Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash, due from depository institutions and interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions with original maturities of three months or less. Interest-bearing deposits in other depository institutions were $199 million and $7 million at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. The deposits are held in various commercial banks with a total of $2 million and $319,000 exceeding the FDIC’s deposit insurance limits at March 31, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively, as well as at the Federal Reserve and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines and Chicago.

Available for Sale Securities

Available for Sale Securities. Available for sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. All securities have been classified as available for sale.

Premiums and discounts on debt securities are amortized or accreted as adjustments to income over the estimated life of the security using the level yield method. Realized gains or losses on the sale of securities is based on the specific identification method. The fair value of securities is based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

The Company does not invest in collateralized mortgage obligations that are considered high risk.

For AFS securities with fair value less than amortized cost that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more likely than not will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the noncredit loss is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security as projected based on cash flow projections, and is recorded to the ACL, by a charge to provision for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired AFS security, or, if it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

At adoption of ASU 2016-13, no impairment on AFS securities was attributable to credit. The Company will evaluate impaired AFS securities at the individual level on a quarterly basis, and will consider such factors including, but not limited to: the extent to which the fair value of the security is less than the amortized cost basis; adverse conditions specifically related to the security, an industry, or geographic area; the payment structure of the security and likelihood of the issuer to be able to make payments that may increase in the future; failure of the issuer to make scheduled interest or principal payments; any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency; and the ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. A qualitative determination as to whether any portion of the impairment is attributable to credit risk is acceptable. There were no credit related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS securities at March 31, 2021, and June 30, 2020.

Changes in the ACL are recorded as expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Loans

Loans. Interest on loans is accrued based upon the principal amount outstanding. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s judgment, the collectability of interest or principal in the normal course of business is doubtful. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL. The Company complies with regulatory guidance which indicates that loans should be placed on nonaccrual status when 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. A loan that is “in the process of collection” may be subject to legal action or, in appropriate circumstances, through other collection efforts reasonably expected to result in repayment or restoration to current status in the near future. A loan is considered delinquent when a payment has not been made by the contractual due date. At March 31, 2021, some loans were modified under the terms of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act), which provides that loans modified after March 1, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and which were otherwise current at December 31, 2019, need not be accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). While these loans may not have met the contractual due dates of payments under their previous terms, so long as they were compliant with the terms of the modification made under the CARES Act, they would not have been reported as delinquent at June 30, 2020 or March 31, 2021. See further disclosure in Note 4: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Interest income previously accrued but not collected at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income. Cash receipts on a nonaccrual loan are applied to principal and interest in accordance with its contractual terms unless full payment of principal is not expected, in which case cash receipts, whether designated as principal or interest, are applied as a reduction of the carrying value of the loan. A nonaccrual loan is generally returned to accrual status when principal and interest payments are current, full collectability of principal and interest is reasonably assured, and a consistent record of performance has been demonstrated.

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans, and is established through provision for credit losses charged to current earnings. The ACL is increased by the provision for losses on loans charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. Loans are charged off in the period deemed uncollectible, based on management’s analysis of expected cash flows (for non-collateral dependent loans) or collateral value (for collateral-dependent loans). Subsequent recoveries of loans previously charged off, if any, are credited to the allowance when received.

Management estimates the ACL using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Adjustments may be made to historical loss information for differences identified in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards or terms; lending review systems; experience, ability, or depth of lending management and staff; portfolio growth and mix; delinquency levels and trends; as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in economic activity or employment, agricultural economic conditions, property values, or other relevant factors. The Company generally assesses past events and current conditions based on the trailing eight quarters of activity, and incorporates a reasonable and supportable forecast period of four quarters, with an immediate reversion to historical averages.

The ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. For loans that do not share general risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools, the Company estimates credit losses on an individual loan basis, and these loans are excluded from the collectively evaluated pools. An ACL for an individually evaluated loan is recorded when the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the collateral for certain collateral dependent loans. For the collectively evaluated pools, the Company segments the loan portfolio primarily by loan purpose and collateral into 23 pools, which are homogeneous groups of loans that possess similar loss potential characteristics. The Company utilizes the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology for measurement of the required ACL for all loan pools. The DCF model implements probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) calculations at the instrument level. PD and LGD are determined from the Company’s historical experience over a period of approximately five years. The Company defines a default as an event of charge off, an adverse (substandard or worse) internal credit rating, becoming delinquent 90 days or more, or being placed on nonaccrual status. A PD/LGD estimate is applied to a projected model of the loan’s cashflow, including principal and interest payments, with consideration for prepayment speeds, principal curtailments, and recovery lag. Prepayments, curtailments, and recovery lag have been determined to not have a material impact on estimated credit losses, historically.

Prior to the July 1, 2020, adoption of ASU 2016-13, the allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) represented management’s best estimate of probable losses in the existing loan portfolio at the end of the reporting period. Integral to the methodology for determining the adequacy of the ALLL was portfolio segmentation and impairment measurement. Under the Company’s methodology, loans were first segmented into 1) those comprising large groups of homogeneous loans which are collectively evaluated for impairment and 2) all other loans which are individually evaluated. Those loans in the second category were further segmented utilizing a defined grading system which involves categorizing loans by severity of risk based on conditions that may affect the ability of the borrowers to repay their debt, such as current financial information, collateral valuations, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current trends. Loans were considered impaired if, based on current information and events, it was considered probable that the Company would be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, and was generally based on the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the loan’s collateral. If the loan was not collateral-dependent, the measurement of impairment was based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the historical effective interest rate, or the observable market price of the loan. Impairment identified through this evaluation process was a component of the ALLL. If a loan was not considered impaired, it was grouped together with loans having similar characteristics (i.e., the same risk grade), and an ALLL was based upon a quantitative factor (historical average charge-offs) and qualitative factors such as changes in lending policies; national, regional, and local economic conditions; changes in mix and volume of portfolio; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff; entry to new markets; levels and trends of delinquent, nonaccrual, special mention, and classified loans; concentrations of credit; changes in collateral values; agricultural economic conditions; and regulatory risk.

Prior to the July 1, 2020, adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans acquired in an acquisition that had evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and for which it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable were considered purchased credit impaired (“PCI”). PCI loans were individually evaluated and recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition with no initial ALLL based on a DCF methodology that considered various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and a discount rate reflecting the Company’s assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. The difference between the DCFs expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” was recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the DCFs expected at acquisition, or the “non-accretable difference,” were not recognized on the balance sheet and did not result in any yield adjustments, loss accruals or valuation allowances. Increases in expected cash flows, including prepayments, subsequent to the initial investment were recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows were recognized as impairment. ALLL on PCI loans reflected only losses incurred after the acquisition (meaning the present value of all cash flows expected at acquisition that ultimately were not to be received).

Subsequent to the July 1, 2020, adoption of ASU 2016-13, loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial ACL is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial ACL is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to non-credit factors and results in a discount or premium. Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans.

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $434,000 to the ACL. The remaining noncredit discount, based on the adjusted amortized cost basis, will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of July 1, 2020.

Loan fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred, and the net fee or cost is recognized as an adjustment to interest income using the interest method over the contractual life of the loans.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed Real Estate. Real estate acquired by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less estimated selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. Costs for development and improvement of the property are capitalized.

Valuations are periodically performed by management, and an allowance for losses is established by a charge to operations if the carrying value of a property exceeds its estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs.

Loans to facilitate the sale of real estate acquired in foreclosure are discounted if made at less than market rates. Discounts are amortized over the fixed interest period of each loan using the interest method.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank Owned Life Insurance. Bank owned life insurance policies are reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the estimated cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender value of these policies, as well as a portion of the insurance proceeds received, are recorded in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets. The Company’s intangible assets at March 31, 2021 included gross core deposit intangibles of $15.3 million with $9.7 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $3.8 million with accumulated amortization of $3.8 million, and mortgage servicing rights of $1.5 million. At June 30, 2020, the Company’s intangible assets included gross core deposit intangibles of $15.3 million with $8.7 million accumulated amortization, gross other identifiable intangibles of $3.8 million with accumulated amortization of $3.8 million, and mortgage servicing rights of $1.1 million. The Company’s core deposit intangible assets are being amortized using the straight line method, over periods ranging from five to seven years, with amortization expense expected to be approximately $338,000 in the remainder of fiscal 2021, $1.4 million in fiscal 2022 through fiscal 2024, $807,000 in fiscal 2025, and $328,000 thereafter. As of June 30, 2020, there was no impairment indicated, and the Company believes there is no impairment of other intangible assets at March 31, 2021.

Incentive Plans

Incentive Plans. The Company accounts for its Management and Recognition Plan (MRP), Equity Incentive Plan (EIP), and Omnibus Incentive Plan (OIP) in accordance with ASC 718, “Share-Based Payment.” Compensation expense is based on the market price of the Company’s stock on the date the shares are granted and is recorded over the vesting period. The difference between the grant-date fair value and the fair value on the date the shares are considered earned represents a tax benefit to the Company that is recorded as an adjustment to income tax expense.

Stock Options

Stock Options. Compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued, and recognized over the vesting period during which an employee provides service in exchange for the award.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable income taxes. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on available-for-sale securities, and changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension plans.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements:

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in this update remove disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, modify/clarify the specific requirements of certain disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for certain removed and modified disclosures. Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which the Company adopted July 1, 2020. The Update amended guidance on reporting credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For financial assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminated the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead, requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The Update affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. Adoption was applied on a modified retrospective basis, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. Adoption resulted in an increase to the ACL of $8.9 million, related to the transition from the incurred loss model to the CECL ACL model, and an increase of $434,000 related to the transition from PCI to PCD methodology, relative to the ALLL as of June 30, 2020. The Company also recorded an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments recorded in other liabilities of $268,000. The impact at adoption was reflected as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings, net of income taxes, in the amount of $7.2 million. In accordance with the new standard, management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 in fiscal 2021 could also impact the Company’s future earnings, perhaps materially.

The following table illustrates the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13:


	July 1, 2020
	As reported		As reported		Impact of
	under		prior to		adoption
(dollars in thousands)	ASU 2016-13		ASU 2016-13		ASU 2016-13

Loans receivable	$	2,142,363	$	2,141,929	$	434
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Real Estate Loans:
Residential		8,396		4,875		3,521
Construction		1,889		2,010		(121)
Commercial		15,988		12,132		3,856
Consumer loans		2,247		1,182		1,065
Commercial loans		5,952		4,940		1,012
Total allowance for credit losses on loans	$	34,472	$	25,139	$	9,333
Total allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures	$	2,227	$	1,959	$	268

The above table includes the impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption for PCD assets previously classified as PCI. The change in the ACL includes $434,000 attributable to residential and commercial real estate loans, and the amortized cost basis of loans receivable was increased for those loans by that total amount.

In March 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law, creating a forbearance program for federally backed mortgage loans, protects borrowers from negative credit reporting due to loan accommodations related to the National Emergency, and provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to troubled debt restructurings (TDR) for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. The Company has elected to not apply ASC Subtopic 310-40 for loans eligible under the CARES Act, based on the modification’s (1) relation to COVID-19, (2) execution for a loan that was not more than 30-days past due as of December 31, 2019, and (3) execution between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of the date that falls 60 days following the termination of the declared National Emergency, or December 31, 2020. The 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, signed into law in December 2020, extended the window during which loans may be modified without classification as TDRs under ASC Subtopic 310-40, to the earlier of January 1, 2022, or 60 days following the termination of the declared National Emergency.

Revisions

Revisions. Certain immaterial revisions have been made to the three- and nine- month periods ended March 31, 2020 consolidated financial statements for reporting interchange income and expenses related to an agent relationship. These revisions did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financials statement line items impacted.

Other Securities

Other securities. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in other securities include nine individual securities which have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months. The securities are performing and are of high credit quality. The unrealized losses were caused by variations in market interest rates since purchase or acquisition. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it likely that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

At March 31, 2021 there were two pooled trust preferred securities with an estimated fair value of $735,000 and unrealized losses of $241,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. These unrealized losses were primarily due to the long-term nature of the pooled trust preferred securities and a reduced demand for these securities, and concerns regarding the financial institutions that issued the underlying trust preferred securities.

The March 31, 2021, cash flow analysis for these two securities indicated it is probable the Company will receive all contracted principal and related interest projected. The cash flow analysis used in making this determination was based on anticipated default, recovery, and prepayment rates, and the resulting cash flows were discounted based on the yield spread anticipated at the time the securities were purchased. Other inputs include the actual collateral attributes, which include credit ratings and other performance indicators of the underlying financial institutions, including profitability, capital ratios, and asset quality. Assumptions for these two securities included prepayments averaging 1.8 percent,

annually, annual defaults averaging 220 basis points over the next two years, and 68 basis points thereafter, and a recovery rate averaging seven percent of gross defaults, lagged two years.

One of these two securities has continued to receive cash interest payments in full since the Company’s purchase; the other security received principal-in-kind (PIK), in lieu of cash interest, for a period of time following the recession and financial crisis which began in 2008, but resumed cash interest payments during fiscal 2014. The Company's cash flow analysis indicates that cash interest payments are expected to continue for both securities. Because the Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is likely that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company has not recorded an ACL on these securities.

The Company does not believe any other individual unrealized loss as of March 31, 2021, is the result of a credit loss. However, the Company could be required to recognize an ACL in future periods with respect to its available for sale investment securities portfolio.