Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

As of the dates presented, we had assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets that were required to be measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. We use a fair value hierarchy that requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value as follows:


•	Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;


•	Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly through corroboration with market data; and


•	Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that reflect our own estimates about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of our deferred compensation plan assets is based on market-corroborated inputs (Level 2).

Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recovered. We review our long-lived assets, including inventory, for recoverability when factors indicate an impairment may exist, but no less than quarterly. Fair value on assets deemed to be impaired is determined based upon the type of asset being evaluated. Fair value of our owned inventory assets, when required to be calculated, is further discussed within Notes 2 and 5. The fair value of our investments in unconsolidated entities is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model to value the underlying net assets of the respective entities. Due to the substantial use of unobservable inputs in valuing the assets on a non-recurring basis, they are classified within Level 3.

During the three months ended December 31, 2018, we recorded impairments of $1.0 million on projects in process compared to $0.5 million of impairments for land held for sale during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

Determining within which hierarchical level an asset or liability falls requires significant judgment. We evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter.

The following table presents the period-end balances of our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the impairment-date fair value of certain assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for each hierarchy level. These balances represent only those assets whose carrying values were adjusted to fair value during the periods presented:



in thousands	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
As of December 31, 2018
Deferred compensation plan assets ^(a)	$	—	$	1,760	$	—	$	1,760
Development projects in progress ^(b)	—		—		1,605		1,605
As of September 30, 2018
Deferred compensation plan assets ^(a)	$	—	$	1,578	$	—	$	1,578
Development projects in progress ^(b)	—		—		1,312		1,312
Land held for sale ^(b)	—		—		1,724		1,724
Unconsolidated entity investments ^(b)	—		—		80		80

^(a)Measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

^(b)Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, including the capitalized interest and indirects related to the asset.

The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, other liabilities, amounts due under the Facility (if outstanding), and other secured notes payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the short maturity of these assets and liabilities. When outstanding, obligations related to land not owned under option agreements approximate fair value.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of certain of our other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018:



	As of December 31, 2018				As of September 30, 2018
in thousands	Carrying Amount ^(a)		Fair Value		Carrying Amount ^(a)		Fair Value
Senior Notes ^(b)	$	1,163,630	$	1,048,346	$	1,163,138	$	1,096,214
Junior Subordinated Notes	64,520		64,520		64,003		64,003
Total	$	1,228,150	$	1,112,866	$	1,227,141	$	1,160,217

^(a)Carrying amounts are net of unamortized debt premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or accretion.

^(b) The estimated fair value for our publicly-held Senior Notes has been determined using quoted market rates (Level 2).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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