DEF 14A 1 ddef14a.htm DEFINITIVE PROXY STATEMENT Definitive Proxy Statement
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

(Rule 14a-101)

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant To Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No.)

Filed by the Registrant   x

Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ¨

Check the appropriate box:

 

¨ Preliminary Proxy Statement
¨ Confidential, for use of the Commission only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
x Definitive Proxy Statement
¨ Definitive Additional materials
¨ Soliciting Material under Rule 14a-12

LOGO

CALPINE CORPORATION

(Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Not applicable

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other than the Registrant)

Payment of filing fee (Check the appropriate box):

 

x No fee required.

 

¨ Fee computed on the table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

 

  (1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:

          

 

 

  (2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:

          

 

 

  (3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11:

          

 

 

  (4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:

          

 

 

  (5)   Total fee paid:

          

 

 

¨ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

 

¨ Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.

 

  (1) Amount Previously paid:

          

 

 

  (2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:

          

 

 

  (3) Filing Party:

          

 

 

  (4) Date Filed:

          

 


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LOGO

March 30, 2011

To our Shareholders:

It is our pleasure to invite you to attend our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The meeting will be held at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time) on May 11, 2011 at The Magnolia Hotel, located at 1100 Texas Avenue, Houston, Texas 77002.

The following Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders outlines the business to be conducted at the meeting.

This year we are again using the Internet as our primary means of furnishing proxy materials to shareholders. Accordingly, most shareholders will not receive paper copies of our proxy materials. We instead sent shareholders a notice with instructions for accessing the proxy materials and voting via the Internet. The notice also provides information on how shareholders may obtain paper copies of our proxy materials if they so choose. We encourage you to review these materials and vote your shares.

You may vote via the Internet, by telephone or, if you receive a paper proxy card in the mail, by mailing the completed proxy card. If you attend the Annual Meeting, you may vote your shares in person, even if you have previously voted your proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, please vote as soon as possible to ensure that your shares will be represented and voted at the Annual Meeting.

Very truly yours,

 

LOGO

 

  

LOGO

 

J. Stuart Ryan    Jack A. Fusco
Chairman of the Board of Directors    President and Chief Executive Officer


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LOGO

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF CALPINE CORPORATION

717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000

Houston, Texas 77002

 

Date of Meeting:    May 11, 2011
Time:    10:00 a.m. (Central Time)
Place:   

The Magnolia Hotel

1100 Texas Avenue

Houston, Texas 77002

Items of Business:    We are holding the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”) for the following purposes:
  

•   to elect nine directors to serve on our Board of Directors until the 2012 annual meeting of shareholders;

  

•   to ratify the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2011;

  

•   to approve an advisory resolution on executive compensation;

  

•   to hold an advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation; and

  

•   to transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

   The proxy statement describes these items in more detail. As of the date of this notice, we have not received notice of any other matters that may be properly presented at the Annual Meeting.
Record Date:    March 14, 2011.
Voting:    We strongly encourage you to vote. Please vote as soon as possible, even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person. You have three options for submitting your vote before the Annual Meeting: Internet, telephone or mail. Due to a change in New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules, your broker will not be able to vote your shares with respect to any non-routine matters (including the election of directors) if you have not given your broker specific instructions to do so. The only routine matter to be voted on at the Annual Meeting is the ratification of the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm for the current year.


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Date These Proxy Materials Are First Being Made Available on the Internet:      On or about March 30, 2011

 

    By order of the Board of Directors
     LOGO
    W. Thaddeus Miller
    Corporate Secretary
    March 30, 2011

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS TO BE HELD ON MAY 11, 2011:

The Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Proxy Statement and the 2010 Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Calpine Corporation

     Cover   

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be Held on May 11, 2011:

     Cover   

Proxy Statement — Proxy Solicitation and Voting Information

     1   

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting and Voting

     1   

Why am I receiving these proxy materials?

     1   

How can I access the proxy materials on the Internet?

     1   

Who can vote?

     1   

What am I voting on?

     2   

How do I vote?

     2   

How do I know if I am a beneficial owner of shares?

     2   

Can I change my mind after I vote?

     2   

How many votes must be present to hold the Annual Meeting?

     3   

What vote is required to adopt each of the proposals?

     3   

Will my shares be voted if I do not provide my proxy?

     3   

How are abstentions and broker non-votes counted?

     3   

What if I return my proxy but do not provide voting instructions?

     3   

When will the voting results be announced?

     3   

Annual Meeting Admission

     4   

Expenses of Solicitation

     4   

Householding

     4   

Proposal 1 — Election of Directors

     5   

Nominees for Election as Directors

     5   

Board Meetings and Board Committee Information

     8   

Meetings

     8   

Committees and Committee Charters

     8   

Audit Committee

     9   

Compensation Committee

     9   

Nominating and Governance Committee and Director Nominations

     10   

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

     11   

Report of the Audit Committee

     11   

Corporate Governance Matters

     12   

Corporate Governance Guidelines

     12   

Board Leadership Structure

     12   

Code of Conduct and Ethics

     13   

Director Independence

     13   

Business Relationships and Related Party Transactions Policy

     14   

Chairman/Lead Director, Executive Sessions of Independent Directors and Communications with the Board

     15   

The Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

     16   

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters

     17   

Director Compensation

     20   

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

     22   

Executive Summary

     22   

2010 Financial Performance Highlights and Compensation Decisions for Our Named Executive Officers

     22   

 

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(continued)

 

     Page  

Our Compensation Program Objectives and Guiding Principles

     23   

Determining Executive Compensation

     24   

2010 Performance and Strategic Accomplishments Considered in Determining Executive Compensation

     24   

Compensation Consultant

     25   

Comparator Group

     25   

Role of Executive Officers in Executive Compensation Decisions

     26   

Elements of Compensation

     27   

Purpose of Each Element of Compensation

     27   

Details of Each Element of Compensation

     27   

Base Salary

     27   

Annual Incentive — Calpine Incentive Plan

     28   

Equity Compensation

     30   

Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits

     31   

Post-Employment Compensation Arrangements

     31   

Severance Benefits

     31   

Retirement Benefits

     31   

Officer Stock Ownership Policy

     32   

Deductibility Cap on Executive Compensation

     32   

Report of the Compensation Committee

     32   

Executive Compensation

     33   

Summary Compensation Table

     33   

Grants of Plan-Based Awards

     34   

Summary of Employment Agreements

     34   

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

     39   

Option Exercises and Stock Vested

     40   

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

     40   

Change in Control and Severance Benefits Plan

     40   

Termination Provisions of Employment Agreements

     42   

Effect of Termination Events or Change in Control on Unvested Equity Awards

     44   

Quantification of Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

     45   

Compensation and Risk

     47   

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

     48   

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence

     48   

Proposal 2 — Ratification of the Selection of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     49   

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

     49   

Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

     50   

Proposal 3 — Advisory Resolution on Executive Compensation

     51   

Proposal 4 — Advisory Vote on the Frequency of Future Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation

     53   

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

     54   

Shareholder Proposals for 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders

     55   

Other Business

     55   

 

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CALPINE CORPORATION

717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000

Houston, Texas 77002

PROXY STATEMENT

PROXY SOLICITATION AND VOTING INFORMATION

Our Board of Directors (“Board” or “Board of Directors”) solicits your proxy for our 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held on May 11, 2011, at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time) at The Magnolia Hotel, located at 1100 Texas Avenue, Houston, Texas 77002, and any adjournment of the meeting, for the purposes set forth in the Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Questions and Answers About the Annual Meeting and Voting

 

Why am I receiving these proxy materials?

The proxy materials include our Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders proxy statement and 2010 annual report to shareholders. If you requested printed versions of these materials by mail, these materials also include the proxy card or voting instructions form for the Annual Meeting. Our Board of Directors has made these materials available to you in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board. The proxies will be used at our Annual Meeting to be held on May 11, 2011, or any adjourned date for the Annual Meeting. We made these materials available to shareholders beginning on or about March 30, 2011.

Our shareholders are invited to attend the Annual Meeting and vote on the proposals described in this proxy statement. However, you do not need to attend the Annual Meeting to vote your shares. Instead, you may vote by completing, signing, dating and returning a proxy card or by executing a proxy via the Internet or by telephone.

How can I access the proxy materials on the Internet?

In accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) rules, we are using the Internet as the primary means of furnishing proxy materials to shareholders. Accordingly, most shareholders will not receive paper copies of our proxy materials. We instead sent shareholders a Notice of Internet Availability of the Proxy Materials (the “Notice”) with instructions for accessing the proxy materials including the Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, proxy statement and 2010

annual report to shareholders via the Internet and voting via the Internet or by telephone. The Notice was mailed on or about March 30, 2011. The Notice also provides information on how shareholders may obtain paper copies of our proxy materials if they so choose. Additionally, and in accordance with SEC rules, you may access our proxy materials at www.proxyvote.com.

The Notice provides you with instructions regarding how to:

 

 

view the proxy materials for the Annual Meeting on the Internet and execute a proxy; and

 

 

instruct us to send future proxy materials to you in printed form or electronically by e-mail.

Choosing to receive future proxy materials by e-mail will save us the cost of printing and mailing documents to you and will reduce the impact of our annual meetings on the environment. If you choose to receive future proxy materials by e-mail, you will receive an e-mail next year with instructions containing a link to those materials and a link to the proxy voting website. Your election to receive proxy materials by e-mail will remain in effect until you terminate it.

Who can vote?

Only shareholders of record of our common stock at the close of business on March 14, 2011 (the “record date”), may vote, either in person or by proxy, at the Annual Meeting. On the record date, we had 445,861,484 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

 


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You are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock that you owned on the record date. The shares of common stock held in our treasury, which are not considered outstanding, will not be voted. In addition, shares of our common stock reserved for issuance upon the resolution of the remaining disputed claims related to our Chapter 11 cases are not outstanding and are not entitled to vote.

What am I voting on?

You will be voting on each of the following:

 

 

to elect nine directors to serve on our Board;

 

 

to ratify the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PWC”) to serve as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2011;

 

 

to approve an advisory resolution on executive compensation;

 

 

to hold an advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation; and

 

 

to transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any adjournment thereof.

As of the date of this proxy statement, the Board knows of no other matters that will be brought before the Annual Meeting.

How do I vote?

You may vote using one of the following methods:

 

 

Over the Internet. If you have access to the Internet, we encourage you to vote in this manner. Refer to your Notice for instructions on voting via the Internet.

 

 

By telephone. You can vote by calling the toll-free telephone number on your proxy card or voting instructions form.

 

 

By mail. For those shareholders who request to receive a paper proxy card or voting instructions form in the mail, you can complete, sign and return the proxy card or voting instructions form.

 

 

In person at the Annual Meeting. All shareholders of record may vote in person at the

   

Annual Meeting. If you are a beneficial owner of shares, you must obtain a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other holder of record and present it with your ballot to be able to vote at the Annual Meeting. Even if you plan to be present at the Annual Meeting, we encourage you to vote your shares by proxy via the Internet, by telephone or by mail in order to record your vote promptly, as we believe voting this way is convenient.

The Notice provides instructions on how to access your proxy card or voting instructions form, which contain instructions on how to vote via the Internet or by telephone. For those shareholders who request to receive a paper proxy card or voting instructions form in the mail, instructions for voting via the Internet, by telephone or by mail are set forth on the proxy card or voting instructions form. Please follow the directions on these materials carefully.

How do I know if I am a beneficial owner of shares?

If your shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, broker-dealer, or other similar organization, then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name,” and the Notice was forwarded to you by that organization. The organization holding your account is considered the shareholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to instruct that organization on how to vote the shares held in your account. Those instructions are contained in a “voting instructions form.” If you request printed copies of the proxy materials by mail, you will receive a voting instructions form.

Can I change my mind after I vote?

You may change your vote at any time before the polls close at the Annual Meeting. You may do this by using one of the following methods:

 

 

Voting again by telephone or over the Internet prior to 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 10, 2011.

 

 

Giving timely written notice to the Corporate Secretary of the Company.

 

 

Delivering a timely later-dated proxy.

 

 

Voting in person at the Annual Meeting.

 

 

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If you hold your shares through a broker, bank, or other nominee, you may revoke any prior voting instructions by contacting that firm or by voting in person via legal proxy at the Annual Meeting.

How many votes must be present to hold the Annual Meeting?

In order for us to conduct the Annual Meeting, the holders of a majority of the shares of the common stock outstanding as of March 14, 2011, must be present at the Annual Meeting in person or by proxy. This is referred to as a quorum. Abstentions and “broker non-votes” (shares held by a broker or nominee that does not have discretionary authority to vote on a particular matter and has not received voting instructions from its client) are counted for purposes of determining the presence or absence of a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. Your shares will be counted as present at the Annual Meeting if you do one of the following:

 

 

Vote via the Internet or by telephone.

 

 

Return a properly executed proxy by mail (even if you do not provide voting instructions).

 

 

Attend the Annual Meeting and vote in person.

What vote is required to adopt each of the proposals?

Each share of our common stock outstanding on the record date is entitled to one vote on each of the nine director nominees and one vote on each other matter. Directors will be elected by a plurality of votes, which means that the nine nominees receiving the highest number of “FOR” votes will be elected directors. Approval of each of the other matters on the agenda requires the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares of common stock present or represented by proxy.

Will my shares be voted if I do not provide my proxy?

If you hold your shares directly in your own name, your shares will not be voted if you do not vote them or provide a proxy.

If your shares are held in the name of a brokerage firm or other nominee, under rules of the NYSE, your broker may vote your shares on “routine” matters

even if you do not provide a proxy. The only routine matter to be voted on at the Annual Meeting is the ratification of the selection of our independent registered public accounting firm for the current year. If a brokerage firm votes your shares on these matters in accordance with these rules, your shares will count as present at the Annual Meeting for purposes of establishing a quorum and will count as “FOR” votes or “AGAINST” votes, as the case may be, depending on how the broker votes your shares. If a brokerage firm signs and returns a proxy on your behalf that does not contain voting instructions, your shares will count as present at the Annual Meeting for quorum purposes and will be voted in connection with the selection of PWC as our independent public accounting firm for the current year, but will not count as a “FOR” vote for any other matter, including the election of directors.

How are abstentions and broker non-votes counted?

A “broker non-vote” occurs when a broker, bank or other nominee that holds our common stock for a beneficial owner returns a proxy to us but cannot vote the shares it holds as to a particular matter because it has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner and the matter to be voted on is not “routine” under the NYSE rules. Abstentions and broker non-votes are not treated as votes cast on a proposal. Therefore, an abstention or broker non-vote generally will not have the effect of a vote for or against the proposal and will not be counted in determining the number of votes required for approval, though they will be counted as present at the Annual Meeting in determining the presence of a quorum.

What if I return my proxy but do not provide voting instructions?

If you hold your shares directly in your own name, and you sign and return your proxy card (including over the Internet or by telephone) but do not include voting instructions, your proxy will be voted as the Board recommends on each proposal.

When will the voting results be announced?

We will announce preliminary voting results at the Annual Meeting. We will report final results at www.calpine.com and in a filing with the SEC on a Form 8-K.

 

 

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Annual Meeting Admission

Only shareholders and certain other permitted attendees may attend the Annual Meeting. No cameras, recording equipment, electronic devices, use of cell phones or BlackBerry phones, large bags or packages will be permitted in the Annual Meeting. If you plan to attend the Annual Meeting in person, we ask that you also complete and return the reservation form attached to the end of the proxy statement. Proof of Calpine Corporation stock ownership as of the record date, along with photo identification, will be required for admission.

Expenses of Solicitation

We will pay all costs of soliciting proxies, including the cost of preparing, assembling and mailing the Notice, proxy statement and proxy. In addition to solicitation of proxies by mail, solicitation may be made personally, by telephone or by other electronic means. We may pay persons holding shares for others their expenses for sending proxy materials to their principals. While we presently intend that solicitations will be made only by directors, officers and employees of the Company, we may retain outside solicitors to assist in the solicitation of proxies. Any expenses incurred in connection with the use of outside solicitors will be paid by us.

Householding

To reduce the expense of delivering duplicate proxy materials to our shareholders, we are relying on the SEC rules that permit us to deliver only one set of proxy materials, including our proxy statement, our annual report for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the Notice, to multiple shareholders who share an address unless we receive contrary instructions from any shareholder at that address. This practice, known as “householding,” reduces duplicate mailings, saving printing and postage costs as well as natural resources. Each shareholder retains a separate right to vote on all matters presented at the Annual Meeting.

If you wish to receive a separate copy of the annual report or other proxy materials, or if you wish to receive separate copies of future annual reports or proxy materials, please mail your request to Calpine Corporation, 717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002, attention: Investor Relations, or call us at (713) 830-8775.

 

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PROPOSAL 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Nominees for Election as Directors

Upon recommendation of our Nominating and Governance Committee, our Board has nominated nine directors to serve on our Board of Directors until the 2012 annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been elected and qualified. Each nominee currently serves on our Board of Directors; eight are non-management directors and one serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Pursuant to Article III of our Bylaws, the size of our Board is set at nine members and our directors are authorized to fill any vacancy on the Board.

We do not know of any reason why any nominee named in this proxy statement would be unable or unwilling to serve as a director if elected. If any nominee is unable or unwilling to serve, the shares represented by all valid proxies will be voted for the election of such other person as may be nominated in accordance with Article III of our Bylaws.

Our Bylaws provide that the affirmative vote of a plurality of the shares present and voting is required to elect a director, which means that the nine nominees receiving the highest numbers of votes cast at the Annual Meeting by the holders of shares of our common stock will be elected as directors.

Director Changes in 2010

On September 28, 2010, we announced with deep sadness the death of William J. Patterson, our non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors, who passed away on September 24, 2010. The Board acted in due course to appoint J. Stuart Ryan as the Chairman of the Board. Effective January 1, 2011, the Board of Directors appointed William E. (“Bill”) Oberndorf to serve as a member of the Board until the next regularly scheduled annual election of directors at the Annual Meeting, to fill the vacancy created by the passing of Mr. Patterson.

The Board of Directors recommends you vote “FOR” each of the nominees described below.

Set forth in the table below is a list of our directors, together with certain biographical information, including their ages as of the date of this proxy statement.

 

Name

   Age     

Principal Occupation

Frank Cassidy

     64       Retired President and Chief Operating Officer, PSEG Power LLC

Jack A. Fusco

     48       President and Chief Executive Officer, Calpine Corporation

Robert C. Hinckley

     63       Chairman and Managing Director, MCL Intellectual Property LLC

David C. Merritt

     56       President, BC Partners, Inc.

W. Benjamin Moreland

     47       President and Chief Executive Officer, Crown Castle International Corp.

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.

     59       Chairman, Mosbacher Energy Company

William E. Oberndorf

     57       Founding Partner, SPO Advisory Corp.

Denise M. O’Leary

     53       Private Venture Capital Investor

J. Stuart Ryan

     52       Founding Owner and President, Rydout, LLC

Frank Cassidy became a director of the Company on January 31, 2008. Prior to his retirement in 2007, Mr. Cassidy was employed at Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc. (“PSEG”), an energy and energy services company, since 1969. From 1999 to 2007, Mr. Cassidy served as President and Chief Operating Officer of PSEG Power LLC, the wholesale energy subsidiary of PSEG. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Cassidy was President and Chief Executive Officer of PSEG Energy Technologies, Inc. Prior to 1996, Mr. Cassidy held various positions of

 

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increasing responsibility at the Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Mr. Cassidy obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology and a Master of Business Administration degree from Rutgers University. Mr. Cassidy is the Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Cassidy’s almost 40 years of diversified experience in the power generation industry in various positions of increasing responsibility with PSEG provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to power operations, power sector strategy, management and corporate governance matters, and make him a qualified member of our Board and effective Chairman of our Compensation Committee.

Jack A. Fusco has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and as a member of its Board of Directors since August 10, 2008. From July 2004 to February 2006, Mr. Fusco served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Texas Genco LLC. From 2002 through July 2004, Mr. Fusco was an exclusive energy investment advisor for Texas Pacific Group. From November 1998 until February 2002, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Orion Power Holdings, Inc. Prior to his founding of Orion Power Holdings, Inc., Mr. Fusco was a Vice President at Goldman Sachs Power, an affiliate of Goldman, Sachs & Co. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs, Mr. Fusco was employed by Pacific Gas and Electric Company or its affiliates in various engineering and management roles for approximately 13 years. Mr. Fusco obtained a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering from California State University, Sacramento. Mr. Fusco served as a director of Foster Wheeler Ltd., a global engineering and construction contractor and power equipment supplier, until February 2009 and Graphics Packaging Holdings, a paper and packaging company, until 2008. Mr. Fusco’s current management and leadership roles in the operation of Calpine Corporation coupled with more than 29 years of experience in the power industry, including as former Chief Executive Officer of two independent power companies, provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to commercial and power operations, power sector strategy, commodities and management matters and make Mr. Fusco a valuable member of our Board.

Robert C. Hinckley became a director of the Company on January 31, 2008. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Hinckley was an advisor to Xilinx, Inc., a supplier of programmable logic devices, and from 1991 to 1999 he was the Vice President, Strategic Plans and Programs as well as General Counsel and Secretary of Xilinx, Inc. In 1994, he also served as Xilinx’s Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining Xilinx, Mr. Hinckley was the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Spectra Physics, Inc. Mr. Hinckley spent 11 years on active duty in the U.S. Navy. Mr. Hinckley obtained a Bachelor of Science degree from the U.S. Naval Academy. He earned his Juris Doctorate degree from Tulane University Law School. Mr. Hinckley currently is Chairman and Managing Director of MCL Intellectual Property LLC and participates as a member of the board of directors and advisory boards of several privately held companies. Mr. Hinckley is an adjunct Professor of Law at Tulane Law School and is a member of the Law School Dean’s Advisory Board. Mr. Hinckley is a member of both the Audit Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. Mr. Hinckley’s legal expertise, including service as corporate general counsel and as a member of other boards of directors provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to legal and corporate governance matters, and make him a valuable member of our Board and of our Audit Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee.

David C. Merritt became a director of the Company on February 8, 2006. Mr. Merritt is President and owner of BC Partners, Inc. and served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of iCRETE LLC from October 2007 to March 12, 2009. From October 2003 until September 2007, he served as Managing Director of Salem Partners LLC, an investment banking firm. Mr. Merritt was an audit and consulting partner of KPMG LLP from 1985 to 1999. Mr. Merritt obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Business and Accounting from California State University, Northridge. Mr. Merritt also serves as a director of Outdoor Channel Holdings, Inc., Charter Communications, Inc. and Buffets Restaurants Holdings, Inc. Mr. Merritt’s knowledge and expertise in accounting developed during his 14 years as a partner in a major accounting firm and his service on other boards of directors, including as chairman of other board audit committees provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to accounting and financial matters, and make him a valuable member of the Board and effective Chairman of our Audit Committee.

 

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W. Benjamin Moreland became a director of the Company on January 31, 2008. Since 1999, Mr. Moreland has been employed by Crown Castle International Corp., a provider of wireless communications infrastructure in Australia, Puerto Rico and the U.S., in various capacities, including his current position as President and Chief Executive Officer and, prior to that, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Moreland is also a director at Crown Castle International. Prior to joining Crown Castle International, he held various positions in corporate finance and real estate investment banking with Chase Manhattan Bank from 1984 to 1999. Mr. Moreland obtained a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Texas, and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Houston. Mr. Moreland is a member of the Audit Committee. Mr. Moreland’s successful leadership and executive experience as a Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to finance, equity markets, valuation and management matters, and make him a valuable member of our Board and of our Audit Committee.

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr. became a director of the Company on February 11, 2009. Most recently, Mr. Mosbacher has assumed the role as Chairman of Mosbacher Energy Company, a privately-held independent oil and gas exploration and production company located in Houston, Texas. Prior to that, Mr. Mosbacher was appointed by President George W. Bush in 2005 as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (“OPIC”), an independent U.S. government agency that helps small, medium and large American businesses expand into developing nations and emerging markets around the globe; he served in that position through January 2009. From 1986 until 2005, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Mosbacher Energy Company. From 1995 to 2003, Mr. Mosbacher also served as Vice Chairman of Mosbacher Power Group LLC. From August 1999 to October 2005, Mr. Mosbacher served as a Director of the Devon Energy Corporation. He also served on Devon’s Compensation Committee from June 2003 to October 2005. In April 2009 Mr. Mosbacher resumed his role as a director of Devon, and in June 2009 he resumed his role as a member of Devon’s Compensation Committee. Mr. Mosbacher obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Georgetown University and a Juris Doctorate from Southern Methodist University. Mr. Mosbacher is a member of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. Mr. Mosbacher’s extensive and varied management experience in the energy sector including natural gas and independent power generation, his experience with the Federal government at OPIC, and his service as a member of other boards and board committees provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to energy, management and government and community relations matters, and make him a valuable member of our Board and of our Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee.

William E. Oberndorf was elected by the Board to become a director of the Company on January 1, 2011, to fill the vacancy created by the passing of William J. Patterson on September 24, 2010. Mr. Oberndorf is a founding partner of SPO Advisory Corp., which is an owner of a number of businesses in a broad range of industries with an asset orientation. Mr. Oberndorf has served on the boards of numerous public and private companies. He currently serves as chairman of the board of Aggregates U.S.A. and Rosewood Hotels & Resorts. Mr. Oberndorf is also a member of the investment committee of Hotel Equity Funds and is a director emeritus of Plum Creek Timber Co. Mr. Oberndorf is a former board member of Taft Broadcasting Company, Voyager Learning Company, where he served as chairman, and Wometco Cable Television Corporation. Mr. Oberndorf received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Williams College and his Master of Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Mr. Oberndorf is a member of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Mr. Oberndorf’s knowledge and understanding of capital markets as a result of his experiences as a private equity and a venture capital investor as well as his experience serving as a director and member of committees of other boards of directors provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to capital allocation financing, capital markets and business strategy, and make him a valuable director and member of our Nominating and Governance Committee.

Denise M. O’Leary became a director of the Company on January 31, 2008. Since 1996, she has been a private venture capital investor in a variety of early stage companies. From 1983 to 1996, Ms. O’Leary was an associate, then general partner, at Menlo Ventures, a venture capital firm providing long-term capital and

 

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management services to development stage companies. From 2002 to 2006, Ms. O’Leary was a member of the Board of Directors of Chiron Corporation, at which time the company was sold to Novartis AG. She obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering from Stanford University and obtained a Master in Business Administration from Harvard Business School. Ms. O’Leary is also a director of U.S. Airways Group, Inc., where she also serves as a member of the Compensation Committee, and Medtronic, Inc. Ms. O’Leary is the Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee and a member of the Compensation Committee. Ms. O’Leary’s knowledge and understanding of capital markets as a result of her experiences as a venture capital investor as well as her experience serving as a director and member of committees of other boards of directors provide her with strong insight, particularly with regard to corporate governance, ethics and financial matters, and make her a valuable director, member of our Compensation Committee and Chair of our Nominating and Governance Committee.

J. Stuart Ryan became a director of the Company on January 31, 2008. Mr. Ryan is the founding owner and President of Rydout, LLC, a private investment firm focused on the energy and power industries since February 2003. He also has been a venture partner with SPO Advisory Corp. since 2003. In 2010, Mr. Ryan joined the Advisory Board of Banyan Energy, Inc., a venture stage company developing optical concentrators for solar modules. From 1986 through 2003, Mr. Ryan held various management positions with The AES Corporation, a global power company, including Executive Vice President from February 2000 and Chief Operating Officer from February 2002. Mr. Ryan earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Lehigh University and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard University. Mr. Ryan was appointed Chairman of the Board effective November 3, 2010, succeeding William J. Patterson who passed away on September 24, 2010. Mr. Ryan is also a member of the Compensation Committee. Mr. Ryan’s extensive industry knowledge and experience spanning more than 20 years in the power and energy industries provide him with strong insight, particularly with regard to power sector, strategy, commodities, management and financial matters, and make him an effective Chairman of our Board and a valuable member of our Compensation Committee.

BOARD MEETINGS AND BOARD COMMITTEE INFORMATION

Meetings

During 2010, the Board of Directors held ten meetings. In 2010, all directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served. It is our policy that all members of our Board attend our annual meetings of shareholders. Each director attended our 2010 annual meeting.

Committees and Committee Charters

Our Board of Directors has established the following standing committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Governance Committee. The charter of each of these Committees is available on our website at www.calpine.com/about/oc_corpgov_committees.asp. You may also request printed copies by sending a written request to our Corporate Secretary at the address set forth on the cover of this proxy statement. From time to time, the Board will create special committees to address specific matters such as financial or corporate transactions. During 2010, the Board held four special committee meetings to address acquisitions and other corporate matters.

 

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The following table identifies the individual members of our Board serving on the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee:

 

Director    Audit Committee    Compensation
Committee
   Nominating and
Governance
Committee

Frank Cassidy

      Chair   

Jack A. Fusco

        

Robert C. Hinckley

   X       X

David C. Merritt

   Chair      

W. Benjamin Moreland

   X      

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.

      X    X

William E. Oberndorf

         X

Denise M. O’Leary

      X    Chair

J. Stuart Ryan

      X   

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee meets a minimum of four times a year, and holds such additional meetings as it deems necessary to perform its responsibilities. In 2010, the Audit Committee held eight meetings.

The Audit Committee has direct responsibility for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm engaged to prepare an audit report, to perform other audits, and to review or attest services for us. The independent registered public accounting firm reports directly to the Audit Committee. Annually, the Audit Committee recommends that the Board request shareholder ratification of the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also has direct responsibility to retain, evaluate and, when appropriate, to terminate the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee is also responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and permitted non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm.

The Audit Committee acts on behalf of the Board in monitoring and overseeing the performance of our internal audit function, and our chief accounting officer has direct access to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee also oversees the operation of our internal controls covering the integrity of our financial statements and reports, compliance with laws, regulations and corporate policies, and the qualifications, performance and independence of our independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee is also responsible for determining whether any waiver of our Code of Conduct will be permitted, and for reviewing and determining whether to approve any related party transactions required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. The responsibilities and activities of the Audit Committee are further described in “Report of the Audit Committee” and the Audit Committee charter.

The Board of Directors has determined that the Audit Committee consists entirely of directors who meet the independence requirements of the NYSE listing standards and the rules and regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Board has also determined that each member of the Audit Committee has sufficient knowledge and understanding of the Company’s financial statements to serve on the Audit Committee and is financially literate within the meaning of the NYSE listing standards as interpreted by the Board. The Board has further determined that each member of the Audit Committee satisfies the definition of “audit committee financial expert” under the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act and has accounting or related financial management expertise as such qualification under the NYSE listing standards is interpreted by the Board.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee meets a minimum of four times a year and holds additional meetings as it deems necessary to perform its responsibilities. In 2010, the Compensation Committee held six meetings.

 

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The Compensation Committee has authority for reviewing and approval of total compensation, including determining salaries, performance-based incentives, and other matters related to the compensation of our executive officers. The Compensation Committee is responsible for administering our equity plans, including reviewing and granting equity awards to our executive officers. It also establishes and evaluates the achievement of any related performance goals. The Compensation Committee’s recommendations concerning equity plans are subject to approval of our entire Board.

The Compensation Committee also reviews and approves corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, evaluates the Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of those goals and objectives and determines and approves the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation level on the basis of its evaluation. While the Compensation Committee has overall responsibility for executive compensation matters, as specified in its charter, the Compensation Committee reports its preliminary conclusions with respect to the performance evaluation and compensation decisions regarding our Chief Executive Officer to the other independent directors of our Board in executive session and solicits their input prior to finalizing its conclusions.

The Compensation Committee is also generally responsible for overseeing our employee compensation and benefit policies and programs, our management development and succession programs, the development and oversight of a succession plan for the position of Chief Executive Officer and our diversity and inclusion programs.

As further described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this proxy statement, our management provides information, analysis and recommendations for the Compensation Committee’s decision-making process in connection with the amount and form of executive compensation, except that no member of management may participate in the decision-making process with respect to his or her own compensation. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis discusses the role of our Chief Executive Officer in determining or recommending the amount and form of executive compensation. In addition, the Compensation Discussion and Analysis addresses the role of management and of the Compensation Committee’s independent compensation advisor, Pay Governance, in determining and recommending executive compensation. The responsibilities and activities of the Compensation Committee are further described in “Compensation Discussion & Analysis”, the “— Report of the Compensation Committee” and the Compensation Committee charter.

Our Board of Directors has determined that the Compensation Committee consists entirely of directors who meet the independence requirements of the NYSE listing standards.

Nominating and Governance Committee and Director Nominations

The Nominating and Governance Committee meets a minimum of four times a year and holds such additional meetings as it deems necessary to perform its responsibilities. In 2010, the Nominating and Governance Committee held five meetings.

The Nominating and Governance Committee’s principal responsibilities are to assist the Board in reviewing and identifying individuals qualified to become Board members, consistent with the criteria established by the Board for director candidates, and to recommend to the Board nominees for directors for the next annual meeting of shareholders and to fill vacancies on the Board.

In carrying out its responsibilities, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers proposals from a number of sources, including recommendations for nominees from shareholders submitted upon written notice to the chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee, c/o Corporate Secretary, Calpine Corporation, 717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002. When considering a person to be recommended for nomination as a director, the Nominating and Governance Committee evaluates, among other factors, experience, accomplishments, education, skills, personal and professional integrity, diversity of the Board (in all aspects of that term) and the candidate’s ability to devote the necessary time for service as a director (including directorships and other positions held at other corporations and organizations).

 

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The Nominating and Governance Committee has no specific policy on director diversity. However, the Board reviews diversity of viewpoints, background, experience, accomplishments, education and skills when evaluating nominees. The Board believes that such diversity is important because it provides varied perspectives, which promotes active and constructive discussion among Board members and between the Board and management, resulting in more effective oversight of management’s formulation and implementation of strategic initiatives. The Board believes this diversity is demonstrated in the range of experiences, qualifications and skills of the current members of the Board. In the Board’s executive sessions and in annual performance evaluations conducted by the Board and its committees, the Board from time to time considers whether the Board’s composition promotes a constructive and collegial environment. In determining whether an incumbent director should stand for re-election, the Nominating and Governance Committee considers the above factors, as well as that director’s personal and professional integrity, attendance, preparedness, participation and candor, the individual’s satisfaction of the criteria for the nomination of directors set forth in our Corporate Governance Guidelines and other relevant factors as determined by the Board.

Our Nominating and Governance Committee also reviews non-employee director compensation and benefits on an annual basis and makes recommendations to the Board. The Nominating and Governance Committee also oversees evaluations of the Board and committees of the Board and, unless performed by the Compensation Committee, our senior managers.

Finally, the Nominating and Governance Committee has the responsibility to develop and recommend to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines and propose changes to such guidelines from time to time as may be appropriate. See “Corporate Governance Matters — Corporate Governance Guidelines.” The responsibilities and activities of the Nominating and Governance Committee are further described in the Nominating and Governance Committee charter.

Our Board of Directors has determined that the Nominating and Governance Committee consists entirely of directors who meet the independence requirements of the NYSE listing standards.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the current members of our Compensation Committee (whose names appear under “— Report of the Compensation Committee”) is, or has ever been, an officer or employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. In addition, during the last fiscal year, no executive officer of the Company served as a member of the board of directors or the compensation committee of any other entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our Board or our Compensation Committee.

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

On behalf of the Board of Directors of Calpine Corporation (the “Company”), the Audit Committee oversees the operation of the Company’s system of internal controls in respect of the integrity of its financial statements and reports, compliance with laws, regulations and corporate policies, and the qualifications, performance and independence of its independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee’s function is one of oversight, recognizing that the Company’s management is responsible for preparing its financial statements, and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing those financial statements.

Consistent with this oversight responsibility, the Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the audited financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2010, and management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010.

The Audit Committee has also discussed with PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PWC”) the matters required to be discussed by the Statement on Auditing Standards No. 61 (as amended), as adopted by Public

 

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Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) in Rule 3200T. The Audit Committee has also received the written disclosures in the letter from PWC required by the applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding PWC’s independence and has discussed with PWC their independence. The Audit Committee has determined that PWC’s non-audit services performed are compatible with its independence.

Based on these reviews and discussions, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, be included in its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year then ended. The Audit Committee has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm and has asked the shareholders to ratify the selection.

David C. Merritt (Chair)

Robert C. Hinckley

W. Benjamin Moreland

The Report of the Audit Committee does not constitute soliciting material, and shall not be deemed to be filed or incorporated by reference into any other Company filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates the Report of the Audit Committee by reference therein.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS

Corporate Governance Guidelines

Our Board of Directors has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines covering, among other things, the duties and responsibilities and independence of our directors. The Corporate Governance Guidelines cover a number of other matters, including the Board’s role in overseeing executive compensation, compensation and expenses for non-management directors, communications between shareholders and directors, Board committee structures and assignments and review and approval of related person transactions. A copy of our Corporate Governance Guidelines is available on our website at www.calpine.com/about/oc_corpgov.asp. You may also request a printed copy free of charge by sending a written request to our Corporate Secretary at the address on the cover of this proxy statement.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board recognizes that one of its key responsibilities is to evaluate and determine its optimal leadership structure so as to provide independent oversight of management. The Board believes that, given the dynamic and competitive environment in which we operate, the right Board leadership structure may vary as circumstances warrant. Upon emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2008, the newly constituted Board believed that the interests of Calpine and its shareholders would be better served by separating the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. The Board believed as the Company transitioned from Chapter 11 bankruptcy it would be important to have:

 

   

the Chief Executive Officer and management focused on managing the business of the Company;

 

   

the Board of Directors providing independent oversight of management and the Chief Executive Officer; and

 

   

the Chairman of the Board of Directors providing strategic direction and guidance.

At present, the Board has chosen to continue separating the two roles. We believe that our current leadership structure promotes balance between the authority of those who oversee our business and those who manage it on a day-to-day basis, particularly given the continuing concentration of ownership between our two major shareholders. Nevertheless, the Board recognizes that it is important to retain the organizational flexibility

 

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to determine whether the roles of the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer should be separated or combined in one individual. The Board periodically evaluates whether the Board leadership structure should be changed in light of specific circumstances applicable to us.

Code of Conduct and Ethics

Our Code of Conduct and Corporate Governance Guidelines regulate related party transactions and apply to all directors, officers and employees. The Code of Conduct requires that each individual deal fairly, honestly and constructively with governmental and regulatory bodies, customers, suppliers and competitors, and it prohibits any individual’s taking unfair advantage through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information or misrepresentation of material facts. Further, it imposes an express duty to act in the best interests of the Company and to avoid influences, interests or relationships that could give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest. If any question as to a potential conflict of interest arises, employees are directed to notify their supervisors and the Chief Legal Officer and, in the case of directors and the Chief Executive Officer, they are to notify the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

Our Code of Conduct also prohibits directors, officers and employees from competing with us, using Company property or information, or such employee’s position, for personal gain, and taking corporate opportunities for personal gain. Waivers of our Code of Conduct must be explicit. The director, officer or employee seeking a waiver must provide his supervisor and the Chief Legal Officer with all pertinent information and, if the Chief Legal Officer recommends approval of a waiver, it shall present such information and the recommendation to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. A waiver may only be granted if (i) the Audit Committee is satisfied that all relevant information has been provided and (ii) adequate controls have been instituted to assure that the interests of the Company remain protected. In the case of our Chief Executive Officer and our directors, any waiver must also be approved by both the Audit Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. Any waiver that is granted, and the basis for granting the waiver, will be publicly communicated as appropriate, including posting on our website, as soon as practicable. We granted no waivers under our Code of Conduct in 2010. The Code of Conduct is posted on our website at http://www.calpine.com/about/oc_corpgov.asp; you may also request a printed copy free of charge by sending a written request to our Corporate Secretary at the address listed on the cover of this proxy statement. We intend to post any amendments and any waivers of our Code of Conduct on our website within four business days.

Director Independence

Our independent directors are: Frank Cassidy, Robert C. Hinckley, David C. Merritt, W. Benjamin Moreland, Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr., William E. Oberndorf, Denise M. O’Leary and J. Stuart Ryan. With eight independent directors out of nine total directors, the Board has satisfied its objective as set forth in the Corporate Governance Guidelines to have at least three-quarters of the Board consist of independent directors, as well as NYSE listing standards requiring that at least a majority of the Board consist of independent directors.

For a director to be considered independent, the Board must determine that the director does not have any direct or indirect material relationship with us. The Board considers the following transactions, relationships and arrangements in determining director independence (which are included in our Corporate Governance Guidelines). Under these guidelines, a member of the Board of Directors may be considered independent if such member has not been employed by the Company within the last three years (other than as interim Chairman of the Board of Directors or interim Chief Executive Officer) and:

 

   

does not have an immediate family member that has been employed by the Company as an executive officer within the last three years;

 

   

has not received more than $120,000 in direct compensation from the Company within the last three years other than for services as a member of the Board of Directors, interim Chairman of the Board of Directors or interim Chief Executive Officer;

 

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is not, and has not been within the last three years, an executive officer or an employee of a significant customer or supplier of the Company;

 

   

is not, and has not been within the last three years, affiliated with or employed by the Company’s present or former internal or external auditor;

 

   

is not affiliated with any not-for-profit entity which, in the business judgment of the Board of Directors, receives significant contributions from the Company;

 

   

is not employed as an executive officer of a public company at which an executive officer of the Company serves as a member of such public company’s board of directors;

 

   

has not had any of the relationships described above with any affiliate of the Company;

 

   

is not a member of the immediate family of any individual, or have an immediate family member, with any of the relationships described in the bulleted paragraphs above (where an “immediate family member” includes spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers-in-law, fathers-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law and anyone (other than a domestic employee) who shares the director’s or other individual’s home); and

 

   

has no other material relationship which, in the business judgment of the Board of Directors, would impair his or her ability to exercise independent judgment.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, each member of the Board of Directors must meet any mandatory qualifications for membership on the Board, and the Board as a whole must meet the minimum independence requirements imposed by any exchange or market on which our common stock is listed and any other laws and regulations applicable to us. Each member of the Board of Directors is required to promptly advise the Chairman of the Board (or the Lead Director if one has been appointed as described below) and the Nominating and Governance Committee of any matters which, at any time, may affect such member’s qualifications for membership under the criteria imposed by any applicable exchange or market, any other laws and regulations or these guidelines, including, but not limited to, such member’s independence.

In reaching its determinations, the Board reviewed the categorical standards listed above, the corporate governance rules of the NYSE and the individual circumstances of each director and determined that each of the directors identified above as independent satisfied each standard. In particular, in determining that Messrs. Oberndorf and Ryan are independent directors, the Board considered the beneficial ownership of shares by such directors, or entities deemed to be controlled by such directors or by which such directors are employed or are otherwise related (other than shares or options to purchase shares granted to such directors as compensation for their services as directors), including the fact that Messrs. Ryan and Oberndorf are affiliated with a stockholder that holds approximately 21.1% of the common stock of Calpine. In this context, the Board reviewed the NYSE’s position that the NYSE does not view ownership of even a significant amount of stock, by itself, as a bar to an independence finding.

Business Relationships and Related Party Transactions Policy

We have adopted a written policy regarding approval requirements for related person transactions. Under our related person transactions policy, our Chief Legal Officer is primarily responsible for the development and implementation of processes and controls to obtain information from the directors and executive officers with respect to related person transactions and for then determining, based on the facts and circumstances, whether a related person has a direct or indirect material interest in the transaction. Under our policy, (i) transactions that involve directors, director nominees, executive officers, significant shareholders or other “related persons” in which the Company is or will be a participant and (ii) of the type that must be disclosed under the Commission’s rules must be referred by the Chief Legal Officer to our Audit Committee for the purpose of determining whether such transactions are in the best interests of the Company. Under our policy, it is the responsibility of the individual directors, director nominees, executive officers and holders of five

 

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percent or more of the Company’s Common Stock to promptly report to our Chief Legal Officer all proposed or existing transactions in which the Company and they, or any related person of theirs, are parties or participants. The Chief Legal Officer (or the Chief Executive Officer, in the event the transaction in question involves the Chief Legal Officer or a related person of the Chief Legal Officer) is then required to furnish to the Chairman of the Audit Committee reports relating to any transaction that, in the Chief Legal Officer’s judgment, may require reporting pursuant to the Commission’s rules or may otherwise be the type of transaction that should be brought to the attention of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee considers material facts and circumstances concerning the transaction in question, consults with counsel and other advisors as it deems advisable and makes a determination or recommendation to the Board of Directors and appropriate officers of the Company with respect to the transaction in question. In its review, the Audit Committee considers the nature of the related person’s interest in the transaction, the material terms of the transaction, the relative importance of the transaction to the related person, the relative importance of the transaction to the Company and any other matters deemed important or relevant. Upon receipt of the Audit Committee’s recommendation, the Board of Directors or officers, take such action as deemed appropriate in light of their respective responsibilities under applicable laws and regulations.

Chairman/Lead Director, Executive Sessions of Independent Directors and Communications with the Board

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that a Chairman will be selected annually by a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The Chairman is to be selected from among the independent directors provided that, if the Board of Directors determines that it is appropriate to have, and selects, a Chairman that is not independent, the Board of Directors shall also select a Lead Director from among the independent directors. The Chairman and the Lead Director, if any, will have such duties and responsibilities as may be set forth in the Corporate Governance Guidelines from time to time. Mr. Ryan is our current Chairman.

Under our Corporate Governance Guidelines, non-management directors hold an executive session without management at each regularly scheduled Board meeting. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines also require that, at least once each year, the independent members of the Board of Directors (if different from the non-management directors) meet in executive session.

A majority of our independent directors has approved procedures with respect to the receipt, review and processing of, and any response to, written communications sent by shareholders and other interested persons to our Board of Directors. Such communications may be addressed to:

Calpine Corporation

717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000

Houston, Texas 77002

Attn: Corporate Secretary

Interested parties may also send communications by e-mail addressed to the Board, individual director(s) or committee(s) at Board_of_Directors@calpine.com.

Our Corporate Secretary is authorized to open and review any mail or other correspondence received that is addressed to the Board, a committee or any individual director. If, upon opening any correspondence, the Corporate Secretary determines that it contains materials unrelated to the business or operations of the Company or to the Board’s functions, including magazines, solicitations or advertisements, the contents may be discarded.

Any interested party, including any employee, may make confidential, anonymous submissions regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters or internal accounting controls and may communicate directly with the Chairman (or Lead Director) by letter to the above address, marked for the attention of the Chairman or Lead Director, as applicable. Any written communication regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or other financial matters are processed in accordance with procedures adopted by the Audit Committee.

 

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The Board’s Role in Risk Oversight

In the normal course of its business, Calpine is exposed to a variety of risks, including (i) financial risks relating to changes in commodity prices and interest rates, (ii) operational risks, including long-term changes in commodity prices, risks of changing technology affecting the Company’s resource base, governmental policy decisions, and increasing competition from renewable sources of power generation, (iii) legislative and regulatory risks, including those related to climate change and air emissions, and (iv) general economic, credit and investment risks.

The full Board of Directors oversees the Company’s risk management policies with an emphasis on understanding the key enterprise risks affecting the Company’s business. In addition, the Board monitors the ways in which the Company attempts to prudently mitigate risks, to the extent reasonably practicable and consistent with the Company’s long-term strategies.

The Company has a Risk Management Committee, chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, consisting of key finance, legal and control executives. The committee meets throughout the year to review risk exposures and controls. At least annually, the Chief Risk Officer presents a comprehensive review of the Company’s corporate risk policy to the full Board of Directors, discussing the risk control organization and risk control practices. The full Board of Directors also receives updates at other meetings during the year on any particular matters relating to risk controls that management believes need to be brought to the attention of the Board of Directors.

 

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS

The following table sets forth certain information known to the Company regarding the beneficial ownership of its common stock as of March 7, 2011, by (i) each person known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of its common stock, (ii) each of our directors, (iii) each of our named executive officers and (iv) all of our executive officers and directors serving as of March 7, 2011, as a group. Unless otherwise stated, the address of each named executive officer and director is c/o Calpine Corporation, Suite 1000, 717 Texas Avenue, Houston, Texas 77002.

 

Name

  Common Shares Beneficially
Owned(1)
    Shares Individuals
Have the Right to
Acquire Within 60
Days
    Total Number of
Shares Beneficially
Owned(1)
    Percent of
Class
 

SPO Advisory Corp.(2)

    94,184,269        8,956        94,193,225        21.1

Luminus Management LLC(3)

    70,946,937        —          70,946,937        15.9

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.(4)

    38,631,100        —          38,631,100        8.7

Jack A. Fusco(5)

    500,000        2,157,600        2,657,600        *   

Zamir Rauf(6)

    41,300        111,566        152,866        *   

W. Thaddeus Miller(7)

    151,083        671,200        822,283        *   

John B. Hill(8)

    60,745        525,892        586,637        *   

Jim D. Deidiker(9)

    8,011        33,333        41,344        *   

Frank Cassidy(10)

    5,029        8,956        13,985        *   

Robert C. Hinckley(10)

    6,112        8,956        15,068        *   

David C. Merritt(10)

    5,029        8,956        13,985        *   

W. Benjamin Moreland(10)

    5,029        8,956        13,985        *   

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.(10)

    8,956        —          8,956        *   

William E. Oberndorf (2)(11)

    93,994,240        —          93,994,240        21.1

Denise M. O’Leary(10)

    5,029        8,956        13,985        *   

J. Stuart Ryan(2)(10)(12)

    93,964,369        8,956        93,973,325        21.1

All executive officers and directors as a group (14 persons)

    94,831,570        3,582,227        98,413,797        21.9

 

* The percentage of shares beneficially owned by such director or named executive officer does not exceed one percent of the outstanding shares of common stock.

 

(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and consists of either or both voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options or warrants or upon the conversion of convertible securities that are immediately exercisable or convertible or that will become exercisable or convertible within the next 60 days are deemed beneficially owned by the beneficial owner of such options, warrants or convertible securities and are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of shares beneficially owned by the person holding such instruments, but are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of any other person. Except as otherwise indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table have reported that they have sole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock shown as beneficially owned by them. A total of 445,908,910 shares of common stock are considered to be outstanding on March 7, 2011, pursuant to Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act.

 

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(2) According to the most recent Schedule 13D/A filed January 6, 2011 with the SEC by SPO Advisory Corp., it possesses shared voting and dispositive power over such shares with the following reporting persons:

 

Reporting Person

   Number of
Shares with
Sole Voting

and Dispositive
Power
     Number of
Shares with
Shared Voting
and Dispositive
Power
     Aggregate
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
     Percent of
Class
Beneficially
Owned
 

SPO Partners II, L.P.

     85,541,939                 85,541,939         19.2

SPO Partners II Co-Investment Partnership, L.P.

     5,150,500                 5,150,500         1.2

SPO Advisory Partners, L.P.

     90,692,439                 90,692,439         20.3

San Francisco Partners, L.P.

     3,266,901                 3,266,901         *   

SF Advisory Partners, L.P.

     3,266,901                 3,266,901         *   

John H. Scully

     178,200         93,959,340         94,137,540         21.1

William E. Oberndorf

     34,900         93,959,340         93,994,240         21.1

Edward H. McDermott

     6,800         93,959,340         93,966,140         21.1

J. Stuart Ryan(a)

     13,985         93,959,340         93,973,325         21.1

Phoebe Snow Foundation, Inc.

     172,100                 172,100         *   

 

  * Less than 1%.

 

  (a) The 13,985 shares with sole voting and dispositive power reported and the total shares reported includes 8,956 restricted stock units received by Mr. Ryan on May 7, 2009, as compensation for serving as a director during 2009 pursuant to the Director Plan. The award vested on May 7, 2010, but Mr. Ryan elected to defer the distribution date until June 1, 2011. See footnote 10 of Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners for more information.

According to filings made by SPO Advisory Corp. with the SEC, the principal business address of SPO Advisory Corp. is 591 Redwood Highway, Suite 3215, Mill Valley, CA 94941.

 

(3) According to the most recent Schedule 13D/A filed March 26, 2009 with the SEC by Luminus Management LLC and subsequent Forms 4 filed March 27, 2009 and April 1, 2009 with the SEC by LSP Cal Holdings II, LLC, it possesses shared voting and dispositive power over such shares with the following reporting persons:

 

Reporting Person

   Number of
Shares with
Sole Voting

and Dispositive
Power
     Number of
Shares with

Shared Voting
and  Dispositive
Power
     Aggregate
Number of
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
     Percent of
Class

Beneficially
Owned
 

Farrington Management, LLC

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

LSP Cal Holdings I, LLC

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

LSP Cal Holdings II, LLC

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

LS Power Partners, L.P.

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

LS Power Partners II, L.P.

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

Luminus Asset Partners, L.P.

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

Luminus Energy Partners Master Fund, Ltd.

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

Farrington Capital, LP

             70,946,937         70,946,937         15.9

According to such Schedule 13D/A, the principal business address of each of Luminus Management, LLC, Luminus Asset Partners, L.P. and Luminus Energy Partners Master Fund, Ltd. is 1700 Broadway, 38th Floor, New York, NY 10019 and the principal business address of each of LSP Cal Holdings I, LLC, LSP Cal Holdings II, LLC, LS Power Partners, L.P. and LS Power Partners II, L.P. is 1700 Broadway, 35th Floor, New York, NY 10019. No address was provided for Farrington Capital, LP or Farrington Management, LLC.

 

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Luminus Management LLC and some or all of the other entities described above may have made additional transactions in our common stock since the time that the Schedule 13D/A was filed with the SEC. Accordingly, the information presented may not reflect all of the shares currently beneficially owned by each member of such group.

 

(4) According to the most recent Schedule 13G filed February 10, 2011 with the SEC by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (“Price Associates”), it possesses sole voting power over 9,895,400 shares and sole dispositive power over 38,631,100 shares. These securities are owned by various individual and institutional investors for whom Price Associates serves as investment adviser with power to direct investments and/or sole power to vote the securities. For purposes of the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Price Associates is deemed to be a beneficial owner of such securities; however, Price Associates expressly disclaims that it is, in fact, the beneficial owner of such securities except to the extent of its pecuniary interest therein. According to such Schedule 13G, the principal business address of Price Associates is 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Price Associates may have made additional transactions in our common stock since the time that the Schedule 13G was filed with the SEC. Accordingly, the information presented may not reflect all of the shares currently beneficially owned by Price Associates.

 

(5) Of the total shares reported, 500,000 shares are owned by Fusco Energy Investment LLP and may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Fusco as the General Partner thereof. Mr. Fusco has the right to acquire 2,157,600 vested option shares (508,400 shares, 574,000 shares, 645,200 shares and 430,000 shares at exercise prices of $19.19, $21.59, $23.99 and $15.99 per share, respectively).

 

(6) Of the total shares reported, Mr. Rauf has the right to acquire 111,566 vested option shares (23,200 shares, 21,700 shares and 66,666 shares at exercise prices of $16.90, $18.38 and $8.01 per share, respectively).

 

(7) Of the total shares reported, Mr. Miller has the right to acquire 671,200 vested option shares (138,000 shares, 157,600 shares, 177,200 shares and 198,400 shares at exercise prices of $16.60, $19.19, $21.59 and $23.99 per share, respectively).

 

(8) Of the total shares reported, Mr. Hill has the right to acquire 525,892 vested option shares (104,832 shares, 123,968 shares, 139,882 shares and 157,210 shares at exercise prices of $18.00, $21.60, $24.30 and $27.00 per share, respectively).

 

(9) Of the total shares reported, Mr. Deidiker has the right to acquire 33,333 vested option shares at an exercise price of $8.25 per share.

 

(10) On May 7, 2009, each member of the Board of Directors received an award of 8,956 restricted stock units pursuant to the Director Plan, vesting on May 7, 2010. The following members of the Board elected to defer the distribution date of such restricted stock units as follows: Mr. Cassidy – to May 7, 2011, Mr. Hinckley – to May 8, 2011, Mr. Merritt – to June 30, 2014, Mr. Moreland – to May 1, 2013, Ms. O’Leary – to June 1, 2011, and Mr. Ryan – to June 1, 2011. All restricted stock units awarded to our directors will be automatically distributed on their elected distribution dates, subject to an earlier distribution upon termination of the director’s service on the Board of Directors.

On May 19, 2010, each member of the Board of Directors received an award of 6,367 shares of restricted stock units pursuant to the Director Plan, vesting on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary date of the grant date or the day immediately preceding the date of the 2011 Annual Meeting. These awards are not included in the amounts reported herein, as they do not meet the reporting criteria.

 

(11) Of these shares, 93,959,340 shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Oberndorf as a partner of SPO Advisory Corp. Mr. Oberndorf disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. See footnote 2 for additional information.

 

(12) Of these shares, 93,959,340 shares may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Ryan solely in his capacity as an advisor to SPO Advisory Corp. Mr. Ryan disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. See footnote 2 for additional information. See footnote 10 for additional information on restricted stock units.

 

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

The following table provides certain information concerning the compensation for services rendered in all capacities, by all non-employee directors serving on our Board for the year ended December 31, 2010:

 

Name

   Fees Earned or
Paid in Cash

($)
     Stock Awards
($)(1)
     Total
($)
 

Frank Cassidy

     88,000         84,999         172,999   

Robert C. Hinckley

     90,000         84,999         174,999   

David C. Merritt

     98,000         84,999         182,999   

W. Benjamin Moreland

     78,000         84,999         162,999   

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.

     90,000         84,999         174,999   

Denise M. O’Leary(2)

     90,000         84,999         174,999   

William J. Patterson(3)

     58,500         134,995         193,495   

J. Stuart Ryan(3)

     78,000         84,999         162,999   

 

 

(1) The amounts set forth next to each award represent the aggregate grant date fair value of such awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (“FASB ASC Topic 718”). For discussion of the assumptions used in these valuations, see Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Represents (i) 6,367 restricted stock units granted to each of Ms. O’Leary and Messrs Cassidy, Hinckley, Merritt, Moreland, Mosbacher, Patterson, and Ryan on May 19, 2010 pursuant to the Director Plan and (ii) in the case of Mr. Patterson, 3,745 restricted stock units granted on May 19, 2010 pursuant to the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Equity Plan”) for his services as the Chairman of the Board of Directors, vesting on the earlier to occur of the first anniversary date of the Grant Date or the day immediately preceding the date of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders. Other than the 6,367 and 3,745 restricted stock units which fully vested upon Mr. Patterson’s death on September 24, 2010, all such grants remain outstanding at December 31, 2010.

 

(2) Ms. O’Leary was entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $10,000 for her service as Chairman of the Nominating & Governance Committee, but elected to forego this additional annual retainer for 2010.

 

(3) Mr. Patterson was entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $100,000 for his service as Chairman of the Board, but elected to forego this additional annual retainer for 2010. Mr. Patterson passed away on September 24, 2010 and was succeeded by Mr. Ryan. Mr. Ryan was appointed Chairman of the Board on November 3, 2010 and was entitled to receive a pro rata additional annual retainer of $100,000 for his services as Chairman of the Board, but elected to forego this additional annual retainer for 2010.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that compensation for our non-employee directors’ services may include annual cash retainers, shares of our common stock and options for such shares; meeting fees; fees for serving as a committee chairman; and fees for serving as a director of a subsidiary. We also reimburse directors for their reasonable out-of-pocket and travel expenses in connection with attendance at Board and committee meetings. Our Compensation Committee reviews director compensation annually and makes recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation and benefits provided to the members of the Board. Our Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that director compensation should be fair and equitable to enable the Company to attract qualified members to serve on its Board.

 

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We had the following compensation structure for non-employee directors for 2010:

 

     Annual Retainer
($)
    Meeting Fees
($)
     Restricted Stock  Award
Value

($)
    Committee  Chair
Retainer

($)
 

Outside Board Members

     50,000        16,000         85,000 (1)        

Chairman of the Board

     100,000 (2)              50,000 (3)        

Audit Committee

            12,000                20,000   

Compensation Committee

            12,000                10,000   

Nominating and Governance Committee

            12,000                10,000   

 

(1) Restricted shares of common stock vesting on the earlier to occur, the first anniversary of the date of grant or the day immediately preceding the date of the next Annual Meeting of the Stockholders.

 

(2) The Chairman of the Board is entitled to receive this amount in addition to the annual retainer.

 

(3) The Chairman of the Board will receive this additional amount in the form of restricted shares.

 

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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of the proxy statement explains how our executive compensation programs are designed and operate with respect to the following officers identified in the “Summary Compensation Table” below (the “named executive officers”):

 

Jack A. Fusco    President and Chief Executive Officer
Zamir Rauf    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
John B. Hill    Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
W. Thaddeus Miller    Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
Jim D. Deidiker    Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

Executive Summary

Our goal is to be recognized as the premier independent power company in the U.S. and the Compensation Committee believes that our executive compensation program is instrumental in helping the Company achieve this goal. Our executive compensation program is simple in design. The compensation of our named executive officers consists almost exclusively of base salary, annual cash incentives and grants of equity, primarily in the form of stock options.

Our compensation program is designed to focus and reward our named executive officers for continued success. Consistent with our compensation philosophy (as discussed below), the Compensation Committee sets the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, substantially based on their achievement of annual financial and operational objectives that further our long-term business goals and based on the creation of sustainable long-term shareholder value. As a result, the vast majority of our named executive officers’ total compensation is tied to performance. This is done by basing a significant portion of their compensation on performance incentives whether through equity awards (in the case of long-term incentives), which are tied to the appreciation of the price of our common stock, or through annual cash incentive bonuses, which are tied to the achievement of corporate performance goals and certain financial and operating metrics. The following table illustrates that 92% of the pay mix for our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) over the past three years is tied to performance-based short- and long-term incentives. Similarly, 76% of the average pay mix of our other four named executive officers (“Other NEOs”), as a group, over the past three years is also performance-based.

LOGO

2010 Financial Performance Highlights and Compensation Decisions for Our Named Executive Officers

Our executive compensation decisions in 2010 were greatly influenced by our strong operating results in a challenging economic environment. Several key operating performance measures that drive our success and shareholder value — strong commodity margin, cost management, financially disciplined growth, availability and reliability of our power plants as well as a high level of operational safety — are used in the annual incentive plan for our named executive officers. For the year ended December 31, 2010, we exceeded our target thresholds

 

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for Commodity Margin and Expense and we increased cash flow by over $1 billion compared to 2009. We also realized a 21% increase in the share price of the Company’s common stock. In addition to our financial performance achievements, we achieved key strategic objectives during 2010 to maintain financially disciplined growth, to enhance shareholder value and set the foundation for continued growth and improvement of future financial performance by repositioning our asset base and reducing risk in our capital structure. A comparison of some of our key operating performance measures compared to 2009 are listed below (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts):

 

             2010                     2009          

Commodity Margin(1)

   $ 2,537      $ 2,665   

Expenses(1)

   $ 826      $ 848   

CAPEX & major maintenance expense(1)

   $ 522      $ 330   

Average EFOF(1)

     4.0     2.7

TRIR(1)

     2.8     1.2

Income from operations

   $ 901      $ 1,013   

Cash flow

   $ 338      $ (668

Earnings Per Share

   $ 0.07      $ 0.31   

Share Price on December 31

   $ 13.34      $ 11.00   

 

(1) As defined later in this section in our 2010 CIP Performance Score Calculation in “— Elements of Compensation.”

Our fiscal year 2010 compensation actions and decisions were substantially based on our named executive officers’ accomplishments and contributions to the Company’s performance results, as highlighted above. Overall, base salaries increased only modestly with increases ranging from 0% to 5% as the Company remained cautious in light of the current macroeconomic environment. The annual cash incentive bonus, pursuant to the Calpine Incentive Plan, was 105% of target for 2010 compared to 131% for 2009. Further details of our base salaries, 2010 CIP performance score calculation and other key strategic achievements are discussed in greater detail under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Determining Executive Compensation.”

Our Compensation Program Objectives and Guiding Principles

The Compensation Committee believes that the compensation program for our named executive officers emphasizes at-risk, performance-based compensation without motivating excessive risk taking. The Compensation Committee believes that our compensation program also helps the Company to recruit, retain and motivate a highly talented team of executives with the requisite set of skills and experience to successfully lead the Company in creating value for our shareholders. The compensation objectives and principles that govern the Company’s compensation decisions include:

 

   

Alignment with Shareholders’ Interests — Our long-term incentive awards are equity-based, linking a significant portion of our named executive officers’ pay to the value and appreciation of the price of our common stock.

 

   

Pay for Performance — The vast majority of compensation for our named executive officers is linked to performance through appreciation of the price of our common stock and the achievement of corporate performance goals and certain financial and operating metrics that we believe drive the price of our common stock.

 

   

Emphasis on Performance Over Time — The compensation program for our named executive officers is designed to mitigate excessive short-term decision making and risk taking. The value of long-term incentives is substantially greater than the annual cash incentive bonus and our annual incentive plan limits the maximum cash incentive bonus that can be earned in a given year. The Compensation Committee also retains the discretionary power to reduce annual incentive awards

 

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below calculated values. The employment or letter agreements for Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill, as applicable, include both a three-year clawback provision related to any after-tax portion of income realized from the exercise of their sign-on options in the event they commit a willful and intentional act which directly results in a material restatement of the Company’s earnings, and require retention of common stock from the exercise of options of their initial sign-on grants equal to at least fifty (50%) of the after-tax proceeds of each initial sign-on option exercise until termination of employment; provided that the retention requirement does not apply in any case where the clawback provision applies. Finally, we require our executives to comply with our Code of Conduct as a condition of employment.

 

   

Recruitment, Retention and Motivation of Key Leadership Talent — We provide an appropriate combination of fixed and variable compensation designed not only to attract and motivate the most talented executives for Calpine, but also to encourage retention by vesting equity awards over three to five years.

Determining Executive Compensation

In determining base salary, annual bonuses and equity awards, the Compensation Committee uses the relevant executive officer’s current level of total compensation as the starting point. The committee bases any adjustments to the current pay level on several factors, including the scope and complexity of the functions the executive officer oversees, the contribution of those functions to our overall performance, individual experience and capabilities, individual performance and competitive pay practices. In addition, wealth accumulation is considered when making long-term incentive grants. In evaluating total compensation for Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill, the Compensation Committee considered prior equity grants made to them pursuant to their respective employment agreements or letter agreements, as applicable. Any variations in compensation among our executive officers reflect differences in these factors.

2010 Performance and Strategic Accomplishments Considered in Determining Executive Compensation

In addition to our financial performance achievements, the Company accomplished the following key strategic objectives during 2010 to maintain financially disciplined growth, to enhance shareholder value and set the foundation for continued growth and improvement of future financial performance by repositioning our asset base and reducing risk in our capital structure:

 

   

We acquired 18 operating power plants and one plant under construction, which achieved commercial operations on March 3, 2011, totaling approximately 4,490 MW of new capacity on July 1, 2010, providing us with a significant presence in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., one of the most robust competitive power markets in the U.S. This transaction was meaningfully accretive to both our earnings and our free cash flow and was made at an attractive price of approximately $380 per kilowatt, which is substantially below the cost of new construction in the region.

 

   

We sold our Blue Spruce and Rocky Mountain power plants located in Colorado, a non-core market, for approximately $739 million ($800 per kilowatt), and we sold 25% undivided interest in the assets of our Freestone power plant, located in our Texas market, for approximately $215 million ($830 per kilowatt). Each sale was made at an attractive price with sales proceeds used to repay approximately $418 million in project debt and to fund future growth in our core markets.

 

   

We issued our First Lien Notes, terminated our First Lien Credit Facility and extended our debt maturities. Together, these changes eliminated the more restrictive of our debt covenants, resulting in increased operational, strategic and financial flexibility in managing our capital resources including the flexibility to reinvest more earnings for organic growth, issue and/or buyback shares of our common stock and incur additional debt, if needed, for acquisitions or development. Additionally, we achieved attractive yields and a maturity schedule stretching from 2017 to 2023 with no more than $2 billion of corporate debt maturing in any given year.

 

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On December 10, 2010, we executed our $1.0 billion Corporate Revolving Facility, which replaced our $1.0 billion revolver under our First Lien Credit Facility and allows for up to $750 million of availability for the issuance of letters of credit and up to $50 million as a swingline sub-facility. The Corporate Revolving Facility may be utilized for working capital requirements and other general corporate purposes.

 

   

We continue to grow our presence in our core markets with an emphasis on expansions or upgrades at existing sites and power plants. As part of our previously mentioned entry into the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S., we acquired the York Energy Center, a 565 MW power plant under construction, which achieved commercial operations on March 3, 2011. Our Russell City Energy Center and Los Esteros Critical Energy Facility both commenced construction with expected commercial operations dates in 2013. In addition, we have continued to make progress with our ongoing turbine upgrade program.

Compensation Consultant

The Compensation Committee has authority to retain compensation consulting firms exclusively to assist it in the evaluation of executive officer and employee compensation and benefit programs. As part of the process of evaluating our compensation practices in 2010, the Compensation Committee retained Towers Watson through August 2010 and Pay Governance thereafter, both national compensation consulting firms, as its independent compensation advisor. The independent compensation advisor provides an additional objective perspective as to the reasonableness of our executive compensation programs and practices and their effectiveness in supporting our business and compensation objectives. During 2010, the compensation advisor regularly participated in Committee meetings and advised the Committee with respect to compensation trends and best practices, incentive plan design, competitive pay levels, our shareholder approved equity plan, and individual pay decisions with respect to our named executive officers and other executive officers. While our advisor regularly consults with management in performing work requested by the Committee, neither Towers Watson nor Pay Governance performed any separate additional services for management.

Comparator Group

We believe that it is appropriate to offer industry competitive cash and equity compensation packages to our named executive officers in order to attract and retain top executive talent. The compensation comparator group allows us to monitor the compensation practices of our primary competitors for executive talent. However, we do not rely on this information to target any specific pay percentile for our executive officers. Instead, we use this information as a general overview of market practices and to ensure that we make informed decisions on executive pay packages.

 

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To help us evaluate our overall 2010 compensation, our compensation advisor analyzed publicly available information, including proxy data, as well as recent market trends. The advisor compared the current level of compensation for our executive officers to compensation paid to comparable positions at companies in an industry comparator group approved by the Compensation Committee. The comparator group was expanded in 2010 due to announced and anticipated consolidation in the 2009 primary comparator group, such as Mirant which merged with and into RRI Energy Inc. to form GenOn Energy Holdings, Inc. on December 3, 2010. The criteria used to identify our 2010 compensation comparator group were: (1) industry and energy portfolio — we compete for talent with energy and utility companies that have significant generation portfolios and significant non-regulated energy operations, and (2) financial scope — our management talent should be similar to that of companies that have similar financial characteristics (e.g., revenues, market capitalization and total assets). The 15 companies in the comparator group generally had 2010 revenue, market capitalization and total enterprise value in a relevant range around those of Calpine as set forth below ($ in millions):

 

Company

   Enterprise
Value
    Market
Capitalization
    Revenue  

Dominion Resources, Inc.

   $     42,640      $     24,799      $     15,197   

Duke Energy Corporation

     40,353        23,590        13,972   

PG&E Corp.

     32,142        18,756        13,841   

The AES Corporation

     27,215        9,599        16,647   

FirstEnergy Corp.

     25,031        11,285        12,911   

Public Service Enterprise Group

     24,850        16,094        11,793   

Edison International

     23,948        12,576        12,409   

Entergy Corporation

     23,336        12,814        11,488   

PPL Corporation

     25,152        12,720        8,521   

DTE Energy Co.

     15,763        7,664        8,557   

NRG Energy, Inc.

     12,478        4,830        8,849   

TransAlta Corp.

     8,837        4,660        2,819   

Constellation Energy Group, Inc.

     8,878        6,120        14,340   

Dynegy Inc.

     5,196        678        2,323   

GenOn Energy Holdings, Inc.

     6,598        2,919        2,270   
                        

Median

     23,948        11,285        11,793   
                        

Calpine Corp.

   $ 15,230      $ 5,930      $ 6,545   

Calpine Percentile Rank

     35     28     19

The Compensation Committee considers pay data from the appropriate position matches within the total comparator group for our named executive officers, including the effect on compensation, if any, of specific peer company size differences. General industry survey data was considered when evaluating total pay of Mr.  Deidiker, for whose position proxy data was not available.

Role of Executive Officers in Executive Compensation Decisions

The Chief Executive Officer reviews the compensation data gathered from the compensation surveys, considers each executive officer’s performance (other than himself) and makes a recommendation to the Compensation Committee on base salary, annual bonus and equity awards for each named executive officer other than himself. The Chief Executive Officer participates in Compensation Committee meetings at the Compensation Committee’s request to provide background information regarding the Company’s strategic objectives and to evaluate the performance of and compensation recommendations for the other executive officers. The Committee utilizes the information provided by the Chief Executive Officer along with input from its compensation advisor and the knowledge and experience of its members in making compensation decisions. Executive officers do not propose or seek approval for their own compensation. The Chairman of the Compensation Committee, with input from the Chairman of the Board of Directors, recommends the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to the Compensation Committee in executive session, not attended by the Chief Executive Officer.

 

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Elements of Compensation

Compensation for the named executive officers consists of:

 

   

base salary;

 

   

annual cash incentives pursuant to the Calpine Incentive Plan;

 

   

long-term incentives including stock options and restricted stock awards;

 

   

perquisites and other personal benefits; and

 

   

post-employment compensation.

Purpose of Each Element of Compensation

The portion of total compensation delivered in the form of base salary and benefits is intended to provide a competitive foundation and fixed rate of pay for the work being performed by each named executive officer and the associated level of responsibility and contributions to Calpine. The compensation opportunity beyond those pay elements is at risk and must be earned through achievement of annual goals, which represent performance expectations of the Board and management and long-term value creation for shareholders. In setting target compensation, the Compensation Committee focuses on the total compensation opportunity for the executive. The proportion of compensation designed to be delivered in base salary versus variable pay depends on the executive’s position and the ability of that position to influence overall Company performance. The more senior the level of the executive the greater is the amount of pay opportunity that is variable.

In order to attract highly qualified executives capable of leading the Company following our emergence from Chapter 11 in 2008, we entered into employment agreements with Mr. Fusco, our Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Miller, our Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer. The terms of the agreements with Messrs. Fusco and Miller extend through August 10, 2013. Mr. Rauf, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Hill, our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, and Mr. Deidiker, our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, were issued letter agreements outlining the terms of their employment but do not have employment agreements. Except in the case of Messrs. Fusco and Miller, our executive officers are employed at will without employment agreements and severance payment arrangements (except as required by local law and provided in our Severance Benefits Plan).

Details of Each Element of Compensation

Base Salary. We pay base salaries to provide a minimum, fixed level of cash compensation for the named executive officers to compensate them for services rendered during the fiscal year. The 2010 base salary of each of our named executive officers was set following an annual review, during which adjustments were made to reflect performance-based factors, as well as competitive considerations. During its annual review of base salaries, the Compensation Committee primarily considers:

 

   

our budget for annual merit increases;

 

   

the appropriateness of each executive officer’s compensation, both individually and relative to the other executive officers;

 

   

the individual performance of each executive officer; and

 

   

pay data from our comparator group of companies provided by our compensation advisor.

We do not apply specific formulas to determine increases. Generally, executive salaries are adjusted effective with the first payroll period after the adjustment is determined. Pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements, or letter agreement in the case of Mr. Hill, the Compensation Committee performed an annual review of base salary for Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill in 2010. Base salary for each executive was increased to recognize performance and individual contributions to the improved strategy and operations of the Company and to ensure the base salary level is consistent with market practice. Base salary increases were

 

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approximately 2.4% overall for our named executive officers, with individual increases indicated below:

 

Jack A. Fusco

     2.4%      (from $1,030,000 to $1,055,000)                

John B. Hill

     0% (1)    ($650,000)

W. Thaddeus Miller

     2.0%      (from $725,000 to $740,000)

Zamir Rauf

     5.0%      (from $500,000 to $525,000)

Jim D. Deidiker

     3.3%      (from $357,000 to $369,000)

 

 

(1) In connection with Mr. Hill’s appointment to Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer on November 3, 2010, his annual base salary was increased from $625,000 to $650,000, an increase of 4%.

Annual Incentive Calpine Incentive Plan. Our annual incentive program, the Calpine Incentive Plan (the “CIP”), is designed to drive achievement of annual corporate goals including key financial and operating results and strategic goals that drive value for shareholders. All regular full-time, non-collective bargaining unit employees hired prior to November 1, 2010, were eligible to participate in the CIP including all our named executive officers. CIP participants are assigned a target incentive, expressed as a percentage of incentive eligible earnings, which is dependent on the level of the employee’s position and the scope of the employee’s responsibilities. Target annual incentive levels for each named executive officer are shown in a table below. The total target CIP incentive pool is the sum of all participants’ target annual incentive amounts. In addition, the Board retains the authority to award special bonuses for exceptional achievement.

Funding of the CIP incentive pool is triggered only if we meet a minimum corporate performance target established by the Compensation Committee. For fiscal 2010, this minimum corporate performance target was $1,331 million of Adjusted EBITDA, which was 80% of our fiscal 2010 Adjusted EBITDA goal of $1,664 million. Adjusted EBITDA, defined in our 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, is primarily comprised of corporate net income before interest, income taxes and depreciation and amortization adjusted for the effects of impairment losses, gains or losses on sales, dispositions or retirements of assets, any unrealized gains or losses and any non-cash realized gains or losses from accounting for derivatives, stock-based compensation expense, operating lease expense, non-cash gains and losses from foreign currency translations, reorganization items, major maintenance expense, gains or losses on the repurchase or extinguishment of debt and any other extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring items plus the Adjusted EBITDA from our discontinued operations and adjustments to reflect the Adjusted EBITDA from our unconsolidated investments. Our Adjusted EBITDA of $1,712 billion as reported in our 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K exceeded our minimum corporate performance target for fiscal year 2010.

The size of the CIP incentive pool is based on the extent to which we achieve the corporate performance goals that are established by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee selected these performance goals to reflect a balanced evaluation of annual operating performance including cash generation, cost containment and achievement of key goals that would drive future financial performance. The 2010 performance goals are based on financial and strategic goals. These goals and the actual results are shown in the following table and discussed in further detail below:

2010 CIP Performance Score Calculation ($ in millions)

 

Performance Level Performance Score

   Threshold
60%
    Target
100%
    Maximum
150%
    Results     Score(1)     Weight     Weighted
Score
 

Commodity Margin

   $   2,419      $   2,519      $   2,619      $   2,537.2        109.1     37.50     40.9

Expenses

     940      $ 855      $ 769      $ 825.6        117.1     37.50     43.9

CAPEX/Maintenance

     562      $ 511      $ 460      $ 521.5        92.0     15     13.8

Average EFOF

     5     4     3     4     100     3.4     3.4

TRIR

     2.0        1.46        0.9        2.81            3.3    

Regulatory Compliance

     No material compliance events        YES        100     3.3     3.3

Overall Performance Score

               100.00     105.3

 

(1) For performance between target and maximum, score is determined by linear interpolation.

 

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Commodity Margin, as used for purposes of determining our CIP goal, is a non-GAAP financial measure that includes power and steam revenues, sales of purchased power and natural gas, capacity revenues, renewable energy credit revenue, sales of surplus emission allowances, transmission revenue and expenses, fuel and purchased energy expense and Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative compliance costs, but excludes unrealized mark-to-market activity. This amount differs from “Commodity Margin” as reported in our 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K as it also includes other revenue, as referenced in the CIP performance score calculation, Adjusted EBITDA from Calpine’s unconsolidated operations at Greenfield and Whitby, and certain other adjustments.

Expenses, as used solely for purposes of determining our CIP pool, is comprised of Plant Operating Expense (excluding amortization, major maintenance and stock compensation), Royalty Expense from Calpine’s geothermal operations, Sales, General & Administrative Expense (excluding amortization and stock-based compensation), in each case, as calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP and included in the amounts reported on our Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 in our 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that Expenses is a useful tool for assessing the performance of our core operations and is a key operational measure reviewed by our management.

CAPEX/Maintenance refers to Calpine’s Capital Expenditure and Major Maintenance Expense inclusive of Calpine’s unconsolidated operations at Greenfield and Whitby. We monitor these expenditures and establish targets as useful tools to measure our operating performance.

Average EFOF refers to Equivalent Forced Outage Factor, which is a measure of unexpected downtime of a plant.

TRIR refers to Total Reportable Incident Reports, which is a measure of operational safety.

Regulatory Compliance refers to the Compensation Committee evaluation of overall regulatory compliance based on consultation with the Chief Compliance Officer. This performance criterion was met as there were no events of material non-compliance in 2010.

Based on the extent to which we achieved the performance goals, as shown above, approximately $36.5 million was funded to the total CIP bonus pool for 2010 for allocation among the plan participants. With the exception of Mr. Deidiker, each named executive officer’s target and maximum incentive as a percentage of his base salary is set forth in his employment agreement or letter agreement. In the case of Mr. Deidiker, his maximum incentive is consistent with the terms of the CIP. Threshold incentive levels under the CIP are set at 60% of the target incentive percentage for all participants. The following table shows the incentive eligible earnings (base salary amount paid in 2010) and threshold, target and maximum incentive percentages and amounts for each named executive officer.

 

Name

  Incentive
Eligible
Earnings
    Target
Incentive %
    Maximum
Incentive %
    Incremental
Incentive
Rate(1)
    Incentive  Calculation
Overall

Performance
Score(2)
    Incentive  %(3)     Incentive
Amount
 

Jack A. Fusco

  $ 1,030,000        100     200     2.0        105     111   $ 1,139,180   

Zamir Rauf

  $ 494,231        90     200     2.2        105     102   $ 502,435   

John B. Hill

  $ 628,473        90     200     2.2        105     102   $ 638,906   

W. Thaddeus Miller

  $ 725,000        90     200     2.2        105     102   $ 737,035   

Jim D. Deidiker

  $ 353,077        60     90     0.6        105     63   $ 223,074   

 

(1) Incremental Incentive Rate equals the additional percentage of eligible earnings for each percent that Overall Performance Score exceeds 100%. Rate is calculated as the ratio of the difference between maximum and target incentive percentage and maximum and target Performance Score.

 

(2) From 2010 CIP performance score calculation shown above.

 

(3) Sum of Target Incentive plus product of excess of Overall Performance Score over 100% multiplied by Incremental Incentive Rate.

 

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Equity Compensation. Equity awards to executive officers generally consist of stock options and restricted stock. Equity grants directly align executive officers’ interests with the interests of shareholders by rewarding increases in the value of our share price. Such grants enable us to attract and retain highly qualified individuals for positions of responsibility. Accordingly we have variously granted sign-on options, promotion based options and annual and other equity awards to our executive officers. Effective January 31, 2008, our Board of Directors adopted, and our shareholders approved, the 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, which has authority to grant the following types of awards to our directors, executive officers, employees and consultants: stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stock-based awards or any combination of these types of awards. A total of 14,833,000 shares of common stock were reserved for grants of awards under the Equity Plan, which were increased by an additional 12,700,000 shares of common stock in 2010, as approved by our shareholders. The Equity Plan will terminate on January 31, 2018, unless earlier terminated by the Board of Directors. We have also granted sign-on options outside the Equity Plan (but subject to the same terms and conditions as those of the Equity Plan) to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller, as described under “— Summary of Employment Agreements.”

In 2008, we granted sign-on options outside the Equity Plan (but subject to the same terms and conditions as those applicable to grants under the Equity Plan) to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller, as described under “— Summary of Employment Agreements.” In December 2008, we granted Mr. Rauf options in connection with his promotion to Chief Financial Officer. In determining Mr. Rauf’s option grant, we reviewed Chief Financial Officer compensation within our comparator group.

In May 2009, the Compensation Committee exercised its discretion and, in recognition of their exceptional performance in successfully leading the Company, approved grants of stock options to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller. The stock option grants were set at levels that were intended to be internally equitable relative to the December 2008 stock option grant received by Mr. Rauf upon his promotion to Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. In January 2009, Mr. Deidiker also received a sign-on grant of stock options in connection with his joining the Company as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer in January 2009.

The amounts for Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill’s grants were determined in consideration of general market pay trends in the industry, an evaluation of our and each individual executive officer’s performance, and, in consideration of internal equity, by reference to the December 2008 stock option grant received by Mr. Rauf upon his promotion to Executive Vice President. The amount of equity compensation awarded to Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill was not determined by a formula. In determining the awards, we considered the grants that were made to each executive officer upon his hiring in 2008, the relative contribution of each executive officer to company results, and the need to provide sufficient retention and motivation incentives to senior executives. The award of 50,000 stock options was made to Mr. Deidiker in connection with his joining us as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer in January 2009, vesting in three equal annual installments, and was consistent with our practice of making sign-on grants to attract and reward key senior executives.

Options have an exercise price that is at least equal to 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and typically have a ten-year term, other than sign-on options granted to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller, which have a seven-year term. Annual awards made in May 2009 and 2010 vest 100% on the third anniversary of the date of grant; whereas the sign-on options granted to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller vest in equal annual installments over five years. Vesting is generally subject to continued employment, with exceptions in some cases for termination due to death or retirement. Stock options granted on January 31, 2008 and the restricted stock awarded on February 6, 2008 to Mr. Rauf have fully vested.

Beginning in late 2008 and through 2009, the decline in the general economy and industry stock prices caused significant declines of Calpine’s stock price, resulting in exercise prices of the 2008 sign-on options being significantly above the current market price of our common stock, greatly diminishing their value in supporting their intended purpose of enhancing performance, motivation and executive retention. Accordingly, on August 11, 2010 Calpine awarded 1,800,000, 900,000 and 560,000 options to purchase shares of Calpine

 

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common stock at $12.64 per share to Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller, respectively. The new 2010 options expire concurrently with each executive officer’s respective 2008 sign-on options or expire upon a termination of employment. These options are designed to complement the 2008 sign-on options, which were intended to provide a competitive compensation opportunity for five years of employment assuming historical rates of industry market capitalization. The new 2010 options provide a reduced, but generally competitive compensation opportunity for the current or a similar economic environment whereas they reduce in number to zero as, and if, Calpine’s common stock prices return to the historically higher capitalization rates at the time of exercise of the new 2010 options. The new 2010 options reduce in number if the market price of the common stock on the date of exercise exceeds certain thresholds. Specifically, if on the date of exercise of the new 2010 options, the closing price of a share of Calpine common stock exceeds the exercise price plus 25% ($15.80), then the number of shares underlying the new 2010 options that may be exercised on that date of exercise shall be reduced, on a straight-line basis, beginning when the closing price on the date of exercise exceeds $15.80 and ending when such closing price equals or exceeds $27.50 per share at which price the number of shares underlying the new 2010 options shall be reduced to zero shares as the full reward from the 2008 sign-on options increases in value; thus, filling an incentive void that was created when industry stock prices (including Calpine’s stock) suffered significant declines while, at the same time, not providing an engorgement of reward from what was originally intended if Calpine’s stock prices return to higher, historical rates of industry market capitalization in the future.

Effective November 3, 2010, Mr. Hill was appointed our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Hill has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer since joining the Company on September 1, 2008. In connection with his appointment, his base annual salary was increased to from $625,000 to $650,000, and he received an option to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock at $12.13 per share. The option vests 100% on the third anniversary of the grant date and expires on the tenth anniversary of the grant date or upon termination of employment, whichever comes first. In determining Mr. Hill’s increase in compensation and option grant, in addition to his performance and pay relative to other Company executives, the Compensation Committee considered, among other factors, compensation for similar positions within our comparator group as set forth on page 25 of this proxy statement.

Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits. We offer a very limited amount of perquisites and other personal benefits to our named executive officers. The Compensation Committee believes that these perquisites are reasonable and consistent with prevailing market practice and the Company’s overall compensation program. Perquisites are not a material part of our compensation program. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the levels of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to our named executive officers. See “— Summary Compensation Table — All Other Compensation.”

Post-Employment Compensation Arrangements

To promote retention and recruiting, we offer various arrangements that provide certain post-employment benefits in order to alleviate concerns that may arise in the event of an employee’s separation from service with us and enable employees to focus on Company duties while employed by us. These post-employment severance benefits are provided through employment agreements and letter agreements as described more fully below under “— Summary of Employment Agreements” and “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

Severance Benefits. In January 2008, we adopted the Calpine Corporation Change in Control and Severance Benefits Plan (the “Severance Plan”), which is intended to help retain qualified employees, maintain a stable work environment and provide financial security to certain employees of the Company in the event of a change in control and in the event of a termination of employment in connection with or without a change in control. For a further discussion of the Severance Plan, see “— Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control” below.

Retirement Benefits. Our executive officers participate in retirement plan programs provided to all Calpine employees and do not receive special retirement plans or benefits. Our primary objectives for providing

 

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retirement benefits are to partner with our employees to assist them in preparing financially for retirement, to offer benefits that are competitive and to provide a benefits structure that allows for reasonable certainty of future costs.

Our primary retirement benefit is the Calpine Corporation Retirement Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”), a defined contribution plan. For our executive officers as well as all other non-bargaining unit employees, we match employee contributions 100% up to 5% of eligible earnings, subject to all applicable regulatory limits, and the match vests immediately. In addition, if an employee leaves our employment due to retirement, the employee can use any money remaining in his or her health reimbursement account to pay for post-employment medical insurance.

Officer Stock Ownership Policy

The Company does not have a stock ownership policy for executive officers or other employees. However, pursuant to the terms of their respective employment agreements and letter agreement, as applicable, Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill are required to hold shares equal to at least 50% of the after-tax proceeds of each exercise of their sign-on option until their employment with the Company terminates. See “— Summary of Employment Agreements.”

Deductibility Cap on Executive Compensation

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”), precludes a public corporation from deducting for federal income tax purposes compensation in excess of $1 million in any taxable year for its Chief Executive Officer or any of its three other highest paid executive officers, not including the chief financial officer (for these purposes, the “Named Executives”). Certain performance-based compensation is not subject to that limitation. As part of its role, the Compensation Committee considers the anticipated tax treatment to us and the executive officers in its review and establishment of compensation programs and payments. The Compensation Committee believes that it is in our best interest to receive maximum tax deductions for compensation paid to the Named Executives. In general, we intend to pay performance-based compensation, including equity compensation, in a manner that preserves our ability to deduct the amounts paid to executive officers, although to maintain flexibility in compensating Named Executives in a manner designed to promote varying corporate goals, the Compensation Committee may award compensation that is not fully deductible under certain circumstances. Stock options granted to the named executive officers under the Equity Plan during 2009 and 2010 qualified as performance-based compensation that is not subject to the Section 162(m) deduction limitation. Restricted stock that has been granted to Named Executives and amounts paid to Named Executives under the CIP are subject to such deduction limitation. However, due to our substantial net operating loss carryforwards from bankruptcy, this has no impact on our post-tax results.

Report of the Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section of this proxy statement with the Company’s management. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” section be included in this proxy statement and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.

Frank Cassidy (Chair)

Denise M. O’Leary

Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.

J. Stuart Ryan

 

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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

The following table provides certain information concerning the compensation for services rendered to us during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 by (i) each person serving as a principal executive officer during the year ended December 31, 2010, (ii) each person serving as a principal financial officer during the year ended December 31, 2010 and (iii) each of the three other most highly-compensated individuals who were serving as executive officers as of December 31, 2010 (collectively, “the named executive officers”):

 

Name and Principal Position

  Year     Salary
($)
    Bonus
($)
    Stock  Awards
($)(1)
    Option
Awards
($)(1)
    Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)(2)
    All  Other
Compensation
($)(3)
    Total
($)
 

Jack A. Fusco(3)(4)

    2010        1,045,846                      1,566,000        1,139,180        53,039        3,804,065   

President and

    2009        1,015,269                      1,701,000        1,636,824        60,395        4,413,488   

Chief Executive Officer

    2008        396,154        500,000 (5)             31,111,280        396,154        266,780        32,670,368   

Zamir Rauf

    2010        504,712                      324,628        502,435        12,250        1,344,025   

Executive Vice President and

    2009        484,135                             750,500        12,250        1,246,885   

Chief Financial Officer

    2008        368,650               688,842        929,333        2,239,929        11,500        4,238,254   

John B. Hill(3)(4)

    2010        631,839                      2,085,000        638,906        20,380        3,376,125   

Executive Vice President and

    2009        609,904                      567,000        958,635        12,250        2,147,789   

Chief Operating Officer

    2008        203,890        1,000,000 (5)             9,021,283        540,000               10,765,173   

W. Thaddeus Miller(4)

    2010        738,943                      487,200        737,035        12,250        1,975,428   

Executive Vice President and

    2009        723,366                      567,000        1,119,673        12,250        2,422,289   

Chief Legal Officer

    2008        277,308        150,000 (5)             10,310,870        249,577        17,407        11,005,162   

Jim D. Deidiker(4)

    2010        360,531                      185,428        223,074        12,250        781,283   

Senior Vice President and

    2009        338,692        144,067 (5)             270,000        255,933        35,941        1,044,633   

Chief Accounting Officer

               

 

 

(1) The amounts set forth next to each award represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. The stock awards were issued in the form of restricted stock. For discussion of the assumptions used in these valuations, see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

(2) Bonus paid pursuant to the CIP and/or the named executive officer’s employment agreement or letter agreement, as applicable.

 

(3) The amounts set forth in the “All Other Compensation” column for named executive officers for 2010 include $12,250 of employer contributions to the Company’s 401(k) plan. For Mr. Fusco, the amount also includes $30,000 for the use and maintenance of a car and $10,789 for tax gross-ups related to the car allowance; such tax gross-up calculated by applying the marginal supplemental Federal rate of 25%, the FICA rate of 6.2%, the Medicare rate of 1.45% and the respective State rate for disability insurance, if applicable, to the amount of actual expenses. For Mr. Hill, the amount also includes $8,130 membership fees to the Young Presidents Club Organization.

 

(4) Each of Messrs. Fusco, Hill and Miller were hired during 2008. Accordingly, the “Summary Compensation Table” reflects the actual compensation received by such executive with respect to the portion of 2008 he was employed by us. Mr. Deidiker was not a named executive officer of the Company in 2008. Mr. Deidiker served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from January 2009 until May 2010, when he resigned as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer due to health concerns, but remained an employee. Mr. Deidiker returned to his role as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company on November 15, 2010, once his health concerns were resolved. For more information, see “—Summary of Employment Agreements.”

 

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(5) The amount of $500,000 paid to Mr. Fusco, $1,000,000 paid to Mr. Hill and $150,000 paid to Mr. Miller represent, in each case, a one-time cash sign-on bonus. The amount paid to Mr. Deidiker includes a one-time cash sign-on bonus of $100,000 and also includes $44,067, which represented a discretionary adjustment of his 2009 CIP bonus in excess of his target.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table sets forth the information concerning the grants of any plan-based compensation to each named executive officer during 2010. The non-equity awards described below were made under the CIP. The equity awards described below were made under the Equity Plan.

 

            Estimated Future Payouts Under
Non-Equity Incentive Plan
Awards(1)
     All other Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options (#)
    Exercise of
Base Price of
Option
Awards
($/Sh)
     Grant Date Fair
Value of Stock
and Option
Awards ($)
 

Name

   Grant
Date
     Threshold
($)
     Target
($)
     Maximum
($)
         

Jack A. Fusco

     8/11/2010                  1,800,000 (2)      12.64         1,566,000   
        618,000         1,030,000         2,060,000           

Zamir Rauf

     2/24/2010                  69,963        11.24         324,628   
        266,885         444,808         978,577           

John B. Hill

     8/11/2010                  900,000 (2)      12.64         783,000   
     11/3/2010                  300,000        12.13         1,302,000   
        339,375         565,626         1,244,377           

W. Thaddeus Miller

     8/11/2010                  560,000 (2)      12.64         487,200   
        391,500         652,500         1,435,500           

Jim D. Deidiker

     2/24/2010                  39,963        11.24         185,428   
        127,108         211,846         317,769           

 

 

(1) Amounts represent estimated possible payments under the CIP. Actual amounts paid under the CIP for 2010 are shown in the “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” column of the “Summary Compensation Table.” For more information on the performance metrics applicable to these awards, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Details of Each Element of Compensation — Annual Incentive — Calpine Incentive Plan.”

 

(2) If on the date of exercise of the option, the NYSE closing price of a share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the exercise price plus 25% ($15.80), then the number of shares underlying the option that may be exercised on that date of exercise shall be reduced on a straight-line basis, beginning when such closing price on the date of exercise exceeds $15.80 and ending when such closing price equals or exceeds $27.50 per share at which closing price the number of shares underlying the option shall be reduced to zero shares. For more information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Details of Each Element of Compensation — Equity Compensation.”

Summary of Employment Agreements

Certain of the amounts shown in the “Summary Compensation Table” and the “Grants of Plan-Based Awards” table are provided for in employment or letter agreements, as each case may be. The material terms of those agreements are summarized below:

Jack A. Fusco

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Fusco as President and Chief Executive Officer, we entered into an employment agreement with him effective August 10, 2008, for a five-year term. Under the agreement, Mr. Fusco is entitled to an annual base salary of $1,000,000, subject to annual review and increase (but not decrease) from time to time by the Compensation Committee and an annual cash target performance bonus equal to 100% of annual base salary, with a maximum annual performance bonus opportunity of 200% of base salary.

 

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Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Fusco also was granted a sign-on option to purchase 5,394,000 shares of common stock, of which (i) 1,250,000 shares were granted pursuant to the Equity Plan and (ii) 4,144,000 shares were granted outside of the Equity Plan, but subject to the same terms and conditions as set forth in the Equity Plan. The option was granted in four tranches of 1,075,000, 1,271,000, 1,435,000 and 1,613,000 shares of common stock, with each tranche having a per share exercise price of $15.99, $19.19, $21.59 and $23.99, respectively. The option has a seven-year term and will vest ratably over a five-year period, 20% on each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. In the event that Mr. Fusco commits a willful and intentional act resulting in a material restatement of our earnings, the option will be subject to recoupment by us for a period of three years from the relevant vesting date (and any affected portion of the option that has not been exercised at the end of such three-year period will be forfeited). In addition, the agreement requires that Mr. Fusco hold shares equal to at least 50% of the after-tax proceeds of each option exercise until his employment with the Company terminates. In the event of a change in control of the Company, the vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the agreement. In the event Mr. Fusco’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term. Vesting of the option also accelerates if Mr. Fusco’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Fusco resigns for good reason, in which case the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination. If Mr. Fusco is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested. If Mr. Fusco terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

The agreement provides that in the event Mr. Fusco is terminated by us without cause or if he resigns for good reason, in addition to the vesting of the sign-on option as described above, he will also be entitled to certain severance payments and benefits, including a prorated bonus for the year in which such termination occurs; a lump sum cash severance payment equal to two times the sum of (a) his highest base salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) his target bonus with respect to the year of termination; continuation of certain health and welfare benefits for a period of two years following the date of termination; and outplacement services for a period of up to 24 months following such termination. In the event Mr. Fusco’s employment terminates without cause or for good reason during the 24-month period following a change in control or within the six-month period following a potential change in control (provided a change in control occurs within nine months following the potential change in control), Mr. Fusco generally will be entitled to the same payments and benefits as set forth in the preceding sentence, except that the applicable severance multiplier will be three instead of two and the provision of health and welfare benefits and outplacement services will continue for a period of up to three years following such termination.

Mr. Fusco is also eligible for a gross-up payment in the event that any amounts under the agreement (or any other plan, program, policy or arrangement with the Company) become subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the IRC.

The agreement also contains non-solicitation and non-competition restrictive covenants (each of which remains in effect during the term of employment and for 12 months following termination of employment); a non-disparagement clause; and trade secrets, work product and post-termination cooperation clauses.

To the extent applicable, the agreement is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 409A of the IRC. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any payments, benefits or distributions (or any acceleration of any payments, benefits or distributions) made or provided to Mr. Fusco become subject to the interest and additional tax imposed by IRC Section 409A(a)(1)(B), we will make a gross-up payment to Mr. Fusco on any such amounts.

 

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Zamir Rauf

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Rauf as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, we entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Rauf effective December 11, 2008. Under the agreement, Mr. Rauf is entitled to a bi-weekly base salary of $18,269 (annualized at $475,000). In addition, Mr. Rauf is eligible to participate in the CIP, which provides for an annual cash target performance bonus equal to 90% of pro-rated annual base salary, with a maximum annual performance bonus opportunity of 200% of annual base salary. In December 2008, Mr. Rauf received, in accordance with his letter agreement, options to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock under the Equity Plan. These options have a ten-year term and vest ratably over a three-year period on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. Mr. Rauf is a Tier 3 participant under our Severance Plan which is described in more detail below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control — Change in Control.”

John B. Hill

Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Hill as Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer (currently our Chief Operating Officer), we entered into a letter agreement with him effective September 1, 2008. Under the letter agreement, which provides that Mr. Hill’s employment is “at will,” Mr. Hill is entitled to an annual base salary of $600,000, subject to annual review for increase at the discretion of the Compensation Committee and is eligible for an annual cash target performance bonus equal to 90% of annual base salary, with a maximum annual performance bonus opportunity of 200% of base salary. On November 3, 2010, Mr. Hill was appointed as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. In connection with his appointment, he received an option to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock at $12.13 per share and his annual base salary was increased to $650,000.

Pursuant to the letter agreement, Mr. Hill also was granted a sign-on option to purchase 1,314,734 shares of common stock, of which (i) 1,250,000 shares were granted pursuant to the Equity Plan and (ii) 64,734 shares were granted outside of the Equity Plan, but are generally subject to the same terms and conditions as are set forth in the Equity Plan. The option was granted in four tranches of 262,083, 309,920, 349,705 and 393,026 shares of common stock, with such tranches having a per share exercise price of $18.00, $21.60, $24.30 and $27.00, respectively. The option has a seven-year term and each tranche will vest ratably, subject to continued employment, on the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. If Mr. Hill commits a willful and intentional act resulting in a material restatement of our earnings, the proceeds of the option will be subject to recoupment by us for a period of three years from the relevant vesting date (and any affected portion of the option that has not been exercised at the end of such three-year period will be forfeited). In addition, the letter agreement requires that Mr. Hill hold shares equal to at least 50% of the after tax proceeds of each option exercise until his employment terminates. In the event of a change in control of the Company, vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and the option will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the stock option agreement. If Mr. Hill’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term. Vesting of the option also accelerates if Mr. Hill’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Hill resigns for good reason, in which case the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination. If Mr. Hill is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested. If Mr. Hill terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

The letter agreement provides that Mr. Hill will be designated as a Tier 3 participant in the Severance Plan, which is described in more detail below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control —

 

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Change in Control and Severance Benefits Plan.” Mr. Hill is also eligible for the additional severance benefits described under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control — Summary of Employment Agreements — John B. Hill.”

Pursuant to the letter agreement, Mr. Hill has agreed to certain non-solicitation and non-competition restrictive covenants (which remain in effect during the term of employment and for 12 months following termination of employment); a non-disparagement clause; and trade secrets, work product and post-termination cooperation clauses.

To the extent applicable, the letter agreement is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 409A of the IRC.

W. Thaddeus Miller

Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Miller as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, we entered into an employment agreement with him effective August 11, 2008, for a five-year term. Under the agreement, Mr. Miller is entitled to an annual base salary of $700,000, subject to annual review and increase (but not decrease) from time to time by the Compensation Committee and an annual cash target performance bonus equal to 90% of annual base salary, with a maximum annual performance bonus opportunity of 200% of base salary.

Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Miller also was granted a sign-on option to purchase 1,678,000 shares of common stock, of which (i) 1,250,000 shares were granted pursuant to the Equity Plan and (ii) 428,000 shares were granted outside of the Equity Plan, but subject to the same terms and conditions as set forth in the Equity Plan. The option was granted in four tranches of 345,000, 394,000, 443,000 and 496,000 shares of common stock, with each tranche having a per share exercise price of $16.60, $19.19, $21.59 and $23.99, respectively. The option has a seven-year term and will vest ratably over a five-year period, 20% on each of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the grant date. In the event that Mr. Miller commits a willful and intentional act resulting in a material restatement of our earnings, the option will be subject to recoupment by us for a period of three years from the relevant vesting date (and any affected portion of the option that has not been exercised at the end of such three-year period will be forfeited). In addition, the agreement requires that Mr. Miller hold shares equal to at least 50% of the after-tax proceeds of each option exercise until his employment with the Company terminates. In the event of a change in control of the Company, the vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the agreement. In the event Mr. Miller’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term. Vesting of the option also accelerates if Mr. Miller’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Miller resigns for good reason, in which case the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination. If Mr. Miller is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested. If Mr. Miller terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

The agreement provides that in the event Mr. Miller is terminated by us without cause or if he resigns for good reason, in addition to the vesting of the sign-on option as described above, he will also be entitled to certain severance payments and benefits, including a prorated bonus for the year in which such termination occurs; a lump sum cash severance payment equal to 1.5 times the sum of (a) his highest base salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) his target bonus with respect to the year of termination; continuation of certain health and welfare benefits for a period of 18 months following the date of termination; and outplacement

 

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services for a period of up to 18 months following such termination. In the event Mr. Miller’s employment terminates without cause or for good reason during the 24-month period following a change in control of the Company or within the six-month period following a potential change in control (provided a change in control occurs within nine months following the potential change in control), Mr. Miller generally will be entitled to the same payments and benefits as set forth in the preceding sentence, except that the applicable severance multiplier will be three instead of 1.5 and the provision of health and welfare benefits will continue for a period of up to three years following such termination. Mr. Miller is also eligible for a gross-up payment in the event that any amounts under the agreement (or any other plan, program, policy or arrangement with the Company) become subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the IRC.

The agreement also contains non-solicitation and non-competition restrictive covenants (each of which remain in effect during the term of employment and for 12 months following termination of employment); a non-disparagement clause; and trade secrets, work product and post-termination cooperation clauses.

To the extent applicable, the agreement is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 409A of the IRC. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any payments, benefits or distributions (or any acceleration of any payments, benefits or distributions) made or provided to Mr. Miller become subject to the interest and additional tax imposed by IRC Section 409A(a)(1)(B), we will make a gross-up payment to Mr. Miller on any such amounts.

Jim D. Deidiker

Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

Mr. Deidiker served as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from January 2009 until May 2010, when he resigned as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer due to health concerns, but remained an employee. Mr. Deidiker returned to his role as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company on November 15, 2010, once his health concerns were resolved. During his absence, Kenneth A. Graves served as the Company’s Interim Chief Accounting Officer.

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Deidiker as Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, we entered into a letter agreement with Mr. Deidiker effective January 6, 2009. Under the agreement, Mr. Deidiker is entitled to a bi-weekly salary of $13,077 (annualized at $340,000). In addition, Mr. Deidiker is eligible to participate in the CIP, which provides for an annual cash target performance bonus equal to 60% of pro-rated annual base salary. In January 2009, Mr. Deidiker received, in accordance with his letter agreement, options to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock. These options have a ten-year term and vest ratably over a three-year period on the first, second and third anniversaries of the grant date. Pursuant to his letter agreement, Mr. Deidiker became eligible to participate in future equity grants beginning in 2010. Mr. Deidiker is a Tier 4 participant under our Severance Plan which is described in more detail below under “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control — Change in Control.”

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table sets forth certain information concerning unexercised options, unvested stock and equity incentive plan awards outstanding as of December 31, 2010, for each named executive officer:

 

      Option Awards     Stock Awards  

Name

   Number of Securities
Underlying Unexercised
Options (#)
     Option
Exercise
Price
($)
     Option
Expiration
Date
    Number of
Shares or Units of Stocks
That Have Not Vested
(#)
    Market Value  of
Shares or Units
of Stock That Have

Not Vested(1)
($)
 
   Exercisable      Unexercisable            

Jack A. Fusco

     430,000         645,000         15.99         8/10/2015 (2)     
     508,400         762,600         19.19         8/10/2015 (2)     
     574,000         861,000         21.59         8/10/2015 (2)     
     645,200         967,800         23.99         8/10/2015 (2)     
             300,000         9.49         5/07/2019 (3)     
             1,800,000         12.64         8/10/2015 (4)     

Zamir Rauf

     11,600         11,600         16.90         1/31/2018 (5)     
     14,466         7,234         18.38         3/05/2018 (6)     
     66,666         33,334         8.01         12/17/2018 (7)     
             69,963         11.24         2/24/2020 (8)     
                19,834 (6)      264,586   

John B. Hill

     104,832         157,251         18.00         9/1/2015 (9)     
     123,968         185,952         21.60         9/1/2015 (9)     
     139,882         209,823         24.30         9/1/2015 (9)     
     157,210         235,816         27.00         9/1/2015 (9)     
             100,000         9.49         5/7/2019 (3)     
             900,000         12.64         9/1/2015 (4)     
             300,000         12.13         11/3/2020 (10)     

W. Thaddeus Miller

     138,000         207,000         16.60         8/11/2015 (11)     
     157,600         236,400         19.19         8/11/2015 (11)     
     177,200         265,800         21.59         8/11/2015 (11)     
     198,400         297,600         23.99         8/11/2015 (11)     
             100,000         9.49         5/07/2019 (3)     
             560,000         12.64         8/11/2015 (4)     

Jim D. Deidiker

     16,666         33,334         8.25         1/07/2019 (12)     
             39,963         11.24         2/24/2020 (8)     

 

 

(1) Pursuant to SEC disclosure rules, the amount listed in this column represents the product of the closing market price of the Company’s stock as of December 31, 2010 ($13.34) multiplied by the number of shares of stock subject to the award.

 

(2) Granted on August 10, 2008 and vests 20% annually from the date of grant.

 

(3) Granted on May 7, 2009 and vests 100% on the third anniversary of the date of grant.

 

(4) Granted on August 11, 2010, the options vest 100% on August 10, 2013 for Mr. Fusco and on August 11, 2013 for each of Messrs. Hill and Miller. If on the date of exercise of the option, the New York Stock Exchange closing price of a share of Company Common Stock exceeds the exercise price plus 25% ($15.80), then the number of shares underlying the option that may be exercised on that date of exercise shall be reduced on a straight-line basis, beginning when such closing price on the date of exercise exceeds $15.80 and ending when such closing price equals or exceeds $27.50 per share at which closing price the number of shares underlying the option shall be reduced to zero shares. For more information, see “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Details of Each Element of Compensation — Equity Compensation.”

 

(5) Granted on January 31, 2008 and vests 50% every 18 months from the date of grant.

 

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(6) Options granted March 5, 2008 and vesting 33-1/3% annually from January 31, 2008. Restricted stock award includes 1,634 shares granted on March 5, 2008, vesting 33-1/3% annually from January 31, 2008, and 18,200 shares granted on February 6, 2008, vesting 50% every 18 months from the date of grant.

 

(7) Granted on December 17, 2008 and vests 33-1/3% annually from the date of grant.

 

(8) Granted on February 24, 2010 and vests 100% on the third anniversary of the date of grant.

 

(9) Granted on September 1, 2008 and vests 20% annually from the date of grant.

 

(10) Granted on November 3, 2010 and vests 100% on the third anniversary of the date of grant.

 

(11) Granted on August 11, 2008 and vests 20% annually from the date of grant.

 

(12) Granted on January 7, 2009 and vests 33-1/3% annually from the date of grant.

Option Exercises and Stock Vested

The following table provides information concerning vesting of stock awards, including restricted stock, restricted stock units and similar instruments, during 2010 for each named executive officer:

 

     Stock Awards  

Name

   Number of Shares Acquired
on Vesting
(#)
     Value Realized on Vesting
($)
 

Jack A. Fusco

               

Zamir Rauf

     1,633         17,881   

John B. Hill

               

W. Thaddeus Miller

               

Jim D. Deidiker

               

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

Effective January 31, 2008, we adopted our Severance Plan (the “Severance Plan”), which provides eligible employees, including executive officers, whose employment is involuntarily terminated by us without cause, by the employee with good reason, or in connection with a change in control, with certain severance benefits, including a lump sum payment based upon (i) the employee’s position and (ii) base salary and target bonus. In addition, each of Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill have agreements with us that provide for certain severance benefits as described below. The amount of compensation payable to each named executive officer in the event of a termination of employment, or a change in control, on December 31, 2010, is described below under “—Quantification of Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

Change in Control and Severance Benefits Plan

Under the Severance Plan, employees who are Senior Vice Presidents or above are eligible for certain post-employment benefits, which vary depending upon (i) the tier assigned to the employee and (ii) whether a change in control or termination of employment occurs. As of December 31, 2010, Messrs. Rauf and Hill participated as Tier 3 participants, and Mr. Deidiker participated as a Tier 4 participant, in the Severance Plan. Any severance benefits for which Messrs. Fusco and Miller may be eligible would be provided under their respective employment agreements and not under the Severance Plan.

Severance and Benefits in Connection with a Change in Control. With respect to each participant in the Severance Plan, upon the occurrence of a change in control, notwithstanding the provisions of any other benefit plan or agreement:

 

   

each outstanding option held by a participant shall become automatically vested and exercisable;

 

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options outstanding as of January 31, 2008, shall remain exercisable by such participant until the later of the 15th day of the third month following the date at which, or December 31 of the calendar year in which, the option would have otherwise expired, but in no event beyond the original term of such option;

 

   

options granted after January 31, 2008, shall remain exercisable by such participant for a period of (i) three years in the case of a Tier 1 participant, (ii) two years in the case of a Tier 2 participant or (iii) one year in the case of a Tier 3 participant, beyond the date at which the option would have otherwise expired, but in no event beyond the original term of such option; and

 

   

the vesting restrictions on all other awards relating to common stock (including but not limited to restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights) held by a participant shall immediately lapse and in the case of restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights shall become immediately payable.

In the event that a participant’s employment is terminated within 24 months following a change in control or within three months following a potential change in control (provided that a change in control occurs within six months following such potential change in control) and upon the occurrence of (i) a Tier 1 participant’s termination of employment for any reason other than by us for cause or (ii) the termination of a Tier 2, Tier 3 or Tier 4 participant’s employment by us without cause, or by such participant for good reason, then such participant (or his or her beneficiary) is entitled to receive, subject to certain conditions outlined in the Severance Plan:

 

   

a lump sum payment within 60 days following termination in an amount equal to 2.99 times (in the case of a Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 participant) or 1.99 times (in the case of a Tier 4 participant) the sum of (a) the participant’s highest annual salary in the three years preceding the termination and (b) the participant’s target bonus for the year of termination or for the year in which the change in control occurred, whichever is larger; plus

 

   

a lump sum payment for all “accrued obligations,” defined as all unused vacation time and all accrued but unpaid compensation earned by such participant as of the termination date, to be paid as soon as practicable following the termination date; and

 

   

continued coverage for the participant and his or her dependents under all health care, medical and dental insurance plans and programs (excluding disability) maintained by us under which the participant was covered immediately prior to his or her termination date, to be provided (concurrently with any health care benefit required under COBRA), in the case of a Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 participant, for a period of 36 months following termination, and, in the case of a Tier 4 participant, for a period of 24 months following termination, at the same cost sharing between us and such participant as applies to a similarly situated active employee.

Severance and Benefits Not in Connection with a Change in Control. In the event that a participant’s employment is terminated by the participant for good reason or by us without cause, and not in connection with a change in control, as described above, then such participant (or his or her beneficiary) is entitled to receive, subject to certain conditions outlined in the Severance Plan:

 

   

in the case of a Tier 1 participant, (i) a lump sum payment within 60 days following termination in an amount equal to 2.0 times the sum of (a) the participant’s highest annual salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) the participant’s highest target bonus for the year of termination; plus (ii) payment of all accrued obligations as soon as practicable following the termination date;

 

   

in the case of a Tier 2 or Tier 3 participant, (i) a lump sum payment within 60 days following termination in an amount equal to 1.5 times the sum of (a) the participant’s highest annual salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) the participant’s highest target bonus for the year of termination; plus (ii) payment of all accrued obligations as soon as practicable following the termination date; and

 

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in the case of a Tier 4 participant, (i) a lump sum payment within 60 days following termination in an amount equal to the sum of (a) the participant’s highest annual salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) the participant’s highest target bonus for the year of termination; plus (ii) payment of all accrued obligations as soon as practicable following the termination date.

In addition to the above, for a period of 24 months (Tier 1), 18 months (Tier 2 and Tier 3) or 12 months (Tier 4), following the termination date, the participant and his or her dependents shall receive continued health care benefits at the same cost sharing between us and such participant as a similarly situated active employee, to be provided concurrently with any health care benefit required under COBRA.

Provisions Applicable Whether or Not Termination is in Connection with a Change in Control. In addition, participants entitled to benefits in connection with a severance or change in control are also entitled to receive outplacement benefits at our expense beginning on such participant’s termination date for a period of 24 months (Tier 1), 18 months (Tier 2 and Tier 3) or 12 months (Tier 4).

As a condition to receiving benefits under the Severance Plan, participants will be subject to certain conditions, including entering into non-solicitation, non-disclosure, non-disparagement and release agreements with us.

If any benefit or payment to a Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 participant (whether paid or payable or distributed or distributable pursuant to the terms of the Severance Plan or otherwise, including any acceleration of vesting or payment) is determined to be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the IRC or any interest or penalties are incurred by such participant with respect to such excise tax, then such participant will be entitled to receive an additional “gross-up payment” in an amount such that the net amount of such additional payment retained by the participant, after payment of all federal, state and local income and employment taxes, shall be equal to the excise tax imposed. A Tier 4 participant is not entitled to receive a gross-up payment under the Severance Plan, and any severance payments to a Tier 4 participant shall be reduced to the extent necessary so that no portion of the severance payments is subject to the excise tax, but only if the net after-tax payments as so reduced are at least equal to the unreduced payments that the Tier 4 participant would have received after payment of all taxes, including the excise tax.

If any participant is a “specified employee” under Section 409A of the IRC, any benefits to be paid or received under the Severance Plan are to be delayed in accordance with the IRC. No new participants were added to Tier 1, Tier 2 or Tier 3 in 2010.

Termination Provisions of Employment Agreements

Jack A. Fusco

Pursuant to our agreement with Mr. Fusco, described further above under “ — Summary of Employment Agreements,” if Mr. Fusco is terminated by us without cause or if he resigns for good reason, he will be entitled to certain severance payments and benefits, as follows:

 

   

a prorated bonus for the year in which such termination occurs;

 

   

a lump sum cash severance payment equal to two times the sum of (a) his highest base salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) his target bonus with respect to the year of termination;

 

   

continuation of certain health and welfare benefits for a period of two years following the date of termination; and

 

   

outplacement services for a period of up to 24 months following such termination.

In the event Mr. Fusco’s employment terminates without cause or for good reason during the 24-month period following a change in control or within the six-month period following a potential change in control

 

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(provided a change in control occurs within nine months following the potential change in control), Mr. Fusco generally will be entitled to the same payments and benefits as set forth above, except that the applicable severance multiplier will be three instead of two and the provision of health and welfare benefits and outplacement services will continue for a period of up to three years following such termination.

Mr. Fusco is also eligible for a gross-up payment in the event that any of such amounts become subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the IRC.

In addition, with respect to the sign-on option granted to Mr. Fusco:

 

   

in the event of a change in control of the Company, the vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the agreement;

 

   

if Mr. Fusco’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term;

 

   

if Mr. Fusco’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Fusco resigns for good reason, the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination;

 

   

if Mr. Fusco is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested; and

 

   

if Mr. Fusco terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

John B. Hill

Pursuant to the letter agreement dated September 1, 2008, between us and Mr. Hill, Mr. Hill has been designated as a Tier 3 participant in the Severance Plan. In addition to the payments and benefits under the Severance Plan, as described above, the letter agreement provides that Mr. Hill will also be entitled to a prorated bonus for the year in which his employment is terminated without cause or he resigns for good reason and, with respect to the sign-on option granted to Mr. Hill:

 

   

in the event of a change in control of the Company, the vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the agreement;

 

   

if Mr. Hill’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term;

 

   

if Mr. Hill’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Hill resigns for good reason, the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination;

 

   

if Mr. Hill is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested; and

 

   

if Mr. Hill terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

 

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W. Thaddeus Miller

Pursuant to our agreement with Mr. Miller, described further above under “ — Summary of Employment Agreements,” if Mr. Miller is terminated by us without cause or if he resigns for good reason, he will be entitled to certain severance payments and benefits, as follows:

 

   

a prorated bonus for the year in which such termination occurs;

 

   

a lump sum cash severance payment equal to 1.5 times the sum of (a) his highest base salary in the three years preceding termination and (b) his target bonus with respect to the year of termination;

 

   

continuation of certain health and welfare benefits for a period of 18 months following the date of termination; and

 

   

outplacement services for a period of up to 18 months following such termination.

In the event Mr. Miller’s employment terminates without cause or for good reason during the 24-month period following a change in control or within the six-month period following a potential change in control (provided a change in control occurs within nine months following the potential change in control), Mr. Miller generally will be entitled to the same payments and benefits as set forth above, except that the applicable severance multiplier will be three instead of 1.5 and the provision of health and welfare benefits and outplacement services will continue for a period of up to three years following such termination.

Mr. Miller is also eligible for a gross-up payment in the event that any of such amounts become subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the IRC.

In addition, with respect to the sign-on option granted to Mr. Miller:

 

   

in the event of a change in control of the Company, the vesting of the option will immediately accelerate and will be cashed out in accordance with the terms set forth in the agreement;

 

   

if Mr. Miller’s employment terminates by reason of disability or death, the option will vest in full and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the original term;

 

   

if Mr. Miller’s employment is terminated by us without cause or if Mr. Miller resigns for good reason, the portion of the option that is scheduled to vest over the 36 months immediately following the date of termination will vest and remain exercisable for a period of two years following such date (but in no event beyond the original term) and any remaining portion of the option will be forfeited as of the date of such termination;

 

   

if Mr. Miller is terminated for cause, he will forfeit any portion of the option that is outstanding, whether vested or unvested; and

 

   

if Mr. Miller terminates employment without good reason, any unvested portion of the option will be forfeited and any vested portion will remain exercisable for a period of 90 days following such termination and will be forfeited thereafter.

Effect of Termination Events or Change in Control on Unvested Equity Awards

The majority of the equity awards granted to our named executive officers through December 31, 2010, were granted under the Equity Plan. Unvested options issued under the Equity Plan terminate upon termination of employment and optionees generally have three months following termination of employment to exercise their vested options (unless the option terminates earlier pursuant to its terms). Unless otherwise set forth in an award agreement, unvested restricted stock is forfeited upon a termination of employment. Unvested options and restricted stock fully vest upon a change in control. Amounts payable to each of our executive officers based on a termination event or a change in control are set forth below under “ — Quantification of Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control.”

 

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Quantification of Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control

The following table sets forth the details of the estimated payments and benefits that would be provided to each named executive officer in the event that the executive’s employment with us is terminated for any reason, including a termination for cause, resignation or retirement, a constructive termination, a termination without cause, death and termination in connection with a change in control, or in the event of a change in control without termination. The amounts included in the tables are based on the following:

 

   

A termination or a change in control event effective as of December 31, 2010;

 

   

The value of our common stock of $13.34 per share, based on the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE on December 31, 2010, the last trading day in 2010; and

 

   

“Cash Compensation” includes payments of salary, bonus, severance or death benefit amounts payable in the applicable scenario.

 

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The actual amounts that would be payable in these circumstances can only be determined at the time of the executive’s termination or a change in control and accordingly, may differ from the estimated amounts set forth in the tables below. Although we may not have any contractual obligation to make a cash payment or provide other benefits to any named executive officer in the event of his death, long-term disability or upon the occurrence of any other event, a cash payment may be made or other benefit may be provided at our discretion.

 

Named Executive Officer

   By Company
for Cause
     By Company
Without Cause
     By Executive
with

Good Reason
     Termination
In Connection
with Change
of Control
     Death  

Jack A. Fusco

              

Cash Compensation(1)

   $       $ 4,120,000       $ 4,120,000       $ 6,180,000       $   

Health and Welfare Benefits(2)

             43,704         43,704         65,556         65,556   

Outplacement(2)

                 —         55,000         55,000         55,000           

Unvested Options(3)

             2,415,000         2,415,000         2,415,000         2,415,000   

Stock Awards(4)

                                       

Tax Gross-Up(5)

                             3,669,869           
                                            

TOTAL

   $       $ 6,633,704       $ 6,633,704       $ 12,385,425       $ 2,480,556   
                                            

Zamir Rauf

              

Cash Compensation(1)

   $       $ 1,425,000       $ 1,425,000       $ 2,840,500       $   

Health and Welfare Benefits(2)

             32,778         32,778         65,556           

Outplacement(2)

             50,000         50,000         50,000           

Unvested Options(3)

             324,593         324,593         324,593         324,593   

Stock Awards(4)

             264,586         264,586         264,586         264,586   

Tax Gross-Up(5)

                             984,357           
                                            

TOTAL

   $       $ 2,096,957       $ 2,096,957       $ 4,529,592       $ 589,179   
                                            

John B. Hill

              

Cash Compensation(1)

   $       $ 1,852,500       $ 1,852,500       $ 3,692,650       $   

Health and Welfare Benefits(2)

             32,778         32,778         65,556         32,778   

Outplacement(2)

             50,000         50,000         50,000           

Unvested Options(3)

             1,378,000         1,378,000         1,378,000         1,378,000   

Stock Awards(4)

                                       

Tax Gross-Up(5)

                             1,743,958           
                                            

TOTAL

   $       $ 3,313,278       $ 3,313,278       $ 6,930,164       $ 1,410,778   
                                            

W. Thaddeus Miller

              

Cash Compensation(1)

   $       $ 2,066,250       $ 2,066,250       $ 4,118,725       $   

Health and Welfare Benefits(2)

             21,852         21,852         43,704         43,704   

Outplacement(2)

             50,000         50,000         50,000           

Unvested Options(3)

             777,000         777,000         777,000         777,000   

Stock Awards(4)

                                       

Tax Gross-Up(5)

                             1,849,121           
                                            

TOTAL

   $       $ 2,915,102       $ 2,915,102       $ 6,838,550       $ 820,704   
                                            

Jim D. Deidiker

              

Cash Compensation(1)

   $       $ 571,200       $ 571,200       $ 1,136,688       $   

Health and Welfare Benefits(2)

             14,568         14,568         29,136           

Outplacement(2)

             40,000         40,000         40,000           

Unvested Options(3)

             253,592         253,592         253,592         253,592   

Stock Awards(4)

                                       
                                            

TOTAL

   $       $ 879,360       $ 879,360       $ 1,459,416       $ 253,592   
                                            

 

 

(1) Amounts represented assume that no executive received payment from any displacement program, supplemental unemployment plan or other separation benefit which would decrease the amount of the above payments, where applicable. The amounts would be paid as a lump sum but have been calculated without any present-value discount and assuming that base pay would continue at 2010 rates.

 

(2)

Using generally accepted accounting principles for purposes of the Company’s financial statements, continued health and welfare benefits were valued at the amount of $1,821 per month (for family coverage)

 

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which applied to Messrs. Fusco, Rauf and Hill and $1,214 per month (for employee and spouse coverage) which applied to Messrs. Miller and Deidiker. Outplacement services were valued at $40,000 for 12 months of coverage, $50,000 for 18 months of coverage and $55,000 for 24 and 36 months of coverage.

 

(3) The value of option awards represents the difference between the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2010 ($13.34) and the exercise price of all unvested options that would vest upon the triggering event. As shown in the “Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End” table, many of the options that would be subject to accelerated vesting upon one of the triggering events noted above had exercise prices in excess of the closing price of the stock on the relevant date and, therefore, no executive would have recognized any gain with respect to those accelerated options upon any triggering event. In the event of a change in control all unvested options will immediately vest in full, whether or not the executive’s employment terminates.

 

(4) The value of stock awards represents the value at December 31, 2010 of all shares of restricted stock that on that date were subject to service-based restrictions, which restrictions lapse upon a change in control, whether or not the executive’s employment terminates.

 

(5) The gross-up payment is an additional amount that we are obligated to pay to Messrs. Fusco, Miller, Hill and Rauf pursuant to their employment agreement or employment letter in order to make the executive whole for any federal excise tax imposed on the executive as a result of the executive’s receipt of payments that are contingent upon a change of control, as well as the payment of all federal and state income and excise taxes imposed on the gross-up payment. In the event of an actual change in control, a portion of the value of the payments to be made to the executive may be allocated to a non-compete agreement with the executive in determining the actual excise tax and gross up amount. Such an allocation may result in a reduction of the amount of the applicable excise tax and gross-up payment shown in this table. Typically, the determination of the amount allocated to the non-compete agreements would include an independent market value analysis of these non-compete agreements. In addition, amounts representing any pro rata bonuses payable to the named executive officers in the year of termination have been included in determining the estimated excise tax. In the event of an actual change in control, these amounts may be excludable from the calculation of excise tax under Section 280G and Section 4999 of the IRC.

Compensation and Risk

Our Risk Management Committee regularly conducts risk assessments to determine the extent, if any, to which our compensation practices and programs may create incentives for excessive risk taking. The Chief Risk Officer presents the findings of such risk assessments to the full Board of Directors. Based on these reviews, we believe that for the substantial majority of our employees the incentive for risk taking is low, because their compensation consists largely of fixed cash salary and a cash bonus that has a capped payout. Furthermore, the majority of these employees do not have the authority to take action on our behalf that could expose us to significant business risks.

In 2010, as part of its assessment, the Risk Management Committee reviewed the compensation program for employees that engage in certain hedging and optimization activities. While these employees have increased potential for risk taking because a part of their compensation is linked to the profitability of these activities, the Risk Management Committee concluded that the business risk from these activities is not significant because these employees’ activities are subject to controls that limit excessive risk-taking, such as volumetric and value-at-risk limits that are monitored and enforced on a daily basis by our Chief Risk Officer.

The Risk Management Committee also reviewed the cash and equity incentive programs for senior executives and concluded that certain aspects of the programs actually reduce the likelihood of excessive risk taking. These aspects include the use of long-term equity awards to create incentives for senior executives to work for long-term growth of the Company, including limited claw-back provisions contained in employment agreements or letter agreement, as applicable, for Messrs. Fusco, Miller and Hill, limiting the incentive to take excessive risk for short-term gains by imposing caps on CIP bonuses, requiring compliance with our Code of Conduct and giving the Compensation Committee the power to reduce discretionary bonuses.

For these reasons, we do not believe that our compensation policies and practices create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

 

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Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

See “Compensation Discussion and Analysis — Details of Each Element of Compensation — Annual Incentive — Calpine Incentive Plan” for a discussion of the equity incentive plans.

Equity Compensation Plans Table

The following table shows information relating to the number of shares authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2010.

 

December 31, 2010

   Securities to be issued
upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
    Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights
     Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
 

Equity compensation plans

       

Approved by shareholders

     12,626,461 (1)    $ 15.70         11,335,891 (2) 

Not approved by shareholders

     4,636,734 (3)    $ 22.16         (4) 
                         

Total

     17,263,195 (5)    $ 17.44         11,335,891   
                         

 

(1) Represents shares issuable upon exercise of options outstanding under the Equity Plan to purchase 12,528,156 shares and upon the settlement of outstanding restricted stock units under the Equity Plan and the Director Plan with respect to 98,305 shares; however, does not include issued restricted shares, which are subject to vesting.

 

(2) Represents available shares for future issuance of 393,933 shares under the Director Plan and 10,941,958 shares under the Equity Plan.

 

(3) Represents 4,144,000 shares issuable under the Calpine Corporation Executive Sign-On Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement with Jack A. Fusco, 428,000 shares issuable under the Calpine Corporation Executive Sign On Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement with W. Thaddeus Miller and 64,734 shares issuable under the Calpine Corporation Executive Sign On Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement with John B. Hill.

 

(4) There are no shares available for future grant.

 

(5) The weighted average term for the expiration of stock options is 5.6 years.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

See “Executive Compensation — Summary of Employment Agreements” for a description of employment agreements between us and certain of the named executive officers.

During 2010, there were no transactions to be disclosed in which we were a participant and the amount involved exceeded $120,000 and in which any related person, including our executives and directors, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

See “Corporate Governance Matters — Business Relationships and Related Party Transactions Policy” for a discussion of our policies and procedures related to conflicts of interest.

Director Independence. See “Corporate Governance Matters — Director Independence.”

 

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PROPOSAL 2

RATIFICATION OF THE SELECTION OF THE

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Audit Committee has appointed PWC as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2011. We have been advised by PWC that it is an independent registered public accounting firm with the PCAOB, and complies with the auditing, quality control and independence standards and rules of the PCAOB.

We expect that representatives of PWC will be present at the Annual Meeting to respond to appropriate questions, and they will have the opportunity to make a statement if they desire.

While the Audit Committee retains PWC as our independent registered public accounting firm, the Board of Directors is submitting the selection of PWC to the shareholders for ratification upon the recommendation to do so by the Audit Committee.

Unless contrary instructions are given, shares represented by proxies solicited by the Board will be voted for the ratification of the selection of PWC as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2011. If the selection of PWC is not ratified by the shareholders, the Audit Committee will reconsider the matter. Even if the selection of PWC is ratified, the Audit Committee in its discretion may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if it determines that such a change is in our best interests.

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by PWC for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and fees billed for other services rendered by PWC during those periods (in millions).

 

             2010                      2009          

Audit fees(1)(2)

   $ 8.4       $ 8.9   

All other fees(3)

               —                 0.5   
                 

Total

   $ 8.4       $ 9.4   
                 

 

 

(1) Our Audit fees consisted of approximately $6.8 million and $6.6 million for the audits and quarterly reviews of our consolidated financial statements, registration statements and offerings for Calpine Corporation for 2010 and 2009, respectively, and fees of approximately $1.6 million for 2010 and $2.3 million for 2009, which were billed for performing audits and reviews of certain of our subsidiaries.

 

(2) PWC did not provide us with any tax compliance and tax consulting services for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

 

(3) Other services, which were pre-approved by the Audit Committee, related to an assessment of the Company’s month end close process and related recommendations for management’s consideration in an effort to achieve efficiency, cost-effectiveness and improved quality as they relate to the accounting function.

 

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Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

All audit and non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm must be pre-approved by our Audit Committee. Any service proposals submitted by our independent registered public accounting firm need to be discussed and approved by the Audit Committee during its meetings, which take place at least four times a year. Once a proposed service is approved, we or our subsidiaries formalize the engagement of the service. The approval of any audit and non-audit services to be provided by our independent registered public accounting firm is specified in the minutes of our Audit Committee meetings. In addition, the members of our Board of Directors are briefed on matters discussed by the different Committees of our Board.

The Board of Directors recommends that you vote “FOR” approval of PWC as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2011.

 

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PROPOSAL 3

ADVISORY RESOLUTION ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Background of the Proposal

In accordance with the recently enacted Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), we are asking you to approve an advisory resolution on compensation of our named executive officers as described in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and related narrative discussion included in this proxy statement. This proposal, commonly known as a “say on pay” proposal, gives shareholders the opportunity to approve, reject or abstain from voting with respect to our fiscal 2010 executive compensation programs and policies and the compensation paid to the named executive officers. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation, but rather the overall compensation of our named executive officers as described in this proxy statement.

Executive Compensation

We believe that it is appropriate to seek the views of shareholders on the design and effectiveness of our executive compensation program and are providing our shareholders the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on executive compensation as described below:

Please read the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” beginning on page 22 for additional details about our executive compensation program, including information about the fiscal year 2010 compensation of our named executive officers. In summary, the Board of Directors, the Compensation Committee and Calpine’s management believe that compensation should help recruit, retain and motivate a highly talented team of executives with the requisite set of skills and experience to successfully lead Calpine in creating value for our shareholders. Our executive compensation and benefit programs are designed to reward increased shareholder value and the achievement of key operating objectives. Our equity plans are designed to help align executive compensation with the long-term interests of our shareholders. Our performance objectives measure our management team’s success in implementing our business plan and our goal of being recognized as the premier independent power company in the U.S. The Company believes that its executive compensation program satisfies this goal and is closely aligned with the long-term interests of its shareholders.

Our executive compensation program is simple in design. The compensation of our named executive officers consists almost exclusively of base salary, annual cash incentives, and grants of equity, primarily in the form of stock options, the majority of which, is tied to performance. The Compensation Committee sets the compensation of our named executive officers based on their achievement of annual financial and operational objectives that further our long-term business goals and based on the creation of sustainable long-term shareholder value. This is done by basing a significant portion of their compensation on performance incentives whether through equity awards (in the case of long-term incentives), which are tied to the appreciation of the price of our common stock or through annual cash incentive bonuses, which are tied to the achievement of corporate performance goals and certain financial and operating metrics. Our compensation program mitigates risk by emphasizing long-term compensation and financial performance measures correlated with growing shareholder value rather than simply rewarding shorter-term performance and payout periods. We believe that the mix and structure of our executive compensation packages strikes the appropriate balance to promote long-term returns without motivating or rewarding excessive risk taking. Calpine’s compensation principles and objectives that govern compensation decisions include:

 

   

alignment with shareholders’ interests;

 

   

pay for performance;

 

   

emphasis on performance over time; and

 

   

recruitment, retention and motivation of key leadership talent.

This proposal allows our shareholders to express their opinions regarding the decisions of the Compensation Committee on the prior year’s annual compensation to the named executive officers. Because your

 

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vote on this proposal is advisory, it will not be binding on us, the Compensation Committee or the Board. However, the Compensation Committee and the Board will take into account the outcome of the vote when considering future executive compensation arrangements. Further, your advisory vote will serve as an additional tool to guide the Board and the Compensation Committee in continuing to improve the alignment of the Company’s executive compensation programs with the interests of Calpine and its shareholders, and is consistent with our commitment to high standards of corporate governance.

For the reasons outlined above, we believe that our executive compensation program is well-designed, appropriately aligns executive pay with Company performance and incentivizes desirable behavior. Accordingly, we are asking you to endorse our executive compensation program by voting for the following resolution:

RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion is hereby APPROVED.

The Board of Directors recommends that you vote “FOR” the foregoing resolution for the reasons outlined above.

 

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PROPOSAL 4

ADVISORY VOTE ON THE FREQUENCY OF FUTURE ADVISORY VOTES ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Background of the Proposal

In accordance with the recently enacted Dodd-Frank Act, we are seeking an advisory shareholder vote on whether an advisory say on pay vote should be held every year, every two years or every three years. Shareholders may also abstain from making a choice. This proposal is commonly known as a “say on frequency” proposal. The Dodd-Frank Act requires that, after such initial say on frequency votes are held, we submit to our shareholders not less frequently than every six years thereafter the say on frequency vote.

Frequency of Vote on Executive Compensation

After carefully considering the benefits and potential consequences of each option for the frequency of submitting the advisory vote on the compensation of our named executive officers to shareholders, the Board of Directors has determined that holding such advisory vote EVERY YEAR is the most appropriate policy for Calpine at this time. In formulating this recommendation, the Board recognized that an annual advisory say on pay vote would provide the highest level of accountability and promote direct and immediate feedback by enabling the non-binding say on pay vote to correspond with the most recent executive compensation information presented in our proxy statement. While Calpine’s executive compensation programs are designed to promote a long-term connection between pay and performance, executive compensation disclosures are made annually and the Board believes that an annual advisory vote on executive compensation is consistent with Calpine’s practice of seeking timely input and engaging in frequent dialogue with our shareholders on corporate governance matters (including our practice of having all directors elected annually and annually providing shareholders the opportunity to ratify the Audit Committee’s selection of independent auditors) and our executive compensation philosophy, policies and practices. Shareholders should consider the value of having the opportunity every year to voice their opinion on the Company’s executive compensation through an advisory vote, weighing that against the additional burden and expense to the Company and shareholders of preparing and responding to proposals annually, as well as the other means available to shareholders to provide input on executive compensation. We welcome shareholder input and anticipate that the value of an annual vote will likely outweigh the burden of preparing annual proposals.

Shareholders are not voting to approve or disapprove the Board’s recommendation. Shareholders will be able to specify one of four choices for this proposal on the proxy card: “1 Year,” “2 Years,” “3 Years” or “Abstain.” The option that receives the highest number of votes cast by our shareholders will be the frequency for the advisory vote on executive compensation that has been selected by our shareholders. Because your vote on this proposal is advisory, it will not be binding on us, the Board or the Compensation Committee. Nevertheless, our Board will review and consider the outcome of this vote when making determinations as to the frequency of say on pay votes and may decide, based on factors such as discussions with shareholders and the adoption of material changes to compensation programs, that it is in the best interest of our shareholders to hold a say on pay vote more or less frequently than the option approved by our shareholders.

The Board of Directors recommends that you vote for every “1 YEAR” with respect to how frequently a non-binding shareholder vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers should occur in the future.

 

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SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and beneficial owners of more than 10% of any class of our equity securities including our common stock, to file with the SEC initial reports of beneficial ownership and reports of changes in beneficial ownership of common stock and other equity securities of the Company, and to provide the Company with a copy of those reports.

Based solely upon our review of the copies of such reports furnished to the Company and written representations that no other reports were required, the Company is not aware of any instances of noncompliance with the Section 16(a) filing requirements by any director, executive officer or beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of the Company’s equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

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SHAREHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 2012 ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

Shareholder proposals intended to be included in our proxy statement and voted on at our 2012 annual meeting of shareholders must be received at our offices at 717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002, Attention: Corporate Secretary, on or before December 1, 2011. Applicable SEC rules and regulations govern the submission of shareholder proposals and our consideration of them for inclusion in the 2012 notice of annual meeting of shareholders and the 2012 proxy statement.

Pursuant to our Bylaws and applicable SEC rules and regulations, in order for any business not included in the proxy statement for the 2012 annual meeting of shareholders to be brought before the meeting by a shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting, the shareholder must give timely written notice of that business to our Corporate Secretary. To be timely, the notice must not be received earlier than January 12, 2012 (120 days prior to May 11, 2012, the one year anniversary of the Annual Meeting), nor later than February 13, 2012 (90 days prior to May 11, 2012). The notice must contain the information required by our Bylaws. The foregoing Bylaw provisions do not affect a shareholder’s ability to request inclusion of a proposal in our proxy statement within the procedures and deadlines set forth in Rule 14a-8 of the SEC’s proxy rules and referred to in the paragraph above. A proxy may confer discretionary authority to vote on any matter at a meeting if we do not receive notice of the matter within the time frames described above. A copy of our Bylaws is available upon request to: Calpine Corporation, 717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002, Attention: Corporate Secretary. The officer presiding at the meeting may exclude matters that are not properly presented in accordance with these requirements.

OTHER BUSINESS

As of the date of this proxy statement, we do not know of any other matters that may be presented for action at the meeting. Should any other business properly come before the Annual Meeting, the persons named on the enclosed proxy will, as stated therein, have discretionary authority to vote the shares represented by such proxy in accordance with their best judgment.

 

W. Thaddeus Miller

Corporate Secretary

March 30, 2011

 

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Reservation Form for the Calpine Corporation 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders

Shareholders who expect to attend the Annual Meeting on May 11, 2011, at 10:00 a.m. in Houston, Texas should complete this form and return it to the Office of the Corporate Secretary, Calpine Corporation, 717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002. Admission cards will be provided at the check-in desk at the meeting (please be prepared to show proof of identification). Shareholders holding stock in brokerage accounts will need to bring a copy of a brokerage statement reflecting Calpine Corporation common stock ownership as of March 14, 2011.

Name

(Please Print)

Address

(Please Print)


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CALPINE

NYSE CFN

CALPINE CORPORATION

717 TEXAS AVENUE

SUITE 1000

HOUSTON, TX 77002

VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com

Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on May 10, 2011, the day before the meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form.

ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS

If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by Calpine Corp. in mailing proxy materials, you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years.

VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903

Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time on May 10, 2011, the day before the meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions.

VOTE BY MAIL

Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.

TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: x

KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS

THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.

DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY

CALPINE CORPORATION

The Board of Directors recommends a vote “FOR” the listed nominees:

For All Withhold All For All Except

To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of the nominee(s) on the line below.

1. Election of Directors

Nominees:

01) Frank Cassidy

02) Jack A. Fusco

03) Robert C. Hinckley

04) David C. Merritt

05) W. Benjamin Moreland

06) Robert A. Mosbacher, Jr.

07) William E. Oberndorf

08) Denise M. O’Leary

09) J. Stuart Ryan

The Board of Directors recommends a vote “FOR” the following proposals:

2. Ratification of selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accountants for the year ending December 31, 2011.

3. Approval of advisory resolution on executive compensation.

For Against Abstain

The Board of Directors recommends a vote for every “1 YEAR” on the following proposal:

4. Advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on executive compensation.

1 Year 2 Years 3 Years Abstain

Note: Such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof.

For address change / comments, please mark here. (see reverse for instructions)

Please indicate if you plan to attend this meeting.

Yes No

Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator or other fiduciary, please add your title as such. When signing as joint tenants, all parties in the joint tenancy must sign. If a signer is a corporation, please sign in full corporate name by a duly authorized officer.

Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date Signature (Joint Owners) Date


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CALPINE

NYSE CFN

Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the

Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 11, 2011:

The Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders, the Proxy Statement and the 2010 Annual Report

are available at www.proxyvote.com.

CALPINE CORPORATION

THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

ANNUAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS

MAY 11, 2011

The shareholder(s) hereby appoint Jack A. Fusco and W. Thaddeus Miller, or either of them, as proxies, each with the power to appoint his substitute, and hereby authorize(s) each of them to represent and to vote, as designated on the reverse side of this ballot, all of the shares of common stock of Calpine Corporation that the shareholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held at 10:00 a.m. (Central Time) on May 11, 2011, at the Magnolia Hotel, located at 1100 Texas Avenue, Houston, Texas 77002, and any adjournment or postponement thereof. The shares represented by this proxy when properly executed will be voted in the manner directed herein by the undersigned Shareholder(s). If no direction is given, this proxy will be voted FOR items 1 through 3 and for every 1 YEAR with respect to item 4. If any other matters properly come before the meeting, or any adjournment thereof, the persons named in this proxy will vote in their discretion.

Please consider voting over the Internet or by telephone. Your vote will be recorded as if you mailed in your proxy card. We believe voting this way is convenient.

PLEASE MARK, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THIS PROXY CARD PROMPTLY USING THE ENCLOSED REPLY ENVELOPE.

Address change/comments:

(If you noted any Address Changes and/or Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.)

Continued and to be signed on reverse side