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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Income Tax Provision
The Company's income tax provision for quarterly interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate calculated separately from the effect of significant, infrequent, or unusual items. The total income tax provision, including discontinued operations, was a tax benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2019, compared to an income tax benefit of $3.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The current fiscal year income tax benefit was substantially driven by (1) the completion of work necessary to claim an additional $0.7 million in tax credits related to prior fiscal years (2) the discrete impact related to stock-based compensation expense as a result of current period activity; partially offset by (3) income from continuing operations. The tax benefit for the three months ended December 31, 2018 was primarily driven by (1) the completion of work necessary to claim an additional $5.3 million in tax credits related to prior fiscal years; partially offset by (2) income from continuing operations; and (3) the discrete impact related to our stock-based compensation expense.
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
As of December 31, 2019, the net deferred tax asset is comprised of various tax attributes that include $4.6 million of minimum tax credit carryforwards. Beginning in our fiscal 2019, the Company started making cash refund claims for significant portions of these credits due to the elimination of the alternative minimum tax in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
The Company continues to evaluate its deferred tax assets each period to determine if a valuation allowance is required based on whether it is more likely than not that some portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2019, management concluded that it is more likely than not that a substantial portion of our deferred tax assets will be realized. As part of our analysis, we considered both positive and negative factors that impact profitability and whether those factors would lead to a change in the estimate of our deferred tax assets that may be realized in the future. Our conclusions on the valuation allowance and Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitations related to our deferred tax assets remain consistent with the determinations we made during the period ended September 30, 2019, and such conclusions are based on similar company specific and industry factors to those discussed in Note 13 to the audited consolidated financial statements within our 2019 Annual Report.