REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Company's revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major good or service line and timing of revenue recognition. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments.



	Three Months Ended April 30, 2020						Three Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Major Goods/Service Lines
Marketing solutions offerings	$	98,284	$	—	$	98,284	$	116,006	$	—	$	116,006
Supply chain management services	—		78,626		78,626		—		77,508		77,508
Other	—		441		441		—		489		489
	$	98,284	$	79,067	$	177,351	$	116,006	$	77,997	$	194,003
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred over time	$	98,284	$	—	$	98,284	$	116,006	$	—	$	116,006
Services transferred over time	—		79,067		79,067		—		77,997		77,997
	$	98,284	$	79,067	$	177,351	$	116,006	$	77,997	$	194,003



	Nine Months Ended April 30, 2020						Nine Months Ended April 30, 2019
	Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total		Direct Marketing		Supply Chain		Consolidated Total
	(In thousands)
Major Goods/Service Lines
Marketing solutions offerings	$	354,404	$	—	$	354,404	$	362,547	$	—	$	362,547
Supply chain management services	—		262,242		262,242		—		251,300		251,300
Other	—		1,310		1,310		—		1,512		1,512
	$	354,404	$	263,552	$	617,956	$	362,547	$	252,812	$	615,359
Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods transferred over time	$	354,404	$	—	$	354,404	$	362,547	$	—	$	362,547
Services transferred over time	—		263,552		263,552		—		252,812		252,812
	$	354,404	$	263,552	$	617,956	$	362,547	$	252,812	$	615,359

Marketing Solutions Offerings

IWCO's revenue is generated through the provision of data-driven marketing solutions, primarily through providing direct mail products to customers. Revenue related to the majority of IWCO's marketing solutions contracts, which typically consist of a single integrated performance obligation, is recognized over time as the Company performs because the products have no alternative use to the Company.

Supply Chain Management Services

ModusLink's revenue primarily comes from the sale of supply chain management services to its clients. Amounts billed to customers under these arrangements include revenue attributable to the services performed as well as for materials procured on the customer's behalf as part of its service to them. The majority of these arrangements consist of two distinct performance obligations (i.e., warehousing/inventory management service and a separate kitting/packaging/assembly service), revenue related to each of which is recognized over time as services are performed using an input method based on the level of efforts expended.

Other

Other revenue consists of cloud-based software subscriptions, software maintenance and support service contracts, and fees for professional services. Revenue related to these arrangements is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement or over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs incurred in satisfying the obligations under the contract.

Contract Balances

Timing of revenue recognition may differ from timing of invoicing to customers. The Company records contract assets and liabilities related to its contracts with customers as follows:


•	Accounts receivable when revenue is recognized prior to receipt of cash payments and if the right to such amounts is unconditional and solely based on the passage of time.

•

Contract asset when the Company recognizes revenue based on efforts expended but the right to such amount is conditional upon satisfaction of another performance obligation. Contract assets are primarily comprised of fees related to marketing solutions offerings and supply chain management services. The Company notes that its contract assets are all short-term in nature and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

•

Deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance. Deferred revenue is primarily comprised of fees related to supply chain management services, cloud-based software subscriptions and software maintenance and support service contracts, which are generally billed in advance. Deferred revenue also includes other offerings for which we have been paid in advance and earn the revenue when we transfer control of the product or service. The deferred revenue balance is classified as a component of other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents information for the Company's contract balances:



	April 30, 2020		July 31, 2019
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, trade, net	$	83,000	$	112,141
Contract assets	$	14,305	$	21,473

Deferred revenue - current	$	3,810	$	2,967
Deferred revenue - long-term	69		62
Total deferred revenue	$	3,879	$	3,029

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations are comprised of deferred revenue. Changes in deferred revenue during the nine months ended April 30, 2020, were as follows:



	Nine Months Ended April 30, 2020
	(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,029
Deferral of revenue	3,804
Recognition of deferred amounts upon satisfaction of performance obligation	(2,954		)
Balance at end of period	$	3,879

We expect to recognize approximately $3.8 million of the deferred revenue over the next twelve months and the remaining $0.1 million beyond that time period.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.