derivative asset		0
Derivative asset		0
Metal Swaps	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Metal Swaps	4,869
Derivative asset		1,748
Derivative asset		1,748
Metal Swaps	3,727
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Metal Swaps	0
Derivative asset		0
Derivative asset		0
Metal Swaps	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative asset		1,748
Derivative asset		1,748
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Metal Swaps	1,142
Derivative asset		0
Derivative asset		0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Metal Swaps	1,142
Derivative asset		1,748
Derivative asset		1,748
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Derivative asset		0
Derivative asset		$ 0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Metal Swaps [Member]
Metal Swaps	3,317
Metal Swaps	3,727
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Metal Swaps [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Metal Swaps	0
Metal Swaps	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Metal Swaps [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Metal Swaps	3,317
Metal Swaps	3,727
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Metal Swaps [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Metal Swaps	0
Metal Swaps	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Embedded Customer Derivatives [Member]
Metal Swaps	410
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Embedded Customer Derivatives [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Metal Swaps	0
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Embedded Customer Derivatives [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Metal Swaps	410
Fair Value, Recurring [Member] | Embedded Customer Derivatives [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Metal Swaps	$ 0

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Note 11 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details Textual) - Interest Rate Swap [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jan. 10, 2019	Jun. 30, 2023	Jan. 03, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative, Term of Contract (Year)	5 years
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 75.0
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.57%	2.42%	2.42%
AOCI, Cash Flow Hedge, Cumulative Gain (Loss), after Tax		$ 1.1		$ 1.7
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Tax		$ 0.3		$ 0.4

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Note 12 - Equity Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Minimum Return on Assets for Performance-Based Incentives			5.00%
Performance-Based Award Cap, Percentage of Grant			150.00%
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Amount Per Employee	$ 1,100,000
Chief Financial Officer [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Amount Per Employee	300,000
President and Chief Operating Officer [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Amount Per Employee	$ 600,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)		20,000	20,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Non-Employee Director [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Value		$ 80,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Non-Employee Director [Member] | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period		1 year
Performance Shares [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)		300,000
Performance Shares [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)		20,000	20,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)		300,000
Service Based Cash Awards [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Cash Award Granted, Amount			$ 500,000
Performance-Based Cash Awards [Member] | C-Suite Long-Term Incentive Plan [Member]
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Cash Award Granted, Amount			$ 500,000
Common Stock [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant		1,400,000

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Note 12 - Equity Plans - Stock-based Compensation Expense Recognized on Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
RSU expense before taxes	$ 435	$ 335	$ 842	$ 662
RSU expense before taxes	$ 303	$ 244	$ 598	$ 483

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Note 12 - Equity Plans - Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - $ / shares		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)		617,518	576,867	576,867
Outstanding, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)		$ 18.95	$ 18.40	$ 18.40
Converted into shares, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)			$ 18.84
Forfeited, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)		$ 19.65
Outstanding, number of shares (in shares)	605,494	662,103	605,494	617,518
Outstanding, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)	$ 18.89	$ 20.28	$ 18.89	$ 18.95
Vested, number of shares (in shares)	409,710	436,341
Vested, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.17	$ 24.98
Restricted Stock Unites and Performance Stock Units [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period (in shares)		49,768	35,558
Granted, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)		$ 36.63	$ 26.72
Converted into shares, number of shares (in shares)		(2,610)	(3,580)
Converted into shares, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)		$ 18.78
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)		(2,573)	(3,351)
Forfeited, weighted average granted price (in dollars per share)			$ 18.14
Forfeited, number of shares (in shares)		(2,573)	(3,351)

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Note 13 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ 6,522	$ 13,955	$ 10,139	$ 27,771
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent	30.30%	27.10%	28.90%	27.00%

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Note 14 - Shares Outstanding and Earnings Per Share - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Weighted average basic shares outstanding (in shares)	11,569	11,538	11,570	11,536
Assumed exercise of stock options and issuance of stock awards (in shares)	3	7	2	4
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	11,572	11,545	11,572	11,540
Net income	$ 15,019	$ 37,624	$ 24,891	$ 74,926
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.30	$ 3.26	$ 2.15	$ 6.49
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.30	$ 3.26	$ 2.15	$ 6.49
Unvested RSUs (in shares)	226	196	226	196

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Note 15 - Stock Repurchase Program (Details Textual) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Oct. 02, 2015 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2022 shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2022 shares	Sep. 03, 2021 USD ($)
Stock Repurchase Program, Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased | shares	550,000
Treasury Stock, Shares, Acquired (in shares) | shares		0	0	0	0
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased | shares		360,212		360,212
At-the-Market Equity Program [Member]
Stock Issuance Program, Authorized Amount | $						$ 50.0
Stock Issuance Program, Gross Proceeds, Percent						2.00%
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares) | shares		0	0	0	0
ABL Credit Facility [Member]
Unrestricted Common Stock Purchases, Maximum, Value | $	$ 15.0
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Stock Repurchases Value Exceeds 5.0 Million, Option 1 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Percentage of Revolver Commitments	20.00%
Balance Required for Compliance with Revolver Commitments | $		$ 125.0		$ 125.0
ABL Credit Facility [Member] | Stock Repurchases Value Exceeds 5.0 Million, Option 2 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms Percentage of Revolver Commitments	15.00%
Balance Required for Compliance with Revolver Commitments | $		$ 93.8		$ 93.8
Line of Credit Facility Covenant Terms EBITDA Ratio	1.00

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Note 16 - Segment Information - Segment Reporting Information by Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Net sales	$ 569,268	$ 709,176	$ 1,142,344	$ 1,405,509
Specialty metals flat products	6,473	4,946	12,674	9,928
Specialty metals flat products	25,772	53,865	43,495	106,987
Other loss, net	28	15	39	21
Income before interest and income taxes	25,744	53,850	43,456	106,966
Interest and other expense on debt	4,203	2,271	8,426	4,269
Income before income taxes	21,541	51,579	35,030	102,697
Specialty Metals Flat Products [Member]
Net sales	147,000	226,964	313,564	426,443
Specialty metals flat products	1,023	1,008	2,007	2,013
Specialty metals flat products	6,679	36,473	15,938	70,557
Carbon Flat Products [Member]
Net sales	326,629	370,665	636,447	750,214
Specialty metals flat products	3,716	2,698	7,323	5,372
Specialty metals flat products	14,695	15,618	20,641	25,493
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member]
Net sales	95,639	111,547	192,333	228,852
Specialty metals flat products	1,716	1,222	3,309	2,508
Specialty metals flat products	9,371	7,300	19,112	21,882
Corporate Segment [Member]
Specialty metals flat products	18	18	35	35
Specialty metals flat products	$ (4,973)	$ (5,526)	$ (12,196)	$ (10,945)

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Note 16 - Segment Information - Segment Reporting Information by Capital Expenditures and Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Capital expenditures	$ 15,117	$ 10,022
Assets	1,013,982		$ 891,627
Flat Products Segment [Member]
Capital expenditures	8,977	8,236
Assets	737,819		631,607
Tubular and Pipe Products [Member]
Capital expenditures	6,083	1,786
Assets	274,562		258,412
Corporate Segment [Member]
Capital expenditures	57	$ 0
Assets	$ 1,601		$ 1,608