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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of interim presentation

Basis of Interim Presentation — The accompanying unaudited, interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of Calpine Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and consolidated subsidiaries have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. In the opinion of management, the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements include the normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information required to be set forth therein. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted from these statements pursuant to such rules and regulations and, accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, included in our 2010 Form 10-K. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year primarily due to acquisitions and disposals of assets, seasonal fluctuations in our revenues, timing of major maintenance expense, volatility of commodity prices and unrealized gains and losses from commodity and interest rate derivative contracts.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications  — Certain reclassifications have been made to our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations and Cash Flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 to conform to the current period presentation. Our reclassifications are summarized as follows:

 

      We have reclassified amounts attributable to interest rate swaps formerly hedging our First Lien Credit Facility term loans previously recorded in interest expense to (gain) loss on interest rate derivatives, net of approximately $(8) million and $3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively. See Note 7 for further information about our interest rate swaps formerly hedging our First Lien Credit Facility.

 

      We have reclassified depreciation expense on corporate assets previously recorded in sales, general and other administrative expense to depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $ 3 million and $ 6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively.

 

      We have reclassified cash payments on our interest rate swaps formerly hedging our First Lien Credit Facility term loans previously included in net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $ 14 million to settlement of non-hedging interest rate swaps included in net cash provided by (used in) investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2010.

Use of estimates in preparation of financial statements

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements —  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures included in our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents  — We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We have certain project finance facilities and lease agreements that require us to establish and maintain segregated cash accounts which have been pledged as security in favor of the lenders under such project finance facilities, and the use of certain cash balances on deposit in such accounts is limited, at least temporarily, to the operations of the respective projects. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $ 301 million and $ 269 million, respectively, that were subject to such project finance facilities and lease agreements.

Restricted cash

Restricted Cash —  Certain of our debt agreements, lease agreements or other operating agreements require us to establish and maintain segregated cash accounts, the use of which is restricted. These amounts are held by depository banks in order to comply with the contractual provisions requiring reserves for payments such as for debt service, rent, major maintenance and debt repurchases or with applicable regulatory requirements. Funds that can be used to satisfy obligations due during the next 12 months are classified as current restricted cash, with the remainder classified as non-current restricted cash. Restricted cash is generally invested in accounts earning market rates; therefore, the carrying value approximates fair value. Such cash is excluded from cash and cash equivalents on our Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets and Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows. The table below represents the components of our restricted cash at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010 (in millions):

Inventory

Inventory — At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had inventory of $ 246 million and $ 262 million, respectively. Inventory primarily consists of spare parts, stored natural gas and fuel oil, emission reduction credits and natural gas exchange imbalances. Inventory, other than spare parts, is stated primarily at the lower of cost under the weighted average cost method or market value. Spare parts inventory is valued at the weighted average cost and are expensed to plant operating expense or capitalized to property, plant and equipment as the parts are utilized and consumed.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments

Accounting for Derivative Instruments

 

We recognize all derivative instruments that qualify for derivative accounting treatment as either assets or liabilities and measure those instruments at fair value unless they qualify for, and we elect, the normal purchase normal sale exemption. For transactions in which we elect the normal purchase normal sale exemption, gains and losses are not reflected on our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations until the period of delivery. Revenues and fuel costs derived from instruments that qualify for hedge accounting or represent an economic hedge are recorded in the same period and in the same financial statement line item as the item being hedged. Hedge accounting requires us to formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting. We present the cash flows from our derivatives in the same category as the item being hedged within operating activities or investing activities (in the case of settlements for our interest rate swaps formerly hedging our First Lien Credit Facility term loans or interest rate swap breakage costs associated with interest rate swaps formerly hedging project debt) on our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows unless they contain an other-than-insignificant financing element in which case their cash flows are classified within financing activities.

 

Cash Flow Hedges  — We report the effective portion of the unrealized gain or loss on a derivative instrument designated and qualifying as a cash flow hedging instrument as a component of OCI and reclassify such gains and losses into earnings in the same period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses due to ineffectiveness on commodity hedging instruments are included in unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses, and are recognized currently in earnings as a component of operating revenues (for power contracts and swaps), fuel and purchased energy expense (for natural gas contracts and swaps) and interest expense (for interest rate swaps except as discussed below). If it is determined that the forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring, then hedge accounting will be discontinued prospectively and future changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. If the hedging instrument is terminated or de-designated prior to the occurrence of the hedged forecasted transaction, the net accumulated gain or loss associated with the changes in fair value of the hedge instrument remains deferred in AOCI until such time as the forecasted transaction impacts earnings, or until it is determined that the forecasted transaction is probable of not occurring. Upon repayment of our NDH Project Debt and other project debt, we terminated and settled the interest rate swaps related to these debt instruments and recorded $ 17 million to (gain) loss on interest rate derivatives, net for both the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011. See Note 5 for further information about the repayment of the NDH Project Debt as well as the repayment of other project debt with proceeds from our New Term Loan.

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments — Along with our portfolio of transactions which are accounted for as hedges under U.S. GAAP, we enter into power, natural gas and interest rate transactions that primarily act as economic hedges to our asset portfolio, but either do not qualify as hedges under the hedge accounting guidelines or qualify under the hedge accounting guidelines and the hedge accounting designation has not been elected. Changes in fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recognized currently in earnings as a component of operating revenues (for power contracts and Heat Rate swaps and options), fuel and purchased energy expense (for natural gas contracts, swaps and options) and interest expense (for interest rate swaps except as discussed below).

 

Interest Rate Swaps Formerly Hedging our First Lien Credit Facility and Other Project Debt — During 2010, we repaid approximately $ 3.5 billion of our First Lien Credit Facility term loans, which had approximately $3.3 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps hedging the scheduled variable interest payments, and in January 2011, we repaid the remaining approximately $1.2 billion of First Lien Credit Facility term loans which had approximately $ 1.0 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps hedging the scheduled variable interest payments. With the repayment of the remaining First Lien Credit Facility term loans, the remaining unrealized losses of approximately $ 91 million in AOCI related to the interest swaps formerly hedging the First Lien Credit Facility, were reclassified out of AOCI and into income as an additional (gain) loss on interest rate derivatives, net, during the first quarter of 2011. In addition, we reclassified approximately $17 million in unrealized losses in AOCI to (gain) loss on interest rate derivatives, net during the second quarter of 2011 resulting from the repayment of project debt in June 2011. We have presented the reclassification of unrealized losses from AOCI into income and the changes in fair value and settlements subsequent to the reclassification date of the interest rate swaps formerly hedging our First Lien Credit Facility described above separate from interest expense as (gain) loss on interest rate derivatives, net on our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. We also have determined that, based upon current market conditions and consistent with our risk management policy, liquidation of these interest rate swaps is not economically beneficial and additional future losses are limited. Accordingly, we have elected to retain and hold these interest rate swap positions at this time.

Variable Interest Entities

Consolidation of VIEs

 

We consolidate our VIEs where we determine that we have both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the VIE. We have determined that we hold the obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits in all of our VIEs where we hold the majority equity interest. Therefore, our determination of whether to consolidate is based upon which variable interest holder has the power to direct the most significant activities of the VIE (the primary beneficiary). Our analysis includes consideration of the following primary activities which we believe to have a significant impact on a power plant’s financial performance: operations and maintenance, plant dispatch, and fuel strategy as well as our ability to control or influence contracting and overall plant strategy. Our approach to determining which entity holds the powers and rights is based on powers held as of the balance sheet date. Contractual terms that may change the powers held in future periods, such as a purchase or sale option, are not considered in our analysis. Based on our analysis, we believe that we hold the power and rights to direct the most significant activities of all our majority owned VIEs.

 

Under our consolidation policy and under U.S. GAAP we also:

 

       perform an ongoing reassessment each reporting period of whether we are the primary beneficiary of our VIEs; and

 

       evaluate if an entity is a VIE and whether we are the primary beneficiary whenever any changes in facts and circumstances occur such that the holders of the equity investment at risk, as a group, lose the power from voting rights or similar rights of those investments to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance.