The Company’s lending activities consist of origination of loans secured by mortgages on one- to four-family residences and commercial and agricultural real estate, construction loans on residential and commercial properties, commercial and agricultural business loans and consumer loans. At June 30, 2021, the Bank had purchased participations in 23 loans totaling $83.0 million, as compared to 23 loans totaling $58.2 million at June 30, 2020.

Residential Mortgage Lending. The Company actively originates loans for the acquisition or refinance of one- to four-family residences. This category includes both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans amortizing over periods of up to 30 years, and the properties securing such loans may be owner-occupied or non-owner-occupied. Single-family residential loans do not generally exceed 90% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. Substantially all of the one- to four-family residential mortgage originations in the Company’s portfolio are located within the Company’s primary lending area. General risks related to one- to four-family residential lending include stability of borrower income and collateral values.

The Company also originates loans secured by multi-family residential properties that are often located outside the Company’s primary lending area but made to borrowers who operate within our primary market area. The majority of the multi-family residential loans that are originated by the Company are amortized over periods generally up to 25 years, with balloon maturities typically up to ten years. Both fixed and adjustable interest rates are offered and it is typical for the Company to include an interest rate “floor” and “ceiling” in the loan agreement. Generally, multi-family

residential loans do not exceed 85% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price of the secured property. General risks related to multi-family residential lending include rental demand and supply, rental rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage.

Commercial Real Estate Lending. The Company actively originates loans secured by owner- and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate including farmland, single- and multi-tenant retail properties, restaurants, hotels, land (improved and unimproved), nursing homes and other healthcare facilities, warehouses and distribution centers, convenience stores, automobile dealerships and other automotive-related services, and other businesses. These properties are typically owned and operated by borrowers headquartered within the Company’s primary lending area, however, the property may be located outside our primary lending area. Approximately $293.3 million of the Company’s $889.8 million in commercial real estate loans are secured by properties located outside our primary lending area. Risks to owner-occupied commercial real estate lending generally include the continued profitable operation of the borrower’s enterprise, as well as general collateral values, and may be heightened by unique, specific uses of the property serving as collateral. Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate lending risks include tenant demand and performance, lease rates, and vacancies, as well as collateral values and borrower leverage. These factors may be influenced by general economic conditions in the region, or in the United States generally. Risks to lending on farmland include unique factors such as commodity prices, yields, input costs, and weather, as well as farmland values.

Most commercial real estate loans originated by the Company generally are based on amortization schedules of up to 25 years with monthly principal and interest payments. Generally, the interest rate received on these loans is fixed for a maturity for up to ten years, with a balloon payment due at maturity. Alternatively, for some loans, the interest rate adjusts at least annually after an initial period up to seven years. The Company typically includes an interest rate “floor” in the loan agreement. Generally, improved commercial real estate loan amounts do not exceed 80% of the lower of the appraised value or the purchase price of the secured property. Agricultural real estate terms offered differ slightly, with amortization schedules of up to 25 years with an 80% loan-to-value ratio, or 30 years with a 75% loan-to-value ratio.

Construction Lending. The Company originates real estate loans secured by property or land that is under construction or development. Construction loans originated by the Company are generally to finance the construction of owner occupied residential real estate, or to finance speculative construction of residential real estate, land development, or owner-operated or non-owner occupied commercial real estate. During construction, these loans typically require monthly interest-only payments, with single-family residential construction loans having maturities ranging from six to twelve months, while multifamily or commercial construction loans typically mature in 12 to 24 months. Once construction is completed, permanent construction loans may be converted to monthly payments using amortization schedules of up to 30 years on residential and generally up to 25 years on commercial real estate. Construction and development lending risks generally include successful timely and on-budget completion of the project, followed by the sale of the property in the case of land development or non-owner-occupied real estate, or the long-term occupancy of the property by the builder in the case of owner-occupied construction. Changes in real estate values or other economic conditions may impact the ability of a borrower to sell property developed for that purpose.

While the Company typically utilizes relatively short maturity periods to closely monitor the inherent risks associated with construction loans for these loans, weather conditions, change orders, availability of materials and/or labor, and other factors may contribute to the lengthening of a project, thus necessitating the need to renew the construction loan at the balloon maturity. Such extensions are typically executed in incremental three month periods to facilitate project completion. The Company’s average term of construction loans is approximately eight months. During construction, loans typically require monthly interest only payments which may allow the Company an opportunity to monitor for early signs of financial difficulty should the borrower fail to make a required monthly payment. Additionally, during the construction phase, the Company typically performs interim inspections which further allow the Company opportunity to assess risk. At June 30, 2021, construction loans outstanding included 48 loans, totaling $28.5 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. At June 30, 2020, construction loans outstanding included 77 loans, totaling $48.8 million, for which a modification had been agreed to. In general, these modifications were solely for the purpose of extending the maturity date due to conditions described above, pursuant to the Company’s normal underwriting and monitoring procedures. As these modifications were not executed due to financial difficulty on the part of the borrower, they were not accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs); nor were they made pursuant to exemptions provided under the CARES Act. Under the CARES Act, financial institutions have the option to temporarily

suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Loans modified under the CARES Act did not include any construction loans with drawn balances at June 30, 2021.

Consumer Lending. The Company offers a variety of secured consumer loans, including home equity, direct and indirect automobile loans, second mortgages, mobile home loans and loans secured by deposits. The Company originates substantially all of its consumer loans in its primary lending area. Usually, consumer loans are originated with fixed rates for terms of up to five years, with the exception of home equity lines of credit, which are variable, tied to the prime rate of interest and are for a period of ten years.

Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are secured with a deed of trust and are issued up to 100% of the appraised or assessed value of the property securing the line of credit, less the outstanding balance on the first mortgage and are typically issued for a term of ten years. Interest rates on the HELOCs are generally adjustable. Interest rates are based upon the loan-to-value ratio of the property with better rates given to borrowers with more equity. Risks related to HELOC lending generally include the stability of borrower income and collateral values.

Automobile loans originated by the Company include both direct loans and a smaller amount of loans originated by auto dealers. The Company generally pays a negotiated fee back to the dealer for indirect loans. Typically, automobile loans are made for terms of up to 60 months for new and used vehicles. Loans secured by automobiles have fixed rates and are generally made in amounts up to 100% of the purchase price of the vehicle. Risks to automobile and other consumer lending generally include the stability of borrower income and borrower willingness to repay.

Commercial Business Lending. The Company’s commercial business lending activities encompass loans with a variety of purposes and security, including loans to finance accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and operating lines of credit, including agricultural production and equipment loans. The Company offers both fixed and adjustable rate commercial business loans. Generally, commercial loans secured by fixed assets are amortized over periods up to five years, while commercial operating lines of credit or agricultural production lines are generally for a one year period. Commercial lending risk is primarily driven by the borrower’s successful generation of cash flow from their business enterprise sufficient to service debt, and may be influenced by factors specific to the borrower and industry, or by general economic conditions in the region or in the United States generally. Agricultural production or equipment lending includes unique risk factors such as commodity prices, yields, input costs, and weather, as well as farm equipment values.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses or loan losses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019, was $(1.0 million), $6.0 million, and $2.0 million, respectively. The (recovery) charge was based on the estimated required ACL, reflecting management’s estimate of the current expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2021, and as of that date the Company’s ACL was $33.2 million. Reduced provisioning in fiscal 2021 was attributed primarily to an improved outlook regarding the economic environment resulting as the economy recovers from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Company notes less uncertainty regarding the potential impact on its borrowers generally, combined with moderated growth in unguaranteed loan balances, relatively consistent levels of net charge offs, and a reduction in delinquent or adversely classified credits, and nonperforming loans. While the Company assesses that the economic outlook has significantly improved during fiscal 2021 as compared to the year ended June 30, 2020, there remains uncertainty regarding the possible continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or when transmission of the virus will abate to the point that restrictions are no longer being imposed or considered, and consumer behavior can be said to have returned to normal. As such, there remains a potential for the pandemic to negatively impact global and regional economies, or for recent efforts by the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve to respond to the pandemic and its economic impact to fall short of expectations. Specifically, management considered:

● economic conditions and projections as provided by Moody’s Analytics, including baseline and downside scenarios were utilized in the Company’s estimate at June 30, 2021. Economic factors considered in the projections included national and state levels of unemployment, and national and state rates of inflation-adjusted growth in the gross domestic product. Economic conditions are considered to be a moderate and declining risk factor;

● the pace of growth of the Company’s loan portfolio, exclusive of acquisitions or government guaranteed loans, relative to overall economic growth. This measure remains elevated, but continued to moderate in the most recent quarter, and is considered to be a moderate and declining risk factor;

● levels and trends for loan delinquencies nationally and in the region. This measure as reported remains relatively stable, but management considered the potential that the measure remains under-reported due to the availability of modifications under the CARES Act. The level of uncertainty about loan delinquencies is considered to be diminishing. This is considered to be an elevated but declining risk factor;

● exposure to the hotel industry, in particular, metropolitan area hotels more impacted by activity restrictions and a lack of business or convention-related travel. This is considered to be an elevated and stable risk factor.

Management considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its consumer and business borrowers, particularly those business borrowers most affected by efforts to contain the pandemic, including our borrowers in the retail and multi-tenant retail industry, restaurants, and hotels, when making qualitative factor adjustments. To date, various relief efforts, notably including the availability of forgivable Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans to borrowers and deferrals or modifications available as encouraged by banking regulatory authorities and the CARES Act, have resulted in limited impact on the Company’s credit quality indicators, as is true of the industry generally. It is possible that the ongoing adverse effects of the pandemic may not be offset by future relief efforts, which could cause the outlook for economic conditions and levels and trends of past-due loans to significantly worsen, and require additions to the ACL.

The following tables present the balance in the ACL and the recorded investment in loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2021 and 2020, and activity in the ACL and ALLL for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021, 2020, and 2019:

The following table presents the balance in the Allowance for off-balance credit exposure based on portfolio segment as of June 30, 2021, and activity in allowance for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021:

Included in the Company’s loan portfolio are certain loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination, which are considered purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans. Prior to the July 1, 2020 adoption of ASU 2016-13, these loans were accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality, and were described as purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans. Under ASC 310-30, these loans were written down at acquisition to an amount estimated to be collectible, and, unless there was further deterioration following the acquisition, an ALLL was not recognized for these loans. As a result, certain historical ratios regarding the Company’s loan portfolio and credit quality cannot be used to compare the Company to peer companies or to compare the Company’s credit quality over time. The ratios particularly affected by accounting under ASC 310-30 include the allowance as a percentage of loans, nonaccrual loans, and nonperforming assets, and nonaccrual loans and nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans. For more information about the transition from PCI to PCD status of the Company’s acquired loans, see Note 2: Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Loans.

Credit Quality Indicators. The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on all loans at origination, and is updated on a quarterly basis for loans risk rated Watch, Special Mention, Substandard, or Doubtful. In addition, lending relationships of $3 million or more, exclusive of any consumer or owner-occupied residential loan, are subject to an annual credit analysis which is prepared by the loan administration department and presented to a loan committee with appropriate lending authority. A sample of lending relationships in excess of $1 million (exclusive of single-family residential real estate loans) are subject to an independent loan review annually, in order to verify risk ratings. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Watch – Loans classified as watch exhibit weaknesses that require more than usual monitoring. Issues may include deteriorating financial condition, payments made after due date but within 30 days, adverse industry conditions or management problems.

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention exhibit signs of further deterioration but still generally make payments within 30 days. This is a transitional rating and loans should typically not be rated Special Mention for more than 12 months.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard possess weaknesses that jeopardize the ultimate collection of the principal and interest outstanding. These loans exhibit continued financial losses, ongoing delinquency, overall poor financial condition, and insufficient collateral.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses of substandard loans, and have deteriorated to the level that there is a high probability of substantial loss.

Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be Pass rated loans.

A periodic review of selected credits (based on loan size and type) is conducted to identify loans with heightened risk or probable losses and to assign risk grades. The primary responsibility for this review rests with loan administration personnel. This review is supplemented with periodic examinations of both selected credits and the credit review process by the Company’s internal audit function and applicable regulatory agencies. The information from these reviews assists management in the timely identification of problems and potential problems and provides a basis for deciding whether the credit continues to share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loan pools, or whether credit losses for the loan should be evaluated on an individual loan basis.

The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and year of origination as of June 30, 2021. This table includes PCD loans, which are reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

At June 30, 2021, PCD loans comprised $3.2 million of credits rated “Pass”; $9.0 million of credits rated “Watch”; none rated “Special Mention”; $2.7 million of credits rated “Substandard”; and none rated “Doubtful”.

The following table presents the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) based on rating category and payment activity as of June 30, 2020. This table includes PCI loans, which were reported according to risk categorization after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

At June 30, 2020, PCI loans comprised $5.9 million of credits rated “Pass”; $10.3 million of credits rated “Watch”, none rated “Special Mention”, $5.6 million of credits rated “Substandard” and none rated “Doubtful”.

Past Due Loans. The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) as of June 30, 2021 and 2020. These tables include PCI and PCD loans, which are reported according to aging analysis after acquisition based on the Company’s standards for such classification:

Under the CARES Act, financial institutions have the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. Loans with such modifications in effect at June 30, 2021, included $23.9 million in loans reported as current in the above table, while none were past due. Loans with such modifications in effect at June 30, 2020, included $380.1 million in loans reported as current in the above table, while an additional $29,000 of consumer loans and $1,000 in residential real estate loans with such modifications were reported as 30-59 days past due, and $66,000 of commercial loans with such modifications were reported as 60-89 days past due at such date.

At June 30, 2021 and 2020 there were no PCD or PCI loans that were greater than 90 days past due.

Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not adversely classified or determined to not share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated pools of loans for determination of the ACL estimate. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls

on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Significant payment delays or shortfalls may lead to a determination that a loan should be individually evaluated for estimated credit losses.

Collateral-dependent Loans. The following table presents the Company’s collateral dependent loans and related ACL at June 30, 2021:

Impairment. Prior to the July 1, 2020, adoption of ASU 2016-13, a loan was considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Impaired loans included nonperforming loans, as well as performing loans modified in TDRs where concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection.

The table below presents impaired loans (excluding loans in process and deferred loan fees) as of June 30, 2020. The table includes PCI loans at June 30, 2020 for which it was deemed probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determined it was probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received would exceed the amount previously expected, the Company will recalculate the amount of accretable yield in order to recognize the improved cash flow expectation as additional interest income over the remaining life of the loan. These loans, however, continued to be reported as impaired loans. In an instance where, subsequent to the acquisition, the Company determined it was probable, for a specific loan, that cash flows received would be less than the amount previously expected, the Company would allocate a specific allowance under the terms of ASC 310-10-35.

At June 30, 2020, PCI loans comprised $21.8 million of impaired loans without a specific valuation allowance.

The following tables present information regarding interest income recognized on impaired loans:


	Fiscal 2019
	Average
	Investment in		Interest Income
(dollars in thousands)	Impaired Loans		Recognized
Residential Real Estate	$	2,081	$	112
Construction Real Estate		1,297		246
Commercial Real Estate		14,547		1,570
Consumer Loans		—		—
Commercial Loans		4,212		926
Total Loans	$	22,137	$	2,854

Interest income on impaired loans recognized on a cash basis in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was immaterial.

For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the amount of interest income recorded for impaired loans that represents a change in the present value of future cash flows attributable to the passage of time was approximately $236,000, and $1.3 million, respectively.

Nonaccrual Loans. The following table presents the Company’s amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segmented by class of loans at June 30, 2021 and 2020. The table excludes performing TDRs.

At June 30, 2021, there were no nonaccrual loans individually evaluated for which no ACL was recorded. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans in the periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, was immaterial.

Troubled Debt Restructurings. Prior to the July 1, 2020, adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans restructured as TDRs were included in certain loan categories classified as impaired loans, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, TDRs are evaluated to determine whether they share similar risk characteristics with collectively evaluated loan pools, or must be individually evaluated. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities, and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. In general, the Company’s loans that have been subject to classification as TDRs are the result of guidance under ASU No. 2011-02, which indicates that the Company may not consider the borrower’s effective borrowing rate on the old debt immediately before the restructuring in determining whether a concession has been granted. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and typically are returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period of at least six months.

During fiscal 2021, there were three loans modified as TDRs totaling $894,000. During fiscal 2020, there were no loans modified as TDRs.

Performing loans classified as TDRs at June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020 segregated by class, are shown in the table below. Nonperforming TDRs are shown in nonaccrual loans.

Real Estate Foreclosures. The Company may obtain physical possession of real estate collateralizing a residential mortgage loan or home equity loan via foreclosure or in-substance repossession. As of June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the carrying value of foreclosed residential real estate properties as a result of obtaining physical possession was $622,000 and $563,000, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company had residential mortgage loans and home equity loans with a carrying value of $533,000 and $435,000, respectively, collateralized by residential real estate property for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Following is a summary of loans to executive officers, directors, significant shareholders and their affiliates held by the Company at June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively: