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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☑QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 001-13908
ivz-20210930_g1.jpg
Invesco Ltd.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Bermuda98-0557567
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1555 Peachtree Street, N.E.,Suite 1800,Atlanta,GA30309
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

(404) 892-0896
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $.20 par valueIVZNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☑Accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☑
As of September 30, 2021, the most recent practicable date, the number of Common Shares outstanding was 461,206,517.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
We include cross references to captions elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which we refer to as this “Report,” where you can find related additional information. The following table of contents tells you where to find these captions.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Invesco Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)

As of
$ in millions, except per share dataSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents1,773.2 1,408.4 
Unsettled fund receivables237.6 109.4 
Accounts receivable720.1 741.1 
Investments906.4 826.8 
Assets of consolidated investment products (CIP):
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP536.3 301.7 
Accounts receivable and other assets of CIP273.7 175.5 
Investments of CIP8,924.2 7,910.0 
Assets held for policyholders2,232.2 7,582.1 
Prepaid assets144.8 149.2 
Other assets428.1 514.2 
Property, equipment and software, net512.5 563.8 
Intangible assets, net7,246.6 7,305.6 
Goodwill8,878.2 8,916.3 
Total assets32,813.9 36,504.1 
LIABILITIES
Accrued compensation and benefits903.2 973.7 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses1,401.7 1,920.4 
Liabilities of CIP:
Debt of CIP7,224.5 6,714.1 
Other liabilities of CIP864.9 588.6 
Policyholder payables2,232.2 7,582.1 
Unsettled fund payables237.2 98.4 
Long-term debt2,084.5 2,082.6 
Deferred tax liabilities, net1,591.1 1,523.5 
Total liabilities16,539.3 21,483.4 
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 11)
TEMPORARY EQUITY
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities542.6 211.8 
PERMANENT EQUITY
Equity attributable to Invesco Ltd.:
Preferred shares ($0.20 par value; $1,000 liquidation preference; 4.0 million authorized, issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020)
4,010.5 4,010.5 
Common shares ($0.20 par value; 1,050.0 million authorized; 566.1 million shares issued as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020)
113.2 113.2 
Additional paid-in-capital7,660.1 7,811.4 
Treasury shares(3,047.6)(3,253.8)
Retained earnings6,821.2 6,085.0 
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(477.3)(404.5)
Total equity attributable to Invesco Ltd.15,080.1 14,361.8 
Equity attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities651.9 447.1 
Total permanent equity15,732.0 14,808.9 
Total liabilities, temporary and permanent equity32,813.9 36,504.1 

See accompanying notes.
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Invesco Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)

Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions, except per share data2021202020212020
Operating revenues:
Investment management fees1,275.5 1,096.8 3,729.5 3,302.2 
Service and distribution fees409.1 352.7 1,191.2 1,051.2 
Performance fees4.8 — 22.0 8.3 
Other60.6 48.1 188.4 153.8 
Total operating revenues1,750.0 1,497.6 5,131.1 4,515.5 
Operating expenses:
Third-party distribution, service and advisory546.4 480.8 1,608.8 1,439.9 
Employee compensation476.7 444.5 1,452.9 1,321.0 
Marketing20.3 15.6 60.6 62.7 
Property, office and technology134.2 127.5 390.7 386.2 
General and administrative105.0 89.7 304.9 384.9 
Transaction, integration and restructuring(12.0)55.3 (13.3)171.4 
Amortization of intangibles15.6 15.7 47.5 46.8 
Total operating expenses1,286.2 1,229.1 3,852.1 3,812.9 
Operating income463.8 268.5 1,279.0 702.6 
Other income/(expense):
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates54.6 18.6 119.3 46.7 
Interest and dividend income1.9 2.6 3.6 11.4 
Interest expense(23.1)(33.8)(71.5)(104.9)
Other gains and losses, net(12.1)31.5 65.4 (15.0)
Other income/(expense) of CIP, net200.2 99.2 416.9 28.6 
Income before income taxes685.3 386.6 1,812.7 669.4 
Income tax provision(139.7)(91.9)(400.4)(192.7)
Net income545.6 294.7 1,412.3 476.7 
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities(156.3)(43.8)(268.5)14.6 
Dividends declared on preferred shares(59.2)(59.2)(177.6)(177.6)
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.330.1 191.7 966.2 313.7 
Earnings per common share:
-basic$0.71 $0.42 $2.09 $0.68 
-diluted$0.71 $0.41 $2.08 $0.68 

See accompanying notes.

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Invesco Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Net income545.6 294.7 1,412.3 476.7 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries(108.7)167.4 (73.0)(61.4)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net1.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 
Other comprehensive income/(loss)(107.5)168.1 (72.8)(60.6)
Total comprehensive income/(loss)438.1 462.8 1,339.5 416.1 
Comprehensive loss/(income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities(156.3)(43.8)(268.5)14.6 
Dividends on preferred shares(59.2)(59.2)(177.6)(177.6)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Invesco Ltd.222.6 359.8 893.4 253.1 

See accompanying notes.


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Invesco Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions20212020
Operating activities:
Net income
1,412.3 476.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Amortization and depreciation154.9 150.3 
Common share-based compensation expense106.0 138.2 
Other (gains)/losses, net(65.4)15.0 
Other (gains)/losses of CIP, net(323.3)61.4 
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates(119.3)(46.7)
Distributions from equity method investees43.9 29.9 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Purchase)/sale of investments by CIP, net(176.2)(36.3)
(Purchase)/sale of investments, net99.6 165.3 
(Increase)/decrease in receivables5,251.3 2,800.7 
Increase/(decrease) in payables(5,302.0)(3,091.8)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities1,081.8 662.7 
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, equipment and software(73.2)(73.6)
Purchase of investments by CIP(4,795.5)(3,605.5)
Sale of investments by CIP4,321.6 2,828.3 
Purchase of investments(149.6)(116.5)
Sale of investments103.8 117.4 
Capital distributions from equity method investees13.5 22.8 
Collateral received/(posted), net— (1.9)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities(579.4)(829.0)
Financing activities:
Purchases of treasury shares(58.1)(40.7)
Dividends paid - preferred(177.6)(177.6)
Dividends paid - common(228.9)(285.9)
Third-party capital invested into CIP475.1 133.1 
Third-party capital distributed by CIP(351.5)(187.2)
Borrowings of debt by CIP2,752.6 1,218.8 
Repayments of debt by CIP(1,972.1)(773.4)
Settlement of forward contracts on treasury shares(309.4)(190.6)
Collateral received/(returned), net(104.1)— 
Net borrowings/(repayments) under credit facility— 90.0 
Payment of contingent consideration (11.8)(16.8)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities14.2 (230.3)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents516.6 (396.6)
Foreign exchange movement on cash and cash equivalents(28.6)(5.4)
Foreign exchange movement on cash and cash equivalents of CIP(9.1)12.3
Net cash inflows/(outflows) upon consolidation/deconsolidation of CIP(8.7)9.1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period (1)
1,839.31,701.2
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period2,309.51,320.6
Cash and cash equivalents1,773.21,066.6
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP536.3254.0
Total cash and cash equivalents per consolidated statement of cash flows2,309.51,320.6
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1) Restricted cash of $129.2 million as of December 31, 2020 is recorded in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There was no restricted cash at the end of the period for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

See accompanying notes.
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Invesco Ltd.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(Unaudited)
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.
$ in millions, except per share dataPreferred SharesCommon SharesAdditional Paid-in-CapitalTreasury SharesRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)Total Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated EntitiesTotal Permanent EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities Temporary Equity
July 1, 20214,010.5 113.2 7,664.3 (3,080.3)6,570.1 (369.8)14,908.0 518.6 15,426.6 363.9 
Net income— — — — 389.3 — 389.3 135.8 525.1 20.5 
Other comprehensive income/(loss)— — — — — (107.5)(107.5)— (107.5)— 
Change in noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities, net
— — — — — — — (2.5)(2.5)158.2 
Dividends declared - preferred ($14.75 per share)
— — — — (59.2)— (59.2)— (59.2)— 
Dividends declared - common ($0.170 per share)
— — — — (79.0)— (79.0)— (79.0)— 
Employee common share plans:
Common share-based compensation
— — 33.2 — — — 33.2 — 33.2 — 
Vested common shares
— — (36.3)36.2 — — (0.1)— (0.1)— 
Other common share awards
— — (1.1)7.0 — — 5.9 — 5.9 — 
Purchase of common shares— — — (10.5)— — (10.5)— (10.5)— 
September 30, 20214,010.5 113.2 7,660.1 (3,047.6)6,821.2 (477.3)15,080.1 651.9 15,732.0 542.6 
Three months ended September 30, 2020
Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.
$ in millions, except per share dataPreferred SharesCommon SharesAdditional Paid-in-CapitalTreasury SharesRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)Total Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated EntitiesTotal Permanent EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities Temporary Equity
July 1, 20204,010.5 113.2 7,788.4 (3,319.1)5,825.0 (816.0)13,602.0 365.7 13,967.7 202.8 
Net income— — — — 250.9 — 250.9 32.6 283.5 11.2 
Other comprehensive income/(loss)— — — — — 168.1 168.1 — 168.1 — 
Change in noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities, net
— — — — — — — 18.3 18.3 14.2 
Dividends declared - preferred ($14.75 per share)
— — — — (59.2)— (59.2)— (59.2)— 
Dividends declared - common ($0.155 per share)
— — — — (72.2)— (72.2)— (72.2)— 
Employee common share plans:
Common share-based compensation
— — 43.0 — — — 43.0 — 43.0 — 
Vested common shares
— — (33.3)33.3 — — — — — — 
Other common share awards
— — (9.5)16.7 — — 7.2 — 7.2 — 
Purchase of common shares— — — (5.8)— — (5.8)— (5.8)— 
September 30, 20204,010.5 113.2 7,788.6 (3,274.9)5,944.5 (647.9)13,934.0 416.6 14,350.6 228.2 
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.
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.
$ in millions, except per share dataPreferred SharesCommon SharesAdditional Paid-in-CapitalTreasury SharesRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)Total Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated EntitiesTotal Permanent EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities Temporary Equity
January 1, 20214,010.5 113.2 7,811.4 (3,253.8)6,085.0 (404.5)14,361.8 447.1 14,808.9 211.8 
Net income— — — — 1,143.8 — 1,143.8 230.4 1,374.2 38.1 
Other comprehensive income/(loss)— — — — — (72.8)(72.8)— (72.8)— 
Change in noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities, net— — — — — — — (25.6)(25.6)292.7 
Dividends declared - preferred ($44.25 per share)
— — — — (177.6)— (177.6)— (177.6)— 
Dividends declared - common ($0.495 per share)
— — — — (230.0)— (230.0)— (230.0)— 
Employee common share plans:
Common share-based compensation— — 106.0 — — — 106.0 — 106.0 — 
Vested common shares— — (256.2)256.1 — — (0.1)— (0.1)— 
Other common share awards— — (1.1)8.2 — — 7.1 — 7.1 — 
Purchase of common shares— — — (58.1)— — (58.1)— (58.1)— 
September 30, 20214,010.5 113.2 7,660.1 (3,047.6)6,821.2 (477.3)15,080.1 651.9 15,732.0 542.6 
Nine months ended September 30, 2020
Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.
$ in millions, except per share dataPreferred SharesCommon SharesAdditional Paid-in-CapitalTreasury SharesRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)Total Equity Attributable to Invesco Ltd.Nonredeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated EntitiesTotal Permanent EquityRedeemable Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Entities Temporary Equity
January 1, 20204,010.5 113.2 7,860.8 (3,452.5)5,917.8 (587.3)13,862.5 455.8 14,318.3 383.5 
Net income— — — — 491.3 — 491.3 (3.4)487.9 (11.2)
Other comprehensive income/(loss)— — — — — (60.6)(60.6)— (60.6)— 
Change in noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities, net
— — — — — — — (35.8)(35.8)(144.1)
Dividends declared - preferred ($44.25 per share)
— — — — (177.6)— (177.6)— (177.6)— 
Dividends declared - common ($0.620 per share)
— — — — (287.0)— (287.0)— (287.0)— 
Employee common share plans:
Common share-based compensation
— — 138.2 — — — 138.2 — 138.2 — 
Vested common shares
— — (200.3)200.3 — — — — — — 
Other common share awards
— — (10.1)18.0 — — 7.9 — 7.9 — 
Purchase of common shares— — — (40.7)— — (40.7)— (40.7)— 
September 30, 20204,010.5 113.2 7,788.6 (3,274.9)5,944.5 (647.9)13,934.0 416.6 14,350.6 228.2 
See accompanying notes
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Invesco Ltd.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1.  ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Corporate Information

Invesco Ltd. (Parent) and all of its consolidated entities (collectively, the company or Invesco) provide retail and institutional clients with an array of global investment management capabilities. The company operates globally, and its sole business is investment management.

Certain disclosures included in the company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (annual report or Form 10-K) are not required to be included on an interim basis in the company’s quarterly reports on Forms 10-Q (Report). The company has condensed or omitted these disclosures. Therefore, this Report should be read in conjunction with the company’s annual report.

Basis of Accounting and Consolidation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for interim financial information and with rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and consolidate the financial statements of the Parent and all of its controlled subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair statement of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

Income Taxes. On January 1, 2021, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2019-12, “Simplifying Accounting for Income Taxes” (ASU 2019-12). The update simplifies various aspects related to income taxes and removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The company has adopted ASU 2019-12 using a prospective approach and determined that there is no material impact upon adoption of this standard.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

None.
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2. FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The fair value of financial instruments are presented in the below summary table. The fair value of financial instruments held by CIP is presented in Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products". See the company’s most recently filed Form 10-K for additional disclosures on valuation methodology and fair value.

September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
$ in millionsFair ValueFair Value
Cash and cash equivalents1,773.2 1,408.4 
Restricted cash (1)
— 129.2
Equity investments324.3 360.3 
Foreign time deposits (2)
29.1 29.9 
Assets held for policyholders (2)
2,232.2 7,582.1 
Policyholder payables(2,232.2)(7,582.1)
Total return swaps related to deferred compensation plans(8.2)5.1
Contingent consideration liability(3.4)(18.6)
____________
(1)    Restricted cash is recorded in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)    These financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. See the most recently filed Form 10-K for additional information about the carrying and fair values of these financial instruments. Foreign time deposits are measured at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value, and are accordingly classified as Level 2 securities. Policyholder payables are indexed to the value of the assets held for policyholders.
The following table presents, by hierarchy levels, the carrying value of the company’s assets and liabilities, including major security type for equity and debt securities, which are measured at fair value on the company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively:

As of September 30, 2021
$ in millionsFair Value MeasurementsQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds (1)
1,156.2 1,156.2 — — 
Investments (2):
Equity investments:
Seed money102.8 102.8 — — 
Investments related to deferred compensation plans218.3 218.3 — — 
Other equity securities3.2 3.2 — — 
Assets held for policyholders (3)
2,232.2 2,232.2 — — 
Total3,712.7 3,712.7 — — 
Liabilities:
Total return swaps related to deferred compensation plans(8.2)— (8.2)— 
Contingent consideration liability(3.4)— (3.4)
Total(11.6)— (8.2)(3.4)
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As of December 31, 2020
$ in millionsFair Value MeasurementsQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds (1)
947.3 947.3 — — 
Investments (2):
Equity investments:
Seed money153.5 153.5 — — 
Investments related to deferred compensation plans202.7 202.7 — — 
Other equity securities4.1 4.1 — — 
Assets held for policyholders (3)
7,582.1 7,582.1 — — 
Total return swaps related to deferred compensation plans5.1 — 5.1 — 
Total8,894.8 8,889.7 5.1 — 
Liabilities:    
Contingent consideration liability(18.6)— — (18.6)
Total(18.6)— — (18.6)
____________
(1)    The balance primarily represents cash held in affiliated money market funds.

(2)    Foreign time deposits of $29.1 million (December 31, 2020: $29.9 million) are excluded from this table. Equity method and other investments of $545.1 million and $7.9 million, respectively, (December 31, 2020: $426.1 million and $10.5 million, respectively) are also excluded from this table. These investments are not measured at fair value, in accordance with applicable accounting standards.

(3)    The majority of assets held for policyholders are held in affiliated funds.

Total Return Swaps

In addition to holding equity investments, the company has a total return swap (TRS) to economically hedge certain deferred compensation liabilities. The notional value of the total return swap at September 30, 2021 was $337.8 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, market valuation losses of $7.7 million and gains of $18.3 million were recognized in other gains and losses, net (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $12.8 million net gains and $11.5 million net gains respectively).
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The following tables show a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements for level 3 assets and liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020, which are valued using significant unobservable inputs:
Contingent Consideration Liability
$ in millionsThree months ended September 30, 2021Nine months ended
September 30, 2021
Beginning balance(3.4)(18.6)
Purchases/acquisitions— (1.3)
Net unrealized gains and losses included in other gains and losses, net— 4.7 
Disposition/settlements— 11.8 
Ending balance(3.4)(3.4)

Contingent Consideration Liability
$ in millionsThree months ended September 30, 2020Nine months ended
September 30, 2020
Beginning balance(29.3)(60.2)
Revision to purchase price allocation— 5.5 
Net unrealized gains and losses included in other gains and losses, net(0.5)10.9 
Disposition/settlements2.8 16.8 
Ending balance(27.0)(27.0)


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3.  INVESTMENTS

The disclosures below include details of the company’s investments. Investments held by CIP are detailed in Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products".
$ in millionsSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Equity investments:
Seed money102.8 153.5 
Investments related to deferred compensation plans218.3 202.7 
Other equity securities3.2 4.1 
Equity method investments545.1 426.1 
Foreign time deposits29.1 29.9 
Other7.9 10.5 
Total investments (1)
906.4 826.8 
(1)    The majority of the company’s investment balances relate to balances held in affiliated funds.

Equity investments

The unrealized gains and losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 that relate to equity investments still held at September 30, 2021, were a $21.8 million net loss and $22.7 million net gain (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $19.9 million net gain and $18.3 million net loss).


4.  LONG-TERM DEBT

The disclosures below include details of the company’s debt. Debt of CIP is detailed in Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products".
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
$ in millions
Carrying Value (2)
Fair Value
Carrying Value (2)
Fair Value
$1.5 billion floating rate credit facility expiring April 26, 2026
— — — — 
Unsecured Senior Notes (1):
$600 million 3.125% - due November 30, 2022
599.2 619.0 598.7 632.9 
$600 million 4.000% - due January 30, 2024
597.5 644.5 596.8 660.2 
$500 million 3.750% - due January 15, 2026
497.2 549.7 496.7 564.8 
$400 million 5.375% - due November 30, 2043
390.6 531.5 390.4 517.8 
Long-term debt2,084.5 2,344.7 2,082.6 2,375.7 
____________
(1)    The company’s senior note indentures contain certain restrictions on mergers or consolidations. Beyond these items, there are no other restrictive covenants in the indentures.
(2)    The difference between the principal amounts and the carrying values of the senior notes in the table above reflect the unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts.
The company maintains approximately $2.6 million in letters of credit from a variety of banks. The letters of credit are generally one-year automatically-renewable facilities and are maintained for various commercial reasons.
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5.  SHARE CAPITAL

The preferred shares issued in connection with the acquisition of OppenheimerFunds have a $0.20 par value, liquidation preference of $1,000 per share and fixed cash dividend rate of 5.90% per annum, payable quarterly on a non-cumulative basis. Shares of preferred stock are not redeemable prior to the 21st anniversary of their original issue date of May 24, 2019. The number of preferred shares issued and outstanding is represented in the table below:
As of
in millionsSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Preferred shares issued (1)
4.04.0 
Preferred shares outstanding (1)
4.04.0 
__________
(1)    Preferred shares are held by MassMutual and are subject to a lock-up period of five years, which disallows the sale of preferred shares by MassMutual during the five-year period beginning on the original issue date of May 24, 2019.
The number of common shares and common share equivalents issued are represented in the table below:
As of
in millionsSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Common shares issued566.1 566.1 
Less: Treasury shares for which dividend and voting rights do not apply
(104.9)(107.0)
Common shares outstanding461.2 459.1 
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6.  OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) were as follows:
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
$ in millionsForeign currency translationEmployee benefit plansEquity method investmentsAvailable-for-sale investmentsTotal
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries
(108.7)— — — (108.7)
Other comprehensive income, net
— 1.2 — — 1.2 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(108.7)1.2 — — (107.5)
Beginning balance(243.6)(126.9)0.1 0.6 (369.8)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(108.7)1.2 — — (107.5)
Ending balance(352.3)(125.7)0.1 0.6 (477.3)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
$ in millionsForeign currency translationEmployee benefit plansEquity method investmentsAvailable-for-sale investmentsTotal
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries
(73.0)— — — (73.0)
Other comprehensive income, net
— 0.3 — (0.1)0.2 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(73.0)0.3 — (0.1)(72.8)
Beginning balance(279.3)(126.0)0.1 0.7 (404.5)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(73.0)0.3 — (0.1)(72.8)
Ending balance(352.3)(125.7)0.1 0.6 (477.3)
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millionsForeign currency translationEmployee benefit plansEquity method investmentsAvailable-for-sale investmentsTotal
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries
167.4 — — — 167.4 
Other comprehensive income, net
— 0.7 — — 0.7 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax167.4 0.7 — — 168.1 
Beginning balance(690.8)(125.9)0.1 0.6 (816.0)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax167.4 0.7 — — 168.1 
Ending balance(523.4)(125.2)0.1 0.6 (647.9)
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millionsForeign currency translationEmployee benefit plansEquity method investmentsAvailable-for-sale investmentsTotal
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries(61.4)— — — (61.4)
Other comprehensive income, net— 0.9 — (0.1)0.8 
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(61.4)0.9 — (0.1)(60.6)
Beginning balance(462.0)(126.1)0.1 0.7 (587.3)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax(61.4)0.9 — (0.1)(60.6)
Ending balance(523.4)(125.2)0.1 0.6 (647.9)

Net Investment Hedge

The company designated certain intercompany debt as a non-derivative net investment hedging instrument against foreign currency exposure related to its net investment in foreign operations. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, £130 million ($178.8 million and $174.5 million, respectively) of intercompany debt was designated as a net investment hedge. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the company recognized foreign currency gains and losses of $3.6 million and $4.3 million, respectively (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: losses and gains of $5.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively) resulting from the net investment hedge within currency translation differences on investments in foreign subsidiaries in Other comprehensive income.

7. REVENUE

The geographic disaggregation of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 are presented below. There are no revenues attributed to the company’s country of domicile, Bermuda.
For the three months ended September 30,
$ in millions20212020
Americas1,329.81,118.2
UK157.7148.6
EMEA ex UK (Europe, Middle East and Africa)181.0158.2
Asia Pacific81.572.6
Total operating revenues1,750.01,497.6
For the nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions20212020
Americas3,842.83,356.2
UK486.0465.3
EMEA ex UK (Europe, Middle East and Africa)541.5468.3
Asia Pacific260.8225.7
Total operating revenues5,131.14,515.5
The opening and closing balances of deferred carried interest liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $58.0 million and $60.5 million, respectively (December 31, 2020: $45.8 million and $58.0 million, respectively). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, no performance fee revenue was recognized that had been included in the deferred carried interest liability balance at the beginning of the period (September 30, 2020: none).




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Money Market Fee Waivers

The company is currently providing voluntary yield support waivers of its revenues on certain money market funds to ensure that they maintain a minimum level of daily net investment income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, yield support waivers resulted in a reduction of total gross operating revenues of $40.8 million and $111.2 million, respectively (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $12.4 million and $23.1 million, respectively). A significant portion of our money market AUM arises from the institutional distribution channel, where relationships with our distribution partners allow us to share the waiver impact. Gross waivers are partially offset by a reduction of payments to these intermediaries, which are included in third party distribution, service and advisory expenses.

8.  COMMON SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

The company recognized total expenses of $106.0 million and $138.2 million related to equity-settled common share-based payment transactions in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Movements on common share awards during the periods ended September 30, are detailed below:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
millions of common shares, except fair valuesTime- VestedPerformance- VestedWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)Time- VestedPerformance- Vested
Unvested at the beginning of period
18.1 1.6 19.11 18.7 1.1 
Granted during the period3.4 0.6 22.61 8.1 0.9 
Forfeited during the period(0.4)— 18.84 (0.3)— 
Vested and distributed during the period
(7.3)(0.3)21.48 (7.7)(0.2)
Unvested at the end of the period
13.8 1.9 18.88 18.8 1.8 
The total fair value of common shares that vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $182.9 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $109.6 million). The weighted average grant date fair value of the common share awards that were granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $22.61 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $14.08).

At September 30, 2021, there was $196.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested common share awards; that cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.29 years.

9. RESTRUCTURING

In 2020, the company initiated a strategic evaluation focusing on four key areas of our expense base: our organizational model, our real estate footprint, management of third party spend and technology and operations efficiency.

Restructuring expenses related to the strategic evaluation were $17.9 million and $68.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $15.3 million). Restructuring expenses are recorded to transaction, integration and restructuring expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The company estimates $60 million to $85 million of remaining restructuring expenses related to the strategic evaluation through the end of 2022, of which approximately 40% will be employee compensation costs with the remainder comprised of property, office and technology costs and general and administrative costs. A substantial portion of these expenses will result in future cash expenditures.

The following table shows the rollforward of the restructuring liability and the total restructuring charges as of and for the period ending September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The company recorded the liability to accrued compensation and benefits and accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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$ in millionsEmployee
Compensation		Other ExpensesTotal
Balance as of July 1, 2020— — — 
Accrued charges 85.0 9.1 94.1 
Payments(40.5)(9.1)(49.6)
Balance as of December 31, 202044.5 — 44.5 
Accrued charges19.8 4.1 23.9 
Payments(40.2)(1.1)(41.3)
Balance as of March 31, 202124.1 3.0 27.1 
Accrued charges12.8 3.1 15.9 
Payments(20.4)(4.3)(24.7)
Balance as of June 30, 202116.5 1.8 18.3 
Accrued charges7.7 3.9 11.6 
Payments(9.2)(2.9)(12.1)
Balance as of September 30, 202115.0 2.8 17.8 
Non-cash charges (1)
Six months ended December 31, 2020 19.5 5.4 24.9 
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
9.7 6.9 16.6 
Total non-cash charges29.2 12.3 41.5 
Cumulative charges incurred through September 30, 2021154.5 32.5 187.0 
(1) Non-cash charges include stock-based compensation, accelerated depreciation of certain assets and location strategy costs.


10.  EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

The calculation of earnings per common share is as follows:
For the three months ended September 30,For the nine months ended September 30,
in millions, except per share data2021202020212020
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.330.1 191.7 966.2313.7
Invesco Ltd:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic463.3 461.1 462.6459.0
Dilutive effect of non-participating common share-based awards2.7 2.4 3.03.0
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted466.0 463.5 465.6462.0
Earnings per common share:
-basic$0.71 $0.42 $2.09 $0.68 
-diluted$0.71 $0.41 $2.08 $0.68 
See Note 8, "Common Share-Based Compensation", for a summary of common share awards outstanding under the company’s common share-based compensation programs. These programs could result in the issuance of common shares from time to time that would affect the measurement of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

There were no common shares of performance-vested awards excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to their inclusion being anti-dilutive (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: 0.3 million). There were no common shares of time-vested awards excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share during three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: none).

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11.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments and contingencies may arise in the ordinary course of business.

The company has committed to co-invest in certain investment products, which may be called in future periods. At September 30, 2021, the company’s undrawn co-invest capital commitments were $457.5 million (December 31, 2020: $453.5 million).

Certain of our managed investment products have entered into revolving credit facilities with financial institutions. Pursuant to these arrangements, the company provided equity commitments and guarantees to certain of these investment products that are temporary in nature. The revolving credit facilities look first to the respective investment products for repayment and servicing. The company’s equity commitment or guarantee would only be called in the event a particular investment product is unable to meet its obligation. The company believes the likelihood of being required to fund its equity commitments or guarantees under these arrangements to be remote. To date, the company has not been required to fund any equity commitments under these arrangements. The maximum amount of future payments under the commitments is $115 million and under the guarantees is $30 million. The fair value of the guarantee liability is not significant to the consolidated financial statements.

The Parent and various company subsidiaries have entered into agreements with financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations of other company subsidiaries. The company would be required to perform under these guarantees in the event of certain defaults. The company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.

Pursuant to an agreement entered into at the consummation of the acquisition of OppenheimerFunds, MassMutual, as the holder of seed capital investments in certain funds and accounts included in the acquisition, has the right to redeem its seed capital investments in accordance with an agreed upon schedule. In the event MassMutual exercises its redemption rights and the applicable fund or account is unable to meet such redemption (for example, due to illiquid investments or the need to maintain a level of investment in the fund), the company would be required to fund such redemption to MassMutual and seek reimbursement from the applicable fund or account at a later time when the fund or account is able to fulfill a redemption request. At September 30, 2021, the total amount of remaining seed capital subject to this agreement is approximately $53.6 million. Since December 31, 2020, MassMutual exercised its redemption rights and redeemed a portion of the seed capital per the agreed upon schedule. The company does not anticipate having to fund any material seed capital redemptions subject to this agreement.

Legal Contingencies

The company is from time to time involved in pending or threatened litigation relating to claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The nature and progression of litigation can make it difficult to predict the impact a particular lawsuit or claim will have on the company. There are many reasons that the company cannot make these assessments, including, among others, one or more of the following: the proceeding is in its early stages (or merely threatened); the damages sought are unspecified, unsupportable, unexplained or uncertain; the claimant is seeking relief other than compensatory damages; the matter presents novel legal claims or other meaningful legal uncertainties; discovery has not started or is not complete; there are significant facts in dispute; and there are other parties who may share in any ultimate liability.

In assessing the impact that a legal or regulatory matter will have on the company, management evaluates the need for an accrual on a case-by-case basis. If the likelihood of a loss is deemed probable and is reasonably estimable, the estimated loss is accrued. If the likelihood of a loss is assessed as less than probable, or an amount or range of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, a loss is not accrued. In management’s opinion, adequate accrual has been made as of September 30, 2021 to provide for any such losses that may arise from matters for which the company could reasonably estimate an amount. Management is of the opinion that the ultimate resolution of such claims will not materially affect the company’s business, financial position, results of operation or liquidity. Furthermore, in management’s opinion, it is not possible to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses with respect to other litigation contingencies.

The investment management industry also is subject to extensive levels of ongoing regulatory oversight and examination. In the United States, United Kingdom and other jurisdictions in which the company operates, governmental authorities regularly make inquiries, hold investigations and administer market conduct examinations with respect to the company’s compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Additional lawsuits or regulatory enforcement actions arising out of these inquiries may in the future be filed against the company and related entities and individuals in the United States, United Kingdom and other jurisdictions in which the company and its affiliates operate. Any material loss of investor and/or client confidence as a result of
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such inquiries and/or litigation could result in a significant decline in AUM, which would have an adverse effect on the company’s future financial results and its ability to grow its business.

OppenheimerFunds acquisition-related matter

As previously disclosed by the company, in the fourth quarter of 2019, the company identified an accounting matter which required a restatement of the historical financial statements for the following funds: (1) the Invesco Steelpath MLP Income Fund; (2) the Invesco Steelpath MLP Select 40 Fund; (3) the Invesco Steelpath MLP Alpha Fund; and (4) the Invesco Steelpath MLP Alpha Plus Fund (each a Fund and together the Funds).

Remediation payments will be made to certain shareholders of the Funds negatively impacted by the restatement described above. Remediating these matters has, will or may produce the following costs:

•Costs of processing the restated historical financial statements, and related costs of communicating with present and former Fund shareholders;
•Costs of reimbursing shareholders for transactions in Fund shares made at incorrect NAVs; and
•Certain additional costs in connection with these matters.

The company expects to bear all or at least some portion of these and other remediation costs. Uncertainties remain as of the date of this report regarding the degree to which the company will ultimately be financially responsible for bearing such costs. The sources of such uncertainties include, among other things, the following:

•The company and/or the Funds may be entitled to seek reimbursement for a portion of such costs under applicable insurance policies (subject to the terms of such policies, including applicable deductibles and policy limits).
•The company acquired sponsorship and management of the Funds as part of its acquisition of OppenheimerFunds. The company may be entitled to seek indemnification for certain of such costs from MassMutual under the OppenheimerFunds acquisition agreement (subject to the terms of such indemnification, including the specified deductible and limit).

The company has substantially completed the process of obtaining fund shareholder information from certain omnibus accounts. Based on this information, we have reduced our estimated liability to $254.3 million (year ended December 31, 2020: $387.8 million), which resulted in a benefit to transaction, integration and restructuring expense of $45.7 million and $131.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The estimated liability excludes any amounts that may be recovered through indemnification and insurance recoveries, as well as other remediation costs related to the matter, such as legal and consulting costs, or the costs of communicating with fund shareholders.

The original estimate was based primarily on assumptions around the activity of the underlying fund shareholders in the omnibus accounts. Our analysis of the patterns of actual underlying fund shareholder activity has resulted in a decrease to the estimated liability during the three months ended September 30, 2021. We expect fund shareholder reimbursement payments to be made in the fourth quarter of 2021.

The measurement period for this acquisition closed during the three months ended June 30, 2020; therefore, the adjustments made during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as well as any further adjustments to the estimate, including any recoveries from insurance or indemnification, are and will be recorded through earnings in transaction, integration and restructuring expense. Remediation costs of $0.9 million and $4.2 million, respectively, have been incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 (year ended December 31, 2020: $11.6 million) and recorded as transaction, integration and restructuring expense.
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12.  CONSOLIDATED INVESTMENT PRODUCTS (CIP)

The following table presents the balances related to CIP that are included on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as well as Invesco’s net interest in the CIP for each period presented. See the company’s most recently filed Form 10-K for additional disclosures on valuation methodology and fair value.
As of
$ in millionsSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP536.3 301.7 
Accounts receivable and other assets of CIP273.7 175.5 
Investments of CIP8,924.2 7,910.0 
Less: Debt of CIP (7,224.5)(6,714.1)
Less: Other liabilities of CIP(864.9)(588.6)
Less: Retained earnings0.1 0.1 
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax— — 
Less: Equity attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(542.6)(211.8)
Less: Equity attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests(651.1)(446.3)
Invesco’s net interests in CIP451.2 426.5 
The following table reflects the impact of consolidation of investment products into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Total operating revenues(11.2)(10.4)(31.4)(29.8)
Total operating expenses9.5 4.4 25.4 22.9 
Operating income(20.7)(14.8)(56.8)(52.7)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates(25.0)(26.0)(86.5)10.8 
Interest and dividend income— — — (0.3)
Other gains and losses, net1.8 (5.0)(5.1)8.4 
Interest and dividend income of CIP79.2 76.3 214.4 241.2 
Interest expense of CIP(41.5)(41.8)(120.8)(151.2)
Other gains/(losses) of CIP, net162.5 64.7 323.3 (61.4)
Income before income taxes156.3 53.4 268.5 (5.2)
Income tax provision— — — — 
Net income156.3 53.4 268.5 (5.2)
Net (income)/loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities
(156.3)(43.8)(268.5)14.6 
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.— 9.6 — 9.4 
Non-consolidated VIEs

At September 30, 2021, the company’s carrying value and maximum risk of loss with respect to variable interest entities (VIEs) in which the company is not the primary beneficiary was $168.7 million (December 31, 2020: $152.0 million).

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Balance Sheet information - newly consolidated VIEs/VOEs

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were nine newly consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs) and three newly consolidated voting rights entities (VOEs) (September 30, 2020: there were four newly consolidated VIEs and no newly consolidated VOEs). The table below illustrates the summary balance sheet amounts related to these products before consolidation into the company. The balances below are reflective of the balances existing at the consolidation date after the initial funding of the investments by the company and unrelated third-party investors. The current period activity for the consolidated funds, including the initial funding and subsequent investment of initial cash balances into underlying investments of CIP, is reflected in the company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millions (1)
VIEsVOEs   VIEs VOEs
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP38.5 — 9.1 — 
Accounts receivable and other assets of CIP6.3 1.0 1.2 — 
Investments of CIP492.3 131.4 114.2 — 
Total assets537.1 132.4 124.5 — 
Debt of CIP136.1 — 23.9 — 
Other liabilities of CIP206.6 1.0 89.7 — 
Total liabilities342.7 1.0 113.6 — 
Total equity194.4 131.4 10.9 — 
Total liabilities and equity537.1 132.4 124.5 — 
__________
(1)    Certain amounts have been reclassified between line items in this table to properly present balances and do not impact the financial statements or any other disclosures. The revision is not material to the previously issued financial statements.

Balance Sheet information - deconsolidated VIEs/VOEs

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the company determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of five VIEs and no longer held the majority voting interest in four VOEs (September 30, 2020: the company determined that it was no longer the primary beneficiary of seven VIEs and no longer held the majority voting interest in eleven VOEs). The amounts deconsolidated from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are illustrated in the table below. There was no net impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 from the deconsolidation of these investment products.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millions (1)
  VIEs VOEsVIEsVOEs
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP6.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 
Accounts receivable and other assets of CIP1.8 0.1 2.8 1.1 
Investments of CIP284.4 27.6 216.9 134.1 
Total assets292.3 27.8 220.1 135.4 
Debt of CIP258.3 — — — 
Other liabilities of CIP17.3 — 2.0 — 
Total liabilities275.6 — 2.0 — 
Total equity16.7 27.8 218.1 135.4 
Total liabilities and equity292.3 27.8 220.1 135.4 
__________
(1)    Certain amounts have been reclassified between line items in this table to properly present balances and do not impact the financial statements or any other disclosures. The revision is not material to the previously issued financial statements.

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The following tables present the fair value hierarchy levels of certain CIP balances which are measured at fair value as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
As of September 30, 2021
$ in millionsFair Value MeasurementsQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Investments Measured at NAV as a practical expedient
Assets:
Bank loans7,239.3 — 7,239.3 — — 
Bonds667.3 10.1 657.2 — — 
Equity securities367.1 149.2 217.9 — — 
Equity and fixed income mutual funds268.9 0.2 268.7 — — 
Investments in other private equity funds381.6 — 8.1 — 373.5 
Total assets at fair value8,924.2 159.5 8,391.2 — 373.5 
As of December 31, 2020
$ in millionsFair Value MeasurementsQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)		Investments Measured at NAV as a practical expedient
Assets:
Bank loans6,864.5 — 6,864.5 — — 
Bonds539.0 0.6 538.4 — — 
Equity securities137.2 61.3 75.9 — — 
Equity and fixed income mutual funds103.0 91.2 11.8 — — 
Investments in other private equity funds266.3 — 8.1 — 258.2 
Total assets at fair value7,910.0 153.1 7,498.7 — 258.2 
The following tables show a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements for level 3 assets using significant unobservable inputs:
Three months ended September 30, 2020Nine months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millionsLevel 3 AssetLevel 3 Assets
Beginning balance— 78.6 
Deconsolidation of CIP— (89.4)
Gains and losses included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income— 10.8 
Ending balance— — 

The collateral assets held by consolidated CLOs are primarily invested in senior secured bank loans, bonds and equity securities. Bank loan investments of $7,225.4 million, which comprise the majority of consolidated CLO portfolio collateral, are senior secured corporate loans from a variety of industries, including but not limited to the aerospace and defense, broadcasting, technology, utilities, household products, healthcare, oil and gas and finance industries. Bank loan investments mature at various dates between 2022 and 2029, pay interest at LIBOR plus a spread of up to 12.0% and typically range in S&P credit rating categories from BBB down to unrated. Approximately less than 0.62% of the collateral assets were in default as of September 30, 2021 and 2020. Interest income on bank loans and bonds is recognized based on the unpaid principal balance and stated interest rate of these investments on an accrual basis. At September 30, 2021, the unpaid principal balance exceeds the fair value of the senior secured bank loans and bonds by approximately $84.0 million (December 31, 2020: the unpaid principal balance exceeded the fair value of the senior secured bank loans and bonds by approximately $208.6 million). These investments are accounted for on a one-month lag based on the availability of fund financial information, which means the third quarter fair value reflects a valuation as of August 31, 2021. CLO investments are valued based on price quotations provided by third-party pricing sources. These third-party sources aggregate indicative price quotations to provide the company with a price for the CLO investments.
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Notes issued by consolidated CLOs mature at various dates between 2030 and 2034 and have a weighted average maturity of 10.72 years. The notes are issued in various tranches with different risk profiles. The interest rates are generally variable rates based on LIBOR plus a pre-defined spread, which varies from 0.40% for the more senior tranches to 8.51% for the more subordinated tranches. The investors in this debt are not affiliated with the company and have no recourse to the general credit of the company for this debt.

The table below summarizes as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the nature of investments that are valued using the NAV as a practical expedient and any related liquidation restrictions or other factors which may impact the ultimate value realized. These investments are valued on a three-month lag based on the availability of fund financial information.
September 30, 2021December 31, 2020
in millions, except term dataFair ValueTotal Unfunded Commitments
Weighted Average Remaining Term (2)
Fair ValueTotal Unfunded Commitments
Weighted Average Remaining Term (2)
Private equity funds (1)
$373.5 $53.57.1 years$258.2 $110.1 6.7 years
____________
(1)    These investments are not subject to redemption; however, for certain funds, the investors may sell or transfer their interest, which may require approval by the general partner of the underlying funds.
(2)    These investments are expected to be returned through distributions because of liquidations of the funds’ underlying assets over the weighted average periods indicated.

13. RELATED PARTIES

As a result of the OppenheimerFunds acquisition, MassMutual has an approximate 16.4% stake in the common stock of the company and owns all of the outstanding $4.0 billion in perpetual, non-cumulative preferred shares. Based on the level of shares owned by MassMutual and the corresponding customary minority shareholder rights, which includes representation on Invesco’s board of directors, the company considers MassMutual a related party.

Additionally, certain managed funds are deemed to be affiliated entities under the related party definition in ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures.” Related parties include those defined in the company’s proxy statement.

Revenue for services provided to related managed funds are as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Affiliated operating revenues:
Investment management fees1,156.4 987.2 3,374.7 2,975.2 
Service and distribution fees393.3 338.9 1,139.2 1,004.8 
Performance fees— — 5.8 3.4 
Other54.9 46.4 177.0 149.4 
Total affiliated operating revenues1,604.6 1,372.5 4,696.7 4,132.8 
Receivables and Payables with Affiliated entities:

Due from affiliates, which is included within accounts receivables, unsettled fund receivables and other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is $781.7 million and $612.0 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 respectively, primarily comprised of receivables from affiliated Invesco funds, accrued income and other receivable balances from affiliates.

Due to affiliates, which is included within accounts payable, accrued compensation and unsettled fund payables on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets is $330.4 million and $171.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, primarily comprised of payables to affiliated Invesco funds and other payables to all related parties, which mostly include balances due to employees (i.e., deferred compensation liabilities, vacation accruals, bonus accrual, etc.) and other balances include defined benefit obligations and deferred carried interest.

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Refer to Note 2, "Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities" and Note 3, "Investments" for more information on balances invested in Invesco affiliated funds.

14.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 26, 2021, the company announced a third quarter 2021 dividend of $0.17 per common share, payable on December 2, 2021, to common shareholders of record at the close of business on November 12, 2021 with an ex-dividend date of November 10, 2021.

On October 26, 2021, the company declared a preferred dividend of $14.75 per share representing the period from September 1, 2021 through November 30, 2021. The preferred dividend is payable on December 1, 2021 to preferred shareholders of record at the close of business on November 15, 2021.

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, which appear elsewhere in this Report. Except for the historical financial information, this Report may include statements that constitute “forward-looking statements” under the United States securities laws. Forward-looking statements include information concerning future results of our operations, expenses, earnings, liquidity, cash flow and capital expenditures, industry or market conditions, assets under management, geopolitical events and the COVID-19 pandemic and their respective potential impact on the company, acquisitions and divestitures, debt and our ability to obtain additional financing or make payments, regulatory developments, demand for and pricing of our products and other aspects of our business or general economic conditions. In addition, words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts,” and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” and “would” as well as any other statement that necessarily depends on future events, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, and they involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although we make such statements based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from our expectations. We caution investors not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements and urge you to carefully consider the risks described in this Report and our most recent Form 10-K and Forms 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

You may obtain these reports from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update the information in any public disclosure if any forward-looking statement later turns out to be inaccurate.

References

In this Report, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” “company,” “firm,” “Invesco,” and “Invesco Ltd.” refer to Invesco Ltd., a company incorporated in Bermuda, and its subsidiaries.

Executive Overview

The following executive overview summarizes the significant trends affecting our results of operations and financial condition for the periods presented. This overview and the remainder of this management’s discussion and analysis supplements and should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Invesco Ltd. and its subsidiaries and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Report.

The table below summarizes returns based on price appreciation/(depreciation) of several major market indices for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
Index expressed in currencyThree months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
Equity Index2021202020212020
S&P 500U.S. Dollar0.2 %8.5 %14.7 %4.1 %
FTSE 100British Pound0.7 %(4.9)%9.7 %(22.2)%
FTSE 100U.S. Dollar(1.8)%(0.8)%8.2 %(24.3)%
Nikkei 225Japanese Yen2.3 %4.0 %7.3 %(2.0)%
Nikkei 225U.S. Dollar2.0 %6.3 %(0.6)%1.1 %
MSCI Emerging MarketsU.S. Dollar(8.8)%8.7 %(3.0)%(2.9)%
Bond Index
Barclays U.S. Aggregate BondU.S. Dollar0.1 %0.6 %(1.6)%6.8 %
The company’s financial results are impacted by the fluctuations in exchange rates against the U.S. Dollar, as discussed in the “Results of Operations” section below.

Our revenues are directly influenced by the level and composition of our AUM. As a significant proportion of our AUM is based outside of the U.S., changes in foreign exchange rates result in a change to the mix of U.S. Dollar denominated AUM with AUM denominated in other currencies. As fee rates differ across geographic locations, changes to exchange rates have an
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impact on the net revenue yields. Changes in our AUM mix also significantly impact our net revenue yield. Passive AUM generally earn a lower effective fee rate than active asset classes, and changes in the mix of products therefore have an impact on our net revenue yield. At the industry level, investors continue to shift towards passive products and away from active, and Invesco is able to participate in this trend due to the breadth, strength and diversified nature of our business. Therefore, movements in global capital market levels, net new business inflows (or outflows) and changes in the mix of investment products between asset classes and geographies may materially affect our revenues from period to period.

Invesco benefits from our long-term efforts to ensure a diversified base of AUM. One of Invesco's core strengths, and a key differentiator for the company within the industry, is our broad diversification across client domiciles, asset classes and distribution channels. Our geographic diversification recognizes growth opportunities in different parts of the world. This broad diversification mitigates the impact on Invesco of different market cycles and enables the company to take advantage of growth opportunities in various markets and channels.

Update on significant events and transactions

As previously disclosed, we are undertaking a strategic evaluation of our business focusing on four key areas of our expense base: our organizational model, our real estate footprint, management of third party spend and technology and operations efficiency. Through this evaluation, we have invested and will continue to invest in key areas of growth aligned with our strategic plan, including ETFs, Fixed Income, China, Solutions, Alternatives and Global Equities, which has had a positive impact on the results for the quarter. This helped us achieve five straight quarters of net long-term inflows across a variety of products.

While investing in key areas of growth, we plan to create permanent annual net operating expense improvements of $200 million. A significant element of the savings will be generated from realigning our workforce to support key areas of growth as well as repositioning some of our workforce to lower cost locations. We expect to modestly exceed our cumulative 2021 targeted savings of $150 million. In 2021 to date, we realized $118 million in annualized savings, which when combined with the $30 million in annualized savings realized in 2020, results in $148 million, or 74%, of our $200 million net savings expectation. Remaining restructuring costs related to the strategic evaluation are estimated to be in a range of $60 million to $85 million through the end of 2022, with $187 million incurred since we began the strategic evaluation.

We remain highly focused on our capital management and believe we are making solid progress in our efforts to build financial flexibility. Our revolver balance was zero as of September 30, 2021, consistent with our commitment to improve our leverage profile. We remain committed to a sustainable dividend policy and to returning capital to shareholders longer term through a combination of modestly increasing dividends and share repurchases.

In April 2021, we announced plans to transition to State Street’s Alpha platform, an asset servicing platform that will integrate front, middle and back office investment services. The migration to Alpha is expected to simplify Invesco’s investment infrastructure to improve scale, reduce risk and improve operating efficiency, allowing Invesco to create a global operating model that will standardize and streamline its investment operations. The integration began in the second quarter of 2021, with completion in 2024.

On May 24, 2019, the company completed the acquisition of OppenheimerFunds, an investment management subsidiary of MassMutual. As part of the acquisition, the company acquired the management contracts of the SteelPath-branded MLP funds and became the Adviser to the funds. In 2019, the company identified an accounting matter related to the funds’ financial statements and in 2020 concluded that it was probable that the company would incur at least some costs associated with the matter. The company has substantially completed the process of obtaining investor information from certain omnibus accounts. Based on the information that is currently available, we have reduced our estimated liability to $254.3 million, which resulted in a benefit to expense of $131.1 million recorded in transaction, integration and restructuring expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The estimated liability excludes any amounts that may be recovered through indemnification and insurance recoveries, as well as other remediation costs related to the matter, such as legal and consulting costs, or the costs of communicating with fund shareholders. We expect fund shareholder reimbursement payments to be made in the fourth quarter of 2021. See Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional details regarding the accounting matter.

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Managing our business and meeting client needs through COVID-19

Invesco is committed to helping our employees, our clients and our communities navigate the challenges presented by the continued impacts of COVID-19. The primary focus of our efforts is to ensure the health and safety of our employees while preserving our ability to serve clients and manage assets in a highly dynamic market environment. As always, we are committed to helping our clients achieve their investment objectives through disciplined long-term investing. To this end, we continue to proactively engage with our clients, primarily virtually, to help them better navigate market uncertainty by providing thought leadership and other value-added services.

Our portfolio managers, research analysts and traders are also successfully working remotely or in secure locations with access to all systems necessary to do their jobs and an ability to connect with their teams in managing client assets. Additionally, our operational, control and support teams are primarily working in a remote environment. In light of the remote working environment, we continue to assess and enhance our business continuity plans as well as our internal controls with appropriate adjustments made to address the environment.

Looking ahead, we will balance our employees’ desire for increased flexibility with the needs of our clients and our business as we define our approach to transitioning to “new normal” ways of working in a post-COVID-19 world. The vast majority of employees will be working in their assigned office location at least part of the time and will either be working in-office, working remotely or working in a hybrid of these two models. Decisions regarding office location and flexibility are supported by internal research focused on the needs of our employees and clients. This overall, thoughtful and coordinated approach helps ensure our ability to continue to meet the needs of our clients as well as our employees.

Other External Factors Impacting Invesco

Investment exposure to the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)-based interest rates could impact our client portfolios. The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, noted in a March 5, 2021 announcement that December 31, 2021 will be the cessation date for all tenors of GBP LIBOR, JPY LIBOR, CHF LIBOR and 1-week & 2-month tenors of USD LIBOR. The FCA also set June 30, 2023 as the cessation date for the other five tenors (overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month) of USD LIBOR. Additionally, this FCA announcement constitutes an index cessation event under the International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc.’s (ISDA) IBOR Fallbacks Supplement and the ISDA 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol, as well as the Alternative Reference Rate Committee’s fallback language for non-consumer cash products, giving the market clarity on the spread adjustments to alternative reference rate-based fallbacks for all EUR, CHF, GBP, JPY and USD LIBOR settings.

Invesco, similar to the broader industry, is transitioning away from LIBOR to alternative risk-free rates according to regulator and working group defined timelines and guidance. Invesco continues to actively monitor and adjust the LIBOR transition strategy and timeline as necessary. The discontinuance of LIBOR may adversely affect the amount of interest or other amounts payable or receivable on certain portfolio investments. These changes may also impact the market liquidity and market value of these portfolio investments. Invesco continues to reassess exposure in relation to funds holding LIBOR-based instruments and funds utilizing LIBOR as a benchmark and/or performance target and remediate as necessary. Invesco continues to monitor overall industry transition progress and completes ongoing analysis of the suitability of alternative risk-free rates in executing Invesco’s LIBOR transition plan.

Presentation of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Impact of Consolidated Investment Products

The company provides investment management services to, and has transactions with, various retail mutual funds and similar entities, private equity, real estate, fund-of-funds, collateralized loan obligation products (CLOs) and other investment entities sponsored by the company for the investment of client assets in the normal course of business. The company serves as the investment manager, making day-to-day investment decisions concerning the assets of the products. Investment products that are consolidated are referred to in this Form 10-Q (Report) as consolidated investment products (CIP). The company’s economic risk with respect to each investment in CIP is limited to its equity ownership and any uncollected management and performance fees. See also Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products", for additional information regarding the impact of the consolidation of managed funds.

The majority of the company’s CIP balances are CLO-related. The collateral assets of the CLOs are held solely to satisfy the obligations of the CLOs. The company has no right to the benefits from, nor does it bear the risks associated with, the collateral assets held by the CLOs, beyond the company’s direct investments in, and management and performance fees generated from,
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the CLOs. If the company were to liquidate, the collateral assets would not be available to the general creditors of the company, and as a result, the company does not consider them to be company assets. Likewise, the investors in the CLOs have no recourse to the general credit of the company for the notes issued by the CLOs. The company therefore does not consider this debt to be a company liability.

The impact of CIP is so significant to the presentation of the company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements that the company has elected to deconsolidate these products in its non-GAAP disclosures among other adjustments. See Schedule of Non-GAAP Information for additional information regarding these adjustments. The following discussion therefore combines the results presented under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP) with the company’s non-GAAP presentation. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains four distinct sections, which follow the AUM discussion:

•Results of Operations (three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to three and nine months ended September 30, 2020);
•Schedule of Non-GAAP Information;
•Balance Sheet Discussion; and
•Liquidity and Capital Resources.

Wherever a non-GAAP measure is referenced, a disclosure will follow in the narrative or in the note referring the reader to the Schedule of Non-GAAP Information, where additional details regarding the use of the non-GAAP measure by the company are disclosed, along with reconciliations of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to the non-GAAP measures. To further enhance the readability of the Results of Operations section, separate tables for each of the revenue, expense and other income and expenses (non-operating income/expense) sections of the income statement introduce the narrative that follows, providing a section-by-section review of the company’s income statements for the periods presented.
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Summary Operating Information
Summary operating information is presented in the table below:
$ in millions, other than per common share amounts, operating margins and AUMThree months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
U.S. GAAP Financial Measures Summary2021202020212020
Operating revenues1,750.0 1,497.6 5,131.1 4,515.5 
Operating income463.8 268.5 1,279.0 702.6 
Operating margin26.5 %17.9 %24.9 %15.6 %
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.330.1 191.7 966.2 313.7 
Diluted EPS0.71 0.41 2.08 0.68 
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Summary
Net revenues (1)
1,333.5 1,092.5 3,887.4 3,272.6 
Adjusted operating income (2)
561.6 406.7 1,605.1 1,179.1 
Adjusted operating margin (2)
42.1 %37.2 %41.3 %36.0 %
Adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (3)
358.6 244.0 1,039.9 559.0 
Adjusted diluted EPS (3)
0.77 0.53 2.23 1.21 
Assets Under Management
Ending AUM (billions)1,528.6 1,218.2 1,528.6 1,218.2 
Average AUM (billions)1,540.5 1,206.2 1,471.9 1,167.1 
_________
(1)Net revenues is a non-GAAP financial measure. Net revenues are operating revenues plus the net revenues of our Great Wall joint venture; less pass-through revenue adjustments to investment management fees, service and distribution fees and other; plus management and performance fees earned from CIP. See "Schedule of Non-GAAP Information" for the reconciliation of operating revenues to net revenues.
(2)Adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin are non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted operating margin is adjusted operating income divided by net revenues. Adjusted operating income includes operating income plus the net operating income of our joint venture investments, the operating income impact of the consolidation of investment products, transaction, integration and restructuring adjustments, adjustments for amortization of intangibles, compensation expense related to market valuation changes in deferred compensation plans and other reconciling items. See "Schedule of Non-GAAP Information," for the reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income.
(3)Adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. and adjusted diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. is net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. adjusted to exclude the net income of CIP, transaction, integration and restructuring adjustments, adjustments for amortization of intangibles, adjustments for the tax benefits resulting from tax amortization of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, the net income impact of deferred compensation plans and other reconciling items. Adjustments made to net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. are tax-affected in arriving at adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. By calculation, adjusted diluted EPS is adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (for diluted EPS). See "Schedule of Non-GAAP Information," for the reconciliation of net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. to adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.
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Investment Capabilities Performance Overview

Invesco’s first strategic priority is to achieve strong investment performance over the long-term for our clients. The table below presents the one-, three-, five-, and ten-year performance of our actively managed investment products measured by the percentage of AUM ahead of benchmark and AUM in the top half of peer group (1).
Benchmark ComparisonPeer Group Comparison
% of AUM In Top Half of Benchmark% of AUM in Top Half of Peer Group
1yr3yr5yr10yr1yr3yr5yr10yr
Equities (2)
U.S. Core (4%)16 %18 %14 %14 %5 %18 %13 %1 %
U.S. Growth (7%)57 %45 %52 %52 %47 %100 %88 %52 %
U.S. Value (7%)56 %7 %51 %50 %57 %6 %35 %33 %
Sector (2%)20 %67 %96 %81 %64 %65 %64 %65 %
UK (1%)31 %29 %35 %42 %25 %28 %23 %28 %
Canadian (<1%)76 %64 %64 %35 %76 %64 %41 %35 %
Asian (3%)44 %77 %84 %94 %15 %33 %54 %71 %
Continental European (2%)78 %11 %18 %90 %69 %6 %26 %56 %
Global (7%)79 %58 %80 %80 %62 %13 %81 %89 %
Global Ex U.S. and Emerging Markets (13%)16 %90 %88 %90 %16 %77 %68 %71 %
Fixed Income (2)
Money Market (17%)94 %99 %99 %100 %78 %77 %78 %99 %
U.S. Fixed Income (12%)96 %87 %95 %95 %88 %83 %90 %91 %
Global Fixed Income (5%)90 %84 %95 %98 %64 %71 %80 %85 %
Stable Value (5%)100 %100 %100 %100 %97 %97 %100 %100 %
Other (2)
Alternatives (7%)75 %48 %51 %41 %61 %51 %47 %46 %
Balanced (8%)67 %90 %64 %66 %59 %58 %90 %94 %
_________
(1)    Excludes passive products, closed-end funds, private equity limited partnerships, non-discretionary funds, unit investment trusts, fund of funds with component funds managed by Invesco, stable value building block funds and CDOs. Certain funds and products were excluded from the analysis because of limited benchmark or peer group data. Had these been available, results may have been different. These results are preliminary and subject to revision.
Data as of September 30, 2021. AUM measured in the one, three, five and ten year quartile rankings represents 50%, 49%, 48% and 43% of total Invesco AUM, respectively, and AUM measured versus benchmark on a one, three, five and ten year basis represents 61%, 59%, 57% and 52% of total Invesco AUM. Peer group rankings are sourced from a widely-used third party ranking agency in each fund’s market (e.g., Morningstar, IA, Lipper, eVestment, Mercer, Galaxy, SITCA, Value Research) and asset-weighted in USD. Rankings are as of prior quarter-end for most institutional products and prior month-end for Australian retail funds due to their late release by third parties. Rankings are calculated against all funds in each peer group. Rankings for the primary share class of the most representative fund in each composite are applied to all products within each composite. Performance assumes the reinvestment of dividends. Past performance is not indicative of future results and may not reflect an investor’s experience.
(2)    Numbers in parenthesis reflect AUM for each investment product (see Note above for exclusions) as a percentage of the total AUM for the 5 year peer group ($730.4 billion).

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Assets Under Management movements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020

The following presentation and discussion of AUM includes Passive and Active AUM. Passive AUM includes index-based ETFs, unit investment trusts (UITs), non-management fee earning AUM and other passive mandates. Active AUM is total AUM less Passive AUM.

Non-management fee earning AUM includes non-management fee earning ETFs, UIT and product leverage. The net flows in non-management fee earning AUM can be relatively short-term in nature and, due to the relatively low revenue yield, these can have a significant impact on overall net revenue yield.

The AUM tables and the discussion below refer to certain AUM as long-term. Long-term inflows and the underlying reasons for the movements in this line item include investments from new clients, existing clients adding new accounts/funds or contributions/subscriptions into existing accounts/funds. Long-term outflows reflect client redemptions from accounts/funds and include the return of invested capital on the maturity. We present net flows into money market funds separately because shareholders of those funds typically use them as short-term funding vehicles and because their flows are particularly sensitive to short-term interest rate movements.

Changes in AUM were as follows:
For the three months ended September 30,
20212020
$ in billionsTotal AUMActivePassiveTotal AUMActivePassive
June 301,525.0 1,066.0 459.0 1,145.2 863.5 281.7 
Long-term inflows 91.7 60.3 31.4 71.9 50.0 21.9 
Long-term outflows(78.4)(53.5)(24.9)(64.1)(48.2)(15.9)
Net long-term flows13.3 6.8 6.5 7.8 1.8 6.0 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM
5.5 — 5.5 7.0 — 7.0 
Net flows in money market funds
2.6 2.6 — (3.5)(3.5)— 
Total net flows21.4 9.4 12.0 11.3 (1.7)13.0 
Reinvested distributions
0.8 0.8 — 1.0 1.0 — 
Market gains and losses
(14.6)(13.1)(1.5)53.0 30.0 23.0 
Foreign currency translation(4.0)(3.1)(0.9)7.7 7.4 0.3 
September 301,528.6 1,060.0 468.6 1,218.2 900.2 318.0 
Average AUM
Average long-term AUM1,203.6 930.5 273.1 956.3 786.9 169.4 
Average AUM1,540.5 1,065.6 474.9 1,206.2 898.5 307.7 
Revenue yield
Gross revenue yield on AUM (1)
48.1 61.8 20.0 51.9 63.3 20.5 
Gross revenue yield on AUM before performance fees (1)
48.0 61.6 20.0 51.9 63.3 20.5 
Net revenue yield on AUM (2)
34.6 44.7 12.1 36.2 44.8 11.4 
Net revenue yield on AUM before performance fees (2)
34.4 44.3 12.1 36.0 44.4 11.4 
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For the nine months ended September 30,
20212020
$ in billionsTotal AUMActivePassiveTotal AUMActivePassive
December 311,349.9 979.3 370.6 1,226.2 929.2 297.0 
Long-term inflows 326.3 197.7 128.6 219.3 147.0 72.3 
Long-term outflows(257.4)(181.3)(76.1)(244.8)(179.2)(65.6)
Net long-term flows68.9 16.4 52.5 (25.5)(32.2)6.7 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM
8.1 — 8.1 (11.0)— (11.0)
Net flows in money market funds
29.7 29.7 — 16.2 16.2 — 
Total net flows106.7 46.1 60.6 (20.3)(16.0)(4.3)
Reinvested distributions
2.6 2.6 — 3.9 3.9 — 
Market gains and losses
75.6 36.4 39.2 8.0 (17.2)25.2 
Foreign currency translation(6.2)(4.4)(1.8)0.4 0.3 0.1 
September 301,528.6 1,060.0 468.6 1,218.2 900.2 318.0 
Average AUM
Average long-term AUM1,162.6 914.9 247.7 930.3 769.4 160.8 
Average AUM1,471.9 1,041.0 430.9 1,167.1 878.9 288.2 
Revenue yield
Gross revenue yield on AUM (1)
49.2 62.0 20.7 53.7 64.9 21.4 
Gross revenue yield on AUM before performance fees (1)
49.0 61.7 20.7 53.6 64.8 21.4 
Net revenue yield on AUM (2)
35.2 44.6 12.6 37.4 45.6 12.2 
Net revenue yield on AUM before performance fees (2)
34.9 44.2 12.6 37.1 45.3 12.2 
___________
(1)    Gross revenue yield on AUM is equal to annualized total operating revenues divided by average AUM, excluding Invesco Great Wall AUM. The average AUM for Invesco Great Wall in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $85.5 billion and $81.1 billion (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $51.0 billion and $46.5 billion). It is appropriate to exclude the average AUM of Invesco Great Wall for purposes of computing gross revenue yield on AUM, because the revenues resulting from these AUM are not presented in our operating revenues. Under U.S. GAAP, our share of the net income of Invesco Great Wall Fund Management Company (“Invesco Great Wall”) is recorded as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Gross revenue yield, the most comparable U.S. GAAP-based measure to net revenue yield, is not considered a meaningful effective fee rate measure. Additionally, the numerator of the gross revenue yield measure, operating revenues, excludes the management fees earned from CIP; however, the denominator of the measure includes the AUM of these investment products. Therefore, the gross revenue yield measure is not considered representative of the company’s effective fee rate from AUM.
(2)    Net revenue yield on AUM is equal to annualized net revenues divided by average AUM. See “Schedule of Non-GAAP Information” for a reconciliation of operating revenues to net revenues.

Flows

There are numerous drivers of AUM inflows and outflows, including individual investor decisions to change investment preferences, fiduciaries and other gatekeepers making broad asset allocation decisions on behalf of their clients and reallocation of investments within portfolios. We are not a party to these asset allocation decisions, as the company does not generally have access to the underlying investor’s decision-making process, including their risk appetite or liquidity needs. Therefore, the company is not in a position to provide meaningful information regarding the drivers of inflows and outflows.

Average AUM during the three months ended September 30, 2021 were $1,540.5 billion, compared to $1,206.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Average AUM during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $1,471.9 billion, compared to $1,167.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Market Returns

Market gains and losses include the net change in AUM resulting from changes in market values of the underlying securities from period to period. The table in the “Executive Overview” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis summarizes returns based on price appreciation/(depreciation) of several major market indices for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Foreign Exchange Rates

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we experienced a decrease in AUM of $4.0 billion due to changes in foreign exchange rates. In the three months ended September 30, 2020, AUM increased by $7.7 billion due to foreign exchange rate changes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we experienced decreases in AUM of $6.2 billion due to changes in foreign exchange rates. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, AUM increased by $0.4 billion due to foreign exchange rate changes.

Revenue Yield

As a significant proportion of our AUM is based outside of the U.S., changes in foreign exchange rates result in a change to the mix of U.S. Dollar denominated AUM with AUM denominated in other currencies. As fee rates differ across geographic locations, changes to exchange rates have an impact on the net revenue yields. Changes in our AUM mix also significantly impact our net revenue yield. Passive AUM generally earn a lower effective fee rate than active asset classes, and changes in the mix of products therefore have an impact on our net revenue yield. At the industry level, investors continue to shift towards passive products and away from active, and Invesco is able to participate in this trend due to the breadth, strength and diversified nature of our business.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, net revenue yield was 34.6 basis points compared to 36.2 basis points in the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of 1.6 basis points. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net revenue yield was 35.2 basis points compared to 37.4 basis points in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of 2.2 basis points.

Net revenue yield has declined as a result of shifts in the AUM mix towards passive, lower-fee products. As passive products generally have lower fees than active products, the AUM shift towards passive has contributed to the declining net revenue yield. At September 30, 2021, passive AUM were $468.6 billion, representing 30.7% of total AUM at that date; whereas at September 30, 2020, passive AUM were $318.0 billion, representing 26.1% of our total AUM at that date.

Passive AUM includes our QQQ ETF, for which we do not receive a management fee but which delivers significant marketing and brand value and increases Invesco’s footprint, leadership and relevance in the ETF market. The net revenue yield on passive AUM increased as a result of the QQQ fund’s decreased percentage of passive AUM. At September 30, 2021, the QQQ fund represented $181.5 billion, or 38.7% of passive AUM. At September 30, 2020, the QQQ fund represented $134.4 billion, or 42.3% of passive AUM. In the three months ended September 30, 2021, the net revenue yield on passive AUM was 12.1 basis points compared to 11.4 basis points in the three months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of 0.7 basis points. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the net revenue yield on passive AUM was 12.6 basis points compared to 12.2 basis points in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, an increase of 0.4 basis points.

Also contributing to the decline in net revenue yield were the higher discretionary money market fee waivers, as mentioned in Note 7, "Revenue", which adversely impacts net revenue yield on active AUM. We also saw a greater proportion of inflows into fixed income and relatively lower fee products. These changes have decreased the net revenue yield on active AUM. At September 30, 2021, active AUM were $1,060.0 billion, representing 69.3% of total AUM at that date; whereas at September 30, 2020, active AUM were $900.2 billion, representing 73.9% of our total AUM at that date.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, the net revenue yield on active AUM was 44.7 basis points compared to 44.8 basis points in the three months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of 0.1 basis points. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the net revenue yield on active AUM was 44.6 basis points compared to 45.6 basis points in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a decrease of 1.0 basis point.

We expect the changes adversely impacting our revenue yields described above to continue to pressure yields in the near term.

Changes in our AUM by channel, asset class and client domicile, and average AUM by asset class, are presented below:

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Total AUM by Channel (1)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalRetailInstitutional
June 30, 20211,525.0 1,060.7 464.3 
Long-term inflows91.7 62.3 29.4 
Long-term outflows(78.4)(60.5)(17.9)
Net long-term flows13.3 1.8 11.5 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 5.7 (0.2)
Net flows in money market funds2.6 (0.4)3.0 
Total net flows21.4 7.1 14.3 
Reinvested distributions
0.8 0.8 — 
Market gains and losses(14.6)(15.5)0.9 
Foreign currency translation(4.0)(1.5)(2.5)
September 30, 20211,528.6 1,051.6 477.0 
June 30, 20201,145.2 788.4 356.8 
Long-term inflows 71.9 52.2 19.7 
Long-term outflows(64.1)(52.5)(11.6)
Net long-term flows7.8 (0.3)8.1 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 5.3 1.7 
Net flows in money market funds(3.5)0.8 (4.3)
Total net flows11.3 5.8 5.5 
Reinvested distributions
1.0 0.9 0.1 
Market gains and losses53.0 47.2 5.8 
Foreign currency translation7.7 3.8 3.9 
September 30, 20201,218.2 846.1 372.1 

















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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalRetailInstitutional
December 31, 20201,349.9 947.1 402.8 
Long-term inflows326.3 232.0 94.3 
Long-term outflows(257.4)(199.5)(57.9)
Net long-term flows68.9 32.5 36.4 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 7.5 0.6 
Net flows in money market funds29.7 3.6 26.1 
Total net flows106.7 43.6 63.1 
Reinvested distributions
2.6 2.4 0.2 
Market gains and losses75.6 59.0 16.6 
Foreign currency translation(6.2)(0.5)(5.7)
September 30, 20211,528.6 1,051.6 477.0 
December 31, 20191,226.2 878.2 348.0 
Long-term inflows 219.3 157.4 61.9 
Long-term outflows(244.8)(202.6)(42.2)
Net long-term flows(25.5)(45.2)19.7 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)6.1 (17.1)
Net flows in money market funds16.2 3.4 12.8 
Total net flows(20.3)(35.7)15.4 
Reinvested distributions
3.9 3.7 0.2 
Market gains and losses8.0 0.9 7.1 
Foreign currency translation0.4 (1.0)1.4 
September 30, 20201,218.2 846.1 372.1 
See accompanying notes immediately following these AUM tables.
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Passive AUM by Channel (1)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
$ in billionsTotalRetailInstitutional
June 30, 2021459.0 411.4 47.6 
Long-term inflows 31.4 26.8 4.6 
Long-term outflows(24.9)(22.6)(2.3)
Net long-term flows6.5 4.2 2.3 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 5.7 (0.2)
Total net flows12.0 9.9 2.1 
Market gains and losses (1.5)(1.7)0.2 
Foreign currency translation(0.9)(0.2)(0.7)
September 30, 2021468.6 419.4 49.2 
June 30, 2020281.7 270.4 11.3 
Long-term inflows 21.9 21.4 0.5 
Long-term outflows(15.9)(15.6)(0.3)
Net long-term flows6.0 5.8 0.2 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 5.3 1.7 
Total net flows13.0 11.1 1.9 
Market gains and losses 23.0 22.3 0.7 
Foreign currency translation0.3 0.3 — 
September 30, 2020318.0 304.1 13.9 






















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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalRetailInstitutional
December 31, 2020370.6 346.0 24.6 
Long-term inflows 128.6 102.7 25.9 
Long-term outflows(76.1)(71.7)(4.4)
Net long-term flows52.5 31.0 21.5 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 7.5 0.6 
Total net flows60.6 38.5 22.1 
Market gains and losses 39.2 35.3 3.9 
Foreign currency translation(1.8)(0.4)(1.4)
September 30, 2021468.6 419.4 49.2 
December 31, 2019297.0 275.8 21.2 
Long-term inflows 72.3 64.3 8.0 
Long-term outflows(65.6)(64.9)(0.7)
Net long-term flows6.7 (0.6)7.3 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)6.1 (17.1)
Total net flows(4.3)5.5 (9.8)
Market gains and losses 25.2 22.7 2.5 
Foreign currency translation0.1 0.1 — 
September 30, 2020318.0 304.1 13.9 
____________
See accompanying notes immediately following these AUM tables.

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Total AUM by Asset Class (2)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
$ in billionsTotalEquityFixed IncomeBalancedMoney Market Alternatives
June 30, 20211,525.0 795.5 317.6 88.5 135.7 187.7 
Long-term inflows 91.7 41.8 27.3 9.5 — 13.1 
Long-term outflows(78.4)(42.8)(16.3)(8.5)— (10.8)
Net long-term flows13.3 (1.0)11.0 1.0 — 2.3 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 5.8 (0.3)— — — 
Net flows in money market funds2.6 — — — 2.6 — 
Total net flows21.4 4.8 10.7 1.0 2.6 2.3 
Reinvested distributions
0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 — 0.2 
Market gains and losses(14.6)(12.1)(1.0)(3.7)0.3 1.9 
Foreign currency translation(4.0)(2.1)(0.7)(0.4)(0.1)(0.7)
September 30, 20211,528.6 786.3 326.9 85.5 138.5 191.4 
Average AUM1,540.5 805.8 322.6 85.7 135.2 191.2 
% of total average AUM100.0 %52.3 %20.9 %5.6 %8.8 %12.4 %
June 30, 20201,145.2 544.9 260.7 60.9 111.5 167.2 
Long-term inflows 71.9 27.9 24.4 9.6 — 10.0 
Long-term outflows(64.1)(32.0)(15.6)(7.1)— (9.4)
Net long-term flows7.8 (4.1)8.8 2.5 — 0.6 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 5.4 1.6 — — — 
Net flows in money market funds(3.5)— — — (3.5)— 
Total net flows11.3 1.3 10.4 2.5 (3.5)0.6 
Reinvested distributions
1.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 — 0.2 
Market gains and losses53.0 43.6 3.4 3.3 0.2 2.5 
Foreign currency translation7.7 2.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 
September 30, 20201,218.2 592.4 276.4 68.1 109.3 172.0 
Average AUM1,206.2 583.6 271.8 66.2 111.6 173.0 
% of total average AUM100.0 %48.4 %22.5 %5.5 %9.3 %14.3 %











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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:
$ in billionsTotalEquityFixed IncomeBalancedMoney Market Alternatives
December 31, 20201,349.9 689.6 296.4 78.9 108.5 176.5 
Long-term inflows 326.3 158.6 86.5 40.9 — 40.3 
Long-term outflows(257.4)(134.8)(54.3)(34.4)— (33.9)
Net long-term flows68.9 23.8 32.2 6.5 — 6.4 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 7.8 0.3 — — — 
Net flows in money market funds29.7 — — — 29.7 — 
Total net flows106.7 31.6 32.5 6.5 29.7 6.4 
Reinvested distributions
2.6 0.6 1.1 0.3 — 0.6 
Market gains and losses75.6 67.3 (0.9)(0.2)0.1 9.3 
Foreign currency translation(6.2)(2.8)(2.2)— 0.2 (1.4)
September 30, 20211,528.6 786.3 326.9 85.5 138.5 191.4 
Average AUM1,471.9 762.5 311.5 86.4 126.2 185.3 
% of total average AUM100.0 %51.8 %21.1 %5.9 %8.6 %12.6 %
December 31, 20191,226.2 598.8 283.5 67.3 91.4 185.2 
Long-term inflows 219.3 88.9 76.2 20.8 — 33.4 
Long-term outflows(244.8)(126.8)(58.3)(20.8)— (38.9)
Net long-term flows(25.5)(37.9)17.9 — — (5.5)
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)16.0 (27.0)— — — 
Net flows in money market funds16.2 — — — 16.2 — 
Total net flows(20.3)(21.9)(9.1)— 16.2 (5.5)
Reinvested distributions
3.9 1.2 1.4 0.4 — 0.9 
Market gains and losses8.0 15.2 0.3 0.1 1.3 (8.9)
Foreign currency translation0.4 (0.9)0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 
September 30, 20201,218.2 592.4 276.4 68.1 109.3 172.0 
Average AUM1,167.1 551.4 271.0 62.7 109.4 172.6 
% of total average AUM100.0 %47.2 %23.2 %5.4 %9.4 %14.8 %
____________
See accompanying notes immediately following these AUM tables.
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Passive AUM by Asset Class (2)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalEquityFixed IncomeBalancedMoney MarketAlternatives
June 30, 2021459.0 383.5 43.0 1.1 — 31.4 
Long-term inflows 31.4 25.8 2.3 — — 3.3 
Long-term outflows(24.9)(19.8)(2.3)— — (2.8)
Net long-term flows6.5 6.0 — — — 0.5 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 5.8 (0.3)— — — 
Total net flows12.0 11.8 (0.3)— — 0.5 
Market gains and losses (1.5)(1.3)(0.3)— — 0.1 
Foreign currency translation(0.9)(0.6)(0.2)— — (0.1)
September 30, 2021468.6 393.4 42.2 1.1 — 31.9 
Average AUM474.9 399.4 42.6 1.1 — 31.8 
% of total average AUM100.0 %84.1 %9.0 %0.2 %— %6.7 %
June 30, 2020281.7 228.3 30.6 0.8 — 22.0 
Long-term inflows 21.9 13.4 3.0 — — 5.5 
Long-term outflows(15.9)(10.7)(1.7)— — (3.5)
Net long-term flows6.0 2.7 1.3 — — 2.0 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 5.4 1.6 — — — 
Total net flows13.0 8.1 2.9 — — 2.0 
Market gains and losses 23.0 21.8 — — — 1.2 
Foreign currency translation0.3 0.2 0.1 — — — 
September 30, 2020318.0 258.4 33.6 0.8 — 25.2 
Average AUM307.7 249.3 32.8 0.8 — 24.8 
% of total average AUM100.0 %81.0 %10.7 %0.3 %— %8.0 %




















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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalEquityFixed IncomeBalancedMoney MarketAlternatives
December 31, 2020370.6 306.4 37.0 1.0 — 26.2 
Long-term inflows 128.6 102.7 11.7 0.1 — 14.1 
Long-term outflows(76.1)(61.8)(5.8)— — (8.5)
Net long-term flows52.5 40.9 5.9 0.1 — 5.6 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 7.8 0.4 (0.1)— — 
Total net flows60.6 48.7 6.3 — — 5.6 
Market gains and losses 39.2 39.4 (0.7)0.1 — 0.4 
Foreign currency translation(1.8)(1.1)(0.4)— — (0.3)
September 30, 2021468.6 393.4 42.2 1.1 — 31.9 
Average AUM430.9 359.4 40.6 1.1 — 29.8 
% of total average AUM100.0 %83.4 %9.4 %0.3 %— %6.9 %
December 31, 2019297.0 217.1 58.9 0.9 — 20.1 
Long-term inflows 72.3 45.9 9.8 — — 16.6 
Long-term outflows(65.6)(45.7)(7.3)— — (12.6)
Net long-term flows6.7 0.2 2.5 — — 4.0 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)16.0 (27.0)— — — 
Total net flows(4.3)16.2 (24.5)— — 4.0 
Market gains and losses 25.2 25.0 (0.8)(0.1)— 1.1 
Foreign currency translation0.1 0.1 — — — — 
September 30, 2020318.0 258.4 33.6 0.8 — 25.2 
Average AUM288.2 223.3 42.1 0.8 — 22.0 
% of total average AUM100.0 %77.5 %14.6 %0.3 %— %7.6 %
____________
See accompanying notes immediately following these AUM tables.
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Total AUM by Client Domicile (3)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalAmericasAsia PacificEMEA Ex UKUK
June 30, 20211,525.0 1,075.8 225.6 161.7 61.9 
Long-term inflows 91.7 49.7 26.0 13.9 2.1 
Long-term outflows(78.4)(44.9)(16.7)(12.9)(3.9)
Net long-term flows13.3 4.8 9.3 1.0 (1.8)
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 4.6 0.9 — — 
Net flows in money market funds2.6 2.7 (0.2)0.1 — 
Total net flows21.4 12.1 10.0 1.1 (1.8)
Reinvested distributions
0.8 0.7 — — 0.1 
Market gains and losses(14.6)(8.7)(4.2)(2.0)0.3 
Foreign currency translation(4.0)(0.7)(1.1)(0.9)(1.3)
September 30, 20211,528.6 1,079.2 230.3 159.9 59.2 
June 30, 20201,145.2 829.8 129.4 130.9 55.1 
Long-term inflows 71.9 33.8 20.0 13.2 4.9 
Long-term outflows(64.1)(38.2)(12.0)(10.4)(3.5)
Net long-term flows7.8 (4.4)8.0 2.8 1.4 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 6.3 0.2 0.5 — 
Net flows in money market funds(3.5)(5.5)2.2 (0.2)— 
Total net flows11.3 (3.6)10.4 3.1 1.4 
Reinvested distributions
1.0 0.9 — — 0.1 
Market gains and losses53.0 44.0 4.8 4.2 — 
Foreign currency translation7.7 0.5 3.1 1.7 2.4 
September 30, 20201,218.2 871.6 147.7 139.9 59.0 




















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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalAmericasAsia PacificEMEA Ex UKUK
December 31, 20201,349.9 959.9 171.3 151.7 67.0 
Long-term inflows 326.3 163.6 107.8 47.8 7.1 
Long-term outflows(257.4)(143.8)(53.5)(42.1)(18.0)
Net long-term flows68.9 19.8 54.3 5.7 (10.9)
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 6.3 1.8 — — 
Net flows in money market funds29.7 25.5 4.3 (0.1)— 
Total net flows106.7 51.6 60.4 5.6 (10.9)
Reinvested distributions
2.6 2.3 0.1 — 0.2 
Market gains and losses75.6 65.5 2.3 4.2 3.6 
Foreign currency translation(6.2)(0.1)(3.8)(1.6)(0.7)
September 30, 20211,528.6 1,079.2 230.3 159.9 59.2 
December 31, 20191,226.2 879.5 128.6 143.7 74.4 
Long-term inflows 219.3 125.6 42.6 43.0 8.1 
Long-term outflows(244.8)(158.3)(32.4)(39.6)(14.5)
Net long-term flows(25.5)(32.7)10.2 3.4 (6.4)
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)(2.5)0.7 (9.1)(0.1)
Net flows in money market funds16.2 13.7 2.4 — 0.1 
Total net flows(20.3)(21.5)13.3 (5.7)(6.4)
Reinvested distributions
3.9 3.7 0.1 — 0.1 
Market gains and losses8.0 10.6 3.5 1.1 (7.2)
Foreign currency translation0.4 (0.7)2.2 0.8 (1.9)
September 30, 20201,218.2 871.6 147.7 139.9 59.0 

________
See accompanying notes immediately following these AUM tables.
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Passive AUM by Client Domicile (3)

As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalAmericasAsia PacificEMEA Ex UKUK
June 30, 2021459.0 359.5 32.2 66.3 1.0 
Long-term inflows 31.4 20.9 1.7 8.7 0.1 
Long-term outflows(24.9)(17.1)(1.5)(6.2)(0.1)
Net long-term flows6.5 3.8 0.2 2.5 — 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM5.5 4.6 0.9 — — 
Total net flows12.0 8.4 1.1 2.5 — 
Market gains and losses (1.5)(1.5)0.2 (0.2)— 
Foreign currency translation(0.9)— (0.7)(0.2)— 
September 30, 2021468.6 366.4 32.8 68.4 1.0 
June 30, 2020281.7 229.0 6.1 46.0 0.6 
Long-term inflows 21.9 11.9 0.7 9.1 0.2 
Long-term outflows(15.9)(9.5)(0.6)(5.7)(0.1)
Net long-term flows6.0 2.4 0.1 3.4 0.1 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM7.0 6.3 0.2 0.5 — 
Total net flows13.0 8.7 0.3 3.9 0.1 
Market gains and losses 23.0 18.8 0.5 3.7 — 
Foreign currency translation0.3 — — 0.3 — 
September 30, 2020318.0 256.5 6.9 53.9 0.7 































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As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020:

$ in billionsTotalAmericasAsia PacificEMEA Ex UKUK
December 31, 2020370.6 303.0 7.9 58.9 0.8 
Long-term inflows 128.6 75.8 24.5 27.6 0.7 
Long-term outflows(76.1)(51.1)(3.3)(21.2)(0.5)
Net long-term flows52.5 24.7 21.2 6.4 0.2 
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM8.1 6.4 1.7 — — 
Total net flows60.6 31.1 22.9 6.4 0.2 
Market gains and losses 39.2 32.3 3.4 3.5 — 
Foreign currency translation(1.8)— (1.4)(0.4)— 
September 30, 2021468.6 366.4 32.8 68.4 1.0 
December 31, 2019297.0 240.0 4.9 51.4 0.7 
Long-term inflows 72.3 42.4 1.9 27.4 0.6 
Long-term outflows(65.6)(43.7)(1.4)(20.0)(0.5)
Net long-term flows6.7 (1.3)0.5 7.4 0.1
Net flows in non-management fee earning AUM(11.0)(2.5)0.7 (9.1)(0.1)
Total net flows(4.3)(3.8)1.2 (1.7)— 
Market gains and losses 25.2 20.4 0.8 4.0 — 
Foreign currency translation0.1 (0.1)— 0.2 — 
September 30, 2020318.0 256.5 6.9 53.9 0.7 
____________
(1)    Channel refers to the internal distribution channel from which the AUM originated. Retail AUM represents AUM distributed by the company’s retail sales team. Institutional AUM represents AUM distributed by our institutional sales team. This aggregation is viewed as a proxy for presenting AUM in the retail and institutional markets in which the company operates.
(2)    Asset classes are descriptive groupings of AUM by common type of underlying investments.
(3)    Client domicile disclosure groups AUM by the domicile of the underlying clients.


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Results of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020

The discussion below includes the use of non-GAAP financial measures. See “Schedule of Non-GAAP Information” for additional details and reconciliations of the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures to the non-GAAP measures.

Operating Revenues and Net Revenues

The main categories of revenues and the dollar and percentage change between the periods are as follows:
VarianceVariance
Three months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020Nine months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020
$ in millions20212020$ Change% Change20212020$ Change% Change
Investment management fees1,275.5 1,096.8 178.7 16.3 %3,729.5 3,302.2 427.3 12.9 %
Service and distribution fees409.1 352.7 56.4 16.0 %1,191.2 1,051.2 140.0 13.3 %
Performance fees4.8 — 4.8 N/A22.0 8.3 13.7 165.1 %
Other60.6 48.1 12.5 26.0 %188.4 153.8 34.6 22.5 %
Total operating revenues1,750.0 1,497.6 252.4 16.9 %5,131.1 4,515.5 615.6 13.6 %
Invesco Great Wall118.7 65.3 53.4 81.8 %333.6 167.2 166.4 99.5 %
Revenue Adjustments:
Investment management fees(216.3)(192.6)(23.7)12.3 %(632.3)(573.1)(59.2)10.3 %
Service and distribution fees(278.0)(245.0)(33.0)13.5 %(809.2)(730.1)(79.1)10.8 %
Other(52.1)(43.2)(8.9)20.6 %(167.3)(136.7)(30.6)22.4 %
Total Revenue Adjustments (1)
(546.4)(480.8)(65.6)13.6 %(1,608.8)(1,439.9)(168.9)11.7 %
CIP11.2 10.4 0.8 7.7 %31.5 29.8 1.7 5.7 %
Net revenues (2)
1,333.5 1,092.5 241.0 22.1 %3,887.4 3,272.6 614.8 18.8 %
____________
(1)    Total revenue adjustments includes passed through investment management, service and distribution and other revenues and equal the same amount as the third party distribution, service and advisory expenses.
(2)    Net revenues are operating revenues less revenue adjustments, plus net revenues from Invesco Great Wall, plus management and performance fees earned from CIP. See “Schedule of Non-GAAP Information” for additional important disclosures regarding the use of net revenues.

The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased operating revenues by $15.8 million, equivalent to 0.9% of total operating revenues, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased operating revenues by $91.4 million, equivalent to 1.8% of total operating revenues, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Additionally, our revenues are directly influenced by the level and composition of our AUM. Therefore, movements in global capital market levels, net business inflows (or outflows), changes in the mix of investment products between asset classes and geographies may materially affect our revenues from period to period.

Investment Management Fees

Investment management fees increased by $178.7 million (16.3%) in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $1,275.5 million as compared to $1,096.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020. The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased investment management fees by $14.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange
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movements, investment management fees increased by $164.5 million (15.0%) as a result of a 27.7% increase in average AUM, partially offset by lower net revenue yields when compared to the 2020 period. Net revenue yield has declined as a result of shifts in the AUM mix towards passive, lower-fee products. Additionally, higher discretionary money market fee waivers adversely impacted the net revenue yield on active AUM.

Investment management fees increased by $427.3 million (12.9%) in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $3,729.5 million as compared to $3,302.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased investment management fees by $77.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange movements, investment management fees increased by $349.6 million (10.6%) as a result of a 26.1% increase in average AUM, partially offset by lower revenue yields when compared to the 2020 period. Net revenue yield has declined as a result of shifts in the AUM mix towards passive, lower-fee products. Additionally, higher discretionary money market fee waivers adversely impacted the net revenue yield on active AUM.

See further discussion in the company’s disclosures regarding the changes in AUM and revenue yields during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 in the “Assets Under Management” section above for additional information regarding the impact of changes in AUM on management fee yields.

Service and Distribution Fees

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, service and distribution fees increased by $56.4 million (16.0%) to $409.1 million as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020 of $352.7 million. The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased service and distribution fees by $1.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange movements, service and distribution fees increased by $54.8 million. The total increase is driven by increases in distribution fees of $26.7 million, transfer agency fees of $18.1 million and administration fees of $9.6 million. The increase is primarily driven by higher AUM to which these fees apply. The transfer agency fees increase includes $8.1 million related to a pricing structure change in our US transfer agency services, which is offset by increases in third party distribution, service and advisory expense and property, office and technology expense.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, service and distribution fees increased by $140.0 million (13.3%) to $1,191.2 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $1,051.2 million. The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased service and distribution fees by $12.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange movements, service and distribution fees increased by $127.5 million. The total increase is driven by increases in distribution fees of $68.6 million, administration fees of $26.2 million and transfer agency fees of $31.7 million. The increase is primarily driven by higher AUM to which these fees apply. The transfer agency fees increase includes $8.1 million related to a pricing structure change in our US transfer agency services, which is offset by increases in third party distribution, service and advisory expense and property, office and technology expense.

Performance Fees

Of our $1,528.6 billion in AUM at September 30, 2021, approximately $58.3 billion (3.8%) could potentially earn performance fees, including carried interests and performance fees related to partnership investments and separate accounts.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, performance fees increased to $4.8 million from zero performance fees earned in the three months ended September 30, 2020. Performance fees during the three months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily generated from real estate products.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, performance fees increased by $13.7 million (165.1%) to $22.0 million when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 of $8.3 million. Performance fees during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily generated from various institutional mandates in Japan and real estate products.

Other Revenues

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, other revenues increased by $12.5 million (26.0%) to $60.6 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $48.1 million). Foreign exchange rate movements did not impact other revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in
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other revenues was primarily driven by increases in front end fees of $8.2 million and real estate transaction fees of $2.6 million.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, other revenues increased by $34.6 million (22.5%) to $188.4 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $153.8 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased other revenues by $0.6 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in other revenues was primarily driven by increases in front end fees of $25.3 million and real estate transaction fees of $6.8 million.

Invesco Great Wall

The company’s most significant joint venture arrangement is our 49% investment in Invesco Great Wall Fund Management Company Limited (Invesco Great Wall). Management believes that the revenues from Invesco Great Wall should be added to operating revenues to arrive at net revenues, as it is important to evaluate the contribution to the business that Invesco Great Wall is making. See “Schedule of Non-GAAP Information” for additional disclosures regarding the use of net revenues.

Management reflects 100% of Invesco Great Wall in its net revenues and adjusted operating expenses. The company’s non-GAAP operating results reflect the economics of these holdings on a basis consistent with the underlying AUM and flows. Adjusted net income is reduced by the amount of earnings attributable to non-controlling interests.

Net revenues from Invesco Great Wall were $118.7 million and average AUM was $85.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2021 (net revenues were $65.3 million and average AUM was $51.0 billion in the three months ended September 30, 2020). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements during the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased net revenues by $7.8 million as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange movements, net revenues from Invesco Great Wall were $110.9 million. The increase in revenue is a result of higher AUM and improved net revenue yield.

Net revenues from Invesco Great Wall were $333.6 million and average AUM was $81.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (net revenues were $167.2 million and average AUM was $46.5 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2020). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased net revenues by $24.9 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange movements, net revenues from Invesco Great Wall were $308.7 million. The increase in revenue is a result of higher AUM and improved net revenue yield.

Management, performance and other fees earned from CIP

Management believes that the consolidation of investment products may impact a reader’s analysis of our underlying results of operations and could result in investor confusion or the production of information about the company by analysts or external credit rating agencies that is not reflective of the underlying results of operations and financial condition of the company. Accordingly, management believes that it is appropriate to adjust operating revenues for the impact of CIP in calculating net revenues. As management and performance fees earned by Invesco from the consolidated products are eliminated upon consolidation of the investment products, management believes that it is appropriate to add these operating revenues back in the calculation of net revenues. See “Schedule of Non-GAAP Information” for additional disclosures regarding the use of net revenues.

Management and performance fees earned from CIP were $11.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $10.4 million).

Management and performance fees earned from CIP were $31.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $29.8 million).
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Operating Expenses

The main categories of operating expenses, and the dollar and percentage changes between periods, are as follows:

VarianceVariance
Three months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020Nine months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020
$ in millions20212020$ Change% Change20212020$ Change% Change
Third-party distribution, service and advisory546.4 480.8 65.6 13.6 %1,608.8 1,439.9 168.9 11.7 %
Employee compensation476.7 444.5 32.2 7.2 %1,452.9 1,321.0 131.9 10.0 %
Marketing20.3 15.6 4.7 30.1 %60.6 62.7 (2.1)(3.3)%
Property, office and technology134.2 127.5 6.7 5.3 %390.7 386.2 4.5 1.2 %
General and administrative105.0 89.7 15.3 17.1 %304.9 384.9 (80.0)(20.8)%
Transaction, integration and restructuring(12.0)55.3 (67.3)N/A(13.3)171.4 (184.7)N/A
Amortization of intangibles (1)
15.6 15.7 (0.1)(0.6)%47.5 46.8 0.7 1.5 %
Total operating expenses1,286.2 1,229.1 57.1 4.6 %3,852.1 3,812.9 39.2 1.0 %

The tables below set forth these expense categories as a percentage of total operating expenses and operating revenues, which we believe provides useful information as to the relative significance of each type of expense.
$ in millionsThree months ended September 30, 2021% of Total Operating Expenses% of Operating RevenuesThree months ended September 30, 2020% of Total Operating Expenses% of Operating Revenues
Third-party distribution, service and advisory546.4 42.5 %31.2 %480.8 39.0 %32.1 %
Employee compensation476.737.1 %27.2 %444.5 36.2 %29.7 %
Marketing20.31.6 %1.2 %15.6 1.3 %1.0 %
Property, office and technology134.210.4 %7.7 %127.5 10.4 %8.5 %
General and administrative105.08.2 %6.0 %89.7 7.3 %6.0 %
Transaction, integration and restructuring(12.0)(0.9)%(0.7)%55.3 4.5 %3.7 %
Amortization of intangibles (1)
15.61.1 %0.9 %15.7 1.3 %1.0 %
Total operating expenses1,286.2 100.0 %73.5 %1,229.1 100.0 %82.0 %
$ in millionsNine months ended
September 30, 2021		% of Total Operating Expenses% of Operating RevenuesNine months ended
September 30, 2020		% of Total Operating Expenses% of Operating Revenues
Third-party distribution, service and advisory1,608.8 41.8 %31.4 %1,439.9 37.9 %31.9 %
Employee compensation1,452.937.7 %28.3 %1,321.0 34.6 %29.3 %
Marketing60.61.6 %1.2 %62.7 1.6 %1.4 %
Property, office and technology390.710.1 %7.6 %386.2 10.1 %8.6 %
General and administrative304.97.9 %5.9 %384.9 10.1 %8.5 %
Transaction, integration and restructuring(13.3)(0.3)%(0.3)%171.4 4.5 %3.9 %
Amortization of intangibles (1)
47.51.2 %0.9 %46.8 1.2 %1.0 %
Total operating expenses3,852.1 100.0 %75.0 %3,812.9 100.0 %84.4 %
(1)    In prior periods, amortization of intangible assets was included in the transaction, integration and restructuring line item. Beginning in 2021, amortization of intangible assets is presented as its own line item. There is no impact on operating expenses, operating income or net income.
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During the three months ended September 30, 2021, operating expenses increased by $57.1 million (4.6%) to $1,286.2 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $1,229.1 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased operating expenses by $13.8 million, or 1.1% of total operating expenses, during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, operating expenses increased by $39.2 million (1.0%) to $3,852.1 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $3,812.9 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased operating expenses by $80.9 million, or 2.1% of total operating expenses, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Third-Party Distribution, Service and Advisory

Third party distribution, service and advisory expenses increased $65.6 million (13.6%) to $546.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $480.8 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased third party costs by $3.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, the increase in costs was $62.2 million. Included are increases of $30.5 million in service fees (primarily 12b-1 fees and transfer agency fees), $10.4 million in renewal commissions, $5.9 million in transaction fees and $5.4 million in fund expenses. Also included were increases in unitary fees, asset and sales-based fees and front end commissions. The increase is primarily driven by higher average AUM, partially offset by AUM mix as discussed above. See "Schedule of Non-GAAP Information" for additional disclosures.

Third party distribution service and advisory expenses increased $168.9 million (11.7%) to $1,608.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $1,439.9 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased third party costs by $26.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, the increase in costs was $142.5 million. Included are increases of $74.9 million in service fees (primarily 12b-1 fees and transfer agency fees), $19.2 million in transaction fees, $11.9 million in unitary fees, $10.9 million in asset and sales-based fees, $10.8 million in front end commissions, $10.1 million in renewal commissions and $11.5 million in fund expenses. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales commissions of $5.2 million. The increase is primarily driven by higher average AUM, partially offset by AUM mix as discussed above. See "Schedule of Non-GAAP Information" for additional disclosures.

Employee Compensation

Employee compensation increased $32.2 million (7.2%) to $476.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $444.5 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased employee compensation by $6.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, there was an increase in employee compensation of $25.9 million. This increase was due to increases of $41.6 million in variable compensation due to improved performance of the company in 2021 and $3.5 million in other staff costs. The increase was partially offset by decreases of $11.6 million and $8.6 million related to the mark-to-market on the deferred compensation liability and base salaries as a result of savings realized from our strategic evaluation, respectively.

Employee compensation increased $131.9 million (10.0%) to $1,452.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $1,321.0 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased employee compensation by $32.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, there was an increase in employee compensation of $99.0 million. This increase was due to increases of $120.4 million in variable compensation due to improved performance of the company in 2021 as well as $30.9 million related to the mark-to-market on the deferred compensation liability. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $39.9 million in base salaries, staff benefits and other staff costs as a result of savings realized from our strategic evaluation as well as a $12.5 million decrease in share-based compensation expenses.

Headcount at September 30, 2021 was 8,507 (September 30, 2020: 8,750), with the decrease primarily due to the strategic
evaluation initiated in the third quarter of 2020.

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Marketing

Marketing expenses increased $4.7 million (30.1%) to $20.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $15.6 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased marketing expenses by $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, the increase in marketing expenses was $4.3 million. The increase was related to increased advertising, travel and client events.

Marketing expenses decreased $2.1 million (3.3%) to $60.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $62.7 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased marketing expenses by $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate changes, the decrease in marketing expenses was $4.4 million. The decrease was related to decreased travel, sales literature and research and other marketing costs, partially offset by increased advertising.

Property, Office and Technology

Property, office and technology costs increased by $6.7 million (5.3%) to $134.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $127.5 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased property, office and technology expenses by $1.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate movements, the increase was $4.8 million. The increase was driven by increases in outsourced administration costs of $3.8 million, including the transfer agency pricing structure change mentioned above, software maintenance costs of $3.1 million and depreciation expenses of $3.0 million, partially offset by lower property expenses of $4.3 million.

Property, office and technology costs increased by $4.5 million (1.2%) to $390.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $386.2 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased property, office and technology expenses by $9.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate movements, the decrease was $4.6 million. The decrease was driven by lower property expenses of $16.6 million, offset by increases in depreciation expenses of $6.6 million, software maintenance costs of $5.7 million and outsourced administration costs of $2.4 million, including the transfer agency pricing structure change mentioned above.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses increased by $15.3 million (17.1%) to $105.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $89.7 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased general and administrative expenses by $1.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate movements, the increase was $13.5 million. The increase was primarily driven by increases of $6.5 million in professional services costs, $5.1 million in fund expenses incurred by CIP and $3.9 million of market data services costs. The increase was partially offset by $2.9 million in foreign currency revaluations.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $80.0 million (20.8%) to $304.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $384.9 million). The impact of foreign exchange rate movements increased general and administrative expenses by $10.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. After allowing for foreign exchange rate movements, the decrease was $90.2 million. The decrease was primarily driven by the $105.3 million S&P 500 equal weight funds rebalancing correction in 2020. Other decreases include $5.7 million in travel expenses and $3.7 million in indirect taxes. These decreases were partially offset by increases of $10.9 million in professional services costs, $5.9 million and market data services costs, $3.1 million in foreign currency revaluations and $2.9 million in fund expenses incurred by CIP.

Transaction, Integration and Restructuring

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, transaction, integration and restructuring was a benefit to expense of $12.0 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $55.3 million expense).

Transaction and integration expense (excluding restructuring) was a benefit of $37.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $52.0 million expenses), primarily related to a $45.7 million
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reduction in the estimated OppenheimerFunds acquisition-related liability (See Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional details). The benefit was partially offset by $5.8 million of compensation-related expenses and $2.3 million of non-compensation expenses primarily related to the OppenheimerFunds acquisition.

Restructuring costs were $25.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $19.0 million). Restructuring costs related to the strategic evaluation were $17.9 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $15.3 million) and are primarily composed of severance and other personnel-related charges (see Note 9, "Restructuring", for additional details).

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, transaction, integration and restructuring was a benefit to expense of $13.3 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $171.4 million expense).

Transaction and integration expense (excluding restructuring) was a benefit of $96.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $182.4 million expense), primarily related to a $131.1 million reduction in the estimated OppenheimerFunds acquisition-related liability (See Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional details). The benefit was partially offset by $16.5 million of compensation-related expenses and $18.6 million of non-compensation expenses primarily related to the OppenheimerFunds acquisition.

Restructuring costs were $82.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $35.8 million). Restructuring costs related to the strategic evaluation were $68.0 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $15.3 million) and are primarily composed of severance and other personnel-related charges (see Note 9, "Restructuring", for additional details).

Other Income and Expenses

The main categories of other income and expenses, and the dollar and percentage changes between periods are as follows:
VarianceVariance
Three months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020Nine months ended September 30,2021 vs 2020
$ in millions20212020$ Change% Change20212020$ Change% Change
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates54.6 18.6 36.0 193.5 %119.3 46.7 72.6 155.5 %
Interest and dividend income1.9 2.6 (0.7)(26.9)%3.6 11.4 (7.8)(68.4)%
Interest expense(23.1)(33.8)10.7 (31.7)%(71.5)(104.9)33.4 (31.8)%
Other gains and losses, net(12.1)31.5 (43.6)N/A65.4 (15.0)80.4 N/A
Other income/(expense) of CIP, net200.2 99.2 101.0 101.8 %416.9 28.6 388.3 1,357.7 %
Total other income and expenses221.5 118.1 103.4 87.6 %533.7 (33.2)566.9 N/A
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates increased by $36.0 million to $54.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $18.6 million). The increase is primarily driven by increases in our joint venture investments in China, private equity investments and real estate investments.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates increased by $72.6 million to $119.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $46.7 million). The increase is primarily driven by increases in our joint venture investments in China and private equity investments.

Interest expense

Interest expense decreased by $10.7 million to $23.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $33.8 million). The decrease is primarily driven by the settlement of the forward contracts in the second quarter of 2021 and lower interest expense on the credit facility, which had a zero balance as of September 30, 2021 compared to $90.0 million as of September 30, 2020.

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Interest expense decreased by $33.4 million to $71.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $104.9 million). The decrease is primarily driven by the settlement of the forward contracts in the second quarter of 2021 and lower interest expense from borrowings on the credit facility, which had a zero balance as of September 30, 2021 compared to $90.0 million as of September 30, 2020.

Other gains and losses, net

Other gains and losses, net was a loss of $12.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: $31.5 million net gain). Included in the loss were $9.4 million of losses on investments and instruments held for our deferred compensation plans and $5.0 million of investment losses, partially offset by $1.7 million of net gains related to the mark-to-market on seed money investments.

Other gains and losses, net was a gain of $65.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $15.0 million net loss). Included in the gain were $35.3 million of gains on investments and instruments held for our deferred compensation plans, $25.8 million of net gains related to the mark-to-market on seed money investments and $8.1 million of gains on acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities, partially offset by $5.3 million of investment losses.

Other income/(expense) of CIP

Other income/(expense) of CIP includes interest and dividend income, interest expense and other gains/(losses) of CIP.

In the three months ended September 30, 2021, interest and dividend income of CIP increased by $2.9 million (3.8%) to $79.2 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $76.3 million). Interest expense of CIP decreased by $0.3 million (0.7%) to $41.5 million (three months ended September 30, 2020: $41.8 million).

In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, interest and dividend income of CIP decreased by $26.8 million (11.1%) to $214.4 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $241.2 million). Interest expense of CIP decreased by $30.4 million (20.1%) to $120.8 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $151.2 million).

Included in other gains/(losses) of CIP, net, are realized and unrealized gains and losses on the underlying investments and debt of CIP. In the three months ended September 30, 2021, other gains and losses of CIP were net gains of $162.5 million as compared to net gains of $64.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, other gains and losses of CIP were net gains of $323.3 million as compared to net losses of $61.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The net gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were attributable to market-driven gains on investments held by consolidated funds.

Net impact of CIP and related noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities

The net impact to net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. in each period primarily represents the changes in the value of the company’s holding in its consolidated CLOs. The consolidation of investment products during the three months ended September 30, 2021 resulted in no net change in net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (three months ended September 30, 2020: $9.6 million increase). The consolidation of investment products during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 resulted in no net change in net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $9.4 million increase). CIP are taxed at the investor level and not at the product level; therefore, there is no tax provision reflected in the net impact of CIP.

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities represent the profit or loss amounts attributed to third-party investors in CIP. The impact of any gains or losses resulting from valuation changes in the investments of non-CLO CIP attributable to the interests of third-parties are offset by resulting changes in gains and losses attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities and therefore do not have a material effect on the financial condition, operating results (including earnings per common share), liquidity or capital resources of the company’s common shareholders. Similarly, any gains or losses resulting from valuation changes in the investments of CLOs attributable to the interests of third-parties are offset by the calculated value of the notes issued by the CLOs (offsetting in other gains/(losses) of CIP) and therefore also do not have a material effect on the financial condition, operating results (including earnings per common share), liquidity or capital resources of the company’s common shareholders.

Additionally, CIP represent less than 1% of the company’s AUM. Therefore, the net gains or losses of CIP are not indicative of the performance of the company’s aggregate AUM.
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Income Tax Expense

The company's subsidiaries operate in several taxing jurisdictions around the world, each with its own statutory income tax rate. As a result, the blended average statutory tax rate will vary from year to year depending on the mix of the profits and losses from each jurisdiction.

Our effective tax rate decreased to 20.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021 (three months ended September 30, 2020: 23.8%). The decrease in the effective tax rate in the third quarter is primarily due to the favorable impact that the higher income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated investment products has on the effective tax rate, which was partially offset by an increase in the reserve for uncertain tax positions and tax expense related to the remeasurement of deferred assets and liabilities due to an increase in the US state effective tax rate.

Our effective tax rate decreased to 22.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: 28.8%). The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a change in the mix of income and loss across taxing jurisdictions and the higher income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated investments products. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in the reserve for uncertain tax positions and tax expense related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the UK corporate tax rate increase and the increase in the US state effective tax rate.
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Schedule of Non-GAAP Information

We utilize the following non-GAAP performance measures: net revenue (and by calculation, net revenue yield on AUM), adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. and adjusted diluted earnings per common share (EPS). The company believes the adjusted measures provide valuable insight into the company’s ongoing operational performance and assist in comparisons to its competitors. These measures also assist the company’s management with the establishment of operational budgets and forecasts and assist the Board of Directors and management of the company in determining incentive compensation decisions. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures are operating revenues (and by calculation, gross revenue yield on AUM), operating income, operating margin, net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. and diluted EPS. Each of these measures is discussed more fully below.

The following are reconciliations of operating revenues, operating income (and by calculation, operating margin) and net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (and by calculation, diluted EPS) on a U.S. GAAP basis to a non-GAAP basis of net revenues, adjusted operating income (and by calculation, adjusted operating margin) and adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (and by calculation, adjusted diluted EPS). These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as substitutes for any U.S. GAAP measures and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. Additional reconciling items may be added in the future to these non-GAAP measures if deemed appropriate. The tax effects related to the reconciling items have been calculated based on the tax rate attributable to the jurisdiction to which the transaction relates. Notes to the reconciliations follow the tables.

Reconciliation of Operating revenues to Net revenues:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Operating revenues, U.S. GAAP basis1,750.0 1,497.6 5,131.1 4,515.5 
Invesco Great Wall (1)
118.7 65.3 333.6 167.2 
Revenue Adjustments (2)
Investment management fees(216.3)(192.6)(632.3)(573.1)
Service and distribution fees(278.0)(245.0)(809.2)(730.1)
Other(52.1)(43.2)(167.3)(136.7)
Total Revenue Adjustments(546.4)(480.8)(1,608.8)(1,439.9)
CIP (3)
11.2 10.4 31.5 29.8 
Net revenues1,333.5 1,092.5 3,887.4 3,272.6 

Reconciliation of Operating income to Adjusted operating income:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Operating income, U.S. GAAP basis463.8 268.5 1,279.0 702.6 
Invesco Great Wall (1)
70.4 37.7 198.9 95.4 
CIP (3)
20.7 14.8 56.9 52.7 
Transaction, integration and restructuring (4)
(12.0)55.3 (13.3)171.4 
Amortization of intangible assets (5)
15.6 15.7 47.5 46.8 
Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in deferred compensation plans (6)
3.1 14.7 36.1 4.9 
Other reconciling items (7)
— — — 105.3 
Adjusted operating income561.6 406.7 1,605.1 1,179.1 
Operating margin*26.5 %17.9 %24.9 %15.6 %
Adjusted operating margin**42.1 %37.2 %41.3 %36.0 %
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Reconciliation of Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. to Adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions, except per common share data2021202020212020
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd., U.S. GAAP basis330.1 191.7 966.2 313.7 
CIP (3)
— (9.6)— (9.4)
Transaction, integration and restructuring, net of tax (4)
(8.7)43.4 (8.4)132.4 
Amortization of intangible assets, net of tax (5)
21.3 21.8 64.9 64.9 
Deferred compensation plan market valuation changes and dividend income less compensation expense, net of tax (6)
9.4 (7.1)(0.1)(7.1)
Other reconciling items, net of tax (7)
6.5 3.8 17.3 64.5 
Adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.358.6 244.0 1,039.9 559.0 
Average common shares outstanding - diluted466.0 463.5 465.6 462.0 
Diluted EPS$0.71 $0.41 $2.08 $0.68 
Adjusted diluted EPS***$0.77 $0.53 $2.23 $1.21 
____________
*        Operating margin is equal to operating income divided by operating revenues.
**        Adjusted operating margin is equal to adjusted operating income divided by net revenues.
***    Adjusted diluted EPS is equal to adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. divided by the weighted average number of common and restricted common shares outstanding. There is no difference between the calculated EPS amounts presented above and the calculated EPS amounts under the two class method.
(1)    Invesco Great Wall
Management reflects 100% of Invesco Great Wall in its net revenues and adjusted operating expenses. The company’s non-GAAP operating results reflect the economics of these holdings on a basis consistent with the underlying AUM and flows. Adjusted net income is reduced by the amount of earnings attributable to non-controlling interests.
(2)    Revenue Adjustments
Management believes that adjustments to investment management fees, service and distribution fees and other revenues from operating revenues appropriately reflect these revenues as being passed through to external parties who perform functions on behalf of, and distribute, the company’s managed funds. Further, these adjustments vary by geography due to the differences in distribution channels. The net revenue presentation assists in identifying the revenue contribution generated by the business, removing distortions caused by the differing distribution channel fees and allowing for a fair comparison with U.S. peer investment managers and within Invesco’s own investment units. Additionally, management evaluates net revenue yield on AUM, which is equal to net revenues divided by average AUM during the reporting period. This financial measure is an indicator of the basis point net revenues we receive for each dollar of AUM we manage and is useful when evaluating the company’s performance relative to industry competitors and within the company for capital allocation purposes.

Investment management fees are adjusted by renewal commissions and certain administrative fees. Service and distribution fees are primarily adjusted by distribution fees passed through to broker dealers for certain share classes and pass through fund-related costs. Other is primarily adjusted by transaction fees passed through to third parties. While the terms used for these types of adjustments vary by geography, they are all costs that are driven by the value of AUM and the revenue earned by Invesco from AUM. Since the company has been deemed to be the principal in the third-party arrangements, the company must reflect these revenues and expenses gross under U.S. GAAP on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
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(3)    CIP
See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products", for a detailed analysis of the impact to the company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from the consolidation of CIP. The reconciling items add back the management and performance fees earned by Invesco from the consolidated products and remove the revenues and expenses recorded by the consolidated products that have been included in the U.S. GAAP Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

Management believes that the consolidation of investment products may impact a reader’s analysis of our underlying results of operations and could result in investor confusion or the production of information about the company by analysts or external credit rating agencies that is not reflective of the underlying results of operations and financial condition of the company. Accordingly, management believes that it is appropriate to adjust operating revenues, operating income and net income for the impact of CIP in calculating the respective net revenues, adjusted operating income and adjusted net income.
(4)    Transaction, integration and restructuring related adjustments
Management believes it is useful to investors and other users of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to adjust for the transaction, integration and restructuring charges in arriving at adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin and adjusted diluted EPS, as this will aid comparability of our results period to period, and aid comparability with peer companies that may not have similar acquisition and restructuring related charges. See “Results of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 -- Transaction, Integration and Restructuring” for additional details.
(5)    Amortization of intangible assets
In prior periods, amortization of intangible assets was included in the transaction, integration and restructuring line item. Beginning in 2021, amortization of intangible assets is presented as its own line item. There is no impact on operating expenses, operating income or net income.

While finite-lived intangible assets are amortized under U.S. GAAP, there is no amortization charge on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. In certain qualifying situations, amortization can be recognized for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for tax purposes, generally over a 15-year period, as is the case in the U.S. The tax benefit realized on the amortization is recognized as a deferred tax liability that is not reflected in the company’s earnings absent an impairment charge or the disposal of the related business, which is not anticipated in the foreseeable future.

Management believes it is useful to investors and other users of our financial statements to adjust for amortization related to acquired assets and tax benefits resulting from tax amortization of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in arriving at adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin and adjusted diluted EPS, as this will aid comparability of our results period to period, and aid comparability with peer companies that may not have similar acquisition-related charges.
(6)    Market movement on deferred compensation plan liabilities
Certain deferred compensation plan awards involve a return to the employee linked to the appreciation (depreciation) of specified investments, typically the funds managed by the employee. Invesco hedges economically the exposure to market movements.

Since these plans are hedged economically, management believes it is useful to reflect the offset ultimately achieved from hedging the investment market exposure in the calculation of adjusted operating income (and by calculation, adjusted operating margin) and adjusted net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. (and by calculation, adjusted diluted EPS), to produce results that will be more comparable period to period.
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See below for a reconciliation of deferred compensation related items:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Market movement on deferred compensation plan liabilities:
Compensation expense related to market valuation changes in deferred compensation liability
3.1 14.7 36.1 4.9 
Adjustments to operating income3.1 14.7 36.1 4.9 
Market valuation changes and dividend income from investments and instruments held related to deferred compensation plans in other income/(expense)
9.1 (23.9)(36.2)(14.0)
Taxation:
Taxation on deferred compensation plan market valuation changes and dividend income less compensation expense
(2.8)2.1 — 2.0 
Adjustments to net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.
9.4 (7.1)(0.1)(7.1)
(7)    Other reconciling items
Each of these other reconciling items has been adjusted from U.S. GAAP to arrive at the company’s non-GAAP financial measures for the reasons either outlined in the paragraphs above, due to the unique character and magnitude of the reconciling item, or because the item represents a continuation of a reconciling item adjusted from U.S. GAAP in a prior period.
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
$ in millions2021202020212020
Other non-GAAP adjustments:
Fund rebalancing correction (a)
— — — 105.3 
Adjustments to operating income— — — 105.3 
Foreign exchange hedge— — — (1.2)
Change in contingent consideration estimates— 0.4 (8.1)(12.0)
Taxation:
Taxation on fund rebalancing correction (a)
— — — (25.3)
State tax uncertain tax position (b)
— — — (9.0)
Impact of tax rate changes (c)
6.5 3.6 23.5 3.6 
Taxation on foreign exchange hedge amortization — — — 0.3 
Taxation on change in consideration estimates— (0.2)1.9 2.8 
Adjustments to net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.6.5 3.8 17.3 64.5 
(a)The company recorded a charge of $105.3 million in the second quarter of 2020 due to a previously disclosed S&P 500 equal weight funds rebalancing correction. Due to the unique character and magnitude of this item, it has been adjusted from U.S. GAAP to arrive at the company's non-GAAP financial measures.
(b)The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 includes a tax benefit of $9.0 million resulting from the reversal of an uncertain tax position due to the expiration of statute of limitations. This benefit has been removed from the company’s non-GAAP results to be consistent with the exclusion of the original provision in a prior period.
(c)The three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 included a non-cash income tax expense of $6.5 million related to the remeasurement of certain intangible deferred tax liabilities due to tax rate changes. Also included in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, is a non-cash income tax expense of $17.0 million arising from the remeasurement of the UK deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the enactment of an increase in the UK corporate tax rate from 19% to 25% effective in 2023 (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $3.6 million).
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Balance Sheet Discussion (1)
The following table represents a reconciliation of the balance sheet information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis to the balance sheet information excluding the impact of CIP and policyholder balances for the reasons outlined in footnote 1 to the table:
As of September 30, 2021As of December 31, 2020
Balance sheet information
$ in millions		U.S. GAAPImpact of CIPImpact of PolicyholdersAs AdjustedU.S. GAAPImpact of CIPImpact of PolicyholdersAs Adjusted
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents1,773.2 — — 1,773.2 1,408.4 — — 1,408.4 
Unsettled fund receivables237.6 — — 237.6 109.4 — — 109.4 
Investments906.4 (445.4)— 1,351.8 826.8 (421.4)— 1,248.2 
Assets of CIP:
Investments and other assets of CIP9,197.9 9,197.9 — — 8,085.5 8,085.5 — — 
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP536.3 536.3 — — 301.7 301.7 — — 
Assets held for policyholders2,232.2 — 2,232.2 — 7,582.1 — 7,582.1 — 
Goodwill and intangible assets, net16,124.8 — — 16,124.8 16,221.9 — — 16,221.9 
Other assets (2)
1,805.5 (5.7)— 1,811.2 1,968.3 (5.1)— 1,973.4 
Total assets32,813.9 9,283.1 2,232.2 21,298.6 36,504.1 7,960.7 7,582.1 20,961.3 
LIABILITIES
Liabilities of CIP:
Debt of CIP7,224.5 7,224.5 — — 6,714.1 6,714.1 — — 
Other liabilities of CIP864.9 864.9 — — 588.6 588.6 — — 
Policyholder payables2,232.2 — 2,232.2 — 7,582.1 — 7,582.1 — 
Unsettled fund payables237.2 — — 237.2 98.4 — — 98.4 
Long-term debt2,084.5 — — 2,084.5 2,082.6 — — 2,082.6 
Other liabilities (3)
3,896.0 0.1 — 3,895.9 4,417.6 — — 4,417.6 
Total liabilities16,539.3 8,089.5 2,232.2 6,217.6 21,483.4 7,302.7 7,582.1 6,598.6 
EQUITY
Total equity attributable to Invesco Ltd.15,080.1 (0.1)— 15,080.2 14,361.8 (0.1)— 14,361.9 
Noncontrolling interests (4)
1,194.5 1,193.7 — 0.8 658.9 658.1 — 0.8 
Total equity16,274.6 1,193.6 — 15,081.0 15,020.7 658.0 — 14,362.7 
Total liabilities and equity32,813.9 9,283.1 2,232.2 21,298.6 36,504.1 7,960.7 7,582.1 20,961.3 
____________
(1)    These tables include non-GAAP presentations. Assets of CIP are not available for use by Invesco. Additionally, there is no recourse to Invesco for CIP debt. Policyholder assets and liabilities are equal and offsetting and have no impact on Invesco’s shareholder’s equity. 
(2)    Amounts include restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid assets, property, equipment and software, right-of-use assets and other assets.
(3)    Amounts include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, lease liability and deferred tax liabilities.
(4)    Amounts include redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities and equity attributable to nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated entities.
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $364.8 million from $1,408.4 million at December 31, 2020 to $1,773.2 million at September 30, 2021. See “Cash Flows Discussion” in the following section within this Management’s Discussion and Analysis for additional discussion regarding the movements in cash flows during the period.

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Investments

As of September 30, 2021, we had $906.4 million in total investments (December 31, 2020: $826.8 million). Included in investments are $102.8 million of seed money investments in affiliated funds used to seed funds as we launch new products, and $218.3 million of investments related to assets held for deferred compensation plans, which are also held primarily in affiliated funds. Seed investments decreased by a net $50.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in the period was related to redemptions of $202.1 million, partially offset by purchases of $108.5 million, $25.9 million of market valuation changes and foreign exchange movements and a non-cash increase of $17.0 million due to the deconsolidation of certain CIP in the period (restoring the company’s formerly eliminated investment balances). Investments related to deferred compensation awards increased by a net $15.6 million during the period. Of the net $15.6 million increase, $15.4 million related to market valuation changes and foreign exchange movements.

Included in investments are $545.1 million in equity method investments in Invesco Great Wall and in certain of the company’s private equity partnerships, real estate partnerships and other co-investments (December 31, 2020: $426.1 million). The increase of $119.0 million in equity method investments was driven by $119.3 million in current period earnings and an increase from partnership contributions of $62.0 million. This increase was partially offset by $38.8 million related to a dividend from Invesco Great Wall, $13.5 million related to capital distributions from partnership investments, $5.2 million related to distributions from partnership investments and $4.8 million in investment losses, partially offset by foreign exchange movements. Also included in investments are foreign time deposits of $29.1 million.

Assets held for policyholders and policyholder payables

One of our subsidiaries, Invesco Pensions Limited, is an insurance company that was established to facilitate retirement savings plans in the UK. The entity holds assets that are managed for its clients on its balance sheet with an equal and offsetting liability. The decrease in the balance of these accounts from $7,582.1 million at December 31, 2020 to $2,232.2 million at September 30, 2021 was the result of net business outflows of $5,404.4 million and negative foreign exchange rate movements of $55.5 million, offset by $110.0 million of positive market movements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our capital structure, together with available cash balances, cash flows generated from operations, existing capacity under our credit facility and further capital market activities, if necessary, should provide us with sufficient resources to meet present and future cash needs, including operating, debt and other obligations as they come due and anticipated future capital requirements.

Capital Management

Our capital management priorities have evolved with the growth and success of our business and include:

• Reinvestment in the business;
• Maintain a strong balance sheet;
• Moderate growth of dividends (as further discussed in the "Dividends" section below); and
• Share repurchases.

As of September 30, 2021, the balance on the $1.5 billion capacity credit facility was zero.

The company did not repurchase any of its shares in the open market during the three months ended September 30, 2021. During the third quarter, an aggregate of 0.4 million common shares were withheld in the amount of $10.5 million related to tax withholding requirements on employee share vestings.

Our capital management process is executed in a manner consistent with our desire to maintain strong, investment grade credit ratings. As of the date of our filing, Invesco held credit ratings of BBB+/Stable, A3/Stable and A-/Stable from Standard & Poor’s Ratings Service (“S&P”), Moody’s Investor Services (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”), respectively. Our ability to continue to access the capital markets in a timely manner depends on several factors, including our credit ratings, the condition of the global economy including the impact of COVID-19, investors’ willingness to purchase our securities, interest rates, credit spreads and the valuation levels of equity markets. If we are unable to access capital markets in a timely manner, our business could be adversely impacted.

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Other items

Certain of our subsidiaries are required to maintain minimum levels of capital. Such requirements may change from time-to-time as additional guidance is released based on a variety of factors, including balance sheet composition, assessment of risk exposures and governance, and review from regulators. These and other similar provisions of applicable laws and regulations may have the effect of limiting withdrawals of capital, repayment of intercompany loans and payment of dividends by such entities. Our financial condition or liquidity could be adversely affected if certain of our subsidiaries are unable to distribute funds to us.

All of our regulated EU and UK subsidiaries are subject to consolidated capital requirements under applicable EU and UK requirements, including those arising from the EU's Capital Requirements Directive and the UK's Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP), and we maintain capital within this European sub-group to satisfy these regulations. We meet these requirements in part by holding cash and cash equivalents. This retained cash can be used for general business purposes in the European sub-group in the countries where it is located. Due to the capital restrictions, the ability to transfer cash between certain jurisdictions may be limited. In addition, transfers of cash between international jurisdictions may have adverse tax consequences. We are in compliance with all regulatory minimum net capital requirements. As of September 30, 2021, the company’s minimum regulatory capital requirement was $723.4 million (December 31, 2020: $763.6 million); the decrease was driven by a reduction in net capital requirements in the UK as a result of lower expenses and AUM levels, as well as the weakening of the Pound Sterling against the U.S. Dollar. The total amount of non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents was $1,064.6 million at September 30, 2021 (December 31, 2020: $1,034.8 million).

The consolidation of $9,734.2 million and $7,224.5 million of assets and long-term debt of CIP as of September 30, 2021, respectively, did not impact the company’s liquidity and capital resources. The majority of CIP balances related to consolidated CLOs. The collateral assets of the CLOs are held solely to satisfy the obligations of the CLOs. The company has no right to the benefits from, nor does it bear the risks associated with, the collateral assets held by the CLOs, beyond the company’s direct investments in, and management and performance fees generated from these products, which are eliminated upon consolidation. If the company were to liquidate, the collateral assets would not be available to the general creditors of the company, and as a result, the company does not consider them to be company assets. Likewise, if the CLOs were to liquidate, their investors would have no recourse to the general credit of the company. The company therefore does not consider this debt to be an obligation of the company. See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 12, "Consolidated Investment Products", for additional details.

Cash Flows Discussion

The ability to consistently generate cash flows from operations in excess of dividend payments, common share repurchases, capital expenditures and ongoing operating expenses is one of our company’s fundamental financial strengths. Operations continue to be financed from current earnings and borrowings. Our principal uses of cash, other than for operating expenses, include dividend payments, capital expenditures, acquisitions, purchases of our common shares in the open market and investments in certain new investment products.
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The following table represents a reconciliation of the cash flow information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis to the cash flows information, excluding the impact of the cash flows of Consolidated Investment Products for the reasons outlined in footnote 1 to the table:

Cash flows information (1)
Nine months ended September 30, 2021Nine months ended September 30, 2020
$ in millionsU.S. GAAPImpact of CIPExcluding CIPU.S. GAAPImpact of CIPExcluding CIP
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the period (2)
1,839.3 301.7 1,537.6 1,701.2 652.2 1,049.0 
Cash flows from operating activities (1)
1,081.8 (141.2)1,223.0 662.7 (54.2)716.9 
Cash flows from investing activities(579.4)(510.5)(68.9)(829.0)(756.7)(72.3)
Cash flows from financing activities14.2 904.1 (889.9)(230.3)391.3 (621.6)
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents516.6 252.4 264.2 (396.6)(419.6)23.0 
Foreign exchange movement on cash and cash equivalents(37.7)(9.1)(28.6)6.9 12.3 (5.4)
Net cash inflows (outflows) upon consolidation/deconsolidation of CIP(8.7)(8.7)— 9.1 9.1 — 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period (2)
2,309.5 536.3 1,773.2 1,320.6 254.0 1,066.6 
Cash and cash equivalents1,773.2 — 1,773.2 1,066.6 — 1,066.6 
Cash and cash equivalents of CIP536.3 536.3 — 254.0 254.0 — 
Total cash and cash equivalents per consolidated statement of cash flows (2)
2,309.5 536.3 1,773.2 1,320.6 254.0 1,066.6 
____________
(1)    These tables include non-GAAP presentations. Cash held by CIP is not available for use by Invesco. Additionally, there is no recourse to Invesco for CIP debt. The cash flows of CIP do not form part of the company’s cash flow management processes, nor do they form part of the company’s significant liquidity evaluations and decisions. Policyholder assets and liabilities are equal and offsetting and have no impact on Invesco’s shareholder’s equity. The impact of cash inflows/outflows from policyholder assets and liabilities are reflected within cash flows from operating activities as changes in receivables and/or payables, as applicable.
(2)    Restricted cash of $129.2 million as of December 31, 2020 is recorded in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There was no restricted cash as of September 30, 2021 or 2020.
Operating Activities

Operating cash flows include the receipt of investment management and other fees generated from AUM, offset by operating expenses and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Although some receipts and payments are seasonal, particularly bonus payments which are paid out during the first quarter, in general, after allowing for the change in cash held by CIP, and investment activities, our operating cash flows move in the same direction as our operating income.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash provided by operating activities was $1,081.8 million compared to $662.7 million provided during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As shown in the tables above, the impact of CIP to cash provided by operating activities was $141.2 million of cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $54.2 million of cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Excluding the impact of CIP, cash provided by operations was $1,223.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $716.9 million of cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cash inflows included a $576.4 million increase in operating income, net investment redemptions of $81.5 million, including seed money and deferred compensation investments (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $179.2 million net redemptions) and an Invesco Great Wall dividend of $38.8 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $29.4 million). Operating cash inflows were partially offset by net outflows from changes in payables and receivables due to timing of payments and receipts.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $579.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: net cash used of $829.0 million). As shown in the tables above, the impact of CIP on investing activities, including investment purchases, sales and returns of capital, was $510.5 million of cash used (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $756.7 million net cash used). Excluding the impact of CIP cash flows, net cash used in investing activities was $68.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: net cash used of $72.3 million).

Cash outflows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, excluding the impact of CIP, includes a net inflow of $4.3 million, which is compromised of proceeds of $169.9 million from sales and returns of capital of investments (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $154.3 million proceeds), partially offset by purchases of investments of $165.6 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $151.1 million purchases).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the company had capital expenditures of $73.2 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $73.6 million). Our capital expenditures related principally in each period to technology initiatives, including enhancements to platforms from which we maintain our portfolio management systems and fund accounting systems, improvements in computer hardware and software desktop products for employees, new telecommunications products to enhance our internal information flow and back-up disaster recovery systems. Also, in each period, a portion of these costs related to leasehold improvements made to the various buildings and workspaces used in our offices. These projects have been funded with proceeds from our operating cash flows.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $14.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: net cash used of $230.3 million). As shown in the tables above, the impact of CIP on financing activities provided cash of $904.1 million (nine months ended September 30, 2020: cash provided of $391.3 million). Excluding the impact of CIP, financing activities used net cash of $889.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: net cash used of $621.6 million).

Financing cash outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included the $309.4 million settlement of the forward contracts (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $190.6 million), $104.1 million of net collateral on the forward contracts returned to the counterparty (September 30, 2020: net collateral was in a receivable position and reflected within investing activities), $228.9 million of common dividend payments for the dividends declared in January, April and July (nine months ended September 30, 2020: common dividends paid of $285.9 million), $177.6 million of preferred dividend payments for dividends declared in January, April and July (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $177.6 million), the payment of $58.1 million to meet employees’ withholding tax obligations on common share vestings (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $40.7 million) and a payment of $11.8 million of contingent consideration (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $16.8 million). The credit facility had no net borrowing during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: net borrowing of $90.0 million).

Dividends

When declared, Invesco pays dividends on a quarterly basis in arrears. Holders of our preferred shares are eligible to receive dividends at an annual rate of 5.9% of the liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, or $59 per share per annum. The preferred stock dividend is payable quarterly on a non-cumulative basis when, if and as declared by our board of directors. However, if we have not declared and paid or set aside for payment full quarterly dividends on the preferred stock for a particular dividend period, we may not declare or pay dividends on, or redeem, purchase or acquire, our common stock or other junior securities in the next succeeding dividend period. In addition, if we have not declared and paid or set aside for payment quarterly dividends on the preferred stock for six quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive, the number of directors of the company will be increased by two and the holders of the preferred shares shall have the right to elect such two additional members of the Board of Directors.

On October 26, 2021, the company announced a third quarter 2021 cash dividend of $0.17 per share to holders of common shares, payable on December 2, 2021, to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 12, 2021 with an ex-dividend date of November 10, 2021.

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On October 26, 2021 the company announced a preferred dividend of $14.75 per share to the holders of preferred shares, representing the period from September 1, 2021 through November 30, 2021. The preferred dividend is payable on December 1, 2021 to shareholders of record at close of business on November 15, 2021.

The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be declared by our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, financial condition and capital requirements at the time such declaration and payment are considered. The board has a policy of managing dividends in a prudent fashion, with due consideration given to profit levels, overall debt levels and historical dividend payouts.

Long-term debt

The carrying value of our long-term debt at September 30, 2021 was $2,084.5 million (December 31, 2020: $2,082.6 million) and was comprised of the following:
$ in millionsSeptember 30, 2021December 31, 2020
 $1.5 billion floating rate credit facility expiring April 26, 2026— — 
Unsecured Senior Notes:
$600 million 3.125% - due November 30, 2022599.2 598.7 
$600 million 4.000% - due January 30, 2024597.5 596.8 
$500 million 3.750% - due January 15, 2026497.2 496.7 
$400 million 5.375% - due November 30, 2043390.6 390.4 
Long-term debt2,084.5 2,082.6 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the company’s weighted average cost of debt was 3.95% (nine months ended September 30, 2020: 3.71%).

Financial covenants under the credit agreement include: (i) the quarterly maintenance of an adjusted debt/EBITDA leverage ratio, as defined in the credit agreement, of not greater than 3.25:1.00, (ii) a coverage ratio (EBITDA, as defined in the credit agreement/interest payable for the four consecutive fiscal quarters ended before the date of determination) of not less than 4.00:1.00. As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with our financial covenants. At September 30, 2021, our leverage ratio was 0.86:1.00 (December 31, 2020: 1.37:1.00), and our interest coverage ratio was 23.00:1.00 (December 31, 2020: 11.83:1.00).

The September 30, 2021 coverage ratio calculations are as follows:
$ millionsTotalQ3 2021Q2 2021Q1 2021Q4 2020
Net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.1,177.3 330.1 368.3 267.8 211.1 
Dividends on preferred shares236.8 59.2 59.2 59.2 59.2 
Tax expense469.3 139.7 154.2 106.5 68.9 
Amortization/depreciation208.1 51.0 52.8 51.1 53.2 
Interest expense95.9 23.1 24.6 23.8 24.4 
Common share-based compensation expense156.3 33.2 34.2 38.6 50.3 
Unrealized gains and losses from investments, net (1)
(7.3)41.4 (27.4)(1.3)(20.0)
OppenheimerFunds acquisition-related matter (2)
(131.1)(45.7)(85.4)— — 
EBITDA (3)
2,205.3 632.0 580.5 545.7 447.1 
Adjusted debt (3)
$1,887.1 
Leverage ratio (Adjusted debt/EBITDA - maximum 3.25:1.00)0.86 
Interest coverage (EBITDA/Interest expense - minimum 4.00:1.00)23.00 
____________
(1)    Adjustments for unrealized gains and losses from investments, as defined in our credit facility, may also include non-cash gains and losses on investments to the extent that they do not represent anticipated future cash receipts or expenditures.
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(2)     Unusual or otherwise non-recurring gains and losses, as defined in our credit facility, are adjusted for in the determination of EBITDA. The benefit to expense related to the change in the OppenheimerFunds acquisition related liability is considered unusual and has been deducted in the determination of EBITDA.
(3)    EBITDA and Adjusted debt are non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management in connection with certain debt covenant calculations under our credit agreement. The calculation of EBITDA above (a reconciliation from net income attributable to Invesco Ltd.) is defined by our credit agreement, and therefore net income attributable to Invesco Ltd. is the most appropriate GAAP measure from which to reconcile to EBITDA. The calculation of Adjusted debt is defined in our credit facility and equals long-term debt of $2,084.5 million plus $2.6 million in letters of credit less $200.0 million of excess unrestricted cash (cash and cash equivalents less the minimum regulatory capital requirement, not to exceed $200 million).

Credit and Liquidity Risk

Capital management involves the management of the company’s liquidity and cash flows. The company manages its capital by reviewing annual and projected cash flow forecasts and by monitoring credit, liquidity and market risks, such as interest rate and foreign currency risks (as discussed in Part I, Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk), through measurement and analysis. The company is primarily exposed to credit risk through its cash and cash equivalent deposits, which are held by external firms. The company invests its cash balances in its own institutional money market products, as well as with external high credit-quality financial institutions. These arrangements create exposure to concentrations of credit risk.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to meet an obligation. All cash and cash equivalent balances are subject to credit risk, as they represent deposits made by the company with external banks and other institutions. As of September 30, 2021, our maximum exposure to credit risk related to our cash and cash equivalent balances is $1,773.2 million. See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 2, "Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities", for information regarding cash and cash equivalents invested in affiliated money market funds.

The company does not utilize credit derivatives or similar instruments to mitigate the maximum exposure to credit risk. The company does not expect any counterparties to its financial instruments to fail to meet their obligations.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with its financial liabilities as the same become due. The company is exposed to liquidity risk through its $2,084.5 million in total debt. The company actively manages liquidity risk by preparing cash flow forecasts for future periods, reviewing them regularly with senior management, maintaining a committed credit facility, scheduling significant gaps between major debt maturities and engaging external financing sources in regular dialogue.

Effects of Inflation

Inflation can impact our organization primarily in two ways. First, inflationary pressures can result in increases in our cost structure, especially to the extent that large expense components such as compensation are impacted. To the degree that these expense increases are not recoverable or cannot be counterbalanced through pricing increases due to the competitive environment, our profitability could be negatively impacted. Secondly, the value of the assets that we manage may be negatively impacted when inflationary expectations result in a rising interest rate environment. Declines in the values of these AUM could lead to reduced revenues as management fees are generally calculated based upon the size of AUM.

Common Share Repurchase Plan

The company did not purchase shares in the open market during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. An aggregate of 0.4 million and 2.6 million common shares were withheld on vesting events during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 to meet employees’ withholding tax obligations (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: 0.6 million and 3.0 million shares). The fair value of these common shares withheld at the respective withholding dates was $10.5 million and $58.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 (three and nine months ended September 30, 2020: $5.8 million and $40.7 million). At September 30, 2021, approximately $732.2 million remains available under the share repurchase authorizations approved by the Board on July 22, 2016.

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Off Balance Sheet Commitments

See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Contingencies”, for more information regarding undrawn capital commitments.

Contractual Obligations

We have future obligations under various contracts relating to debt and interest payments, financing and operating leases, long-term defined benefit pension, and acquisition contracts. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no material changes to the company’s contractual obligations.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no significant changes to the critical accounting policies disclosed in our most recent Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Critical accounting policies are those that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and would therefore be deemed the most critical to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition.

Recent Accounting Standards

See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 1, "Accounting Policies - Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted.”
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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of its business, the company is primarily exposed to market risk in the form of AUM market price risk, securities market risk, interest rate risk and foreign exchange rate risk. There have not been any material changes to the company’s exposures to market risks during the period ended September 30, 2021 that would require an update to the disclosures provided in the most recent Form 10-K.

AUM Market Price Risk

The company’s investment management revenues are comprised of fees based on the value of AUM. Declines in the market prices of equity and fixed income securities, commodities and derivatives, or other similar financial instruments held in client portfolios could cause revenues to decline because of lower investment management fees by:

•Causing the value of AUM to decrease.
•Causing the returns realized on AUM to decrease (impacting performance fees).
•Causing clients to withdraw funds in favor of investments in markets that they perceive to offer greater opportunity and that the company does not serve.
•Causing clients to rebalance assets away from investments that the company manages into investments that the company does not manage.
•Causing clients to reallocate assets away from products that earn higher revenues into products that earn lower revenues.

Underperformance of client accounts relative to competing products could exacerbate these factors.

Securities Market Risk

The company has investments in managed investment products that invest in a variety of asset classes. Investments are generally made to establish a track record for a new fund or investment vehicle or to hedge economically exposure to certain deferred compensation plans. The company’s exposure to market risk from financial instruments measured at fair value arises from its investments.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk relates to the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The company is exposed to interest rate risk primarily through its external debt and cash and cash equivalent investments. See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 4, "Long-Term Debt" for details of the company’s long-term debt arrangements. As of September 30, 2021, the interest rates on 100.0% of the company’s borrowings were fixed for a weighted average period of 6.2 years, and the company had a zero balance on its floating rate credit facility.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

The company has certain investments in foreign operations, whose net assets and results of operations are exposed to foreign currency translation risk when translated into U.S. Dollars upon consolidation into Invesco Ltd.

The company is exposed to foreign exchange revaluation into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income on monetary assets and liabilities that are held by subsidiaries in different functional currencies than the subsidiaries’ functional currencies. Net foreign exchange revaluation losses were $3.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (nine months ended September 30, 2020: $3.3 million losses), and are included in general and administrative expenses and other gains and losses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. We continue to monitor our exposure to foreign exchange revaluation.
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Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information the company is required to disclose in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We have evaluated, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2021. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

We have evaluated any change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and have concluded that there was no change that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.  Legal Proceedings

See Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements - Note 11, “Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Contingencies”, for information regarding legal proceedings.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors

The company has had no significant changes in its risk factors from those previously disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table sets forth information regarding purchases of our common shares by us and any affiliated purchases during the three months ended September 30, 2021:
Month
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)
Maximum Number at end of period (or Approximate
Dollar Value) of Shares
that May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (2) (millions)
July 1-31, 2021361,545 $25.79 — $732.2 
August 1-31, 202162,899 $25.50 — $732.2 
September 1-30, 202120,346 $25.53 — $732.2 
Total444,790 — 
(1)    An aggregate of 444,790 shares were surrendered to us by Invesco employees to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of equity awards.
(2)    At September 30, 2021, a balance of $732.2 million remains available under the share repurchase authorization approved by the Board on July 22, 2016.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit Index
3.1
3.2
3.3
22
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


INVESCO LTD.
October 29, 2021/s/ MARTIN L. FLANAGAN
Martin L. Flanagan
President and Chief Executive Officer
October 29, 2021/s/ L. ALLISON DUKES
L. Allison Dukes
Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer

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