AvalonBay Communities, Inc. (the "Company," which term, unless the context otherwise requires, refers to AvalonBay Communities, Inc. together with its subsidiaries) is a Maryland corporation that has elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). The Company focuses on the development, redevelopment, acquisition, ownership and operation of multifamily communities in New England, the New York/New Jersey metro area, the Mid-Atlantic, the Pacific Northwest, and Northern and Southern California, as well as in the Company's expansion markets of Raleigh-Durham and Charlotte, North Carolina, Southeast Florida, Dallas and Austin, Texas, and Denver, Colorado.

At March 31, 2022, the Company owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in 296 operating apartment communities containing 87,918 apartment homes in 12 states and the District of Columbia, of which 18 communities were under development and two were under redevelopment, as well as The Park Loggia, which contains 172 for-sale residential condominiums, of which 138 have been sold as of March 31, 2022, and 66,000 square feet of commercial space, of which 87% has been leased as of March 31, 2022. The Company also owned or held a direct or indirect ownership interest in land or rights to land on which the Company expects to develop an additional 29 communities that, if developed as expected, will contain an estimated 10,122 apartment homes.

The interim unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. Management believes the disclosures are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for the interim periods, have been included.

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested restricted share awards contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends and participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders and, accordingly, are considered participating securities that are included in the two-class method of computing basic earnings per share ("EPS"). Both the unvested restricted shares and other potentially dilutive common shares, and the related impact to earnings, are considered when calculating earnings per share on a diluted basis. The Company's earnings per common share are determined as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):


	For the three months ended
	3/31/2022		3/31/2021
Basic and diluted shares outstanding
Weighted average common shares - basic	139,559,904		139,291,187
Weighted average DownREIT units outstanding	7,500		7,500
Effect of dilutive securities	408,678		253,726
Weighted average common shares - diluted	139,976,082		139,552,413

Calculation of Earnings per Share - basic
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	262,044	$	142,223
Net income allocated to unvested restricted shares	(523)		(324)
Net income attributable to common stockholders, adjusted	$	261,521	$	141,899

Weighted average common shares - basic	139,559,904		139,291,187

Earnings per common share - basic	$	1.87	$	1.02

Calculation of Earnings per Share - diluted
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	262,044	$	142,223
Add: noncontrolling interests of DownREIT unitholders in consolidated partnerships, including discontinued operations	12		12
Adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders	$	262,056	$	142,235

Weighted average common shares - diluted	139,976,082		139,552,413

Earnings per common share - diluted	$	1.87	$	1.02

The Company enters into interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements (collectively, "Hedging Derivatives") for interest rate risk management purposes and in conjunction with certain variable rate secured debt to satisfy lender requirements. The Company does not enter into Hedging Derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company assesses the effectiveness of qualifying cash flow and fair value hedges, both at inception and on an on-going basis. Hedge ineffectiveness is reported as a component of interest expense, net. The fair values of Hedging Derivatives that are in an asset position are recorded in prepaid expenses and other assets. The fair value of Hedging Derivatives that are in a liability position are included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company does not present or disclose the fair value of Hedging Derivatives on a net basis. Fair value changes for derivatives that are not in qualifying hedge relationships are reported as a component of interest expense, net. For the Hedging Derivatives that qualify as effective cash flow hedges, the Company has recorded the cumulative changes in the fair value of Hedging Derivatives in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings in the periods in which earnings are affected by the hedged cash flow. The effective portion of the change in fair value of the Hedging Derivatives that qualify as effective fair value hedges is reported as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the corresponding hedged item. See Note 11, “Fair Value,” for further discussion of derivative financial instruments.

The Company is involved in various claims and/or administrative proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. While no assurances can be given, the Company does not currently believe that any of these outstanding litigation matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.

The Company accounts for acquisitions of real estate in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the initial measurement, which first requires that the Company determine if the real estate investment is the acquisition of an asset or a business combination. Under either model, the Company must identify and determine the fair value of any assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. Typical assets acquired and liabilities assumed include land, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, debt and identified intangible assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above or below market leases and in-place leases. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes various sources, including its own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in its portfolio and other market data. Consideration for acquisitions is typically in the form of cash unless otherwise disclosed. For a business combination, the Company records the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the fair value of each respective item. For an asset acquisition, the allocation of the purchase price is based on the relative fair value of the net assets. The Company expenses all applicable acquisition costs for a business combination and capitalizes all applicable acquisition costs for an asset acquisition. The Company expects that acquisitions of individual operating communities will generally be asset acquisitions.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease based on whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, including specified portions of larger assets, for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company’s leases include both fixed and variable lease payments. Lease payments included in the lease liability include only fixed lease payments. For leases that have options to extend the term or terminate the lease early, the Company only factored the impact of such options into the lease term if the option was considered reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company determined the discount rate associated with its ground and office leases on a lease by lease basis using the Company’s actual borrowing rates as well as indicative market pricing for longer term rates and taking into consideration the remaining term of the lease agreements.

The Company has determined that the residential and commercial leases at its apartment communities are operating leases. For leases that include rent concessions and/or fixed and determinable rent increases, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancellable term of the lease, which, for residential leases, is generally one year. Some of the Company’s commercial leases have renewal options which the Company will only include in the lease term if, at the commencement of the lease, it is reasonably certain that the lessee will exercise this option.

For the Company’s leases, which are comprised of a lease component and common area maintenance as a non-lease component, the Company determined that (i) the leases are operating leases, (ii) the lease component is the predominant component and (iii) all components of its operating leases share the same timing and pattern of transfer.

Under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company recognizes revenue for the transfer of goods and services to customers for consideration that the Company expects to receive. The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from residential and commercial rental and other lease income, which are accounted for as discussed above, under "Leases". The Company's revenue streams that are not accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, include (i) management, development and other fees, (ii) rental and non-rental related income and (iii) gains or losses on the sale of real estate.

The following table details the Company’s revenue disaggregated by reportable operating segment, further discussed in Note 8, “Segment Reporting,” for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. Segment information for total revenue excludes real estate assets that were sold from January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2022, or otherwise qualify as held for sale as of March 31, 2022, as described in Note 6, "Real Estate Disposition Activities" (dollars in thousands):


	For the three months ended
	Same Store		Other Stabilized		Development/ Redevelopment		Non- allocated (1)		Total
For the period ended March 31, 2022
Management, development and other fees and other ancillary items	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	752	$	752
Rental and non-rental related income (2)	2,060		587		57		—		2,704
Total non-lease revenue (3)	2,060		587		57		752		3,456

Lease income (4)	544,779		45,012		17,461		—		607,252

Total revenue	$	546,839	$	45,599	$	17,518	$	752	$	610,708

For the period ended March 31, 2021
Management, development and other fees and other ancillary items	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	877	$	877
Rental and non-rental related income (2)	1,684		447		47		—		2,178
Total non-lease revenue (3)	1,684		447		47		877		3,055

Lease income (4)	501,509		20,511		7,026		—		529,046

Total revenue	$	503,193	$	20,958	$	7,073	$	877	$	532,101

(2)Amounts include revenue streams related to leasing activities that are not considered components of a lease, including but not limited to, apartment hold fees and application fees, as well as revenue streams not related to leasing activities, including but not limited to, vendor revenue sharing, building advertising, vending and dry cleaning revenue.

The Company assesses the collectability of its lease revenue and receivables on an on-going basis, (i) assessing the probability of receiving all lease amounts due on a lease by lease basis, (ii) reserving all amounts for those leases where collection of substantially all of the remaining lease payments is not probable and (iii) subsequently, will only recognize revenue to the extent cash is received. If the Company determines that collection of the remaining lease payments becomes probable at a future date, the Company will recognize the cumulative revenue that would have been recorded under the original lease agreement.

In addition to the specific reserves recognized under ASC 842, the Company also evaluates its lease receivables for collectability at a portfolio level under ASC 450, Contingencies – Loss Contingencies. The Company recognizes a reserve under ASC 450 when the uncollectible revenue is probable and reasonably estimable. The Company applies this reserve to the population of the Company’s revenue and receivables not specifically addressed as part of the specific ASC 842 reserve.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization designated COVID-19 as a pandemic (the "Pandemic"). While the Company has taken actions in response to the Pandemic, the ultimate impact on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial condition and liquidity will depend on, among other factors, (i) the effect of the Pandemic on the multifamily industry and the general economy, including from measures taken by businesses and the government, such as governmental limitations on multifamily owners' ability to evict residents who are delinquent in the payment of their rent and (ii) consumer and business preferences for living and working arrangements both during and after the Pandemic.