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Fair Value Measurements
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements
5. Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with GAAP, Key measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market of the asset or liability. Additional information regarding our accounting policies for determining fair value is provided in Note 6 (“Fair Value Measurements”) and Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Fair Value Measurements” of our 2023 Form 10-K.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. For more information on the valuation techniques used to measure classes of assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis as well as the classification of each in the valuation hierarchy, refer to Note 6 (“Fair Value Measurements” in our 2023 Form 10-K. The following tables present these assets and liabilities at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Dollars in millions
ASSETS MEASURED ON A RECURRING BASIS
Trading account assets:
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations$— $771 $— $771 $— $685 $— $685 
States and political subdivisions— 103 — 103 — 93 — 93 
Other mortgage-backed securities— 284 — 284 — 340 — 340 
Other securities— 10 — 10 — 21 — 21 
Total trading account securities— 1,168 — 1,168 — 1,139 — 1,139 
Commercial loans— 3 — 3 — 3 — 3 
Total trading account assets— 1,171 — 1,171 — 1,142 — 1,142 
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations— 9,142 — 9,142 — 9,026 — 9,026 
Agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations— 15,716 — 15,716 — 15,478 — 15,478 
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities— 3,451 — 3,451 — 3,589 — 3,589 
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities— 8,989 — 8,989 — 9,092 — 9,092 
Other securities— — — — — — — — 
Total securities available for sale— 37,298 — 37,298 — 37,185 — 37,185 
Other investments:
Principal investments:
Direct— — — — — — — — 
Indirect (measured at NAV) (a)
— — — 17 — — — 17 
Total principal investments— — — 17 — — — 17 
Equity investments:
Direct— — 2 2 — — 2 2 
Direct (measured at NAV) (a)
— — — 41 — — — 40 
Indirect (measured at NAV) (a)
— — — 4 — — — 4 
Total equity investments— — 2 47 — — 2 46 
Total other investments— — 2 64 — — 2 63 
Loans, net of unearned income (residential)— — 9 9 — — 9 9 
Loans held for sale (residential)— 73 — 73 — 51 — 51 
Derivative assets:
Interest rate— 122 — 122 — 175 (2)173 
Foreign exchange77 15 — 92 74 15 — 89 
Commodity— 709 — 709 — 721 — 721 
Credit— — — — — — — — 
Other— 4 1 5 — 14 2 16 
Derivative assets77 850 1 928 74 925 — 999 
Netting adjustments (b)
— — — (723)— — — (818)
Total derivative assets77 850 1 205 74 925 — 181 
Total assets on a recurring basis at fair value$77 $39,392 $12 $38,820 $74 $39,303 $11 $38,631 
LIABILITIES MEASURED ON A RECURRING BASIS
Bank notes and other short-term borrowings:
Short positions$21 $625 $— $646 $30 $774 $— $804 
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate— 1,122 — 1,122 — 985 — 985 
Foreign exchange60 14 — 74 58 15 — 73 
Commodity— 686 — 686 — 698 — 698 
Credit— 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 
Other— 4 — 4 — 20 — 20 
Derivative liabilities60 1,827 — 1,887 58 1,719 — 1,777 
Netting adjustments (b)
— — — (495)— — — (473)
Total derivative liabilities60 1,827 — 1,392 58 1,719 — 1,304 
Total liabilities on a recurring basis at fair value$81 $2,452 $— $2,038 $88 $2,493 $— $2,108 
(a)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet.
(b)Netting adjustments represent the amounts recorded to convert our derivative assets and liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. The net basis takes into account the impact of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements that allow us to settle all derivative contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Total derivative assets and liabilities include these netting adjustments.
The following table presents the fair value of our direct and indirect principal investments and related unfunded commitments at March 31, 2024, as well as financial support provided for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023.
   Financial support provided
   Three months ended March 31,
 March 31, 202420242023
Dollars in millions
Fair
Value
Unfunded
Commit-ments		Funded
Commit-ments
Funded
Other
Funded
Commit-ments
Funded
Other
INVESTMENT TYPE
Direct investments$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Indirect investments (measured at NAV) (a)
17 1 — — — — 
Total$17 $1 $— $— $— $— 
(a) Our indirect investments consist of buyout funds, venture capital funds, and fund of funds. These investments are generally not redeemable. Instead, distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying investments of the fund. An investment in any one of these funds typically can be sold only with the approval of the fund’s general partners. At March 31, 2024, no significant liquidation of the underlying investments has been communicated to Key. The purpose of funding our capital commitments to these investments is to allow the funds to make additional follow-on investments and pay fund expenses until the fund dissolves. We, and all other investors in the fund, are obligated to fund the full amount of our respective capital commitments to the fund based on our and their respective ownership percentages, as noted in the applicable Limited Partnership Agreement.

Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table shows the components of the change in the fair values of our Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and March 31, 2023. 
Dollars in millionsBeginning of Period BalanceGains (Losses) Included in Other Comprehensive IncomeGains (Losses) Included in EarningsPurchasesSalesSettlementsTransfers OtherTransfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3End of Period BalanceUnrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Other investments
Equity investments
Direct (a)
2 — — — — — — — — 2 — 
Loans, net of unearned income (residential)9 — — — — — — — — 9 — 
Derivative instruments (b)
Interest rate(2)— (4)
(c)
1 — — — 2 
(d)
3 
(d)
— — 
Credit— — — 
(c)
— — — — —   —   — — 
Other (e)
2 — — 
(c)
— — — (1)— — 1 — 
Dollars in millionsBeginning of Period BalanceGains (Losses) Included in Other Comprehensive IncomeGains (Losses) Included in EarningsPurchasesSalesSettlementsTransfers OtherTransfers into Level 3Transfers out of Level 3End of Period BalanceUnrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Earnings
Three months ended March 31, 2023
Other investments
Principal investments
Direct (a)
$1 $— $— $— $— $— $— $—   $—   $1 $— 
Equity investments
Direct (a)
2 — — — — — — — 2 — 
Loans, net of unearned income (residential)9 — — — — — — — — 9 — 
Derivative instruments (b)
Interest rate2 — 6 
(c)
18 (1)— — (8)
(d) 
(4)
(d) 
13 — 
Credit(2)— 1 
(c)
— — — — —   — 
  
(1)— 
Other (e)
— — — 
(c)
— — — 1 — — 1 — 
(a)Realized and unrealized gains and losses on principal investments and other equity investments are reported in “other income” on the income statement.
(b)Amounts represent Level 3 derivative assets less Level 3 derivative liabilities.
(c)Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments are reported in “corporate services income” and “other income” on the income statement.
(d)Certain instruments previously classified as Level 2 were transferred to Level 3 because Level 3 unobservable inputs became significant. Certain derivatives previously classified as Level 3 were transferred to Level 2 because Level 3 unobservable inputs became less significant.
(e)Amounts represent Level 3 interest rate lock commitments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. The adjustments to fair value generally result from the application of accounting guidance that requires assets and liabilities to be recorded at the lower of cost or fair value, or assessed for impairment. For more information on the valuation techniques used to measure classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, refer to Note 6 (“Fair Value Measurements”) in our 2023 Form 10-K. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.
The following table presents our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:
 March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Dollars in millionsLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
ASSETS MEASURED ON A NONRECURRING BASIS
Collateral-dependent loans$— $— $207 $207 $— $— $104 $104 
Accrued income and other assets— — 25 25 — — 29 29 
Total assets on a nonrecurring basis at fair value$— $— $232 $232 $— $— $133 $133 

We have other investments in equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values and do not qualify for the practical expedient to measure the investment using a net asset value per share. We have elected to measure these securities at cost less impairment plus or minus adjustments due to observable orderly transactions. Impairment is recorded when there is evidence that the expected fair value of the investment has declined to below the recorded cost. At each reporting period, we assess if these investments continue to qualify for this measurement alternative. At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of equity investments under this method was $359 million and $339 million, respectively. No adjustments or impairments were recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The range and weighted-average of the significant unobservable inputs used to fair value our material Level 3
recurring and nonrecurring assets at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, along with the valuation
techniques used, are shown in the following table:
Level 3 Asset (Liability) 
Valuation 
Technique
Significant
Unobservable Input
Range (Weighted-Average) (a), (b)
Dollars in millions
March 31, 2024December 31, 2023March 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Recurring    
Loans, net of unearned income (residential)$9 $9 Market comparable pricingComparability factor
62.67 - 89.60% (70.84%)
62.67-89.60% (70.83%)
Derivative instruments:
Interest rate— 2 Discounted cash flowsProbability of default
.02 - 100% (6.90%)
.02 - 100% (5.30%)
Loss given default
0 - 1 (.500)
0 - 1 (.477)
Insignificant level 3 assets, net of liabilities(c)
3 4 
Nonrecurring   
Collateral-dependent loans207 104 Fair value of collateralCredit and liquidity discount
0 - 90.00% (16.00%)
0 - 10.00% (5.00%)
Accrued income and other assets:
OREO and other Level 3 assets (d)
16 21 Appraised valueAppraised valueN/MN/M
(a)The weighted average of significant unobservable inputs is calculated using a weighting relative to fair value.
(b)For significant unobservable inputs with no range, a single figure is reported to denote the single quantitative factor used.
(c)Represents the aggregate amount of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are individually and in the aggregate insignificant. The amount includes certain equity investments and certain financial derivative assets and liabilities.
(d)Excludes $9 million and $8 million pertaining to mortgage servicing assets measured at fair value as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 8 (“Mortgage Servicing Assets”) for significant unobservable inputs pertaining to these assets.
Fair Value Disclosures of Financial Instruments

The Levels in the fair value hierarchy ascribed to our financial instruments and the related carrying amounts at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, are shown in the following tables. Assets and liabilities are further arranged by measurement category.
 March 31, 2024
  Fair Value
Dollars in millions
Carrying
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Measured
at NAV
Netting
Adjustment
 Total
ASSETS (by measurement category)
Fair value - net income
Trading account assets (b)
$1,171 $— $1,171 $— $— $—   $1,171 
Other investments (b)
1,247 — — 1,186 61 —   1,247 
Loans, net of unearned income (residential) (d)
9 — — 9 — —   9 
Loans held for sale (residential) (b)
73 — 73 — — —   73 
Derivative assets - trading (b)
205 77 842 1 — (715)
(f) 
205 
Fair value - OCI
Securities available for sale (b)
37,298 — 37,298 — — —   37,298 
Derivative assets - hedging (b)(g)
— — 8 — — (8)
(f) 
— 
Amortized cost
Held-to-maturity securities (c)
8,272 — 7,680 — — —   7,680 
Loans, net of unearned income (d)
108,334 — — 103,566 — —   103,566 
Loans held for sale (b)
155 — — 155 — — 155 
Other
Cash and other short-term investments (a)
14,452 14,452 — — — — 14,452 
LIABILITIES (by measurement category)
Fair value - net income
Derivative liabilities - trading (b)
$1,392 $60 $1,824 $— $— $(492)
(f) 
$1,392 
Fair value - OCI
Derivative liabilities - hedging (b)(g)
— — 3 — — (3)
(f) 
— 
Amortized cost
Time deposits (e)
15,075 — 15,259 — — —   15,259 
Short-term borrowings (a)
2,923 21 2,902 — — —   2,923 
Long-term debt (e)
20,776 12,192 8,041 — — —   20,233 
Other
Deposits with no stated maturity (a)
129,156 — 129,156 — — — 
  
129,156 
December 31, 2023
 Fair Value
Dollars in millions
Carrying
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Measured
at NAV
Netting
Adjustment
 Total
ASSETS (by measurement category)
Fair value - net income
Trading account assets (b)
$1,142 $— $1,142 $— $— $— $1,142 
Other investments (b)
1,244 — — 1,183 61 — 1,244 
Loans, net of unearned income (residential) (d)
9 — — 9 — — 9 
Loans held for sale (residential) (b)
51 — 51 — — — 51 
Derivative assets - trading (b)
168 $74 886 — — (792)
(f) 
168 
Fair value - OCI
Securities available for sale (b)
37,185 — 37,185 — — — 37,185 
Derivative assets - hedging (b)(g)
13 — 39 — — (26)
(f) 
13 
Amortized cost
Held-to-maturity securities (c)
8,575 — 8,056 — — — 8,056 
Loans, net of unearned income (d)
111,089 — — 105,950 — — 105,950 
Loans held for sale (b)
432 — — 432 — — 432 
Other
Cash and other short-term investments (a)
11,758 11,758 — — — — 11,758 
LIABILITIES (by measurement category)
Fair value - net income
Derivative liabilities - trading (b)
$1,304 $58 $1,707 $— $— $(461)
(f) 
$1,304 
Fair value - OCI
Derivative liabilities - hedging (b)(g)
— — 12 — — (12)
(f) 
— 
Amortized cost
Time deposits (e)
14,776 — 14,911 — — — 14,911 
Short-term borrowings (a)
3,091 30 3,061 — — — 3,091 
Long-term debt (e)
19,554 11,288 7,720 — — — 19,008 
Other
Deposits with no stated maturity (a)
130,811 — 130,811 — — — 130,811 
Valuation Methods and Assumptions
(a)Fair value equals or approximates carrying amount. The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity does not take into consideration the value ascribed to core deposit intangibles.
(b)Information pertaining to our methodology for measuring the fair values of these assets and liabilities is included in the sections entitled “Qualitative Disclosures of Valuation Techniques” and “Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis” within our 2023 Form 10-K Note 6 (“Fair Value Measurements”). Investments accounted for under the cost method (or cost less impairment adjusted for observable price changes for certain equity investments) are classified as Level 3 assets. These investments are not actively traded in an open market as sales for these types of investments are rare. The carrying amount of the investments carried at cost are adjusted for declines in value if they are considered to be other-than-temporary (or due to observable orderly transactions of the same issuer for equity investments eligible for the cost less impairment measurement alternative). These adjustments are included in “other income” on the income statement.
(c)Fair values of held-to-maturity securities are determined by using models that are based on security-specific details, as well as relevant industry and economic factors. The most significant of these inputs are quoted market prices, interest rate spreads on relevant benchmark securities, and certain prepayment assumptions. We review the valuations derived from the models to ensure that they are reasonable and consistent with the values placed on similar securities traded in the secondary markets.
(d)The fair value of loans is based on the present value of the expected cash flows. The projected cash flows are based on the contractual terms of the loans, adjusted for prepayments and use of a discount rate based on the relative risk of the cash flows, taking into account the loan type, maturity of the loan, liquidity risk, servicing costs, and a required return on debt and capital. In addition, an incremental liquidity discount is applied to certain loans, using historical sales of loans during periods of similar economic conditions as a benchmark. The fair value of loans includes lease financing receivables at their aggregate carrying amount, which is equivalent to their fair value.
(e)Fair values of time deposits and long-term debt classified as Level 2 are based on discounted cash flows utilizing relevant market inputs.
(f)Netting adjustments represent the amounts recorded to convert our derivative assets and liabilities from a gross basis to a net basis in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. The net basis takes into account the impact of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements that allow us to settle all derivative contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Total derivative assets and liabilities include these netting adjustments.
(g)Derivative assets-hedging and derivative liabilities-hedging includes both cash flow and fair value hedges. Additional information regarding our accounting policies for cash flow and fair value hedges is provided in Note 1 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”) under the heading “Derivatives and Hedging” beginning on page 112 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Discontinued assets — education lending business. Our discontinued assets include government-guaranteed and private education loans originated through our education lending business that was discontinued in September 2009. This portfolio consists of loans recorded at carrying value with appropriate valuation reserves. All of these loans were excluded from the table above as follows:
 
•Loans at carrying value, net of allowance, of $313 million ($235 million at fair value) at March 31, 2024, and $339 million ($264 million at fair value) at December 31, 2023.

These loans and securities are classified as Level 3 because we rely on unobservable inputs when determining fair value since observable market data is not available.