Investments in Real Estate Entities

Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Entities

As of June 30, 2017, the Company had investments in five unconsolidated real estate entities with ownership interest percentages ranging from 20.0% to 31.3%, excluding development joint ventures and joint ventures formed with Equity Residential as part of the Archstone acquisition. The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated real estate entities under the equity method of accounting. The significant accounting policies of the Company's unconsolidated real estate entities are consistent with those of the Company in all material respects.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, AvalonBay Value Added Fund II, L.P. ("Fund II") sold Eaves Gaithersburg, located in Gaithersburg, MD, containing 684 apartment homes, for $117,000,000. The Company's share of the gain in accordance with GAAP for the disposition was $8,697,000, which is reported as a component of equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In conjunction with the disposition of this community during the six months ended June 30, 2017, Fund II repaid $63,200,000 of secured indebtedness at par in advance of its scheduled maturity date.

The Company has an equity interest of 31.3% in Fund II, and upon achievement of a threshold return, the Company has a right to incentive distributions for its promoted interest based on the current returns earned by Fund II, which currently represents 20.0% of further Fund II distributions, which is in addition to its proportionate share of the remaining 80.0% of distributions. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized income of $6,765,000 for its promoted interest, which is reported as a component of equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following is a combined summary of the financial position of the entities accounted for using the equity method discussed above as of the dates presented (dollars in thousands):



	6/30/2017		12/31/2016
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)
Assets:
Real estate, net	$	856,588	$	954,493
Other assets	48,248		49,519
Total assets	$	904,836	$	1,004,012

Liabilities and partners' capital:
Mortgage notes payable, net and credit facility	$	623,708	$	689,573
Other liabilities	14,230		16,537
Partners' capital	266,898		297,902
Total liabilities and partners' capital	$	904,836	$	1,004,012

The following is a combined summary of the operating results of the entities accounted for using the equity method discussed above for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):



	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	6/30/2017			6/30/2016			6/30/2017			6/30/2016
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Rental and other income	$	26,789		$	33,808		$	55,432		$	70,763
Operating and other expenses	(9,914		)	(12,967		)	(21,009		)	(27,137		)
Gain on sale of communities	—			76,934			29,447			180,256
Interest expense, net (1)	(6,600		)	(9,938		)	(13,548		)	(29,938		)
Depreciation expense	(6,795		)	(8,707		)	(14,122		)	(17,947		)
Net income	$	3,480		$	79,130		$	36,200		$	175,997

_____________________________________


(1)	Amounts for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 include charges for prepayment penalties and write-offs of deferred financing costs of $1,480 and $12,321, respectively.

In conjunction with the formation of Fund II and North Point II JV, LP ("AVA North Point"), and the acquisition of Archstone Multifamily Partners AC LP (the "U.S. Fund"), Multifamily Partners AC JV LP (the "AC JV") and Brandywine Apartments of Maryland, LLC ("Brandywine"), the Company incurred costs in excess of its equity in the underlying net assets of the respective investments. These costs represent $36,789,000 and $38,015,000 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, of the Company's respective investment balances. These amounts are being amortized over the lives of the underlying assets as a component of equity in income of unconsolidated entities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company acquired a parcel of land for an investment of $19,200,000 from Sudbury Development, LLC (“Sudbury”), a joint venture in which the Company has a 60.0% ownership interest. The Company has a continuing involvement with Sudbury, formed to pursue entitlements and conduct pre-development activity for a mixed-used development project, while the venture completes the planned infrastructure and site work.

Investments in Consolidated Real Estate Entities

In conjunction with the development of Avalon Brooklyn Bay, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement to construct a mixed-use building that will contain rental apartments, for-sale residential condominium units and related common elements. The Company owns a 70.0% interest in the venture and will have all of the rights and obligations associated with the rental apartments, and the venture partner owns the remaining 30.0% interest and will have all of the rights and obligations associated with the for-sale residential condominium units. The Company is responsible for the development and construction of the structure, and is providing a loan to the venture partner for the venture partner's share of costs. As of June 30, 2017, the Company has a receivable from the venture partner in the form of a variable rate mortgage note, secured by the for-sale residential condominium units under construction, in the amount of $38,310,000 for outstanding principal and interest, reported as a component of prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest income on the accrual basis. The loan will be repaid by the venture partner with the proceeds the partner receives from the sales of the residential condominium units which are expected to occur during 2018. The venture is considered a VIE, and the Company consolidates its interest in the rental apartments and common areas.

Expensed Acquisition, Development and Other Pursuit Costs and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company capitalizes pre-development costs incurred in pursuit of new development opportunities for which the Company currently believes future development is probable ("Development Rights"). Future development of these Development Rights is dependent upon various factors, including zoning and regulatory approval, rental market conditions, construction costs and the availability of capital. Initial pre-development costs incurred for pursuits for which future development is not yet considered probable are expensed as incurred. In addition, if the status of a Development Right changes, making future development by the Company no longer probable, any capitalized pre-development costs are expensed. The Company expensed costs related to the abandonment of Development Rights as well as costs incurred in pursuing the acquisition of assets or costs incurred pursuing the disposition of assets for which such acquisition and disposition activity did not occur, in the amounts of $570,000 and $606,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1,298,000 and $1,352,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These costs are included in expensed acquisition, development and other pursuit costs, net of recoveries on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Abandoned pursuit costs can vary greatly, and the costs incurred in any given period may be significantly different in future periods.

The Company evaluates its real estate and other long-lived assets for impairment when potential indicators of impairment exist. Such assets are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, unless the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a property or long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the Company assesses its recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the property or long-lived asset to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount exceeds the aggregate undiscounted future cash flows, the Company recognizes an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the property or long-lived asset. Based on periodic tests of recoverability of long-lived assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not recognize any impairment losses for wholly-owned operating real estate assets.

The Company assesses its portfolio of land held for both development and investment for impairment if the intent of the Company changes with respect to either the development of, or the expected holding period for, the land. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $9,350,000 relating to a land parcel which the Company had acquired for development in 2004, which was classified as held for sale as of June 30, 2017. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recognized $4,000,000 and $10,500,000, respectively, of aggregate impairment charges related to one and three ancillary land parcels, respectively. These charges were determined as the excess of the Company's carrying basis over the expected sales price for each parcel, and these charges are included in casualty and impairment (gain) loss, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The Company evaluates its unconsolidated investments for other than temporary impairment, considering both the extent and amount by which the carrying value of the investment exceeds the fair value, and the Company's intent and ability to hold the investment to recover its carrying value. The Company also evaluates its proportionate share of any impairment of assets held by unconsolidated investments. There were no other than temporary impairment losses recognized by any of the Company's investments in unconsolidated real estate entities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Casualty Gains and Losses

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a casualty loss of $19,481,000 composed of a charge of $16,361,000 to write-off the net book value of the fixed assets destroyed in the Maplewood casualty loss, and demolition and additional incident expenses of $3,120,000. The casualty loss was partially offset by $17,143,000 of expected third-party property damage insurance proceeds, of which $1,647,000 and $6,192,000 were received during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The receivable for the remaining $10,951,000 of expected property damage insurance proceeds as of June 30, 2017 is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net casualty loss of $2,338,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is included in casualty and impairment (gain) loss, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. See discussion in Note 1, "Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, Legal and Other Contingencies," for further discussion of the Maplewood casualty loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company reached a final insurance settlement for the property damage and lost income for the Edgewater casualty loss. In 2015 and 2016, the Company received aggregate insurance proceeds for Edgewater of $73,150,000, after self-insurance and deductibles. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company received the final $29,008,000 of insurance proceeds, of which $8,702,000 was recognized as casualty and impairment (gain) loss, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, and $20,306,000 as business interruption insurance proceeds, which is recorded as a component of rental and other income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. See discussion in Note 1, "Organization, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, Legal and Other Contingencies," and Part II, Item 1, "Legal Proceedings," for further discussion of the Edgewater casualty loss.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded a net casualty gain of $5,732,000 related to the severe winter storms that occurred in the Company’s Northeast markets in 2015, which is comprised of $8,493,000 in third-party insurance proceeds received, partially offset by incremental costs of $2,761,000. These amounts are included in casualty and impairment (gain) loss, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.