Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Fair Value [Abstract]

Fair Value

5. FAIR VALUE

GAAP guidance regarding fair value measurements address how companies should measure fair value when they are required to use fair value measures for recognition or disclosure purposes under GAAP and provides a common definition of fair value to be used throughout GAAP. It defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly fashion between market participants at the measurement date. In addition, it establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for the disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. The level in the hierarchy within which a given fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement, with Level 1 being the highest priority and Level 3 being the lowest priority.

The levels in the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1Inputs to the valuation methodology are observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market;

Level 2:Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument;

Level 3:Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities are primarily managed by third party investment asset managers. The investment asset managers managing publicly traded securities obtain prices from nationally recognized pricing services. These services seek to utilize market data and observations in their evaluation process. They use pricing applications that vary by asset class and incorporate available market information and when fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis the services will apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings and matrix pricing. In addition, they use model processes, such as the Option Adjusted Spread model to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios for securities that have prepayment features.

The investment asset managers do not make any changes to prices received from either the pricing services or the investment brokers. In addition, the investment asset managers have procedures in place to review the reasonableness of the prices from the service providers and may request verification of the prices. In addition, the Company continually performs analytical reviews of price changes and tests the prices on a random basis to an independent pricing source. No material variances were noted during these price validation procedures. In limited situations, where financial markets are inactive or illiquid, the Company may use its own assumptions about future cash flows and risk-adjusted discount rates to determine fair value. At September 30, 2021, $1,732.3 million of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs. The majority of the fixed maturities, market value, were valued by investment managers’ valuation committees and many of these fair values were substantiated by valuations from independent third parties. The Company has procedures in place to evaluate these independent third party valuations. At December 31, 2020, $1,259.6 million of fixed maturities, market value were fair valued using unobservable inputs.

The Company internally manages a public equity portfolio which had a fair value at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $1,253.9 million and $784.7 million, respectively, and all prices were obtained from publicly published sources.

Equity securities denominated in U.S. currency with quoted prices in active markets for identical assets are categorized as Level 1 since the quoted prices are directly observable. Equity securities traded on foreign exchanges are categorized as Level 2 due to the added input of a foreign exchange conversion rate to determine fair or market value. The Company uses foreign currency exchange rates published by nationally recognized sources.

All categories of fixed maturity securities listed in the tables below are generally categorized as Level 2, since a particular security may not have traded but the pricing services are able to use valuation models with observable market inputs such as interest rate yield curves and prices for similar fixed maturity securities in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. For foreign government securities and foreign corporate securities, the fair values provided by the third party pricing services in local currencies, and where applicable, are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources.

In addition to the valuations from investment managers, some of the fixed maturities with fair values categorized as Level 3 result when prices are not available from the nationally recognized pricing services. The asset managers may obtain non-binding price quotes for the securities from brokers. The single broker quotes are provided by market makers or broker-dealers who are recognized as market participants in the markets in which they are providing the quotes. The prices received from brokers are reviewed for reasonableness by the third party asset managers and the Company. If the broker quotes are for foreign denominated securities, the quotes are converted to U.S. dollars using currency exchange rates from nationally recognized sources. In limited circumstances when broker prices are not available for private placements, the Company will value the securities using comparable market information or receive fair values from investment managers.

The composition and valuation inputs for the presented fixed maturities categories Level 1 and Level 2 are as follows:

 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations are primarily comprised of U.S. Treasury bonds and the fair value is based on observable market inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields;

 Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions are comprised of state and municipal bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 Corporate securities are primarily comprised of U.S. corporate and public utility bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities, benchmark yields and credit spreads;

 Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities fair values are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, reported trades, quoted prices for similar issuances or benchmark yields and cash flow models using observable inputs such as prepayment speeds, collateral performance and default spreads;

 Foreign government securities are comprised of global non-U.S. sovereign bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source;

 Foreign corporate securities are comprised of global non-U.S. corporate bond issuances and the fair values are based on observable market inputs such as quoted market prices, quoted prices for similar securities and models with observable inputs such as benchmark yields and credit spreads and then, where applicable, converted to U.S. dollars using an exchange rate from a nationally recognized source.

Other invested assets, at fair value, were categorized as Level 3 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, since it represented a privately placed convertible preferred stock issued by an affiliate. The stock was received in exchange for shares of the Company’s parent. The 25-year redeemable, convertible preferred stock with a 1.75% coupon is valued using a pricing model. The pricing model includes observable inputs such as the U.S. Treasury yield curve rate T note constant maturity 10 year and the swap rate on the Company’s June 1, 2044, 4.868% senior

notes, with adjustments to reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset.

The following table presents the fair value measurement levels for all assets, which the Company has recorded at fair value (fair and market value) as of the period indicated:

			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2021		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, market value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	624,050	$	-	$	624,050	$	-
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		607,375		-		607,375		-
Corporate securities		3,751,270		-		3,027,877		723,393
Asset-backed securities		3,182,647		-		2,178,578		1,004,069
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		598,383		-		598,383		-
Agency residential		1,015,112		-		1,015,112		-
Non-agency residential		4,976		-		4,976		-
Foreign government securities		713,349		-		713,349		-
Foreign corporate securities		1,400,318		-		1,395,444		4,874
Total fixed maturities, market value		11,897,480		-		10,165,144		1,732,336
Equity securities, fair value		1,488,355		1,451,271		37,084		-
Other invested assets, fair value		1,933,277		-		-		1,933,277

			Fair Value Measurement Using:
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Significant
			Markets for		Other		Significant
			Identical		Observable		Unobservable
			Assets		Inputs		Inputs
(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Fixed maturities, market value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies and corporations	$	681,989	$	-	$	681,989	$	-
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions		577,046		-		577,046		-
Corporate securities		3,449,912		-		2,819,068		630,844
Asset-backed securities		2,474,170		-		1,851,137		623,033
Mortgage-backed securities
Commercial		550,080		-		550,080		-
Agency residential		965,100		-		965,100		-
Non-agency residential		3,164		-		3,164		-
Foreign government securities		742,238		-		742,238		-
Foreign corporate securities		1,199,866		-		1,194,167		5,699
Total fixed maturities, market value		10,643,565		-		9,383,989		1,259,576
Equity securities, fair value		1,288,767		1,222,158		66,609		-
Other invested assets, fair value		1,796,479		-		-		1,796,479

In addition, $266.3 million and $224.7 million of investments within other invested assets on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, are not included within the fair value hierarchy tables as the assets are measured at NAV as a practical expedient to determine fair value.

The following tables present the activity under Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs by asset type, for the periods indicated:

	Total Fixed Maturities, Market Value
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
			Asset								Asset
(Dollars in thousands)	Corporate Securities		Backed Securities		Foreign Corporate		Total		Corporate Securities		Backed Securities		Foreign Corporate		Total
Beginning balance	$	634,923	$	815,276	$	4,886	$	1,455,085	$	630,843	$	623,033	$	5,700	$	1,259,576
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		3,184		(3,292)		33		(75)		(12,366)		(7,254)		173		(19,447)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,311)		(381)		(34)		(1,726)		6,107		4,094		(70)		10,131
Purchases, issuances and settlements		86,597		192,466		(11)		279,052		98,809		384,196		(929)		482,076
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Ending balance	$	723,393	$	1,004,069	$	4,874	$	1,732,336	$	723,393	$	1,004,069	$	4,874	$	1,732,336
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	761	$	(2,764)	$	-	$	(2,003)	$	(16,518)	$	(7,679)	$	-	$	(24,197)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

	Total Fixed Maturities, Market Value
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
			Asset								Asset
(Dollars in thousands)	Corporate Securities		Backed Securities		Foreign Corporate		Total		Corporate Securities		Backed Securities		Foreign Corporate		Total
Beginning balance	$	651,186	$	295,730	$	6,274	$	953,190	$	546,939	$	153,641	$	1,751	$	702,331
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		361		457		26		844		(101)		582		(71)		410
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(992)		5,028		126		4,162		(4,898)		7,238		86		2,426
Purchases, issuances and settlements		(1,349)		103,574		139		102,364		112,061		243,328		3,822		359,211
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		4,189		-		(863)		3,326		(606)		-		114		(492)
Ending balance	$	653,395	$	404,789	$	5,702	$	1,063,886	$	653,395	$	404,789	$	5,702	$	1,063,886
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(539)	$	-	$	-	$	(539)
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The net transfers to/(from) Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs for fixed maturities, market value were $3.3 million and ($0.5) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The net transfers for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were previously priced using a recognized pricing service and were subsequently priced by investment managers as of September 30, 2020. The net transfers for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were previously priced by investment managers and were subsequently priced using a recognized pricing service as of September 30,2020.

	Total Fixed Maturities, Fair Value
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Foreign				Foreign
(Dollars in thousands)	Corporate		Total		Corporate		Total
Beginning balance fixed maturities at fair value	$	4,431	$	4,431	$	5,826	$	5,826
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		1,371		1,371		(24)		(24)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-		-
Purchases, issuances and settlements		(2,054)		(2,054)		(2,054)		(2,054)
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		-		-		-
Ending balance	$	3,748	$	3,748	$	3,748	$	3,748
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The following table presents the activity under Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs by equity securities for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Equity securities
Balance, beginning of period	$	-	$	9,877	$	-	$	-
Total (gains) or losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		-		-		-		-
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-		-
Purchases, issuances and settlements		-		-		-		9,877
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		(9,877)		-		(9,877)
Balance, end of period	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings
(or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized
gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)

The net transfers to/(from) level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs for equity securities, fair value were ($9.9) million for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The transfers of ($9.9) million during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, were related to preferred stock in a private entity purchased during the second quarter of 2020 which was priced at cost as of June 30, 2020 and was subsequently priced based upon the book value of the underlying private entity as of September 30, 2020.

The following table presents the activity under Level 3, fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs by other invested assets, for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other invested assets, fair value:
Beginning balance	$	1,977,109	$	1,786,003	$	1,796,479	$	1,982,582
Total gains or (losses) (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings		(43,832)		15,740		136,798		(180,839)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-		-
Purchases, issuances and settlements		-		-		-		-
Transfers in and/or (out) of Level 3		-		-		-		-
Ending balance	$	1,933,277	$	1,801,743	$	1,933,277	$	1,801,743
The amount of total gains or losses for the period included in earnings (or changes in net assets) attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
(Some amounts may not reconcile due to rounding.)