Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), and present the consolidated financial position, income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows of Beazer Homes USA, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Our net loss is equivalent to our comprehensive loss, so we have not presented a separate statement of comprehensive loss.

In the past, we have discontinued homebuilding operations in various markets. Results from certain of these exited markets are reported as discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented (see Note 20 for a further discussion of our discontinued operations).

Our fiscal year 2018 began on October 1, 2017 and ended on September 30, 2018. Our fiscal year 2017 began on October 1, 2016 and ended on September 30, 2017. Our fiscal year 2016 began on October 1, 2015 and ended on September 30, 2016.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make informed estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Accordingly, actual results could differ from these estimates.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for acquisitions in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations, by allocating the purchase price of the business to the various assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill, are recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded in our results of operations in the reporting period such adjustments are made. Significant judgment is often required in estimating the fair value of assets acquired, particularly inventory and intangible assets. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience, information obtained from the management of the acquired companies, and the Company’s judgment about the significant assumptions that market participants would use when determining fair value.

On July 13, 2018, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets, operations, and certain assumed liabilities of Venture Homes ("Venture"), a leading private homebuilder in the Atlanta market, for a purchase price of $60.6 million, net of cash acquired. As of September 30, 2018, $57.3 million of the purchase price had been paid, net of cash acquired, with the remaining $3.3 million due during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The acquired assets consisted of more than 1,100 total owned or controlled lots within 27 single-family communities in the greater Atlanta metropolitan area. The acquired lots included a backlog of 48 homes and 6 model homes. The acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values and resulted in inventory of $56.0 million, goodwill and other intangible assets of $9.8 million, and other assets of $0.6 million as well as accounts payable of $5.5 million and other liabilities of $0.2 million. The acquisition of Venture Homes was not material to our results of operations or financial condition.

The purchase price accounting reflected above is preliminary and is based on estimates and assumptions that are subject to change within the measurement period, which is generally up to one year from the acquisition date pursuant to ASC 805. The purchase price allocation of Venture Homes is provisional pending completion of the fair value analysis of acquired assets and assumed liabilities.

Acquired inventories consisted of both acquired land and work in process inventories. We determined the estimate of fair value for acquired land inventory with the assistance of a third-party appraiser using, as applicable, a discounted cash flow approach for the development, marketing, and sale of each community acquired and a market approach based on comparable sales of finished lots. Significant valuation assumptions included future per lot land development, direct construction, and overhead costs as well as average sales prices and absorption rates. We estimated the fair value of acquired work in process inventories based upon the stage of production of each unit and a gross margin that we believe a market participant would require to complete development and selling activities. As of the acquisition date, the stage of production ranged from recently started lots to fully completed single family residences.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

We consider highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2018, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents were invested in highly marketable securities, or were on deposit with major banks. These assets were valued at par and had no withdrawal restrictions. The underlying investments of these funds were U.S. Government and U.S. Government Agency obligations or high-quality marketable securities. Restricted cash includes cash restricted by state law or a contractual requirement, including cash collateral for our outstanding cash-secured letters of credit (refer to Note 8).

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable include escrow deposits to be received from title companies associated with closed homes, receivables from municipalities related to the development of utilities or other infrastructure, insurance recovery receivables, rebates to be received from our suppliers and other miscellaneous receivables. Generally, we receive cash from title companies within a few days of the home being closed. We regularly review our receivable balances for collectiblity and record an allowance against any receivable for which collectiblity is deemed to be uncertain.

Inventory

Owned inventory consists solely of residential real estate developments. Interest, real estate taxes and development costs are capitalized in inventory during the development and construction period. Construction and land costs are comprised of direct and allocated costs, such as for amenities and estimated costs for future warranties. Land, land improvements and other common costs are typically allocated to individual residential lots on a pro-rata basis, and the costs of residential lots are transferred to homes under construction when home construction begins. Land not owned under option agreements, if outstanding, represents the value of land under option agreements with a variable interest entity (VIE) where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. VIEs are entities in which (1) equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest and/or (2) the entity is unable to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties (refer to section below entitled “Land Not Owned Under Option Agreements” for a further discussion of VIEs). In addition, when our deposits and pre-acquisition development costs exceed certain thresholds, we record the remaining purchase price of the lots as consolidated inventory not owned and obligations related to consolidated inventory not owned on our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion and detail of our inventory balance.

Inventory Valuation - Projects in Progress

Our homebuilding inventories that are accounted for as held for development (projects in progress) include land and home construction assets grouped together as communities. Homebuilding inventories held for development are stated at cost (including direct construction costs, capitalized indirect costs, capitalized interest and real estate taxes) unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We assess these assets no less than quarterly for recoverability. Generally, upon the commencement of land development activities, it may take three to five years (depending on, among other things, the size of the community and its sales pace) to fully develop, sell, construct and close all the homes in a typical community. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the expected undiscounted cash flows generated are expected to be less than its carrying amount, an impairment charge is recorded to write down the carrying amount of such asset to its estimated fair value based on discounted cash flows.

When conducting our community level review for the recoverability of our homebuilding inventory related to projects in progress, we establish a quarterly “watch list” of communities that carry profit margins in backlog or in our forecast that are below a minimum threshold of profitability, as well as recent closings that have gross margins less than a specified threshold. In our experience, this threshold represents a level of profitability that may be an indicator of conditions that would require an asset impairment, but does not necessitate that such an impairment is warranted without additional analysis. Each community is first evaluated qualitatively to determine if there are temporary factors driving the low profitability levels. Following our qualitative evaluation, communities with more than ten homes remaining to close are subjected to substantial additional financial and operational analyses and review that consider the competitive environment and other factors contributing to profit margins below our watch list threshold. For communities where the current competitive and market dynamics indicate that these factors may be other than temporary, which may call into question the recoverability of our investment, a formal impairment analysis is performed. The formal impairment analysis consists of both qualitative competitive market analyses and a quantitative analysis reflecting market and asset specific information.

Our qualitative competitive market analyses include site visits to new home communities of our competitors and written community-level competitive assessments. A competitive assessment consists of a comparison of our specific community with its competitor communities, considering square footage of homes offered, amenities offered within the homes and the communities, location, transportation availability and school districts, among other relevant attributes. In addition, we review the pace of monthly home sales of our competitor communities in relation to our specific community. We also review other factors, such as the target buyer and the macro-economic characteristics that impact the performance of our asset, including unemployment and the availability of mortgage financing, among other things. Based on this qualitative competitive market analysis, adjustments to our sales prices may be required in order to make our communities competitive. We incorporate these adjusted prices in our quantitative analysis for the specific community.

The quantitative analyses compare the projected future undiscounted cash flows for each such community with its current carrying value. This undiscounted cash flow analysis requires important assumptions regarding the location and mix of house plans to be sold, current and future home sale prices and incentives for each plan, current and future construction costs for each plan and the pace of monthly sales to occur today and into the future.

There is uncertainty associated with preparing the undiscounted cash flow analyses because future market conditions will almost certainly be different, either better or worse, than current conditions. The single most important input to the cash flow analysis is current and future home sales prices for a specific community. The risk of over or under-stating any of the important cash flow variables, including home prices, is greater with longer-lived communities and within markets that have historically experienced greater home price volatility. In an effort to address these risks, we consider some home price and construction cost appreciation in future years for certain communities that are expected to be selling for more than three years and/or if the market has typically exhibited high levels of price volatility. Absent these assumptions on cost and sales price appreciation, we believe the long-term cash flow analysis would be unrealistic and would serve to artificially improve expected future profitability. Finally, we also ensure that the monthly sales absorptions, including historical seasonal differences of our communities and those of our competitors, used in our undiscounted cash flow analyses are realistic, consider our development schedules and relate to those achieved by our competitors for the specific communities.

If the aggregate undiscounted cash flows from our quantitative analyses are in excess of the carrying value, the asset is considered to be recoverable and is not impaired. If the aggregate undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying or book value, we perform a discounted cash flow analysis to determine the fair value of the community. The fair value of the community is estimated using the present value of the estimated future cash flows using discount rates commensurate with the risk associated with the underlying community assets. The discount rate used may be different for each community. The factors considered when determining an appropriate discount rate for a community include, among others: (1) community specific factors such as the number of lots in the community, the status of land development in the community and the competitive factors influencing the sales performance of the community and (2) overall market factors such as employment levels, consumer confidence and the existing supply of new and used homes for sale. If the determined fair value is less than the carrying value of the specific asset, the asset is considered not recoverable and is written down to its fair value. The carrying value of assets in communities that were previously impaired and continue to be classified as projects in progress is not increased for future estimates of increases in fair value in future reporting periods. However, market deterioration that exceeds our initial estimates may lead us to incur impairment charges on previously impaired homebuilding assets, in addition to homebuilding assets not currently impaired but for which indicators of impairment may arise if markets deteriorate.

Asset Valuation - Land Held for Future Development

For those communities that have been idled (land held for future development), all applicable carrying costs, such as interest and real estate taxes, are expensed as incurred, and the inventory is stated at cost unless facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable, such as the future enactment of a development plan or the occurrence of outside events. We evaluate the potential plans for each community in land held for future development if changes in facts and circumstances occur that would give rise to a more detailed analysis for a change in the status of a community.

Asset Valuation - Land Held for Sale

We record assets held for sale at the lower of the asset's carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. The following criteria are used to determine if land is held for sale:

•management has the authority and commits to a plan to sell the land;

•the land is available for immediate sale in its present condition;

•there is an active program to locate a buyer and the plan to sell the property has been initiated;

•the sale of the land is probable within one year;

•the property is being actively marketed at a reasonable sale price relative to its current fair value; and

•it is unlikely that the plan to sell will be withdrawn or that significant changes to the plan will be made.

Additionally, in certain circumstances, such as a change in strategy, management will re-evaluate the best use of an asset that is currently being accounted for as held for development. In such instances, management will review, among other things, the current and projected competitive circumstances of the community, including the level of supply of new and used inventory, the level of sales absorptions by us and our competition, the level of sales incentives required and the number of owned lots remaining in the community. If, based on this review, we believe that the best use of the asset is the sale of all or a portion of the asset in its current condition, then all or portions of the community are accounted for as held for sale if the foregoing criteria have been met as of the end of the applicable reporting period.

In determining the fair value of the assets less cost to sell, we consider factors including current sales prices for comparable assets in the area, recent market analysis studies, appraisals, any recent legitimate offers and listing prices of similar properties. If the estimated fair value less cost to sell of an asset is less than its current carrying value, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value less cost to sell.

Land Not Owned Under Option Agreements

In addition to purchasing land directly, we utilize lot option agreements that enable us to defer acquiring portions of properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated entities until we have determined whether to exercise our lot option. The majority of our lot option contracts require a non-refundable cash deposit or irrevocable letter of credit based on a percentage of the purchase price of the land for the right to acquire lots during a specified period of time at a specified price. Purchase of the properties under these agreements is contingent upon satisfaction of certain requirements by us and the sellers. Under lot option contracts, our liability is generally limited to forfeiture of the non-refundable deposits, letters of credit and other non-refundable amounts incurred. If the Company cancels a lot option agreement, it would result in a write-off of the related deposits and pre-acquisition costs, but would not expose the Company to the overall risks or losses of the applicable entity we are purchasing from.

In accordance with GAAP, if the entity holding the land under option is a VIE, the Company's deposit represents a variable interest in that entity. To determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE, we are first required to evaluate whether we have the ability to control the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance. Such activities include, but are not limited to, (1) the ability to determine the budget and scope of land development work, if any; (2) the ability to control financing decisions for the VIE; (3) the ability to acquire additional land into the VIE or dispose of land in the VIE not under contract with Beazer; and (4) the ability to change or amend the existing option contract with the VIE. If we are not determined to control such activities, we are not considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE and thus do not consolidate the VIE. If we do have the ability to control such activities, we will continue our analysis by determining if we are expected to absorb a potentially significant amount of the VIE's losses or, if no party absorbs the majority of such losses, if we will benefit from potentially a significant amount of the VIE's expected gains.

If we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE, we will consolidate the VIE even though creditors of the VIE have no recourse against the Company. For those we consolidate, we record the remaining contractual purchase price under the applicable lot option agreement, net of cash deposits already paid, to land not owned under option agreements with an offsetting increase to obligations related to land not owned under option agreements on our consolidated balance sheets. Also, to reflect the total purchase price of this inventory on a consolidated basis, we present the related option deposits as land not owned under option agreement. Consolidation of these VIEs has no impact on the Company’s statements of operations or cash flows.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We participate in a number of joint ventures and other investments in which we have less than a controlling interest. We enter into the majority of these investments with land developers, other homebuilders and financial partners to acquire attractive land positions, to manage our risk profile and to leverage our capital base. The land positions are developed into finished lots for sale to the unconsolidated entity’s members or other third parties. We recognize our share of equity in income (loss) and profits (losses) from the sale of lots to other buyers. Our share of profits from lots we purchase from the unconsolidated entities is deferred and treated as a reduction of the cost of the land purchased from the unconsolidated entity. Such profits are subsequently recognized at the time the home closes and title passes to the homebuyer. We evaluate our investments in unconsolidated entities for impairment during each reporting period. A series of operating losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that a decrease in the value of our investment in the unconsolidated entity has occurred that is other-than-temporary. The amount of impairment recognized is the excess of the investment’s carrying value over its estimated fair value. Our unconsolidated entities typically obtain secured acquisition, development and construction financing. We account for our interest in unconsolidated entities under the equity method. For additional discussion of these entities, refer to Note 4.

Property and Equipment

Our property and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis based on estimated useful lives as follows:



Asset Class		Useful Lives
Information systems		Lesser of estimated useful life of the asset or 5 years
Furniture, fixtures and computer and office equipment		3 - 7 years
Model and sales office improvements		Lesser of estimated useful life of the asset or estimated life of the community
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets from the businesses that we acquire. Goodwill will be evaluated for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present or changes in circumstances suggest that impairment may exist. For reporting units with goodwill, we assess goodwill for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit to its estimated fair value. The Company's entire goodwill balance as of September 30, 2018 is related to the Venture acquisition and resides within our Southeast reportable segment.

Other Assets

Our other assets principally include prepaid expenses and assets related to our deferred compensation plan (refer to Note 15 for a discussion of our deferred compensation plan).

Other Liabilities

Our other liabilities principally include accrued warranty expense, accrued interest on our outstanding borrowings, customer deposits, income tax liabilities and other accruals related to our operations. Refer to Note 12 for a detail of our other liabilities.

Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes is comprised of taxes that are currently payable and deferred taxes that relate to temporary differences between financial reporting carrying values and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from deductible or taxable amounts in future years when such assets and liabilities are recovered or settled, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. We include any estimated interest and penalties on tax related matters in income taxes payable. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition of measurement are recorded in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

For a discussion of our evaluation of and accounting for valuation allowances, refer to Note 13.

Revenue Recognition and Classification of Costs

Revenue and related profit are recognized by us at the time of the closing of a sale, when title to and possession of the property, as well as risk of loss, are transferred to the buyer.

Sales discounts and incentives include items such as cash discounts, discounts on options included in the home, option upgrades (such as upgrades for cabinetry, countertops and flooring) and seller-paid financing or closing costs. In addition, from time to time, we may also provide homebuyers with retail gift certificates and/or other nominal retail merchandise. All sales incentives other than cash discounts are recognized as a cost of selling the home and are included in home construction expense in our consolidated statements of operations. Cash discounts are accounted for as a reduction in the sales price of the home, thereby decreasing the amount of revenue we recognize on that closing.

Estimated future warranty costs are charged to home construction expense in the period when the revenues from home closings are recognized. Such estimated warranty costs generally range from 0.3% to 1.3% of total revenue recognized for each home closed. Additional warranty costs are charged to home construction expense as necessary based on management's estimate of the costs to remediate existing claims. See Note 9 for a more detailed discussion of warranty costs and related reserves.

Advertising costs related to continuing operations of $17.6 million, $17.5 million, and $19.2 million for our fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, were expensed as incurred and were included in general and administrative (G&A) expenses.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis; the fair value of our deferred compensation plan assets are based on market-corroborated inputs (level 2). Certain of our assets are required to be recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis when events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recovered (level 3). For example, we review our long-lived assets, including inventory, for recoverability when factors indicate an impairment may exist, but no less than quarterly. Fair value is based on estimated cash flows discounted for market risks associated with the long-lived assets. The fair value of certain of our financial instruments approximates their carrying amounts due to the short maturity of these assets and liabilities or the variable interest rates on such obligations. The fair value of our publicly-held debt is generally estimated based on quoted bid prices for these instruments (level 2). Certain of our other financial instruments are estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through maturity or using market rates currently being offered on loans with similar terms and credit quality. The fair value of our investments in unconsolidated entities is determined primarily using a discounted cash flow model to value the underlying net assets of the respective entities. See Note 10 for additional discussion of our fair value measurements.

Stock-Based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes model to value our stock option grants. Other stock-based awards with only performance conditions granted to employees are valued based on the market price of the common stock on the date of the grant. Stock-based awards with market conditions granted to employees are valued using the Monte Carlo valuation method. Any portion of our stock-based awards that can be settled in cash is initially valued based on the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant, and is adjusted to fair value until vested and recorded as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. On the date of grant, we estimate forfeitures in calculating the expense related to stock-based compensation. In addition, we reflect the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost as an operating cash outflow. Compensation cost arising from all stock-based compensation awards is recognized as expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period and is included in G&A in our consolidated statements of operations. See Note 16 for additional discussion of our stock-based compensation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 requires entities to recognize revenue at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to upon transferring control of goods or services to a customer, as opposed to when risks and rewards transfer to a customer under the existing revenue recognition guidance. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2015-14”), which delays the effective date of ASU 2014-09 by one year. ASU 2014-09, as amended by ASU 2015-14, is effective for us for fiscal annual and interim periods beginning October 1, 2018, and, at that time, we expect to adopt the new standard under the modified retrospective approach. We have substantially completed our evaluation of the impact of adopting the new revenue standard. Based on our assessment, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 to have a material impact on our financial statements. In addition, we do not expect significant changes to our business processes, systems, or internal controls as a result of adopting the standard.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (ASU 2016-02). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets. The timing and classification of lease-related expenses for lessees will depend on whether a lease is determined to be an operating lease or a finance lease using updated criteria within ASU 2016-02. Operating leases will result in straight-line expense (similar to current operating leases), while finance leases will result in a front-loaded expense pattern (similar to current capital leases). Regardless of lease type, the lessee will recognize a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the identified asset during the lease term, and a related lease liability, representing the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Lessor accounting will be largely similar to that under the current lease accounting rules. ASU 2016-02 also requires significantly enhanced disclosures around an entity's leases and the related accounting. The guidance within ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning October 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases - Targeted Improvements (ASU 2018-11), which provides an optional transition method to apply the requirements of the new lease standard through a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption. The Company expects to adopt the standard on October 1, 2019 using the optional transition method. We continue to evaluate the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements. However, a large majority of our leases are for office space, which we have determined will be treated as operating leases under ASU 2016-02. As such, we anticipate recording a right-of-use asset and related lease liability for these leases, but we do not expect our expense recognition pattern to change. Therefore, we do not anticipate any significant change to our statements of operations or cash flows as a result of adopting ASU 2016-02.

Business Combinations. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASU 2017-01). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the framework for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities meets the definition of a business. The revised framework establishes a screen for determining whether an integrated set of assets and activities is a business and narrows the definition of a business, which is expected to result in fewer transactions being accounted for as business combinations. Acquisitions of integrated sets of assets and activities that do not meet the definition of a business are accounted for as asset acquisitions. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for transactions that have not been reported in previously issued financial statements. The Company early adopted this guidance as of December 31, 2017 and applied it to applicable transactions occurring during this period.

Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. This change will allow an entity to avoid calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination, thus reducing the cost and complexity of evaluating goodwill for impairment. This amendment is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and applied prospectively. We do not believe the adoption of ASU 2017-04 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

Income Taxes. In December 2017, the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company's accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements and should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. The Company adopted the guidance of SAB 118 as of December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, we have completed our analysis of the impacts of the Tax Act under SAB 118 with immaterial differences to our provisional amounts previously recorded. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on the Tax Act and the impact to our financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework (ASU 2018-13). The updated guidance improves the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The updated guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting the updated provisions.

Internal Use Software. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (ASU 2018-15). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This new guidance will be effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the new guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.