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Assets and Liabilities with Recurring Fair Value Measurements (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Abstract]  
Fair Value, Measurement Inputs, Disclosure
The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, by level within the fair value hierarchy:
 
Assets and Liabilities with Recurring Fair Value Measures as of December 31, 2019
 
Level 1    
 
Level 2    
 
Level 3    
 
Total    
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents(1)
$
784

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
784

Commodity instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity exchange traded derivatives contracts
872

 
—

 
—

 
872

Commodity forward contracts(2)
—

 
245

 
294

 
539

Interest rate hedging instruments
—

 
12

 
—

 
12

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(3)(4)
(872
)
 
(131
)
 
(18
)
 
(1,021
)
Total assets
$
784

 
$
126

 
$
276

 
$
1,186

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity exchange traded derivatives contracts
984

 
—

 
—

 
984

Commodity forward contracts(2)
—

 
285

 
123

 
408

Interest rate hedging instruments
—

 
31

 
—

 
31

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(3)(4)
(984
)
 
(133
)
 
(18
)
 
(1,135
)
Total liabilities
$
—

 
$
183

 
$
105

 
$
288

 
Assets and Liabilities with Recurring Fair Value Measures as of December 31, 2018
 
Level 1    
 
Level 2    
 
Level 3    
 
Total    
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents(1)
$
168

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
168

Commodity instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity exchange traded derivatives contracts
933

 
—

 
—

 
933

Commodity forward contracts(2)
—

 
338

 
212

 
550

Interest rate hedging instruments
—

 
40

 
—

 
40

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(3)(4)
(933
)
 
(262
)
 
(26
)
 
(1,221
)
Total assets
$
168

 
$
116

 
$
186

 
$
470

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity exchange traded derivatives contracts
932

 
—

 
—

 
932

Commodity forward contracts(2)
—

 
549

 
220

 
769

Interest rate hedging instruments
—

 
10

 
—

 
10

Effect of netting and allocation of collateral(3)(4)
(932
)
 
(310
)
 
(26
)
 
(1,268
)
Total liabilities
$
—

 
$
249

 
$
194

 
$
443

___________
(1)
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had cash equivalents of $573 million and $23 million included in cash and cash equivalents and $211 million and $145 million included in restricted cash, respectively.
(2)
Includes OTC swaps and options.
(3)
We offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement for financial statement presentation; therefore, amounts recognized for the right to reclaim, or the obligation to return, cash collateral are presented net with the corresponding derivative instrument fair values. See Note 10 for further discussion of our derivative instruments subject to master netting arrangements.
(4)
Cash collateral posted with (received from) counterparties allocated to level 1, level 2 and level 3 derivative instruments totaled $112 million, $2 million and nil, respectively, at December 31, 2019. Cash collateral posted with (received from) counterparties allocated to level 1, level 2 and level 3 derivative instruments totaled $(1) million, $48 million and nil, respectively, at December 31, 2018.
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information
The following table presents quantitative information for the unobservable inputs used in our most significant level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
Fair Value, Net Asset
 
 
 
Significant Unobservable
 
 
 
 
(Liability)
 
Valuation Technique
 
Input
 
Range
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Power Contracts(1)
 
$
158

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MWh)
 
$4.85 — $184.15/MWh
Power Congestion Products
 
$
17

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MWh)
 
$(10.32)— $20.00/MWh
Natural Gas Contracts
 
$
(20
)
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MMBtu)
 
$1.73 — $6.45/MMBtu
 
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair Value, Net Asset
 
 
 
Significant Unobservable
 
 
 
 
(Liability)
 
Valuation Technique
 
Input
 
Range
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Power Contracts(1)
 
$
36

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MWh)
 
$2.12 — $227.98/MWh
Power Congestion Products
 
$
26

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MWh)
 
$(11.71) — $11.88/MWh
Natural Gas Contracts
 
$
(73
)
 
Discounted cash flow
 
Market price (per MMBtu)
 
$0.75 — $8.87/MMBtu

___________
(1)
Power contracts include power and heat rate instruments classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of our net derivative assets (liabilities) classified as level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (in millions):
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Balance, beginning of period
$
(8
)
 
$
197

 
$
416

Realized and mark-to-market gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in net income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in operating revenues(1)
171

 
(88
)
 
32

Included in fuel and purchased energy expense(2)
(21
)
 
(45
)
 
50

Change in collateral
—

 
—

 
(17
)
Purchases, issuances and settlements:
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
5

 
18

 
4

Issuances
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
(1
)
Settlements
56

 
(86
)
 
(179
)
Transfers in and/or out of level 3(3):
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers into level 3(4)
1

 
—

 
(2
)
Transfers out of level 3(5)
(30
)
 
(2
)
 
(106
)
Balance, end of period
$
171

 
$
(8
)
 
$
197

Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at end of period
$
150

 
$
(133
)
 
$
82

___________
(1)
For power contracts and other power-related products, included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2)
For natural gas and power contracts, swaps and options, included on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3)
We transfer amounts among levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of each period. There were no transfers into or out of level 1 during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
(4)
We had $1 million in gains, nil and $(2) million in losses transferred out of level 2 into level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
(5)
We had $30 million, $2 million and $104 million in gains transferred out of level 3 into level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, due to changes in market liquidity in various power markets and $2 million in gains transferred out of level 3 during the years ended December 31, 2017, to other assets following the election of the normal purchase normal sales exemption and the discontinuance of derivative accounting treatment as of the date of this election for certain commodity contracts.