T

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_______________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number 001-35319

_______________________

Steel Connect, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) 04-2921333 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2000 Midway Ln Smyrna, Tennessee (Address of principal executive offices) 37167 (Zip Code)

(914) 461-1276

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

_______________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	STCN	Nasdaq Capital Market
Rights to Purchase Series D Junior Participating Preferred Stock	--	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of March 1, 2022, there were 60,457,720 shares issued and outstanding of the registrant's Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share.

STEEL CONNECT, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
Part I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	3
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
Part II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5.	Other Information	51
Item 6.	Exhibits	53

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	64,646	$	96,931
Accounts receivable, trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $44 and $49 at January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively	68,971		69,805
Inventories, net	19,428		16,228
Funds held for clients	5,635		8,212
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	19,901		22,222
Total current assets	178,581		213,398
Property and equipment, net	48,964		58,862
Goodwill	231,470		231,470
Other intangible assets, net	106,920		115,005
Operating lease right-of-use assets	50,385		50,836
Other assets	6,364		6,810
Total assets	$	622,684	$	676,381
LIABILITIES, CONTINGENTLY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	57,330	$	55,517
Accrued expenses	104,876		106,871
Funds held for clients	5,635		8,212
Current portion of long-term debt	360,996		5,602
Current lease obligations	12,878		13,690
Other current liabilities	25,594		28,101
Total current liabilities	567,309		217,993
Convertible note payable	10,143		9,343
Long-term debt, excluding current portion	—		358,189
Long-term lease obligations	39,149		38,927
Other long-term liabilities	7,643		10,537
Total long-term liabilities	56,935		416,996
Total liabilities	624,244		634,989
Contingently redeemable preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 35,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021	35,180		35,180
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. 4,965,000 shares authorized at January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021; zero shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Authorized 1,400,000,000 shares; 60,457,720 issued and outstanding shares at January 31, 2022; 63,099,496 issued and outstanding shares at July 31, 2021	605		632
Additional paid-in capital	7,479,073		7,478,638
Accumulated deficit	(7,523,765)		(7,480,220)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	7,347		7,162
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity	(36,740)		6,212
Total liabilities, contingently redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' (deficit) equity	$	622,684	$	676,381

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

4

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net revenue:
Products	$	66,316	$	91,155	$	147,375	$	196,863
Services	54,322		64,892		98,676		129,118
Total net revenue	120,638		156,047		246,051		325,981
Cost of revenue:
Products	63,617		68,740		138,802		149,932
Services	43,421		51,457		78,369		99,731
Total cost of revenue	107,038		120,197		217,171		249,663
Gross profit	13,600		35,850		28,880		76,318
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	23,908		21,810		45,913		48,668
Amortization of intangible assets	3,903		5,359		8,085		11,894
Total operating expenses	27,811		27,169		53,998		60,562
Operating (loss) income	(14,211)		8,681		(25,118)		15,756
Other income (expense):
Interest income	2		—		6		20
Interest expense	(7,980)		(7,825)		(15,775)		(15,648)
Other losses, net	(65)		(2,161)		(546)		(4,180)
Total other expense, net	(8,043)		(9,986)		(16,315)		(19,808)
Loss before income taxes	(22,254)		(1,305)		(41,433)		(4,052)
Income tax expense	723		891		1,038		1,695
Net loss	(22,977)		(2,196)		(42,471)		(5,747)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable preferred stock	(537)		(530)		(1,074)		(1,067)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(23,514)	$	(2,726)	$	(43,545)	$	(6,814)
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.39)	$	(0.04)	$	(0.73)	$	(0.11)
Weighted average common shares used in basic and diluted loss per share	59,748		62,028		60,027		61,961

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

5

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss	$	(22,977)	$	(2,196)	$	(42,471)	$	(5,747)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(13)		2,420		185		5,393
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(13)		2,420		185		5,393
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(22,990)	$	224	$	(42,286)	$	(354)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

6

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Balance at October 31, 2021	60,437,654	$	605	$	7,478,855	$	(7,500,251)	$	7,360	$	(13,431)
Net loss	—	—		—		(22,977)		—		(22,977)
Preferred dividends	—	—		—		(537)		—		(537)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	331	—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants	119,735	1		(1)		—		—		—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(100,000)	(1)		1		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		218		—		—		218
Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		(13)		(13)
Balance at January 31, 2022	60,457,720	$	605	$	7,479,073	$	(7,523,765)	$	7,347	$	(36,740)
	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at October 31, 2020	62,793,969	$	628	$	7,478,238	$	(7,437,788)	$	6,816	$	47,894
Net loss	—	—		—		(2,196)		—		(2,196)
Preferred dividends	—	—		—		(530)		—		(530)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	1,448	—		1		—		—		1
Restricted stock grants	204,897	2		(2)		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		158		—		—		158
Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		2,420		2,420
Balance at January 31, 2021	63,000,314	$	630	$	7,478,395	$	(7,440,514)	$	9,236	$	47,747

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

7

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(unaudited)

	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Balance at July 31, 2021	63,099,496	$	632	$	7,478,638	$	(7,480,220)	$	7,162	$	6,212
Net loss	—	—		—		(42,471)		—		(42,471)
Preferred dividends	—	—		—		(1,074)		—		(1,074)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	499	—		—		—		—		—
Restricted stock grants	207,725	2		(2)		—		—		—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(2,850,000)	(29)		29		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		408		—		—		408
Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		185		185
Balance at January 31, 2022	60,457,720	$	605	$	7,479,073	$	(7,523,765)	$	7,347	$	(36,740)
	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at July 31, 2020	62,787,919	$	628	$	7,478,047	$	(7,433,700)	$	3,843	$	48,818
Net loss	—	—		—		(5,747)		—		(5,747)
Preferred dividends	—	—		—		(1,067)		—		(1,067)
Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plan	8,430	—		4		—		—		4
Restricted stock grants	236,860	2		(2)		—		—		—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(32,895)	—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		346		—		—		346
Other comprehensive items	—	—		—		—		5,393		5,393
Balance at January 31, 2021	63,000,314	$	630	$	7,478,395	$	(7,440,514)	$	9,236	$	47,747

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

8

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(42,471)	$	(5,747)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation	16,340		11,117
Amortization of intangible assets	8,085		11,894
Amortization of deferred financing costs	273		260
Accretion of debt discount	800		605
Impairment of long-lived assets	70		—
Share-based compensation	408		346
Non-cash lease expense	7,015		7,158
Other losses, net	186		5,795
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	1,268		7,143
Inventories, net	(3,380)		1,658
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,319		(4,195)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	1,240		(15,756)
Refundable and accrued income taxes, net	(519)		225
Other assets and liabilities	(14,803)		(15,317)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(23,169)		5,186
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions of property and equipment	(8,152)		(2,160)
Proceeds from the disposition of property and equipment	963		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(7,189)		(2,160)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Long-term debt repayments	(3,000)		(3,000)
Preferred dividend payments	(1,073)		(1,067)
Repayments on capital lease obligations	(36)		(35)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	—		4
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,109)		(4,098)
Net effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(395)		683
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(34,862)		(389)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	105,143		94,642
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	70,281	$	94,253
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	64,646	$	87,649
Funds held for clients, end of period	5,635		6,604
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	70,281	$	94,253

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

9

STEEL CONNECT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

(1)NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Steel Connect, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (the "Company"), operates through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. ("IWCO Direct" or "Direct Marketing") and ModusLink Corporation ("ModusLink" or "Supply Chain").

ModusLink Corporation provides digital and physical supply chain solutions to many of the world's leading brands across a diverse range of industries, including consumer electronics, telecommunications, computing and storage, software and content, consumer packaged goods, medical devices, retail and luxury and connected devices. With a global footprint spanning North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific, the Company's solutions and services are designed to improve end-to-end supply chains in order to drive growth, lower costs, and improve profitability.

IWCO Direct delivers data-driven marketing solutions for its customers. Its full range of services includes strategy, creative and execution for omnichannel marketing campaigns, along with postal logistics programs for direct mail. Through its Mail-Gard® division, IWCO Direct also offers business continuity and disaster recovery services to protect against unexpected business interruptions, along with providing print and mail outsourcing services.

Disposition of IWCO Direct

On February 25, 2022, the Company entered into a transaction agreement (the “Transaction Agreement”) with (a) IWCO Direct and its indirect subsidiaries, (b) Cerberus Business Finance, LLC, in its capacities as collateral agent and administrative agent under a financing agreement (in such capacities, the “Agent”), dated as of December 15, 2017, between IWCO Direct, IWCO Direct’s direct and indirect subsidiaries, the Agent and the lenders party thereto (the “Lenders”) (the “Financing Agreement”), (c) the Lenders, (d) the Lenders or their respective designees listed on the signature pages to the Transaction Agreement under the caption “Participating Lender Purchasers” (the “Participating Lender Purchasers”), (e) SPH Group Holdings LLC (the “Sponsor”) and (f) Instant Web Holdings, LLC (the “Buyer”) , an entity owned by the Participating Lender Purchasers. On the Effective Date (as defined in the Transaction Agreement) and pursuant to the terms of the Transaction Agreement, the Company transferred all of its interests in IWCO Direct to the Buyer as part of a negotiated restructuring of the capital structure and certain financial obligations of IWCO Direct under the Financing Agreement as contemplated by the Transaction Agreement. The Company received no cash consideration for the disposition (the entire transaction being referred to as the “IWCO Direct Disposal”). In addition, as of the Effective Date and subject to the terms and conditions of the Transaction Agreement, the parties entered into certain mutual releases as fully set forth in the Transaction Agreement. In addition, as part of the overall transaction, the Buyer issued a note in the principal amount of $6.9 million payable to the Company as consideration for intercompany obligations owed by IWCO Direct to the Company (the “Subordinated Note”). The Subordinated Note is subordinated to the obligations under the Financing Agreement (including any amendments or other modifications thereto) and matures on the date that is the earlier of (a) the later of (i) August 25, 2027 and (ii) the date that is six months after the maturity of the Financing Agreement, and (b) the date that is six months after repayment in full of the obligations under the Financing Agreement. Due to the subordinated nature of the note and the assessment of collectability, the Company determined the fair value of the

Subordinated Note was zero. The foregoing description of the Transaction Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Transaction Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K dated February 25, 2022.

The Company deconsolidated IWCO Direct as of February 25, 2022 as it no longer held a controlling financial interest as of that date. The Company expects to record a book gain as of disposal date based on the amount of IWCO Direct’s assets and liabilities. In addition, upon the deconsolidation of IWCO Direct, which had an estimated net deferred tax liability balance of $11.6 million, the Company anticipates recording a valuation allowance in the same amount, with a corresponding increase to income tax expense. The Company did not have any amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with IWCO Direct at the time of deconsolidation. As of January 31, 2022, IWCO Direct had assets and liabilities of approximately $469.7 million and $516.3 million, respectively. The results of IWCO Direct will be presented as a discontinued operation in future reporting periods. As of January 31, 2022, IWCO Direct did not have any available borrowing capacity under its Cerberus Credit Facility which was no longer in effect on the date of the IWCO Disposal.

The following table summarizes the Company’s unaudited pro forma financial information for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 as if the IWCO Direct Disposal occurred on August 1, 2020.

10

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2022		Fiscal Year Ended July 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Net revenue	$	98,676	$	226,256
Cost of revenue	$	78,369	$	178,552
Operating income (loss)	$	622	$	(1,569)

The unaudited pro forma information is presented for illustration purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the IWCO Direct Disposal been completed on August 1, 2020, nor is it necessarily indicative of future operating results of the Company.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, the Company has financed its operations and met its capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of its securities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of facilities that were not fully utilized. The Company believes it has access to adequate resources to meet its needs for normal operating costs, capital expenditures and working capital for its existing business for at least twelve months from the date of this filing. As of January 31, 2022, these resources include current cash and cash equivalents, ModusLink's $12.5 million revolving credit facility pursuant to the MidCap Credit Agreement with MidCap Financial Trust ("MidCap"), and cash, if any, provided by operating activities. As of January 31, 2022, ModusLink had readily available borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility with MidCap of $9.2 million. As of and during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2022, ModusLink was in compliance with all financial covenants in the MidCap Credit Agreement.

For more information on the termination of the MidCap credit facility and the entry into the new credit facility with Umpqua Bank, see Note 9.

The MidCap Credit Agreement was unaffected by the deconsolidation of IWCO Direct in February 2022. As of January 31, 2022, IWCO Direct did not have any available borrowing capacity under its Cerberus Credit Facility, which was no longer in effect on the date of the IWCO Direct Disposal.

As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $64.6 million and $96.9 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $388.7 million, which included $361.0 million current portion of the Cerberus Term Loan which was extinguished upon the IWCO Disposal.

Impact of COVID-19

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (in particular, the emergence of new variants of the virus across the globe) has

caused, and continues to cause, significant disruptions in the U.S. and global economies. For example, national and local

governments in the United States and around the world continue to implement measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19

and its variants, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses,

quarantines, curfews, and recommendations to practice physical distancing. Such measures have restricted and continue to restrict individuals’ daily activities and curtail or cease many businesses’ normal operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and is likely to further adversely impact, nearly all aspects of our business and markets, including our workforce and the operations of our clients, suppliers, and business partners. Beginning in March 2020, when the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency, we experienced impacts to our customers' demand, facility operations, supply chain, availability and productivity of personnel, while also working to comply with rapidly evolving international, federal, state and local restrictions and recommendations on travel and workplace health and safety. We experienced disruptions to our business continuity as a result of temporary closures of certain of ModusLink’s facilities in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020, as well as the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021. However, these temporary closures did not have a significant impact on ModusLink’s operations. Recently, an outbreak in Mainland China forced temporary lockdown orders from March 14, 2022 to March 20, 2022 in several cities in which ModusLink operates. We do not expect significant impacts to ModusLink’s operations, and as of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q one facility was shut due to the temporary lockdown and all other ModusLink facilities were operating at or near capacity. We will evaluate further actions if circumstances warrant.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, with the shutdown of the U.S. economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IWCO Direct’s business was also significantly and adversely affected by a material reduction in customer mailing activities. Additionally, although IWCO Direct operated as an essential business, it had reduced operating levels and labor shifts due to lower sales volume during the third quarter of fiscal year 2020.

11

To help combat these impacts and mitigate the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, during fiscal year 2020 we took proactive measures by initiating cost reduction actions, including the waiver of board fees, hiring freezes, staffing and force reductions, company-wide salary reductions, bonus payment deferrals and temporary 401(k) match suspension. The temporary waiver of board fees and company-wide salary reduction actions taken in the prior fiscal year were fully restored prior to the beginning of fiscal year 2021, and the majority of salary reductions were repaid prior to the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2021. Additionally, against the background of the reduction in IWCO’s business, the Company held extensive discussions with Cerberus about amending and extending IWCO Direct’s credit facility with Cerberus under which there was approximately $361.3 million outstanding as of January 31, 2022 that was to mature in December 2022. These discussions ultimately resulted in the IWCO Direct Disposal. For more information, see “Disposition of IWCO Direct” above. We continue our focus on cash management and liquidity, which includes aggressive working capital management.

In addition, we continue to aim to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business and geographies, including its impact on our clients, employees, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels. We believe that such impacts could include, the continued disruption to the demand for our businesses' products and services; disruptions in or closures of our business operations or those of our customers or suppliers; the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital; increased costs and delays in payments of outstanding receivables beyond normal payment terms; supply chain disruptions; uncertain demand; and the effect of any initiatives or programs that we may undertake to address financial and operational challenges faced by our customers. Despite indications of economic recovery, the severity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business in the fiscal year ending July 31, 2022 and beyond is difficult to predict and will depend on a number of uncertain factors and trends. Such factors and trends include, but not limited to: the duration and severity of the virus and its current variants; the emergence of new variant strains; the availability and widespread use of vaccines; the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital; the extent and severity of the impact on our customers and suppliers; and U.S. and foreign government actions that have been taken, or may be taken in the future, to mitigate adverse economic or other impacts or to mitigate the spread of the virus and its variants. The Company continues to monitor for any developments or updates to COVID-19 guidelines from public health and governmental authorities, as well as the protection of the health and safety of its personnel, and is continuously working to ensure that its health and safety protocols, business continuity plans and crisis management protocols are in place to help mitigate any negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s employees, business or operations.

Steel Holdings Expression of Interest

On November 19, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") received a preliminary, non-binding expression of interest (the "Expression of Interest") from Steel Partners Holdings L.P. ("Steel Holdings") to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock not already owned by Steel Holdings or its affiliates for a combination of cash and Steel Holdings 6% Series A Preferred Units, which would imply a value per share of common stock in the range of $0.65 to $0.72 per share. The Board has established a special committee comprised solely of independent directors (the "Acquisition Proposal Special Committee") authorized to retain independent legal and financial advisors and to review, evaluate, negotiate and approve or disapprove the Expression of Interest, and to explore alternative strategies or transactions. The Acquisition Proposal Special Committee announced on January 11, 2021 that it had retained financial advisors and legal counsel. As set forth in the Expression of Interest, the proposed transaction will be subject to the approval of the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee, as well as a non-waivable condition requiring approval of a majority of the shares outstanding of the Company not owned by Steel Holdings and its affiliates and related parties. The Board resolutions establishing the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee expressly provide that the Board will not approve the proposed transaction contemplated by the Expression of Interest or any alternative thereto without a prior favorable recommendation by the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee.

The Board has only received a expression of interest, which it continues to negotiate with Steel Holdings. The expression of interest under negotiation does not constitute a definitive offer capable of acceptance, and may be withdrawn at any time and in any manner. There can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made, that any agreement will be executed or that the transaction proposed in the Expression of Interest or any other transaction will be approved or completed. The Company is not obligated to disclose any further developments or updates on the progress of the proposed transaction until either the Company enters into a definitive agreement or the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee determines no such transaction will be approved.

(2)BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of a normal recurring nature) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and

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related notes for the year ended July 31, 2021 (Fiscal Year 2021), which are contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2021, as amended on November 30, 2021 (the "2021 Annual Report'). The results for the six months ended January 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before the issuance of financial statements to provide additional evidence relative to certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. For the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date these financial statements were filed.

Reclassification

On the statement of cash flows for the six months ended January 31, 2021, the Company reclassified the non-cash portion of lease expense which totaled $7.2 million from Other Assets and Liabilities to Non-cash Lease Expense. This reclassification was made to the prior year balances to conform with current reporting and had no impact on net loss or stockholder’s equity.

(3)RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which amends the existing guidance relating to the accounting for income taxes. This ASU is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles of accounting for income taxes and to improve the consistent application of U.S. GAAP for other areas of accounting for income taxes by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The new guidance was effective for the Company's first quarter of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2022 (Fiscal Year 2022). The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Accounting Standards Issued and Not Yet Implemented

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Loses on Financial Instruments, an ASU that requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial instruments, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The ASU will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2024 on a modified retrospective basis, which requires a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which is intended to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate, known as LIBOR, or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. This optional guidance is effective beginning on March 12, 2020, and the Company may elect to apply the amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The amendment in this update simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by reducing the number of accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. This update also amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity's own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions and requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share. The update also requires entities to provide expanded disclosures about the terms and features of convertible instruments, how the instruments have been reported in the entity's financial statements and information about events, conditions and circumstances that can affect the assessment of the amount or timing of an entity's future cash flows related to those instruments. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning in our fiscal year ending July 31, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements.

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(4)INVENTORIES, NET

The table below presents the components of Inventories, net:

	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	18,130	$	15,484
Work-in-process	640		76
Finished goods	658		668
	$	19,428	$	16,228

(5)GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company's goodwill of $231.5 million as of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively, relates to the Company's Direct Marketing reporting unit, which is the only reporting unit in the Direct Marketing reportable segment. See Note 1 for more details regarding the disposition of IWCO Direct subsequent to which the Company will no longer have any goodwill or amortizable intangible assets. The carrying value of goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually as of June 30, and, additionally on an interim basis, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

During mid-January 2022, the Company determined it would not be possible to extend or refinance the Cerberus Credit Facility and that this was an indicator of impairment of its goodwill, other intangible assets and long-lived assets for the Direct Marketing business. As a result, the Company performed an interim impairment test of IWCO Direct’s goodwill and other long-lived assets as of January 31, 2022. Based upon the terms of the Termination Agreement with Cerberus and considering prior fair values determined for the IWCO Direct reporting unit, the Company determined that the goodwill and other long-lived assets were not impaired during the three months ended January 31, 2022.

Other intangible assets, net, as of January 31, 2022, include customer relationships for the Direct Marketing segment. The trademarks and tradenames intangible assets were fully amortized as of January 31, 2021.

A summary of other intangible assets, net are reflected in the table below:

		January 31, 2022						July 31, 2021
	Weighted Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
	(in years)	(In thousands)
Customer relationships	15	$	192,730	$	85,810	$	106,920	$	192,730	$	77,725	$	115,005
Trademarks and tradenames	3	20,520		20,520		—		20,520		20,520		—
Total		$	213,250	$	106,330	$	106,920	$	213,250	$	98,245	$	115,005

The table below presents amortization expense recorded by the Company for other intangible assets:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Customer relationships	$	3,903	$	4,504	$	8,085	$	9,329
Trademarks and trade names	—		855		—		2,565
Total	$	3,903	$	5,359	$	8,085	$	11,894

(6)ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

The following tables reflect the components of "Accrued expenses" and "Other current liabilities":

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	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
Accrued Expenses	(In thousands)
Accrued taxes	$	57,952	$	57,152
Accrued compensation	20,428		22,987
Accrued worker's compensation	1,500		1,818
Accrued audit, tax and legal	4,042		3,674
Accrued contract labor	756		930
Accrued interest	476		476
Accrued other	19,722		19,834
	$	104,876	$	106,871

	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
Other Current Liabilities	(In thousands)
Accrued pricing liabilities	$	10,295	$	10,295
Customer postage deposits	10,599		13,452
Other	4,700		4,354
	$	25,594	$	28,101

As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the Company had accrued taxes of $58.0 million and $57.2 million, respectively, which reflected the Company's estimate for certain tax related liabilities. As of both January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the Company had accrued pricing liabilities of approximately $10.3 million. As previously reported by the Company, several principal adjustments were made to its historic financial statements for periods ending on or before January 31, 2012, the most significant of which related to the treatment of vendor rebates in its pricing policies. Where the retention of a rebate or a mark-up was determined to have been inconsistent with a client contract, the Company concluded that these amounts were not properly recorded as revenue. Accordingly, revenue was reduced by an equivalent amount for the period that the rebate was estimated to have been affected. A corresponding liability for the same amount was recorded in that period (referred to as accrued pricing liabilities). The Company believes that it may not ultimately be required to pay all or any of the accrued pricing liabilities based upon the expiration of statutes of limitations, and due in part to the nature of the interactions with its clients. The remaining accrued pricing liabilities as of January 31, 2022 will be derecognized when there is sufficient information for the Company to conclude that such liabilities are not subject to escheatment and have been extinguished, which may occur through payment, legal release, or other legal or factual determination. The Company has not provided for any provision for interest and or penalties related to escheatment as it has concluded that such is not probable to occur, and any potential interest and penalties cannot be reasonably estimated.

(7)RESTRUCTURING

IWCO Direct Restructuring Activities

On June 2, 2021, the Board approved a Competitive Improvement Plan (“CIP”) for IWCO Direct, which addressed the changing requirements of its customers and markets it serves, as well as the current competitive landscape. The CIP contemplated a total investment of approximately $54 million primarily over a 24-month period. The Company estimated the CIP cost would consist of approximately: (1) $38 million for digital press and insertion equipment, and technology build out cost (of which approximately $34 million in lease/purchase agreements were entered into subsequent to the year ended July 31, 2021), and (2) $16 million for severance, employee retention, facilities optimization, and other implementation costs. In addition, the Company expected to incur approximately $12 million for non-cash accelerated depreciation expense. The cost estimates did not include amounts for potential non-cash asset impairment charges relating to facilities and equipment optimization. The timing and amount of the future costs incurred will depend on a number of factors. These investments are to be funded by IWCO Direct. After the IWCO Direct Disposal, the Company will have no further obligation for the CIP which had estimated future cash outflows remaining of approximately $44 million. See Note 1 for details regarding the disposition of IWCO Direct.

Accelerated depreciation costs primarily relate to operating facilities and equipment to be sold or closed as part of the programs. Accelerated depreciation costs represent the difference between the depreciation expense to be recognized over the revised useful life of the asset, based upon the anticipated date the site will be closed or divested or the equipment disposed of, and depreciation expense as determined utilizing the useful life prior to the restructuring actions.

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As part of the CIP, the Company announced on August 23, 2021 that it will be optimizing its manufacturing footprint by closing IWCO Direct’s Little Falls, Minnesota facility. The facility closed in January of 2022.

ModusLink Restructuring Activities

During the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, ModusLink implemented a strategic plan to reorganize its sales function and the e-Business operations. The restructuring charges associated with this plan were incurred during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 and were primarily composed of employee termination costs. In November 2021, ModusLink amended its strategic plan to include reorganizing its supply chain operations and recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $0.9 million during the three and six months ended January 31, 2022.

The tables below present restructuring charges by type of cost:

	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022						Six Months Ended January 31, 2021
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Accelerated depreciation	$	3,700	$	—	$	3,700	$	8,095	$	—	$	8,095
Impairment of long-lived assets	—		—		—		70		—		70
Employee termination costs	1,386		856		2,242		3,371		856		4,227
Contractual obligations	113		—		113		308		—		308
Other	344		—		344		344		—		344
Total restructuring charges	$	5,543	$	856	$	6,399	$	12,188	$	856	$	13,044

	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022						Six Months Ended January 31, 2021
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Cost of revenue	$	5,008	$	646	$	5,654	$	11,351	$	646	$	11,997
Selling, general and administrative	535		210		745		837		210		1,047
	$	5,543	$	856	$	6,399	$	12,188	$	856	$	13,044

Changes to the restructuring liability during the six months ended January 31, 2022 were as follows:

(in thousands)	Employee Termination Costs		Contractual Obligations		Asset Impairment		Other		Restructuring Liability
	(In thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2021	$	1,055	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,055
Costs incurred	4,800		199		8,165		472		13,636
Cash payments	(3,759)		(164)		—		(472)		(4,395)
Non-cash relief of accrual	(7)		—		(8,165)		—		(8,172)
Change in estimates	(655)		—		—		—		(655)
Balance as of January 31, 2022	$	1,434	$	35	$	—	$	—	$	1,469

(8)LEASES

The table below presents the components of the Company's lease expense:

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	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Operating lease cost	$	4,165	$	4,131	$	8,166	$	8,359
Short-term lease expense	507		533		856		940
Variable lease cost	4		11		15		19
Interest on finance lease liabilities	1		1		2		3
	$	4,677	$	4,676	$	9,039	$	9,321

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company's leases was as follows:

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	8,091	$	8,377
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	2	$	3
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	36	$	35

(9)DEBT

The components of debt and a reconciliation to the carrying amount of long-term debt is presented in the table below:

	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Secured
Cerberus Term Loan due December 15, 2022	$	361,330	$	364,330
Unsecured
7.50% Convertible Senior Note due March 1, 2024	14,940		14,940
Credit Facilities
Cerberus Revolving Facility	—		—
MidCap Credit Facility	—		—
Less: unamortized discounts and issuance costs	(5,131)		(6,136)
Total debt, net	371,139		373,134
Less: current portion of debt, net	(360,996)		(5,602)
Total long-term debt, net	$	10,143	$	367,532

Cerberus Term Loan

On February 25, 2022, Company transferred all of its interests in IWCO Direct to the Buyer as part of a negotiated restructuring of the capital structure and certain financial obligations of IWCO Direct which included the Cerberus Term Loan which will be derecognized upon deconsolidation. See Note 1 for more details regarding the IWCO Direct Disposal.

7.50% Convertible Senior Note

On February 28, 2019, the Company entered into a 7.50% Convertible Senior Note Due 2024 Purchase Agreement (the "SPHG Note Purchase Agreement") with SPH Group Holdings LLC ("SPHG Holdings"), whereby SPHG Holdings agreed to loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for a 7.50% Convertible Senior Note due 2024 (the "SPHG Note"). SPHG Holdings has the right, at its option, prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the SPHG Note Maturity Date, to

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convert the SPHG Note or a portion thereof that is $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof, into shares of common stock (if the Company has not received a required stockholder approval) or cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, as applicable (if the Company has received a required stockholder approval), at an initial conversion rate of 421.2655 shares of common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.37 per share (subject to adjustment as provided in the SPHG Note) per $1,000 principal amount of the SPHG Note, subject to, and in accordance with, the settlement provisions of the SPHG Note. As of January 31, 2022, the if-converted value of the SPHG Note did not exceed the principal value of the SPHG Note. As of January 31, 2022, the remaining period over which the unamortized discount will be amortized is 25 months. As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the net carrying value of the SPHG Note was $10.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively. The effective interest rate on the SPHG Note, including accretion of the discount, is 27.8%. The following tables reflect the components of the SPHG Note:

					January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
					(In thousands)
Carrying amount of equity component					$	8,200	$	8,200
Principal amount of note					$	14,940	$	14,940
Unamortized debt discount					(4,797)		(5,597)
Net carrying amount					$	10,143	$	9,343
	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Interest expense related to contractual interest coupon	$	286	$	287	$	572	$	573
Interest expense related to accretion of the discount	414		313		800		605
	$	700	$	600	$	1,372	$	1,178

On March 16, 2022, ModusLink, as borrower, entered into a new credit agreement with Umpqua Bank (the “Umpqua Revolver”), as lender and as agent. The Umpqua Revolver provides for a maximum credit commitment of $12.5 million and a sublimit of $5.0 million for letters of credit and expires on March 16, 2024. Concurrent with signing the Umpqua Revolver, ModusLink submitted a notice of termination to MidCap for its MidCap Credit Agreement which was set to expire on December 31, 2022. ModusLink believes it will remain in compliance with the Umpqua Revolver’s covenants for the next twelve months.

(10)CONTINGENCIES

On April 13, 2018, a purported shareholder, Donald Reith, filed a verified complaint, Reith v. Lichtenstein, et al., 2018-277 (Del. Ch.) in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The complaint alleges class and derivative claims for breach of fiduciary duty and/or aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment against the Board, Warren G. Lichtenstein, Glen M. Kassan, William T. Fejes, Jack L. Howard, Jeffrey J. Fenton, Philip E. Lengyel and Jeffrey S. Wald; and stockholders Steel Holdings, Steel Partners, Ltd., SPHG Holdings, Handy & Harman Ltd. ("Handy & Harman") and WHX CS Corp. (collectively, the "Steel Parties") in connection with the acquisition of $35.0 million of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock by SPHG Holdings and equity grants made to Messrs. Lichtenstein, Howard and Fejes on December 15, 2017 (collectively, the "Challenged Transactions"). The Company is named as a nominal defendant. The complaint alleges that although the Challenged Transactions were approved by a Special Committee consisting of the independent members of the Board (Messrs. Fenton, Lengyel and Wald), the Steel Parties dominated and controlled the Special Committee, who approved the Challenged Transactions in breach of their fiduciary duty. Plaintiff alleges that the Challenged Transactions unfairly diluted shareholders and therefore unjustly enriched Steel Holdings, SPHG Holdings and Messrs. Lichtenstein, Howard and Fejes. The complaint also alleges that the Board made misleading disclosures in the Company's proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in connection with seeking approval to amend the 2010 Incentive Award Plan to authorize the issuance of additional shares to accommodate certain shares underlying the equity grants. Remedies requested include rescission of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock and equity grants, disgorgement of any unjustly obtained property or compensation and monetary damages. On June 8, 2018, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to plead demand futility and failure to state a claim. On June 28, 2019, the Court denied most of the motion to dismiss allowing the matter to proceed.

On August 13, 2021, the Company, together with certain of its current and former directors of the Board, Warren Lichtenstein, Glen Kassan, William Fejes, Jr., Jack Howard, Jeffrey Fenton and Jeffrey Wald, as well as other named defendants

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(collectively, the “Defendants”), entered into a memorandum of understanding (the “MOU”) with Donald Reith (the “Plaintiff”) in connection with the settlement of the Reith v. Lichtenstein, et al., C.A. No. 2018-0277-MTZ (Del. Ch. 2018) class and derivative action. Pursuant to the MOU, the Defendants agreed to cause their directors’ and officers’ liability insurance carriers to pay to the Company $2.75 million in cash. The payment shall be paid into an escrow account within 14 business days of the later of (i) the entry of the scheduling order in connection with the stipulation of the settlement; or (ii) the date on which Plaintiff’s counsel provides to the Defendants’ counsel written payment and wire instructions.

Additionally, under the MOU and separate letter agreements between the Company and such individuals (the “Surrender Agreements”), Messrs. Lichtenstein, Howard and Fejes agreed to surrender to the Company an aggregate 3.3 million shares which they had initially received in December 2017 in consideration for services to the Company. The surrenders and cancellations are in the following amounts: for Mr. Lichtenstein, 1,833,333 vested shares and 300,000 unvested shares; for Mr. Howard, 916,667 vested shares and 150,000 unvested shares; and for Mr. Fejes, 100,000 vested shares. Such amounts are to be adjusted to give effect to the one-for-ten reverse stock split voted on by the Company’s shareholders at the annual meeting on July 26, 2021 (if such reverse stock split is effected prior to the surrender of such shares). The surrenders and cancellations shall be completed no later than seven calendar days following final approval of the settlement by the court and the exhaustion of any appeals therefrom or the expiration of time to appeal. On August 17, 2021, Mr. Lichtenstein and Mr. Howard surrendered the shares required under their respective Surrender Agreements and all such shares were subsequently cancelled. Pursuant to the MOU, the Company has also agreed to pay the Plaintiff’s counsel legal fees for this matter. The settlement requires court approval, and there can be no assurances that such approval will be granted.

On February 18, 2022, the parties filed a Stipulation of Settlement, proposed notice to stockholders, proposed scheduling order, and proposed form of final judgment (collectively, the “Stipulation”), setting forth the settlement terms previously set forth in the MOU. In addition, the Stipulation reflects the parties’ agreement that the amount of the legal fees for which Plaintiffs’ counsel would apply, and that the Company would pay if approved by the court, would be $2.05 million. The court has not yet entered the scheduling order establishing the date on which a hearing would be held concerning approval of the settlement.

(11)REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Company's revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major good or service line and timing of revenue recognition. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments.

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	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022						Three Months Ended January 31, 2021
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Major Goods/Service Lines
Marketing solutions offerings	$	66,316	$	—	$	66,316	$	91,155	$	—	$	91,155
Supply chain management services	—		53,719		53,719		—		64,342		64,342
Other	—		603		603		—		550		550
	$	66,316	$	54,322	$	120,638	$	91,155	$	64,892	$	156,047
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred over time	$	66,316	$	—	$	66,316	$	91,155	$	—	$	91,155
Services transferred over time	—		54,322		54,322		—		64,892		64,892
	$	66,316	$	54,322	$	120,638	$	91,155	$	64,892	$	156,047
	Six Months Ended January 31, 2022						Six Months Ended January 31, 2021
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Major Goods/Service Lines
Marketing solutions offerings	$	147,375	$	—	$	147,375	$	196,863	$	—	$	196,863
Supply chain management services	—		97,661		97,661		—		128,129		128,129
Other	—		1,015		1,015		—		989		989
	$	147,375	$	98,676	$	246,051	$	196,863	$	129,118	$	325,981
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred over time	$	147,375	$	—	$	147,375	$	196,863	$	—	$	196,863
Services transferred over time	—		98,676		98,676		—		129,118		129,118
	$	147,375	$	98,676	$	246,051	$	196,863	$	129,118	$	325,981

Marketing Solutions Offerings

IWCO Direct's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products to customers. Revenue related to the majority of IWCO Direct's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation, is recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.

Supply Chain Management Services

ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under these arrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its service to them. The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e., warehousing/inventory management service and a separate kitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended.

Other

Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professional services. Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to its contracts with customers as follows:

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•Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solely based on the passage of time.

•Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction of another performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees related to marketing solutions offerings and supply chain management services. The Company's contract assets are all short-term in nature and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees related to supply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which are generally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we transfer control of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents information for the Company's contract balances:

	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, trade, net	$	68,971	$	69,805
Contract assets	$	10,530	$	14,458
Deferred revenue - current	$	3,560	$	2,562
Deferred revenue - long-term	85		108
Total deferred revenue	$	3,645	$	2,670

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations are comprised of deferred revenue. Changes in deferred revenue during the six months ended January 31, 2022 and January 31, 2021, were as follows:

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,670	$	2,945
Deferral of revenue	1,959		4,417
Recognition of deferred amounts upon satisfaction of performance obligation	(984)		(1,868)
Balance at end of period	$	3,645	$	5,494

We expect to recognize approximately $3.3 million of the Supply Chain deferred revenue over the next twelve months and the remaining $0.1 million beyond that time period.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

(12)INCOME TAXES

The Company operates in multiple taxing jurisdictions, both within and outside of the United States. For the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company was profitable in certain jurisdictions, resulting in an income tax expense using enacted rates in those jurisdictions. As of both January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the total amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to federal, state and foreign taxes was approximately $2.5 million.

On March 27, 2020, the President of the United States signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act into law, which is intended to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the economy, public health,

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state and local governments, individuals and businesses. The CARES Act contains numerous tax provisions, including temporary changes to the future limitations on interest deductions related to Section 163(j) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”).

The Company elected to defer the employer-paid portion of social security taxes, which is expected to provide the Company with approximately $5.3 million of additional liquidity during calendar 2021 and calendar 2022. During the prior calendar year 50% of the deferral was due December 31, 2021 and the remaining 50% will be due December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect the provisions of the CARES Act to have a significant impact on the income tax provision, income tax payable or deferred income tax positions of the Company.

Uncertain Tax Positions

In accordance with the Company's accounting policy, interest related to unrecognized tax benefits is included in the income tax expense line of the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the liabilities for interest expense related to uncertain tax positions were $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The Company has accrued $0.4 million for penalties related to income tax positions. The Company expects $0.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits and related interest to reverse in the next twelve months. The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax and various state, local and international income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. The federal and state tax returns are generally subject to tax examinations for the tax years ended July 31, 2018 through July 31, 2021. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax year in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state tax authorities to the extent utilized in a future period. In addition, a number of tax years remain subject to examination by the appropriate government agencies for certain countries in the Europe and Asia regions. In Europe, the Company's 2013 through 2020 tax years remain subject to examination in most locations, while the Company's 2009 through 2020 tax years remain subject to examination in most Asia locations.

(13)LOSS PER SHARE

The following table reconciles loss per share for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Net loss	$	(22,977)	$	(2,196)	$	(42,471)	$	(5,747)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable preferred stock	(537)		(530)		(1,074)		(1,067)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(23,514)	$	(2,726)	$	(43,545)	$	(6,814)
Weighted average common shares used in basic and diluted loss per share	59,748		62,028		60,027		61,961
Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders	$	(0.39)	$	(0.04)	$	(0.73)	$	(0.11)

Basic net loss per common share is calculated using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per common share, if any, gives effect to diluted stock options (calculated based on the treasury stock method), non-vested restricted stock shares purchased under the employee stock purchase plan and shares issuable upon debt or preferred stock conversion (calculated using an as-if converted method).

For the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 24.2 million and 24.2 million, respectively, common stock equivalent shares (including those related to convertible debt and preferred stock) were excluded from the denominator in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

For the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, approximately 24.2 million and 24.2 million, respectively, common stock equivalent shares (including those related to convertible debt and preferred stock) were excluded from the denominator in the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

(14)COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

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Comprehensive income (loss) combines net income (loss) and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items represent certain amounts that are reported as components of stockholders' equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accumulated other comprehensive items consist of the following:

	Foreign Currency Items		Pension Items		Total
	(In thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of July 31, 2021	$	9,762	$	(2,600)	$	7,162
Foreign currency translation adjustment	185		—		185
Net current-period other comprehensive income	185		—		185
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of January 31, 2022	$	9,947	$	(2,600)	$	7,347

	Foreign Currency Items		Pension Items		Total
	(In thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of July 31, 2020	$	5,025	$	(1,182)	$	3,843
Foreign currency translation adjustment	5,393		—		5,393
Net current-period other comprehensive income	5,393		—		5,393
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of January 31, 2021	$	10,418	$	(1,182)	$	9,236

(15)SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company had two operating segments which are the same as its reportable segments: Direct Marketing and Supply Chain. See Note 1 for details regarding the disposition of Direct Marketing segment. The Company also has Corporate-level activity, which consists primarily of costs associated with certain corporate administrative functions such as legal, finance and share-based compensation, which are not allocated to the Company's reportable segments. The Corporate-level balance sheet information includes cash and cash equivalents, debt and other assets and liabilities which are not identifiable to the operations of the Company's operating segments. All significant intra-segment amounts have been eliminated. Management evaluates segment performance based on segment net revenue and operating income (loss).

Summarized financial information by operating segment is as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Net revenue:
Direct Marketing	$	66,316	$	91,155	$	147,375	$	196,863
Supply Chain	54,322		64,892		98,676		129,118
	$	120,638	$	156,047	$	246,051	$	325,981
Operating (loss) income:
Direct Marketing	$	(14,262)	$	5,769	$	(25,740)	$	10,706
Supply Chain	2,374		4,957		4,347		10,108
Total segment operating (loss) income	(11,888)		10,726		(21,393)		20,814
Corporate-level activity	(2,323)		(2,045)		(3,725)		(5,058)
Total operating (loss) income	(14,211)		8,681		(25,118)		15,756
Total other expense, net	(8,043)		(9,986)		(16,315)		(19,808)
Loss before income taxes	$	(22,254)	$	(1,305)	$	(41,433)	$	(4,052)

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	January 31, 2022		July 31, 2021
	(In thousands)
Total assets:
Direct Marketing	$	476,374	$	530,944
Supply Chain	102,748		101,159
Sub-total—segment assets	579,122		632,103
Corporate	43,562		44,278
	$	622,684	$	676,381

Summarized financial information of the Company's net revenue from external customers by group of services is as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Products:
Direct Marketing	$	66,316	$	91,155	$	147,375	$	196,863
Services:
Supply Chain	54,322		64,892		98,676		129,118
	$	120,638	$	156,047	$	246,051	$	325,981

Summarized financial information of the Company's net revenue by geographic location is as follows:

	Three Months Ended January 31,				Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(In thousands)
United States	$	80,022	$	108,280	$	171,528	$	229,763
China	19,423		22,409		35,389		42,049
Netherlands	6,227		5,387		11,876		13,182
Other	14,966		19,971		27,258		40,987
	$	120,638	$	156,047	$	246,051	$	325,981

(16)RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As of January 31, 2022, SPHG Holdings and its affiliates, including Steel Holdings, Handy & Harman Ltd. and Steel Partners Ltd., beneficially owned approximately 53.4% of our outstanding capital stock, including the if-converted value of the SPHG Note and shares of Series C Convertible Preferred Stock that vote on an as-converted basis together with our common stock. Warren G. Lichtenstein, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and the Executive Chairman of our Board, is also the Executive Chairman of Steel Holdings GP Inc. ("Steel Holdings GP"), the manager of Steel Holdings. Jack L. Howard, the President and a director of Steel Holdings GP, was appointed to the Board upon the closing of the Preferred Stock Transaction described below.

SPHG Note Transaction

On February 28, 2019, the Company entered into a SPHG Note Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings, whereby SPHG Holdings agreed to loan the Company $14.9 million in exchange for the SPHG Note. As of both January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, SPHG Holdings held $14.9 million principal amount of the SPHG Note. As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, the net carrying value of the SPHG Note was $10.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively.

Preferred Stock Transaction

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On December 15, 2017, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with SPHG Holdings, pursuant to which the Company issued 35,000 shares of the Company's newly created Series C Convertible Preferred Stock to SPHG Holdings at a price of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate purchase consideration of $35.0 million. The terms, rights, obligations and preferences of the Series C Convertible Preferred Stock are set forth in the Series C Certificate of Designations, which has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

Management Services Agreement

On June 14, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Management Services Agreement") with Steel Services Ltd. ("Steel Services"), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Steel Holdings. The Management Services Agreement was effective as of June 1, 2019. In connection with the IWCO Direct Disposal, the Management Services Agreement monthly fee was reduced effective on the disposal date for the portion of the fee attributable to IWCO Direct.. Total expenses incurred related to the Management Services Agreement for the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 were $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Total expenses incurred related to the Management Services Agreement for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 were $1.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, amounts due to Steel Services were $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

(17)FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 820 provides that fair value is an exit price, representing the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC 820 requires the Company to use valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets

Level 2: Other inputs that are observable directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market-corroborated inputs

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require the Company to develop its own assumptions about how market participants would price the assets or liabilities

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, current liabilities and the revolving line of credit approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. We believe that the carrying value of our long-term debt approximates fair value because the stated interest rates of this debt is consistent with current market rates. The carrying value of capital lease obligations approximates fair value, as estimated by using discounted future cash flows based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, classified by fair value hierarchy:

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(In thousands)	January 31, 2022		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	$	41,326	$	41,326	$	—	$	—

			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(In thousands)	July 31, 2021		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Money market funds	$	42,327	$	42,327	$	—	$	—

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during any of the periods presented.

When available, quoted prices are used to determine fair value. When quoted prices in active markets are available, investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair values are determined using pricing models, and the inputs to those pricing models are based on observable market inputs. The

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inputs to the pricing models are typically benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities, among others.

Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company reviews the carrying amounts of these assets whenever certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount of the asset group or reporting unit is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The Company estimates the fair values of assets subject to impairment based on the Company's own judgments about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets and on observable market data, when available.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company's financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, customer deposits, accounts payable, restricted cash and debt, and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements at carrying value. With the exception of the SPHG Note and long-term debt, carrying value approximates fair value for these items due to their short-term nature. The Company believes that the carrying value of the liability component of the SPHG Note and our long-term debt approximates fair value because the stated interest rates of this debt is consistent with current market rates. Included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are money market funds. These are valued at quoted market prices in active markets.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The matters discussed in this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical information provided herein may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those risks discussed elsewhere in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this report and the risks discussed in the Company's subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the SEC. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management's analysis, judgment, belief or expectation only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof, except as required by law.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report.

Overview

Steel Connect, Inc. (the "Company") is a diversified holding company with two wholly-owned subsidiaries, IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc. ("IWCO Direct" or "Direct Marketing") and ModusLink Corporation ("ModusLink" or "Supply Chain"),which serve the direct marketing and supply chain management markets, respectively.

ModusLink Corporation provides digital and physical supply chain solutions to many of the world's leading brands across a diverse range of industries, including consumer electronics, telecommunications, computing and storage, software and content, consumer packaged goods, medical devices, retail and luxury and connected devices. These solutions are delivered through a combination of industry expertise, innovative service solutions, and integrated operations, proven business processes, an expansive global footprint and world-class technology. With a global footprint spanning North America, Europe and the Asia Pacific, the Company's solutions and services are designed to improve end-to-end supply chains in order to drive growth, lower costs, and improve profitability.

IWCO Direct is a provider of data-driven marketing solutions, driving response across all marketing channels and measurable improvements to its customers’ return on marketing investment. Effective February 25, 2022, the Company disposed of its interest in IWCO Direct (the “IWCO Direct Disposal”). See “Recent Developments—Disposition of IWCO Direct” below.

Customers

Historically, a limited number of key clients have accounted for a significant percentage of the Company's revenue. For the six months ended January 31, 2022 and the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, the Company's ten largest clients accounted for approximately 47% and 52% of consolidated net revenue, respectively. For the six months ended January 31, 2022, no client accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated net revenue and for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 one client from the computing market accounted for approximately 16% of the Company's consolidated net revenue and one client from the insurance market accounted for approximately 11% of the Company's consolidated net revenue.

For the six months ended January 31, 2022 and fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, on a pro forma basis giving effect to the IWCO Direct Disposal, the Company’s 10 largest clients accounted for approximately 75% and 81% of consolidated net revenue, respectively. On the same pro forma basis, two clients from the computing market accounted for approximately 18% and 13% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for six months ended January 31, 2022, and two clients from the computing market accounted for approximately 42% and 10% of the Company's consolidated net revenue for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021. In general, the Company does not have any agreements that obligate any client to buy a minimum amount of services from it or designate it as an exclusive service provider. Consequently, the Company's net revenue is subject to demand variability by our clients. The level and timing of orders placed by the Company's clients vary for a variety of reasons, including seasonal buying by end-users, the introduction of new technologies and general economic conditions. By diversifying into new markets and improving the operational support structure for its clients, the Company expects to offset the adverse financial impact such factors may bring about.

Impact of COVID-19

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (in particular, the emergence of new variants of the virus across the globe) has

caused, and continues to cause, significant disruptions in the U.S. and global economies. For example, national and local

governments in the United States and around the world continue to implement measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19

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and its variants, including travel bans, prohibitions on group events and gatherings, shutdowns of certain businesses,

quarantines, curfews, and recommendations to practice physical distancing. Such measures have restricted and continue to restrict individuals’ daily activities and curtail or cease many businesses’ normal operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and is likely to further adversely impact, nearly all aspects of our business and markets, including our workforce and the operations of our clients, suppliers, and business partners. Beginning in March 2020, when the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency, we experienced impacts to our customers' demand, facility operations, supply chain, availability and productivity of personnel, while also working to comply with rapidly evolving international, federal, state and local restrictions and recommendations on travel and workplace health and safety. We experienced disruptions to our business continuity as a result of temporary closures of certain of ModusLink’s facilities in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal year 2020, as well as the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021. Recently, an outbreak in Mainland China forced temporary lockdown orders from March 14, 2022 to March 20, 2022 in several cities in which ModusLink operates. We do not expect significant impacts to ModusLink’s operations, and as of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q one facility was shut due to the temporary lockdown and all other ModusLink facilities were operating at or near capacity. We will evaluate further actions if circumstances warrant.

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, with the shutdown of the U.S. economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IWCO Direct’s business was also significantly and adversely affected by a material reduction in customer mailing activities. Additionally, although IWCO Direct operated as an essential business, it had reduced operating levels and labor shifts due to lower sales volume during the third quarter of fiscal year 2020.

To help combat these impacts and mitigate the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, during fiscal year 2020 we took proactive measures by initiating cost reduction actions, including the waiver of board fees, hiring freezes, staffing and force reductions, company-wide salary reductions, bonus payment deferrals and temporary 401(k) match suspension. The temporary waiver of board fees and company-wide salary reduction actions taken in the prior fiscal year were fully restored prior to the beginning of fiscal year 2021, and the majority of salary reductions were repaid prior to the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2021. Additionally, against the background of the reduction in IWCO’s business, the Company held extensive discussions with Cerberus about amending and extending IWCO Direct’s credit facility with Cerberus under which there was approximately $361.3 million outstanding as of January 31, 2022 that was to mature in December 2022. These discussions ultimately resulted in the IWCO Direct Disposal. For more information, see “Disposition of IWCO Direct” above. We continue our focus on cash management and liquidity, which includes aggressive working capital management.

In addition, we continue to aim to closely monitor the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business and geographies, including its impact on our clients, employees, suppliers, vendors, business partners and distribution channels. We believe that such impacts could include, the continued disruption to the demand for our businesses' products and services; disruptions in or closures of our business operations or those of our customers or suppliers; the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital; increased costs and delays in payments of outstanding receivables beyond normal payment terms; supply chain disruptions; uncertain demand; and the effect of any initiatives or programs that we may undertake to address financial and operational challenges faced by our customers. Despite indications of economic recovery, the severity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s business in the fiscal year ending July 31, 2022 and beyond is difficult to predict and will depend on a number of uncertain factors and trends. Such factors and trends include, but not limited to: the duration and severity of the virus and its current variants; the emergence of new variant strains; the availability and widespread use of vaccines; the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital; the extent and severity of the impact on our customers and suppliers; and U.S. and foreign government actions that have been taken, or may be taken in the future, to mitigate adverse economic or other impacts or to mitigate the spread of the virus and its variants. The Company continues to monitor for any developments or updates to COVID-19 guidelines from public health and governmental authorities, as well as the protection of the health and safety of its personnel, and is continuously working to ensure that its health and safety protocols, business continuity plans and crisis management protocols are in place to help mitigate any negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s employees, business or operations.

Recent Developments

Disposition of IWCO Direct

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, with the shutdown of the U.S. economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IWCO Direct’s business was significantly and adversely affected by a material reduction in customer mailing activities. Against this background, the Company held, on behalf of IWCO Direct, extensive discussions with Cerberus about amending and extending IWCO Direct’s credit facility with Cerberus under which there was approximately $361 million outstanding as of January 31, 2022 that was to mature in December 2022. In addition, the Company’s board considered a range of strategic options to address the impending maturity. In mid-January 2022, it became apparent that it would not be possible to extend or refinance the credit facility prior to its maturity. In addition, short-term funding under the revolving credit facility became unavailable. IWCO Direct was in the process of implementing the previously disclosed competitive improvement plan (“CIP”) intended to address the

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changing requirements of its customers and markets. Despite initial favorable outcomes and improving prospects from the CIP, the Company was unable to amend IWCO Direct's credit facility or identify alternatives to refinance IWCO Direct’s indebtedness given the magnitude of that indebtedness relative to the performance of IWCO Direct’s business.

In light of these developments, the board of directors of the Company determined that it was in the best interests of the Company’s shareholders to pursue an orderly and consensual disposition of IWCO Direct to the Cerberus-led investor group. Although the board considered other alternatives for IWCO Direct, the board concluded that such alternatives would not be viable. Steel Connect did not receive any cash consideration from the Cerberus-led investor group in exchange for the disposition of IWCO Direct. Refer to Note 1 for further information on the transaction agreement terms.

The Company deconsolidated IWCO Direct as of February 25, 2022 as it no longer held a controlling financial interest as of that date. The Company expects to record a book gain as of the disposal of IWCO Direct. As of January 31, 2022, IWCO Direct had assets and liabilities of approximately $469.7 million and $516.3 million, respectively. The Company did not have any amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with IWCO Direct as of January 31, 2022. The results of IWCO Direct will be presented as a discontinued operation in future reporting periods.

Steel Holdings Expression of Interest

On November 19, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") received a preliminary, non-binding expression of interest (the "Expression of Interest") from Steel Partners Holdings L.P. ("Steel Holdings") to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock not already owned by Steel Holdings or its affiliates for a combination of cash and Steel Holdings 6% Series A Preferred Units, which would imply a value per share of common stock in the range of $0.65 to $0.72 per share. The Board has established a special committee comprised solely of independent directors (the "Acquisition Proposal Special Committee") authorized to retain independent legal and financial advisors and to review, evaluate, negotiate and approve or disapprove the Expression of Interest, and to explore alternative strategies or transactions. The Acquisition Proposal Special Committee announced on January 11, 2021 that it had retained financial advisors and legal counsel. As set forth in the Expression of Interest, the proposed transaction will be subject to the approval of the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee, as well as a non-waivable condition requiring approval of a majority of the shares outstanding of the Company not owned by Steel Holdings and its affiliates and related parties. The Board resolutions establishing the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee expressly provide that the Board will not approve the proposed transaction contemplated by the Expression of Interest or any alternative thereto without a prior favorable recommendation by the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee.

The Board has only received an expression of interest, which it continues to negotiate with Steel Holdings. The expression of interest under negotiation does not constitute a definitive offer capable of acceptance, and may be withdrawn at any time and in any manner. There can be no assurance that any definitive offer will be made, that any agreement will be executed or that the transaction proposed in the Expression of Interest or any other transaction will be approved or completed. The Company is not obligated to disclose any further developments or updates on the progress of the proposed transaction until either the Company enters into a definitive agreement or the Acquisition Proposal Special Committee determines no such transaction will be approved.

Basis of Presentation

The Company has two operating segments which are the same as its reportable segments: Direct Marketing and Supply Chain. The Company also has Corporate-level activity, which consists primarily of costs associated with certain corporate administrative functions such as legal, finance and share-based compensation, which are not allocated to the Company's reportable segments. The Corporate-level balance sheet information includes cash and cash equivalents, debt and other assets and liabilities which are not identifiable to the operations of the Company's operating segments. All significant intra-segment amounts have been eliminated.

IWCO Direct Disposal

As discussed above, on February 25, 2022, the Company disposed of its ownership of IWCO Direct and subsequent to the disposal date IWCO Direct will no longer be included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, results of operations or cash flows.

Results of Operations

Three months ended January 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended January 31, 2021

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Net Revenue:

	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Total Net Revenue		Three Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Total Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	66,316	55.0	%	$	91,155	58.4	%	$	(24,839)	(27.2)	%
Supply Chain	54,322		45.0	%	64,892		41.6	%	(10,570)		(16.3)	%
Total	$	120,638	100.0	%	$	156,047	100.0	%	$	(35,409)	(22.7)	%

Net revenue decreased by approximately $35.4 million during the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. During the three months ended January 31, 2022, net revenue for the Direct Marketing segment decreased by approximately $24.8 million primarily due to: (1) approximately $23.1 million of lower sales volume from clients who exited or were planning to exit and (2) approximately $9.3 million for reduced volume from a client in the insurance industry. These decreases were partially offset by approximately $7.6 million of higher sales volume across all other clients.

During the three months ended January 31, 2022, net revenue for the Supply Chain segment, net revenues decreased by approximately $10.6 million. This decrease in net revenue was primarily driven by lower volume associated with clients in the computing and consumer electronics markets which have been negatively impacted by global market shortage of semiconductor and other electrical component supplies. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on the Supply Chain segment's net revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Revenue:

	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		Three Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	63,617	95.9	%	$	68,740	75.4	%	$	(5,123)	(7.5)	%
Supply Chain	43,421		79.9	%	51,457		79.3	%	(8,036)		(15.6)	%
Total	$	107,038	88.7	%	$	120,197	77.0	%	$	(13,159)	(10.9)	%

Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses related to the cost of materials purchased in connection with the provision of direct marketing and supply chain management services, as well as costs for salaries and benefits, depreciation expense, severance, contract labor, consulting, paper for direct mailing, fulfillment and shipping, and applicable facilities costs. Cost of revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2022 included materials procured on behalf of our Supply Chain clients of $25.7 million, as compared to $33.2 million for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of $7.5 million. Total cost of revenue decreased by $13.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to decreased material and labor costs in both segments from lower sales volume, partially offset by restructuring costs in Direct Marketing. Gross margin percentage for the current quarter decreased to 11.3%, as compared to 23.0% in the prior year quarter.

Direct Marketing’s cost of revenue decreased by $5.1 million during the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to decreased material costs due to lower volume, partially offset by restructuring charges associated with the CIP. The Direct Marketing segment's gross margin percentage decreased by 2050 basis points to 4.1% for the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to 24.6% for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in Direct Marketing segment’s gross margin percentage is primarily due to restructuring charges for the CIP and lower sales volume.

Supply Chain’s cost of revenue decreased by $8.0 million during the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to lower materials costs as a result of lower sales volume associated with clients in the computing and consumer electronics markets. The Supply Chain segment's gross margin percentage decreased by 60 basis points to 20.1% for the three months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to 20.7% for the same period in the prior year, primarily due lower revenues, not completely offset by the decreased materials and labor costs. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on Supply Chain's gross margin for the three months ended January 31, 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:

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	Three Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		Three Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	13,058	19.7	%	$	11,287	12.4	%	$	1,771	15.7	%
Supply Chain	8,527		15.7	%	8,478		13.1	%	49		0.6	%
Sub-total	21,585		17.9	%	19,765		12.7	%	1,820		9.2	%
Corporate-level activity	2,323				2,045				278		13.6	%
Total	$	23,908	19.8	%	$	21,810	14.0	%	$	2,098	9.6	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee-related costs, sales commissions and incentive plans, information technology expenses, travel expenses, facilities costs, consulting fees, fees for professional services, depreciation expense, marketing expenses, share-based compensation expense, transaction costs, restructuring and public reporting costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses during the three months ended January 31, 2022 increased by approximately $2.1 million, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Direct Marketing segment increased primarily due to an increase in professional fees, employee related costs and restructuring charges for the CIP. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Supply Chain segment and Corporate did not change significantly as compared to the same period in the prior year. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended January 31, 2022.

Amortization of Intangible Assets:

During the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, intangible asset amortization expense totaled $3.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense decreased $1.5 million primarily due to trademarks and tradenames being fully amortized during the prior year.

Interest Expense:

Total interest expense during the three months ended January 31, 2022 did not change significantly as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Other Losses, Net:

Other losses, net are primarily composed of foreign exchange losses. The Company recorded $0.3 million and $2.1 million of foreign exchange losses during the three months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Tax Expense:

During the three months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $0.7 million, as compared to income tax expense of $0.9 million for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in income tax expense is primarily due to lower taxable income in foreign jurisdictions, as compared to the prior year.

The Company provides for income tax expense related to federal, state and foreign income taxes. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in the U.S. and certain of its foreign subsidiaries due to the uncertainty of realizing such benefits.

Six Months Ended January 31, 2022 compared to the six months ended January 31, 2021

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Net Revenue:

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Total Net Revenue		Six Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Total Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	147,375	59.9	%	$	196,863	60.4	%	$	(49,488)	(25.1)	%
Supply Chain	98,676		40.1	%	129,118		39.6	%	(30,442)		(23.6)	%
Total	$	246,051	100.0	%	$	325,981	100.0	%	$	(79,930)	(24.5)	%

Net revenue decreased by approximately $79.9 million during the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. During the six months ended January 31, 2022, net revenue for the Direct Marketing segment decreased by approximately $49.5 million primarily due to: (1) approximately $41.6 million of lower sales volume from clients who had exited or were planning to exit and (2) approximately $19.4 million for reduced volume from a client in the insurance industry. These decreases were partially offset by approximately $11.5 million of higher sales volume across all other clients.

During the six months ended January 31, 2022, net revenue for the Supply Chain segment, net revenues decreased by approximately $30.4 million. This decrease in net revenue was primarily driven by lower volume associated with clients in the computing and consumer electronics markets which have been negatively impacted by global market shortage of semiconductor and other electrical component supplies. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on the Supply Chain segment's net revenues for the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Cost of Revenue:

	Six Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		Six Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	138,802	94.2	%	$	149,932	76.2	%	$	(11,130)	(7.4)	%
Supply Chain	78,369		79.4	%	99,731		77.2	%	(21,362)		(21.4)	%
Total	$	217,171	88.3	%	$	249,663	76.6	%	$	(32,492)	(13.0)	%

Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses related to the cost of materials purchased in connection with the provision of direct marketing and supply chain management services, as well as costs for salaries and benefits, depreciation expense, severance, contract labor, consulting, paper for direct mailing, fulfillment and shipping, and applicable facilities costs. Cost of revenue for the six months ended January 31, 2022 included materials procured on behalf of our Supply Chain clients of $44.7 million, as compared to $63.6 million for the same period in the prior year, a decrease of $18.9 million. Total cost of revenue decreased by $32.5 million for the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to decreased material and labor costs in both segments, partially offset by restructuring costs in Direct Marketing. Gross margin percentage for the current quarter decreased to 11.7%, as compared to 23.4% in the prior year quarter.

Direct Marketing’s cost of revenue decreased by $11.1 million during the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to decreased material costs due to lower volume, partially offset by restructuring charges associated with the CIP. The Direct Marketing segment's gross margin percentage decreased by 1800 basis points to 5.8% for the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to 23.8% for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in Direct Marketing segment’s gross margin percentage is primarily due to restructuring charges for the CIP and lower sales volume.

Supply Chain’s cost of revenue decreased by $21.4 million during the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to lower materials and labor costs as a result of lower sales volume associated with clients in the computing and consumer electronics markets. The Supply Chain segment's gross margin percentage decreased by 220 basis points to 20.6% for the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to 22.8% for the same period in the prior year, primarily due lower revenues, not completely offset by the decreased materials and labor costs. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on Supply Chain's gross margin for the six months ended January 31, 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:

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	Six Months Ended January 31, 2022		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		Six Months Ended January 31, 2021		As a % of Segment Net Revenue		$ Change		% Change
	(In thousands)
Direct Marketing	$	26,228	17.8	%	$	24,331	12.4	%	$	1,897	7.8	%
Supply Chain	15,960		16.2	%	19,279		14.9	%	(3,319)		(17.2)	%
Sub-total	42,188		17.1	%	43,610		13.4	%	(1,422)		(3.3)	%
Corporate-level activity	3,725				5,058				(1,333)		(26.4)	%
Total	$	45,913	18.7	%	$	48,668	14.9	%	$	(2,755)	(5.7)	%

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and employee-related costs, sales commissions and incentive plans, information technology expenses, travel expenses, facilities costs, consulting fees, fees for professional services, depreciation expense, marketing expenses, share-based compensation expense, transaction costs, restructuring and public reporting costs. Selling, general and administrative expenses during the six months ended January 31, 2022 decreased by approximately $2.8 million, as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Direct Marketing segment increased primarily due to an increase in professional fees, employee related costs and restructuring charges for the CIP. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the Supply Chain segment decreased primarily due to a decrease in restructuring and professional expenses that were incurred in the prior year period. Corporate-level activity decreased primarily due to a decrease in professional fees and employee related costs. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had an insignificant impact on selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended January 31, 2022.

Amortization of Intangible Assets:

During the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, intangible asset amortization expense totaled $8.1 million and $11.9 million, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense decreased $3.8 million primarily due to trademarks and tradenames being fully amortized during the prior year.

Interest Expense:

Total interest expense during the six months ended January 31, 2022 did not change significantly as compared to the same period in the prior year.

Other Losses, Net:

Other losses, net are primarily composed of foreign exchange losses. The Company recorded $0.8 million and $3.8 million of foreign exchange losses during the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Tax Expense:

During the six months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recorded income tax expense of approximately $1.0 million, as compared to income tax expense of $1.7 million for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in income tax expense is primarily due to lower taxable income in foreign jurisdictions, as compared to the prior year.

The Company provides for income tax expense related to federal, state and foreign income taxes. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets in the U.S. and certain of its foreign subsidiaries due to the uncertainty of realizing such benefits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Anticipated Sources and Uses of Cash Flow

Historically, the Company has financed its operations and met its capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of its securities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of facilities that were not fully utilized.     

Disposal of IWCO

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As a result of the IWCO Direct Disposal, the Company will have no debt outstanding under the Cerberus Credit Facility (as defined below) which had approximately $361.3 million outstanding as of January 31, 2022 and was to mature on December 15, 2022. Additionally, the CIP which had estimated future cash outflows remaining of approximately $44 million will no longer be a future cash outflow of the Company.

The following table summarizes our liquidity:

	January 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	64,646
Readily available borrowing capacity under Midcap Credit Facility	9,210
	$	73,856

Due to the changes reflected in the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017 ("U.S. Tax Reform"), there is no U.S. tax payable upon repatriating the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries considered not subject to permanent investment. Foreign withholding taxes would range from 0% to 10% on any repatriated funds. For the Company, earnings and profits have been calculated at each subsidiary. The Company's foreign subsidiaries are in an overall net deficit for earnings and profits purposes. As such, no adjustment was made to U.S. taxable income in the six months ended January 31, 2022 relating to this aspect of the U.S. Tax Reform. In future years, the Company will be able to repatriate its foreign earnings without incurring additional U.S. tax as a result of a 100% dividends received deduction. The Company believes that any future withholding taxes or state taxes associated with such a repatriation would be minor.

Consolidated working capital deficit was $388.7 million as of January 31, 2022, as compared to $4.6 million at July 31, 2021. Included in the working capital deficit were cash and cash equivalents of $64.6 million as of January 31, 2022 and $96.9 million at July 31, 2021. The increase in the working capital deficit was primarily due to the Cerberus Term Loan becoming classified as current as of January 31, 2022. The Cerberus Term Loan balance of $361.0 million as of January 31, 2022 was extinguished upon the IWCO Direct Disposal. Sources and uses of cash for the six months ended January 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in the prior year, are as follows:

	Six Months Ended January 31,
	2022		2021
	(In thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(23,169)	$	5,186
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(7,189)	$	(2,160)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(4,109)	$	(4,098)

Operating Activities: We used cash of $23.2 million from operating activities during the six months ended January 31, 2022, a decrease of $28.4 million compared with $5.2 million generated during the six months ended January 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower gross profits and a reduction in working capital. The Company's future cash flows related to operating activities are dependent on several factors, including profitability, accounts receivable collections, effective inventory management practices and optimization of the credit terms of certain vendors of the Company, and overall performance of the technology sector impacting the Supply Chain segment.

Investing Activities: Net cash used in investing activities was $7.2 million and $2.2 million during the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was primarily related to capital expenditures. The increase was primarily due to reduced capital spending in the prior year as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Financing Activities: Net cash used in financing activities was $4.1 million during both the six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, and primarily consisted of $3.0 million in long-term debt payments for IWCO Direct and $1.1 million of preferred dividend payments in both periods.

Debt and Financing Arrangements

As of January 31, 2022 outstanding debt consisted of the following:

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	January 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Cerberus Term Loan due December 15, 2022	$	361,330
7.50% Convertible Note due March 1, 2024	14,940
	$	376,270

Cerberus Credit Facility

The Cerberus Credit Facility consisted of a term loan facility (the “Cerberus Term Loan”) and a $25 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) (together the “Cerberus Credit Facility”) which was to mature on December 15, 2022. The Company transferred all of its interests in IWCO Direct and the financial obligations of the Cerberus Credit Facility as part of the IWCO Direct Disposal. Subsequent to the IWCO Direct Disposal the Company will have no debt under or access to future borrowings under the Cerberus Credit Facility.

MidCap Credit Facility

As of and during the six months ended January 31, 2022, ModusLink was in compliance with all financial covenants in the MidCap Credit Agreement. The MidCap Credit Agreement was unaffected by the deconsolidation of IWCO Direct in February 2022.

On March 16, 2022, ModusLink, as borrower, submitted a notice of termination to MidCap, and entered into a new credit agreement with Umpqua Bank (the “Umpqua Revolver”), as lender and as agent. The Umpqua Revolver provides for a maximum credit commitment of $12.5 million and a sublimit of $5.0 million for letters of credit and expires on March 16, 2024. ModusLink believes it will remain in compliance with the Umpqua Revolver’s covenants for the next twelve months.

Steel Connect, Inc.

The Company believes it has access to adequate resources to meet its needs for normal operating costs, debt obligations and working capital for at least the next twelve months.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies Update

During the three months ended January 31, 2022, there have been no significant changes to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on October 29, 2021, as amended on November 30, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”),

The Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. The critical accounting policies and estimates that we believe are most critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations are reported in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2021 Annual Report.

Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The carrying value of goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually as of June 30 and, additionally on an interim basis, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. During mid-January 2022, the Company determined it would not be possible to extend or refinance the Cerberus Credit Facility and determined this was an indicator of impairment of its goodwill, other intangible assets and long-lived assets for the Direct Marketing business. As a result, the Company performed an interim impairment test of Direct Marketing's goodwill and other long-lived assets as of January 31, 2022. Based upon the terms of the Termination Agreement with Cerberus and considering prior fair values determined for the IWCO Direct reporting unit, the Company determined that the goodwill and other long-lived assets were not impaired during the three months ended January 31, 2022.

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The prior fair value of the Direct Marketing reporting unit was calculated using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach) using the Company's projections, which are subject to various risks and uncertainties associated with its forecasted revenue, expenses and cash flows, as well as the duration and expected impact on its business from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company's significant assumptions in the analysis included, but were not limited to, future cash flow projections, the weighted average cost of capital, the terminal growth rate and the tax rate. The Company's estimates of future cash flows were based on current economic climates, recent operating results and planned business strategies. These estimates could be negatively affected by decreased customer demand for IWCO Direct's services, changes in regulations, further economic downturns, increased customer attrition or an inability to execute IWCO Direct's business strategies. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective, and actual results may differ materially from the Company's estimates.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Consistent with the rules applicable to "Smaller Reporting Companies," we have omitted information required by this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such terms are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. "Disclosure controls and procedures" means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based upon that evaluation, management, including the Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company's disclosure controls were effective as of January 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Despite the fact that many of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, these remote work arrangements have not resulted in changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13(a)-15(f) or Rule 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act); however, we are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended January 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

The information set forth under Note 10 - “Contingencies” to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, is incorporated herein by reference. For an additional discussion of certain risks associated with legal proceedings, also see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business is subject to a number of risks. In addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, particularly those disclosed in Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, you should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report, before you decide whether to purchase our common stock. As a result of the IWCO Direct Disposal, these risk factors amend and restate in their entirety the risk factors included in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors of our 2021 Annual Report. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific risks that may affect us. It should be recognized that other risks may be significant, presently or in the future, and the risks set forth below may affect

36

us to a greater extent than indicated. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you many lose all or part of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO THE IWCO DIRECT DISPOSAL

The divestiture of our Direct Marketing segment may not achieve the intended benefits and changes our exposures to other risks and uncertainties.

As a result of the IWCO Direct Disposal, our only business is our Supply Chain segment, and thus we are a smaller, less diversified and more narrowly-focused business than before. This makes us more vulnerable to changing market and economic conditions, and may have a continuing impact on the execution of our business strategy and our overall operating results. We may not be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that we encounter in our Supply Chain segment, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the divestiture poses risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business, including difficulties in the separation of operations, services and personnel, the diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns, transaction and transition costs, the disruption of business, and the potential loss of key employees. Moreover, declines in our net revenues, cash flows and earnings as a result of the divestiture could result in future asset impairments. As a result, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the divestiture.

Our future results of operations are solely dependent on the operations of our Supply Chain business segment and will differ materially from our previous results.

As a result of the IWCO Direct Disposal, our future financial results are expected to differ materially from our previous results, since our future financial results will be solely dependent on our Supply Chain segment. Our recently divested Direct Marketing business segment generated approximately 60% and 63% of our total net revenue for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and fiscal year ended July 31, 2021, respectively, and represented approximately 77% and 78% of our assets as of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, respectively. However, our Direct Marketing business segment also represented the majority of all of our operating losses for the six months ended January 31, 2022 and the fiscal year ended July 31, 2021. On a pro forma basis giving effect to the IWCO Direct Disposal, our operating results were as follows: (i) for the six months ended January 31, 2022, our historical total net revenue, operating loss and net loss attributable to common stockholders were $246.1 million, $25.1 million and $43.5 million, respectively, and our pro forma total net revenue, operating income and net loss attributable to common stockholders were $98.7 million, $0.6 million and $3.5 million, respectively; and (ii) for the year ended July 31, 2021, our historical total net revenue, operating loss and net loss attributable to common stockholders were $613.8 million, $12.8 million and $46.5 million, respectively, and our pro forma total net revenue, operating loss and net loss attributable to common stockholders were $226.3 million, $1.6 million and $6.3 million, respectively. Thus, due to the IWCO Direct Disposal, we expect to experience significant reduction in our future net revenue and assets, while possibly experiencing lower net losses and operating losses and/or higher operating incomes. However, there can be no guarantee that the IWCO Direct Disposal will result in stronger long-term financial and operational results for our remaining Supply Chain business segment. Any downturn in our Supply Chain business could have a material adverse effect on our future operating results and financial condition and could materially and adversely affect the trading price of our outstanding securities.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS, OPERATIONS AND INDUSTRY

Changes in our relationships with significant clients, including the loss or reduction in business from one or more of them, could have a material adverse impact on our business.

We depend on a small number of clients for a substantial portion of our business. For more information see Part I, Item 2, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Overview - Customers" of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Additionally, in general, the Company does not have any agreements which obligate any client to buy a material amount of services from it or designate it as an exclusive service provider. Consequently, the Company’s net revenue is subject to demand variability by our clients. The level and timing of orders placed by the Company’s clients vary for a variety of reasons, including seasonal buying by end-users, the introduction of new technologies and general economic conditions. Changes in relationships with significant clients may require us to evaluate our goodwill, other intangible assets and other long-lived assets for impairment, which may require us to record an impairment charge. Decreases in client demand or volumes or loss of business from one or more of these clients could have a materially adverse impact on our businesses, financial condition or results from operations. For more information, see Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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If the demand for supply chain management services decline, or if we are unable or do not effectively integrate new or emerging industry trends into our services and offerings, our revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Customer traffic and demand for our supply chain management services may be influenced by changing consumer demands and industry trends. Some of our competitors may expend more for their marketing programs than we do, or use different approaches than we do, which may provide them with a competitive advantage. Furthermore, we may not effectively develop or implement strategies with respect to rapidly evolving industry trends, including outsourcing supply chain management services, among other business practices. If our marketing efforts are not as successful or cost-effective as anticipated, our revenue and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may have difficulty achieving and sustaining operating profitability, and if that depletes our working capital balances, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

For the fiscal years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported total net revenue of $613.8 million and $782.8 million, respectively, costs of revenue of $484.2 million and $619.9 million, respectively, and operating loss of $12.8 million and operating income of $32.4 million, respectively. On a pro forma basis giving effect to the IWCO Direct Disposal, such operating results were as follows: (i) for the six months ended January 31, 2021, our historical total net revenue, cost of revenue and operating loss were $246.1 million, $217.2 million and $25.1 million, respectively, and our pro forma total net revenue, cost of revenue and operating income were $98.7 million, $78.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively; and (ii) for the year ended July 31, 2021, our historical total net revenue, cost of revenue and operating loss were $613.8 million, $484.2 million and $12.8 million, respectively, and our pro forma total net revenue, cost of revenue and operating loss were $226.3 million, $178.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Although we have reduced our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue (a key focus of our restructuring activities was to reduce operating costs), and reduced our pro forma cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended October 31, 2021, we anticipate that we will continue to incur significant fixed operating expenses in the future within both cost of revenue and selling, general and administrative expenses. Therefore, since our revenue is subject to fluctuations, there can be no assurance that we will achieve or sustain operating income in the future. We may also use significant amounts of cash in an effort to increase the efficiency and profitability of our business. If we are unable to achieve or sustain operating profitability, we risk depleting our working capital balances, and our business could be materially adversely affected.

Because most of our contracts do not contain minimum purchase requirements and we sell primarily on a purchase order basis, we are subject to uncertainties and variability in demand by clients, which could decrease revenue materially and adversely affect our financial results.

Our contracts generally do not include material minimum purchase requirements, and we sell primarily on a purchase order basis. Therefore, our sales are subject to unpredictable variability by our clients and have fluctuated historically. These fluctuations may continue, sometimes materially, from year to year and even from quarter to quarter. The level and timing of orders placed by these clients vary for a variety of reasons, including seasonal buying by end-users of Supply Chain customers, as well as individual client strategies, the introduction of new technologies, the desire of our clients to reduce their exposure to any single supplier and general economic conditions impacting both of our operating segments. If we are unable to anticipate and respond to the demands of our clients, we may lose clients because we have an inadequate supply of their products or insufficient capacity at our sites, or alternatively, we may have excess inventory or excess capacity, either of which may have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial position and operating results.

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected, and is expected to continue to pose risks, to our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and other epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases may have a similar impact.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant disruptions in the U.S. and global economies, and the impact may continue to be significant during the rest of the calendar year and potentially beyond. The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company continues to evaluate the global risks and the slowdown in business activity related to COVID-19, including the potential impacts on its employees, customers, suppliers and financial results. For the fiscal year 2020 and 2021, COVID-19 required temporary closures of certain of ModusLink's facilities and recently, an outbreak in Mainland China forced temporary lockdown orders from March 14, 2022 to March 20, 2022 in several cities in which ModusLink operates. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, with the shutdown of the U.S. economy due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IWCO Direct’s business was also significantly and adversely affected by a material reduction in customer mailing activities. Although IWCO Direct operated as an essential business, it had reduced operating levels and labor shifts due to lower sales volume. Against the background of the reduction in IWCO’s business, we held extensive discussions with Cerberus about amending and extending IWCO Direct’s credit facility with Cerberus under which there was approximately $361.0 million outstanding as of January 31, 2022 that was to mature

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in December 2022. These discussions ultimately resulted in the IWCO Direct Disposal. For more information, see Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation—Recent Developments—Disposition of IWCO Direct”.

The Company's results of operations, including sales volume, were adversely affected by COVID-19 during the years ended July 31, 2021 and 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic or other epidemics or outbreaks of infectious diseases could materially adversely impact the Company's results of operations, financial condition and liquidity in several ways. In particular, the continued spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus could:

•impair the Company's ability to manage day-to-day service and product delivery;

•continue to impact customer demand of our businesses' products and services;

•cause disruptions in or closures of the Company's operations or those of its customers and suppliers (as of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, all of the Company's facilities were open and able to operate at normal capacities);

•impact global liquidity and the availability of capital;

•cause the Company to experience an increase in costs as a result of the Company's emergency measures, delayed payments from customers and uncollectible accounts;

•cause delays and disruptions in the supply chain resulting in disruptions in the commercial operation of our businesses;

•cause limitations on the Company's employees' ability to work and travel;

•impact availability of qualified personnel;

•increase cybersecurity risks as remote working environments may be less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic; and

•cause other unpredictable events.

As the situation surrounding COVID-19 remains fluid, it is difficult to predict the duration of the pandemic and the impact on the Company's business, operations, financial condition and cash flows. The severity of the impact on the Company's business in fiscal 2022 will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic (including the advent of variants and the impact of vaccination on infection and hospitalization rates), the extent and severity of the impact on the Company's customers and suppliers, the continued disruption to the manufacturing of and demand for our businesses' products and services, the effect of federal, state or local regulations regarding safety measures to address the spread of COVID-19, and the impact of the global business and economic environment on liquidity and the availability of capital, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Due to the evolving and uncertain nature of this event, the Company cannot predict at this time the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will adversely impact the Company's business, results and financial condition, which will depend on many factors that are not known at this time. The Company is staying in close communication with its employees, customers and suppliers, and acting to mitigate the impact of this dynamic and evolving situation, but there is no guarantee the Company will be able to do so.

Our business sectors are subject to intense competition.

The markets for our services are highly competitive and often lack significant barriers to entry enabling new businesses to enter these markets relatively easily. Numerous well-established companies and smaller entrepreneurial companies are focusing significant resources on developing and marketing products and services that will compete with our offerings. The market for supply chain management products and services, as well as marketing solutions, is very competitive, and the intensity of the competition is expected to continue to increase. For more information, see Part I, Item 1, “Business—Competition” of our 2021 Annual Report. Any failure to maintain and enhance our competitive position would limit our ability to maintain and increase market share, which could result in serious harm to our business. Increased competition may also result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors will continue to have greater financial, technical, operational and marketing resources. We may not be able to compete successfully against these competitors. Competitive pressures may also force prices for our products and services down, and these price reductions may reduce our revenue. The competition we face may also increase as a result of consolidation within the supply chain management and logistics, and marketing solutions industries. For example, if as a result of consolidation, our competitors are able to obtain more favorable terms from their suppliers, offer more comprehensive services to their customers, or otherwise take actions that increase their competitive strengths, our competitive position and therefore our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, causing volatility in the price of our common stock.

Our annual and quarterly operating results have fluctuated widely during the last several years and may continue to fluctuate due to a number of factors, including:

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•how well we execute on our overall strategy and operating plans;

•implementation of our strategic initiatives and achievement of expected results of these initiatives;

•demand for our services;

•consumer confidence and demand;

•specific economic conditions in the industries in which we compete;

•competitive disruptions or innovations affecting the services or products we provide;

•general economic and financial market conditions;

•timing of new product introductions or software releases by our clients or their competitors;

•payment of costs associated with our acquisitions, sales of assets and investments;

•market acceptance of new products and services;

•seasonality;

•temporary shortages in supply from vendors;

•charges for impairment of long-lived assets, including restructuring in future periods;

•political instability, including changes in tariff laws or natural disasters in the countries in which we operate;

•actual events, circumstances, outcomes and amounts differing from judgments, assumptions and estimates reflected in our accompanying consolidated financial statements;

•changes in accounting rules;

•changes in tax rules and regulations;

•changes in labor laws;

•availability of labor resources and the variability of available rates for labor resources;

•unionization of our labor and contract labor; and

•implementation of automation.

We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations will not necessarily be meaningful or indicative of our future performance. In some fiscal quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline, severely impairing or eliminating the value of your investment. In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Technical factors in the public trading market for our common stock may produce price movements that may or may not comport with macro, industry or company-specific fundamentals, including, without limitation, the sentiment of retail investors (including as may be expressed on financial trading and other social media sites), the amount and status of short interest in our securities, access to margin debt, trading in options and other derivatives on our common stock and any related hedging or other technical trading factors. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and may cause a significant increase in the premium paid for our directors and officers insurance.

The funds held for clients may be subject to credit risk, impairment, misappropriation or theft, and any such incident could result in harm to our clients and damage to our brand.

In the normal course of our business, we, at times, collect, process and/or retain client funds. The client funds are maintained at financial institutions both internationally and domestically, and the balances associated with these funds are at times without or in excess of federally insurable limits. Because such funds may not be fully protected, they could be vulnerable to external or internal unauthorized access or use, which may cause such funds to be impaired, misappropriated or stolen. Any impairment, misappropriation or theft of client funds could damage our reputation, expose us to mitigation costs and the risks of private litigation and government enforcement, disrupt our business and otherwise have a materially adverse effect on our business, sales and results of operations. In addition, our failure to respond quickly and appropriately to any impairment, misappropriation or theft of client funds could exacerbate the consequences to the client and to our business, as well as increase the time or cost necessary to mitigate or resolve the issue.

A decline in our key business sectors or a reduction in consumer demand generally could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

A large portion of the revenue of our Supply Chain business (currently our only business) comes from clients in the technology and consumer products sectors, which is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes. A reduction or interruption in supply, including disruptions on our global supply chain as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant natural disaster (including as a result of climate change) or escalating tensions arising from Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine, or from supply chain issues, a failure to appropriately cancel, reschedule, or adjust our requirements based on our business needs, or a decrease in demand for our services could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition and could materially damage customer relationships. There is currently a market shortage of semiconductor and other electrical

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component supplies, which has affected, and could further affect, our Supply Chain clients in the computing and consumer electrical markets and, consequently, their demand for our offerings. We experienced supply chain challenges during the first half of fiscal 2022 and these may continue throughout the second half of fiscal 2022 or later. During periods of component shortages for our clients, we may also encounter reduced client demand, and accordingly, our revenue and profitability could suffer until other component sources can be developed.

We must maintain adequate levels of inventory in order to meet client needs, which presents risks to our financial position and operating results.

We must purchase and maintain adequate levels of inventory in order to meet client needs on a timely basis. The markets, including the technology sector served by many of our clients, are subject to rapid technological change, new and enhanced product specification requirements, and evolving industry standards. These changes may cause inventory on hand to decline substantially in value or to rapidly become obsolete. The majority of our clients in the Supply Chain business offer protection from the loss in value of inventory. However, our clients may become unable or unwilling to fulfill their protection obligations, and the inability of our clients to do so could lower our gross margins and cause us to record inventory write-downs. If we are unable to manage the inventory on hand with our clients with a high degree of precision, we may have insufficient product supplies to meet demand or we may have excess inventory, resulting in inventory write-downs, which may harm our business, financial position and operating results.

Our ability to obtain particular products or components in the quantities required to fulfill client orders on a timely basis is critical to our success. We have no guaranteed price or delivery agreements with our suppliers. We may occasionally experience a supply shortage of some products as a result of strong demand or problems experienced by our suppliers. If shortages or delays persist, the price of those products may increase, or the products may not be available at all. Accordingly, an inability to secure and maintain an adequate supply of products, packaging materials or components to fulfill our client orders on a timely basis, or a failure to meet clients’ expectations, could result in lost revenue, lower client satisfaction, negative perceptions in the marketplace, potential claims for damages and have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may have problems raising or accessing capital we need in the future.

In recent years, we have financed our operations and met our capital requirements primarily through funds generated from operations, the sale of our securities, borrowings from lending institutions and sale of Company owned facilities that were not being fully utilized. These funding sources may not be sufficient in the future and we may need to obtain additional funding from outside sources; however, we may not be able to obtain such funding. In addition, even if we obtain outside funding sources, we may be required to issue to those outside sources securities with greater rights than those currently possessed by holders of our common stock. We may also be required to take other actions, which may lessen the value of our common stock or dilute our common stockholders, including borrowing money on terms that are not favorable to us or issuing additional shares of common stock. If we experience difficulties raising needed capital in the future, our business could be materially adversely affected.

In addition, market and other conditions largely beyond our control may affect our ability to engage in future sales of our securities, the timing of any such sales and the amount of proceeds we receive. Even if we are able to sell our securities in the future, we may not be able to sell at favorable prices or on favorable terms. As long as our public float is less than $75 million, we will be limited in selling our securities on a short-form registration statement on Form S-3 to offerings that do not exceed one-third of our public float in a rolling 12-month period. Therefore, the process of raising capital to support our growth may be more expensive and time consuming, including the use of a registration statement on Form S-1, and the terms of any offering transaction may not be as favorable as they would have been if we were eligible to use Form S-3 without these restrictions. In addition to entailing increased capital costs, any such transactions could result in substantial dilution of our stockholders' interests, transfer control to a new investor and/or diminish the value of an investment in our common stock.

We may also need to pursue strategic transactions, such as joint ventures, private placements or the sale of our business or all or substantially all of our assets. These private financings and strategic transactions could in the future require significant management attention, disrupt our business, adversely affect our financial results, be unsuccessful or fail to achieve the desired results. We are in discussions from time to time with such possible sources of additional funding.

If financial institutions that have extended credit commitments to us are adversely affected by the conditions of the U.S. and international capital markets, they may become unable to fund borrowings under their credit commitments to us, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to borrow funds, if needed, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other corporate purposes.

We may encounter problems in our efforts to increase operational efficiencies.

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Because the markets in which we operate are highly competitive, we continue to seek to identify ways to increase efficiencies and productivity and effect cost savings. Our Supply Chain business (currently our only business) is continually employing programs to achieve efficiencies, which include investment in capital equipment and automation. We cannot assure you that these projects and capital investments will result in the realization of the expected benefits that we anticipate in a timely manner or at all. We may encounter problems with these projects that will divert the attention of management and/or result in additional costs and unforeseen project delays. If we, or these projects, do not achieve expected results, our business, financial position and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. In addition to already undertaken projects in our Supply Chain business designed to increase our operational efficiencies, including the standardization to a global solutions platform through an integrated ERP system and the implementation of a model utilizing centralized “hub” locations to service multiple “spoke” locations across the Americas, Asia and Europe regions, our executive team is continuing its review across the organization designed to improve our operations.

Loss of essential employees or an inability to recruit and retain personnel could have a significant negative impact on our business.

Our success is largely dependent on the skills, experience, and efforts of the management and other employees of our Supply Chain business (currently our only business). The loss of the services of one or more members of our senior management or of numerous employees with essential skills could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are not able to retain or attract talented, committed individuals to fill vacant positions when needs arise, it may adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives. We do not currently maintain “key persons” insurance on our senior management. Labor market conditions may have an adverse impact on profitability and ability to deliver product on time. Any material increases in employee turnover rates could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to identify, manage, complete and integrate acquisitions and achieve anticipated synergies and benefits.

Part of our business strategy is to acquire businesses that we believe can complement our current business activities, both financially and strategically. Acquisitions involve many complexities and inherent risk, including, but not limited to: failure to achieve all or any projected synergies or other intended benefits of the acquisition; failure to integrate the purchased operations, technologies, products or services; substantial unanticipated integration costs; loss of key employees, including those of the acquired business; additional debt and/or assumption of unknown liabilities; loss of customers; and the impact on our internal controls and compliance with the regulatory requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As a result, there is no guarantee that our acquisitions will increase the profitability and cash flow of the Company, and our efforts could cause unforeseen complexities and additional cash outflows, including financial losses.

We conduct business outside of the U.S., which exposes the Company to additional risks not typically associated with companies that operate solely within the U.S.

The majority of the operations of our Supply Chain business (currently our only business) are in foreign countries, including Mainland China, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Ireland and Singapore. These operations have additional risks, including currency exchange, foreign exchange controls, difficulties and limitations on the repatriation of cash, less developed or efficient financial markets than in the U.S., absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, differences in the legal and regulatory environment, different publicly available information in respect of companies in non-U.S. markets, pressure on the creditworthiness of sovereign nations where we have customers and a balance of cash and marketable securities, different or lesser protection of our intellectual property, including increased risk of theft of our proprietary technology and other intellectual property and possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes.

We also face risks related to compliance with international and U.S. laws and regulations applicable to our international operations. These laws and regulations include data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions foreign exchange controls, U.S. laws such as export control laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and similar laws in other countries which also prohibit corrupt payments to governmental officials or certain payments or remunerations to customers. Given the high level of complexity of these laws, there is a risk that some provisions may be inadvertently breached. Also, we may be held liable for actions taken by our local partners. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, and prohibitions on the conduct of our business. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services in one or more countries.

Certain geopolitical factors may also affect our operations internationally, including:

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•liquidity issues or political actions by sovereign nations, including nations with a controlled currency environment, which could result in decreased values of these balances or potential difficulties protecting our foreign assets or satisfying local obligations;

•impacts of or uncertainties regarding the United Kingdom’s exit from the EU (“Brexit”) on regulations, currencies, taxes and operations, including possible disruptions to the sale of our services or the movement of our people between the United Kingdom, EU and other locations;

•uncertainty regarding the imposition of and changes in the United States’ and other governments’ trade regulations, trade wars, tariffs, other restrictions or other geopolitical events, including the evolving relations between the United States and China, the United States and Russia and the recent Russian invasion of Ukraine;

•changes in the public perception of governments in the regions where we operate or plan to operate; and

•regional economic and political conditions.

Any of these factors could negatively impact our business and results of operations. The above factors may also negatively impact our ability to successfully expand into emerging market countries, where we have little or no operating experience, where it can be costly and challenging to establish and maintain operations, including hiring and managing required personnel, and difficult to promote our brand, and where we may not benefit from any first-to-market advantage or otherwise succeed.

Our business in Mainland China faces specific risks.

Our Supply Chain business (currently our only business) faces certain specific risks relating to operations in Mainland China and its complex and unpredictable political, economic and legal environment. Foreign businesses must navigate a complex set of licensing and tax requirements and restrictions affecting their conduct of business in Mainland China, and the Chinese government may in the future adopt additional measures favoring local businesses that make it more difficult for foreign businesses to operate on an equal footing. From time to time, the Chinese government also implements various corrective measures, including, but not limited to, controls on credit or prices and currency restrictions, to regulate growth and inflation. These and any other measures could adversely affect our ability to operate in Mainland China and/or inhibit economic activity in China and thereby harm the market for our products and services.

In addition, as China’s legal system continues to evolve, the interpretation and enforcement of many laws, regulations and rules involve significant uncertainties, including with respect to intellectual property protection. Any third parties we rely on in Mainland China may disclose our or our clients’ confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties, which could result in the illegal distribution and sale of counterfeit versions of our products. The legal protections and remedies available in the event of any claims or disputes may be limited and any litigation in Mainland China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Moreover, our ability to operate in Mainland China may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and Chinese laws and regulations, such as those related to, among other things, international trade, taxation, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, employee benefits and other matters. For example, the U.S. administration has advocated greater restrictions on trade generally and significant increases on tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States, particularly from Mainland China and has taken steps toward restricting trade in certain goods. China and other countries have retaliated in response to new trade policies, treaties and tariffs implemented by the United States. China has imposed significant tariffs on U.S. imports since 2018. Such trade escalations have had, and may continue to have, an adverse effect on manufacturing and trade levels and specifically, may cause an increase in the cost of goods exported from Asia Pacific and the risks associated with exporting goods from the region. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

The physical or intellectual property of our clients may be damaged, misappropriated, stolen or lost while in our possession, subjecting us to potential litigation and other adverse consequences.

In the course of providing supply chain management services to our clients, we often have possession of or access to their physical and intellectual property, including consigned inventory, databases, software masters, certificates of authenticity and similar valuable physical or intellectual property. If this physical or intellectual property is damaged, misappropriated, stolen or lost, we could suffer: claims under client agreements or applicable law, or other liability for damages; delayed or lost revenue due to adverse client reaction; negative publicity; and litigation that could be costly and time consuming and which may not be reimbursable by third party insurance coverages.

A significant disruption in, or breach in security of, our technology systems could adversely affect our business.

We rely on information and operational technology systems in the conduct of our business to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of critical business processes and activities. In some cases, we may rely

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upon third-party providers of hosting, support and other services to meet our information technology requirements. We also collect and store sensitive data, including confidential business information and personal data. Upgrading our information technology systems is costly and subject to delay, and there is no assurance new systems will provide the benefits expected. We may also experience operational problems attributable to the installation, implementation, integration, performance, features or functionality of third-party software, systems and services.

In addition, our information and operational technology systems are subject to disruption, damage or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, worms or other malicious software programs, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters, defects in design, employee malfeasance, and human or technological errors. Cybersecurity incidents in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to, use of malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data or control of automated production systems, and other security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data. Various procedures and controls to monitor, deter and mitigate these threats have been implemented. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of technology security incidents and disruptions, our businesses could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, theft, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, financial condition, reputation or results of operations. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual or attempted cyber-attacks of our information technology systems or networks, yet none of these actual or attempted cyber-attacks has had a material effect on our operations or financial condition. Further, any failure by our hosting and support partners or other third-party service providers in the performance of their services could materially harm our business. While we try to maintain cybersecurity insurance coverage that we believe is adequate for our business, such coverage may not cover all potential costs and expenses associated with any security incidents that may occur or may not be available at a reasonable cost in the marketplace in the future.

A breach of our information technology systems could also result in the misappropriation of intellectual property, business plans or trade secrets. Any failure of our systems or those of our third-party service providers could result in unauthorized access or acquisition of proprietary information. Any actual or perceived security breach could cause significant damage to our reputation, expose us to liability or regulatory enforcement action and adversely impact our relationships with our customers or vendors. Additionally, while our security systems are designed to maintain the physical security of our facilities and information systems, accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access by third parties to our facilities or our information systems could lead to misappropriation of proprietary and confidential information.

If any person, including any of our employees or those with whom we share such information, negligently disregards or intentionally breaches our established controls with respect to our client, customer or employee data, or otherwise mismanages or misappropriates that data, we could be subject to significant monetary damages, litigation, regulatory enforcement actions, fines and/or criminal prosecution in one or more jurisdictions. State and federal laws may also require us to provide notice to affected individuals if their personal data is the subject of a security breach, which would impose costs and could lead to additional liability and negative publicity.

We take cybersecurity and data privacy seriously and devote significant resources and tools to protect our systems, products and data and to prevent unwanted intrusions and disclosures, in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state laws and non-U.S. laws and regulations addressing cybersecurity and data privacy. In particular, we have put in place policies and procedures to address the European General Data Protection Regulation, which went into effect in May 2018, and the California Consumer Privacy Act, which went into effect in January 2020. However, these security and compliance efforts are costly to implement and may not be successful. There can be no assurance that we will be able to prevent, detect and adequately address or mitigate all cyber-attacks or security breaches. Any such breach could have a material adverse effect on our operations and our reputation and could cause irreparable damage to us or our systems, regardless of whether we or our third-party providers are able to adequately recover critical systems following a systems failure.

The various United States federal government orders and regulations directing employers to require their employees to be vaccinated could lead to labor disruptions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

On September 9, 2021, U.S. President Joseph R. Biden announced plans for the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) to issue an Emergency Temporary Standard (“ETS”) mandating that all employers with more than 100 employees ensure their workers are either fully vaccinated against COVID-19 or produce, on a weekly basis, a negative COVID test (the “vaccine mandate”). On November 4, 2021, OSHA issued the ETS, which will require covered employers to comply with the vaccine mandate beginning January 4, 2022 or face substantial penalties for non-compliance. Currently, the implementation of the vaccine mandate has been blocked by a federal appeals court, subject to the resolution of ongoing litigation challenging the

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constitutionality of the rules. In addition to the vaccine mandate, it is possible that additional mandates may be announced by foreign or local jurisdictions that could impact our workforce and operations. As a company with more than 100 employees, unless these new regulations are overturned, we would thus be required to comply with the vaccine mandate.

Although we cannot predict with certainty the impact that the potential vaccine mandate and any other related measures may have on our workforce and operations, these mandates may result in increased operating costs, labor disruptions or employee attrition, which could be material. If we lose employees, it may be difficult in the current competitive labor market to find replacement employees, and this could have an adverse effect on future revenues and costs, which could be material. In addition, additional uncertainty could be caused by competing and potentially conflicting laws and regulations, such as the recent executive order issued by the Governor of Texas prohibiting vaccine mandates. Furthermore, these measures may further disrupt the national supply chain, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Litigation pending against us could materially impact our business and results of operations.

We are currently a party to various legal and other proceedings. See Part II, Item 1, “Legal Proceedings” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Trends in litigation may include class actions involving consumers, shareholders or employees, and claims relating to commercial, labor, employment, antitrust, securities or environmental matters. Litigation trends and the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and adverse litigation trends and outcomes could result in material damages and/or other expenses, which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We can provide no assurances as to the outcome of any litigation

RISKS RELATED TO TAXATION

We may be unable to realize the benefits of our net operating loss carry-forwards and other tax benefits (collectively, "NOLs" or "Tax Benefits").

Our past operations generated significant NOLs. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which among, other things, amends the treatment of NOLs. Under federal tax laws, for NOLs arising in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, we generally can use any such NOLs and certain related tax credits to reduce ordinary income tax paid in our prior two tax years or on our future taxable income for up to 20 years, at which point they expire for such purposes. Until they expire, we can carry forward NOLs and certain related tax credits that we do not use in any particular year to offset taxable income in future years. For NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2021, we are allowed to carryback such NOLs to each of the five taxable years preceding the taxable year of such losses and generally can use any such NOLs and certain related tax credits to reduce ordinary income tax paid on our future taxable income indefinitely; however, except for NOLs generated in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and prior to January 1, 2021 (which can be carried back to reduce taxable income for the prior five tax years), any such NOLs cannot be used to reduce ordinary income tax paid in prior tax years. In addition, the deduction for NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2020 is limited to 80 percent of our taxable income for any tax year (computed without regard to the NOL deduction). NOLs arising in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, are referred to herein as "Current NOLs." The Company had net NOL carryforwards for federal and state tax purposes of approximately $2.1 billion and $111.0 million, respectively, at July 31, 2021, substantially all of which arose in tax years ending before January 1, 2018, While we cannot estimate the exact amount of NOLs that we will be able use to reduce future income tax liability because we cannot predict the amount and timing of our future taxable income.

Our ability to utilize our NOLs to offset future taxable income may be significantly limited if we experience an "ownership change," as determined under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code" or "Internal Revenue Code"). Under Section 382, an "ownership change" occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders that each owns (or is deemed to own) at least 5% of our common stock increases their aggregate ownership by more than 50 percentage points over its lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. If an ownership change occurs, Section 382 would impose an annual limit on the amount of our NOLs that we can use to offset taxable income equal to the product of the total value of our outstanding equity immediately prior to the ownership change (reduced by certain items specified in Section 382) and the federal long-term tax-exempt interest rate in effect for the month of the ownership change. Several complex rules apply to calculating this annual limit.

If an ownership change is deemed to occur, the limitations imposed by Section 382 could significantly limit our ability to use our NOLs to reduce future income tax liability and result in a material amount of our Current NOLs expiring unused and, therefore, significantly impair the value of our NOLs. While the complexity of Section 382’s provisions and the limited knowledge any public company has about the ownership of its publicly traded securities make it difficult to determine whether an ownership change has occurred, we currently believe that an ownership change has not occurred.

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Our ability to use our Current NOLs in future years will depend upon the amount of our federal and state taxable income. If we do not have sufficient federal and state taxable income in future years to use the Current NOLs before they expire, we will lose the benefit of the Current NOLs permanently. In addition to the generation of future federal and state taxable income, our ability to use our Current NOLs will depend significantly on our success in identifying suitable acquisition or investment candidates, and once identified, successfully consummating an acquisition of, or investment in these candidates. We have adopted an amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Protective Amendment”) and a tax benefit preservation plan (“Tax Plan”), each designed to preserve our ability to utilize our NOLs, by preventing an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 that would impair our ability to utilize our NOLs. For more information, see Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Tax Benefits Preservation Plan” of the 2021 Annual Report.

Although the Tax Plan is intended to diminish the likelihood of an ownership change, we cannot assure you that it will be effective. The amount by which an ownership interest may change in the future could, for example, be affected by purchases and sales of common stock by stockholders holding five percent or more of our outstanding common stock, over which we have no control, and new issuances of shares of common stock by us, should we choose to do so.

The amount of NOLs that we have claimed has not been audited or otherwise validated by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The IRS could challenge our calculation of the amount of our NOLs or our determinations as to when a prior change in ownership occurred, and other provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to carry forward our NOLs to offset taxable income in future years. If the IRS was successful with respect to any such challenge, the potential tax benefit of the NOLs to us could be substantially reduced. In addition, determining whether an ownership change has occurred is subject to uncertainty, both because of the complexity and ambiguity of the Section 382 provisions and because of limitations on the knowledge that any publicly traded company can have about the ownership of, and transactions in, its securities on a timely basis. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the IRS or other taxing authority will not claim that we experienced an ownership change and attempt to reduce the benefit of the NOLs even if the Protective Amendment and Tax Plan are in place. Any of the above risks to our ability to use our NOLs could significantly impair our financial condition and materially adversely affect the value of your investment.

There may be adverse effects on the value of your investment from our use of the Protective Amendment and Tax Plan.

The Protective Amendment and Tax Plan are intended to deter persons or groups of persons from acquiring beneficial ownership of our Common Stock in excess of the specified limitations, as a way of preventing an “ownership change” and protecting our ability to use our NOLs. For more information, see Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Tax Benefits Preservation Plan” of the 2021 Annual Report. Nonetheless, the Protective Amendment and Tax Plan may have an “anti-takeover effect” because they may deter a person or group of persons from acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99 percent or more of our outstanding common stock or, in the case of a person or group of persons that already own 4.99 percent or more of our outstanding common stock, from acquiring any additional common stock. The Protective Amendment and Tax Plan could discourage or prevent a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or accumulations of substantial blocks of shares of common stock.

Additionally, a stockholder’s ability to dispose of our common stock may be limited if the Protective Amendment or Tax Plan reduces the number of persons willing to acquire our common stock or the amount they are willing to acquire. Thus, the Protective Amendment and Tax Plan could severely reduce liquidity of our common stock, negatively impacting the value of your investment. A stockholder may also become a greater than 4.99 percent stockholder upon actions taken by persons related to, or affiliated with, that stockholder. Stockholders are advised to carefully monitor their ownership of our common stock and consult their own legal advisors and/or us to determine whether their ownership of common stock approaches the proscribed level.

We are subject to federal, state and foreign tax audits, which could result in the imposition of liabilities that may or may not have been reserved, and changes in our provision for income taxes.

We are subject to audits by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions with respect to income taxes and for various other taxes, including but not limited to value added tax ("VAT"), excise tax, sales and use tax, gross receipts tax and property tax. These audits can cover periods for several years prior to the date the audit is undertaken and could result in the imposition of liabilities, interest and penalties if our positions are not accepted by the auditing tax authority.

In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), an international association comprised of 38 countries, including the United States, has made changes and is contemplating additional changes to numerous long-standing tax principles. There can be no assurance that these changes and any contemplated changes finalized and adopted by countries, will not have an adverse impact on our provision for income taxes.

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We may be subject to state sales taxes that we have not paid, or collected from our customers or reserved for on our financial statements, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

On June 21, 2018, the United States Supreme Court rendered a decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. holding that a state may require a remote seller with no physical presence in the state to collect and remit sales tax on goods and services provided to purchasers in the state, overturning certain existing court precedent. We are evaluating our state tax filings with respect to the Wayfair decision and prior regulations, and are in the process of reviewing our collection practices. It is possible that one or more jurisdictions may assert that we have liability for periods for which we have not collected sales, use or other similar taxes and, if such an assertion or assertions were successful, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. One or more jurisdictions may change their laws or policies to apply their sales, use or other similar taxes to our operations and if such changes were made, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Changes in tax rates, laws or regulations, including U.S. government tax reform, could have a negative impact on the results of future operations.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Changes in various tax laws can and do occur. For example, on December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted. The Act made substantial changes to the IRC, some of which could have an adverse effect on our business. Among other things, the Act (i) reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018, (ii) limits annual deductions for interest net expense to no more than 30% of our “adjusted taxable income,” plus 100% of our business interest income for the year and (iii) permits a taxpayer to offset only 80% (rather than 100%) of its taxable income with any U.S. NOLs generated for taxable years beginning after 2017. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretative guidance that may significantly impact how we will apply the law and impact our results of operations in the period issued. While the U.S. Department of the Treasury has issued some proposed regulations since the enactment of the Act, additional guidance is likely forthcoming.

The current U.S. presidential administration has various proposals that, if enacted, would cause significant changes to existing tax law, in particular, an increase in U.S. federal income taxes on corporations and the tax rate on foreign earnings. Additionally, longstanding international tax norms that determine each country’s jurisdiction to tax cross-border international trade are subject to potential evolution. In connection with the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Integrated Framework provided by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”), the OECD recently reached an agreement to align countries on a minimum corporate tax rate and expand taxing rights of market countries. As a result of this agreement, the determination of multi-jurisdictional taxation rights and the rate of tax applicable to certain types of income may be subject to potential change. There can be no assurance that future changes to federal and state tax laws in the U.S. and foreign income tax laws will not be proposed or enacted that could materially or adversely impact our business or financial results. If and when any or all of these changes are put into effect, they could result in tax increases where we do business both in and outside of the United States, and could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations.

RISKS RELATED TO OWNERSHIP OF OUR COMMON STOCK

Our failure to maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On April 28, 2020, we received a deficiency letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that, for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price of the Company's common stock has not been maintained at the minimum required closing bid price of at least $1.00 per share as required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market pursuant to Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) (the "Minimum Bid Price Rule"). On January 26, 2021, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying it that it had regained full compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, and that the matter was closed. From that date until the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock has fluctuated from a low of $0.92 to a high of $2.45. The Company's continued compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule is dependent on the Company's share price and there can be no assurance that Company will continue to satisfy Nasdaq’s minimum financial and other requirements in future periods.

The perception among investors that the Company is at heightened risk of a deficiency under the Minimum Bid Price Rule and of subsequent delisting could negatively affect the market price of our securities and trading volume of the Company's common stock. Additionally, any delisting determination, if made following the notification of a deficiency and expiration of any applicable cure period, could seriously decrease or eliminate the value of an investment in the Company's common stock. While an alternative listing on an over-the-counter exchange could maintain some degree of a market in the Company's common stock,

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we could face substantial material adverse consequences, including, but not limited to: limited availability for market quotations for the Company's common stock; reduced liquidity with respect to the Company's common stock; a determination that the Company's common stock is a "penny stock" under SEC rules, subjecting brokers trading the Company's common stock to more stringent rules on disclosure and the class of investors to which the broker may sell the common stock; and limited news and analyst coverage.

SPH Group Holdings LLC and its affiliates own a majority of the voting power of our capital stock and have significant influence over our corporate decisions.

As of January 31, 2022, SPH Group Holdings LLC ("SPHG Holdings") and its affiliates, including Steel Holdings, Handy & Harman Ltd. and Steel Partners, Ltd., owned approximately 30.2% of our outstanding common stock, and a Section 13(d) group made of SPHG Holdings and certain of its affiliates collectively owned 34.8% of our outstanding common stock. Assuming conversion of the Series C Preferred Stock, which vote on an as-converted basis together with our common stock, and 7.50% Convertible Note, which do not vote on an as-converted basis together with our common stock, as of January 31, 2022, SPHG Holdings and its affiliates, including Steel Holdings, Handy & Harman Ltd. and Steel Partners, Ltd. owned approximately 50.0%, and, when combined with its above-named affiliates, approximately 53.4%, of the outstanding shares of common stock, representing, with respect to the latter group, 49.6% of the voting power.

As a result of this board representation and ownership of our capital stock, SPHG Holdings and its affiliates are able to influence our management and affairs and many matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, the passage of a tax benefits preservation plan and certain amendments to our organizational documents. In addition, because a business combination, such as a merger or consolidation, requires the affirmative vote of 75% of our outstanding voting stock, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our Company and might adversely affect the market price of our common stock. SPHG Holdings and its affiliates may also have interests that are different from other shareholders and may vote in a way that may be adverse to our other stockholders' interests, conflicts of interest, or the appearance of conflicts of interest, could arise between our interests and the interests of SPHG Holdings and its affiliates. See Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements of our 2021 Annual Report for additional information.

Members of our Board also have significant interests in Steel Holdings and its affiliates, which may create conflicts of interest.

Some members of our Board also hold positions with Steel Holdings and its affiliates. Specifically, Warren G. Lichtenstein, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of the Board, is affiliated with Steel Holdings and is the Executive Chairman of Steel Partners Holdings GP Inc. ("Steel Holdings GP"). Glen Kassan, our Vice Chairman of the Board and former Chief Administrative Officer, is an employee of Steel Services. Jack L. Howard, a director, is the President and a director of Steel Holdings GP. See our 2021 Annual Report for full biographical information for Messrs. Lichtenstein, Kassan and Howard.

As a result, these individuals may face potential conflicts of interest with each other and with our stockholders. They may be presented with situations in their capacity as either an officer or as our directors that conflict with their fiduciary obligations to Steel Holdings and its affiliates, which in turn may have interests that conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. While our contractual arrangements place restrictions on the parties' conduct in certain situations and related party transactions are subject to independent review and approval in accordance with our related party transaction approval procedures and applicable law, the potential for a conflict of interest exists and such persons may have conflicts of interest, or the appearance of conflicts of interest, with respect to matters involving or affecting SPHG Holdings and affiliates.

There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction between us and Steel Holdings will be agreed upon, approved and ultimately consummated and the terms of any such transaction may differ materially from those originally proposed by Steel Holdings.

On November 19, 2020, the Company's Board received a preliminary, non-binding expression of interest from Steel Holdings to acquire all of the outstanding shares of common stock not already owned by Steel Holdings or its affiliates for a combination of cash and Steel Holdings 6% Series A Preferred Units, which would imply a value per share of common stock in the range of $0.65 to $0.72 per share.

The transaction, as proposed, is subject to negotiation, and we continue to negotiate the non-binding expression of interest with Steel Holdings. No decision has yet been made with respect to Steel Connect’s response to the expression of interest or any alternatives thereto and we and Steel Holdings have not yet reached a definitive offer to purchase. Any definitive agreement with respect to such transaction is subject to approval by the board of directors of Steel Holdings, the Board and shareholders. Such

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definitive agreement would be expected to contain customary closing conditions, including standard regulatory notifications and approvals.

As a result, we cannot predict whether the terms of such transaction will be agreed upon by Steel Holdings and the Board's special committee for recommendation to their respective boards of directors, for approval of the transaction or whether any such transactions would be approved by the requisite votes of our shareholders.

We also cannot predict the timing, final structure or other terms of any potential transaction and the terms of any such transaction may differ materially from those originally proposed by Steel Holdings. The pendency of any such proposed transaction may have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on the market price of our common stock. We also cannot reasonably predict the impact that the IWCO Disposition will have on the market’s long-term perception of our value or on our overall valuation, and, in turn, the impact that it may have on a possible acquisitive transaction, if any, with Steel Holdings. In addition, we expect to incur a number of non-recurring, transaction-related costs associated with negotiating the proposed transaction.

Our Board may choose to effect a reverse split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock at the ratio of one-for-ten, the effects of which we cannot predict with certainty and which may be materially adverse to the value of your investment in our common stock.

At our Annual Meeting of stockholders held on July 26, 2021, our stockholders approved a reverse split of the issued and outstanding shares of our common stock at the ratio of one-for-ten (the “Reverse Stock Split”). Our board is authorized to determine when to file the necessary amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation for the Reverse Stock Split with the Delaware Secretary of State at any time on or before the 12-month anniversary of stockholder approval thereof. The board may, at its discretion, cause the filing of the amendment to effect the Reverse Stock Split or abandon the amendment and not effect the Reverse Stock Split if it determines that any such action is or is not in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. The board’s decision as to whether and when to effect the Reverse Stock Split will be based on a number of factors, including market conditions, existing and expected trading prices for our common stock, and the Nasdaq Rules. Upon consummation of the Reverse Stock Split, every ten shares of common stock held by a stockholder at that time will be combined into one share of common stock. The Reverse Stock Split will affect all of our stockholders uniformly and will not affect any stockholder’s percentage ownership interests in the Company or proportionate voting power, except for minor adjustments due to the treatment of fractional shares. No fractional shares will be issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split.

If the Reverse Stock Split is implemented, our board expects that it will increase the market price of our common stock so that we are able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule. However, the effect of the Reverse Stock Split upon the market price of our common stock cannot be predicted with any certainty, and the history of similar stock splits for companies in like circumstances is varied. It is possible that (i) the per share price of our common stock after the Reverse Stock Split will not rise in proportion to the reduction in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding resulting from the Reverse Stock Split, (ii) the market price per post-Reverse Stock Split share may ultimately not exceed or remain in excess of the $1.00 minimum bid price for a sustained period of time, or (iii) the Reverse Stock Split may not result in a per share price that would attract brokers and investors who do not trade in lower priced stocks. In addition, if the Reverse Stock Split is implemented and the market price of our common stock declines, the percentage decline may be greater than would occur in the absence of a reverse stock split. Furthermore, although our board believes that the decrease in the number of shares of our common stock outstanding as a consequence of the Reverse Stock Split and the anticipated increase in the market price of our common stock could encourage interest in our common stock and possibly promote greater liquidity for our stockholders, such liquidity could also be adversely affected by the reduced number of shares outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split. The liquidity of our common stock may be harmed by the proposed Reverse Stock Split given the reduced number of shares of common stock that would be outstanding after the Reverse Stock Split, particularly if the stock price does not increase as a result of the Reverse Stock Split.

Additionally, at our annual meeting of stockholders held on July 26, 2021, our stockholders approved the amendment to our Restated Certificate of Incorporation to reduce the number of shares of authorized common stock (the “Authorized Shares Reduction”), from 1,400,000,000 to 140,000,000. While our board currently intends to implement the Authorized Shares Reduction to the extent that it implements the Reverse Stock Split, our board reserves its right to elect not to proceed with the Authorized Shares Reduction if it determines, in its sole discretion, following stockholder approval, that this proposal is no longer in the best interests of the Company or its stockholders. Under these circumstances, the Reverse Stock Split could have an anti-takeover effect. A relative increase in the number of our authorized shares of common stock could enable the board to render more difficult or discourage an attempt by a party attempting to obtain control of the Company by tender offer or other means. The issuance of common stock in a public or private sale, merger or similar transaction would increase the number of outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote, increase the number of votes required to approve a change of control of the Company,

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and dilute the interest of a party attempting to obtain control of the Company. Any such issuance could deprive stockholders of benefits that could result from an attempt to obtain control of the Company, such as the realization of a premium over the market price that the attempt could cause. Moreover, the issuance of common stock to persons friendly to the board could make it more difficult to remove incumbent officers and directors from office even if the change were favorable to stockholders generally. However, this anti-takeover effect is not the purpose or intent of our board. Even if we were not to implement the Authorized Shares Reduction, we have no present intent to use the relative increase in the number of authorized but unissued shares of our common stock for anti-takeover purposes. We are not aware of any pending or threatened efforts to obtain control of the Company, and the board has no present intent to authorize the issuance of additional shares of common stock to discourage these efforts if they were to arise.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESS

As of January 31, 2022, the carrying value of the debt outstanding was approximately $371.1 million, which was comprised of $361.0 million outstanding on the Cerberus Term Loan and $10.1 million outstanding on a 7.50% Senior Convertible Notes due March 1, 2024. The Cerberus Term Loan balance was extinguished upon the IWCO Direct Disposal. We had no balances outstanding under our MidCap Credit Agreement as of January 31, 2022, and as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we have no balances outstanding under our Umpqua Revolver.

Our indebtedness could restrict our operations and make us more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions.

Although, following the IWCO Direct Disposal, our only outstanding debt is under our 7.50% Senior Convertible Notes (we had no debt outstanding under our MidCap Credit Agreement when we terminated it and we currently have no debt outstanding under our Umpqua Revolver), indebtedness we incur in the future could have important consequences for us and our stockholders. For more information, see Part II, Item 5, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt and Financing Arrangements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Debt agreements we enter into in the future could require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. In addition, such indebtedness could:

•increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and competitive pressures in our industry;

•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt;

•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry; and

•limit our ability to borrow additional funds on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

Such future debt agreements could also contain affirmative and negative covenants, including with regard to specified financial covenants, which limit and restrict our operations and may hamper our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Events beyond our control could affect our ability to meet these and other covenants under the debt agreements. Our failure to comply with those covenants and other obligations under the debt agreements may result in an event of default thereunder. A default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of future indebtedness. This could have serious consequences to our financial condition, operating results and business, and could cause us to become insolvent or enter into bankruptcy proceedings, and shareholders may lose all or a portion of their investment because of the priority of the claims of the creditors on the assets.

Changes in reference interest rates could adversely affect our results from operations and financial condition.

An increase in prevailing interest rates would have an effect on the interest rates charged on our variable rate debt, which rise and fall upon changes in reference interest rates. If prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates, the increased interest expense would adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness.

In addition to this, LIBOR, the London Interbank Offered Rate, is the basic rate of interest used in lending between banks on the London interbank market and is widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans globally. The Company typically uses LIBOR as a reference rate in the Company's credit facilities such that the interest due to our lenders is calculated using LIBOR. In 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA"), which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021. It is unclear if at that time whether or not LIBOR will cease to exist, if new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021 or if replacement conventions will be

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developed. In March 2021, the FCA confirmed that all of the LIBOR settings for Euro and Swiss Franc and some of the LIBOR settings for Japanese Yen, Sterling and US dollars will cease in December 2021 and the remainder of the LIBOR settings for US dollars will cease in June 2023. To identify a successor rate for LIBOR, financial regulators in various countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Switzerland, have formed working groups with the aim of recommending alternatives to LIBOR denominated in their local currencies. Some of the financial regulators have identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as their preferred alternative rate for LIBOR.

SOFR is observed and backward-looking, which stands in contrast with LIBOR under the current methodology, which is an estimated forward-looking rate and relies, to some degree, on the expert judgment of submitting panel members. Given that SOFR is a secured rate backed by government securities, it will be a rate that does not take into account bank credit risk (as is the case with LIBOR). Whether or not SOFR attains market traction as a LIBOR replacement tool remains in question. Although certain financial regulators have indicated their preference for SOFR as the preferred replacement rate for LIBOR, it is unclear if other benchmarks may emerge or if other rates will be adopted. As such, the future of LIBOR is uncertain.

At this time, due to a lack of consensus existing as to what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, it is impossible to predict the effect of any such alternatives on the Company's liquidity or interest expense. Uncertainty regarding the continued use and reliability of LIBOR as a benchmark interest rate could adversely affect the performance of LIBOR relative to its historic values. However, even if the financial instruments transition to using alternative benchmarks like SOFR successfully, the new benchmarks are likely to differ from LIBOR, as the alternative benchmark rate may be calculated differently. If LIBOR ceases to exist, the Company may also need to renegotiate its credit agreements that utilize LIBOR as a factor in determining the interest rate to replace LIBOR with the new standard that is established. This may increase the interest expense associated with our outstanding indebtedness or any future indebtedness we may incur. Further, transitioning to an alternative benchmark rate, such as SOFR, may result in us incurring expense and legal risks, as renegotiation and changes to documentation may be required in effecting the transition. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect our borrowing costs, financial condition, and results of operations.

GENERAL RISK FACTORS

An increase in our effective tax rate may adversely impact our results of operations.

A number of factors may increase our future effective tax rates, including:

•the jurisdictions in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed;

•the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various tax authorities;

•changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;

•adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns;

•increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including write-offs of acquired in-process research and development, impact of costs associated with business combinations and impairments of goodwill in connection with acquisitions;

•changes in available tax credits;

•changes in share-based compensation;

•changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws and changes in generally accepted accounting principles;

•the repatriation of non-U.S. earnings for which we have not previously provided for U.S. taxes; and

•increases in tax rates in various jurisdictions.

Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could reduce net income for future periods.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

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Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement; Item 1.02 Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement.

On March 16, 2022, ModusLink, as borrower, and certain of its subsidiaries as guarantors (the "Umpqua Guarantors"), entered into a revolving credit agreement (the "Umpqua Credit Agreement"), with Umpqua Bank, as lender ("Umpqua"). The Umpqua Credit Agreement, which expires on March 16, 2024, provides for a maximum credit commitment of $12.5 million and a sublimit of $5.0 million for letters of credit. Amounts borrowed under the Umpqua Credit Agreement are due and payable, together with all unpaid interest, fees and other obligations, on March 16, 2024.

Generally, borrowings under the Umpqua Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Prime Rate (as defined in the Umpqua Credit Agreement) or at SOFR plus 2.50%, as selected by ModusLink at the time of borrowing. In addition to paying interest on outstanding principal under the Umpqua Credit Agreement, ModusLink is required to pay an unused line fee of 0.10% per annum. ModusLink is also required to pay a customary letter of credit fee for each commercial letter of credit equal to the greatest of (A) $120 and (B) the 1.00% times the daily maximum amount available to be drawn under such letter of credit, and a letter of credit fee for each standby letter of credit equal to the greater of (A) $250 and (B) 1.00% times the daily maximum amount available to be drawn under such letter of credit during the succeeding three months.

Obligations under the Umpqua Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Umpqua Guarantors, and the Umpqua Credit Agreement is secured by security interests in substantially all of the assets of ModusLink and the Umpqua Guarantors, including a pledge of all of the equity interests of each subsidiary of ModusLink. Steel Connect, Inc. is not a borrower or a guarantor under the Umpqua Credit Agreement.

The Umpqua Credit Agreement includes certain representations and warranties of ModusLink, as well as events of default and certain affirmative and negative covenants that are customary for credit agreements of this type. These covenants include restrictions on borrowings, investments and dispositions by ModusLink, as well as limitations on ModusLink's ability to make certain distributions and to enter into transactions with affiliates. The Umpqua Credit Agreement requires compliance with certain financial covenants providing for the maintenance of a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum adjusted tangible net worth and a maximum cash flow leverage ratio, all as more fully described in the Umpqua Credit Agreement.

The foregoing description of the Umpqua Revolver does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Umpqua Revolver, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.2 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Concurrent with signing the Umpqua Credit Agreement, ModusLink submitted a notice of termination to MidCap for its MidCap Credit Agreement, which was set to expire on December 31, 2022.

For more information, see Part II, Item 5, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt and Financing Arrangements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt and Financing Arrangements—MidCap Credit Facility.”

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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Transaction Agreement, dated February 25, 2022, between IWCO Direct Holdings, Inc., Cerberus Business Finance, LLC, the lenders and participating lender purchasers party thereto, Steel Connect, Inc., SPH Group Holdings LLC and Instant Web Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2022).
10.2*#	Credit Agreement dated as of March 16, 2022 between ModusLink Corporation, as borrower, and Umpqua Bank, as Lender
31.1*	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1±	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2±	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*	The following financial information from Steel Connect, Inc.'s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2022 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2022 and July 31, 2021, (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 (iii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021, (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three and six months ended January 31, 2022 and 2021 and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

*Filed herewith.

±    Furnished herewith.

#     Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601 (a)(5) of Regulation S-K.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	STEEL CONNECT, INC.
Date: March 17, 2022	By:	/S/ JASON WONG
		Jason Wong
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)

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