Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. U.S. GAAP requires that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. U.S. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels. Based on the underlying inputs, each fair value measurement in its entirety is reported in one of the three levels. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:


Level I.	Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.


Level II.	Pricing inputs are other than the quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities includes items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently and items that are fair-valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.


Level III.	Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

Measured on a recurring basis

The following describes the valuation techniques and inputs used by the Company in determining the fair value of certain assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements.

Securities Available for Sale

The Company primarily values its investment portfolio using Level II fair value measurements, but may also use Level I or Level III measurements if required by the composition of the portfolio. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level II). In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified as Level III of the valuation hierarchy.

Interest Rate Swaps and Interest Rate Cap

Interest rate swaps and caps are recorded at fair value based on third party vendors who compile prices from various sources and may determine fair value of identical or similar instruments by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level II).

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.



(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2016
Description	Total		Level I		Level II		Level III
Assets:
U.S. government agencies	$	70,299	$	—	$	70,299	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	68,098		—		68,098		—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	133,888		—		133,888		—
Non-agency	11,222		—		11,222		—
Other asset backed securities	53,272		—		53,272		—
Corporate securities	15,839		—		15,839		—
Interest rate swaps	287		—		287		—
Interest rate cap	3		—		3		—
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	733		—		733		—



(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2015
Description	Total		Level I		Level II		Level III
Assets:
U.S. government agencies	$	78,940	$	—	$	78,940	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	75,593		—		75,593		—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	131,661		—		131,661		—
Non-agency	12,777		—		12,777		—
Other asset backed securities	58,781		—		58,781		—
Corporate securities	16,819		—		16,819
Interest rate swaps	73		—		73		—
Interest rate cap	39		—		39		—
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	370		—		370		—

Measured on nonrecurring basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure and recognize certain other assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following describes the valuation techniques and inputs used by the Company in determining the fair value of certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are carried at lower of cost or market value. These loans currently consist of 1-4 family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level II). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded as a component of non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Impaired Loans

Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected when due. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on either the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. Any given loan may have multiple types of collateral. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company using observable market data (Level II). However, if the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level III. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business' financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level III). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the consolidated statements of income.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) is measured at fair value less estimated costs to sell, based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser outside of the Company. If the collateral value is significantly adjusted due to differences in the comparable properties, or is discounted by the Company because of marketability, then the fair value is considered Level III. The initial fair value of OREO is based on an appraisal performed at the time of foreclosure. Subsequent fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and included in other real estate owned, net, on the consolidated statements of income.

For the purpose of OREO valuations, appraisals are discounted 10% for selling costs and it is the policy of the Company to obtain annual appraisals for properties held in accordance with the bank's OREO policy.

Repossessed Assets

The value of repossessed assets is determined by the Company based on marketability and other factors and is considered Level III. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred and are included in other operating expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-financial assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period.



(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2016
	Total		Level I		Level II		Level III
Assets:
Impaired loans	$	7,819	$	—	$	—	$	7,819
Other real estate owned	$	3,387	$	—	$	—	$	3,387
Repossessed assets⁽¹⁾	$	1,043	$	—	$	—	$	1,043

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2015
	Total		Level I		Level II		Level III
Assets:
Impaired loans	$	9,018	$	—	$	—	$	9,018
Other real estate owned	$	3,345	$	—	$	—	$	3,345
Repossessed assets ⁽¹⁾	$	1,043	$	—	$	—	$	1,043


⁽¹⁾	Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents quantitative information as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 about Level III fair value measurements for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:



September 30, 2016	Fair Value (in thousands)		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans	$	4,130	Appraisals	Discount to reflect current market conditions and estimated selling costs	0% - 100% (10%)
Impaired loans	$	3,689	Present value of cash flows	Discount rate	6% - 7% (6%)
Other real estate owned	$	3,387	Appraisals	Discount to reflect current market conditions and estimated selling costs	10%
Repossessed assets	$	1,043	Market analysis	Historical sales activity	50%



December 31, 2015	Fair Value (in thousands)		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans	$	5,434	Appraisals	Discount to reflect current market conditions and estimated selling costs	0% - 100% (17%)
Impaired loans	$	3,584	Present value of cash flows	Discount rate	6% - 8% (7%)
Other real estate owned	$	3,345	Appraisals	Discount to reflect current market conditions and estimated selling costs	10%
Repossessed assets	$	1,043	Market analysis	Historical sales activity	50%

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. U.S. GAAP excludes certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments (not previously described) for which it is practicable to estimate that value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities held to maturity

Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are recorded at amortized cost. Fair values are determined in a manner that is consistent with securities available for sale.

Restricted securities

The restricted security category is comprised of FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock. These stocks are classified as restricted securities because their ownership is restricted to certain types of entities and they lack a market. When the FHLB or Federal Reserve Bank repurchases stock, they repurchase at the stock's book value. Therefore, the carrying amounts of restricted securities approximate fair value.

Loans, Net

For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. For fixed rate loans, the fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current market inputs at which loans with similar terms and qualities would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality. Where quoted market prices were available, primarily for certain residential mortgage loans, such market rates were utilized as estimates for fair value. Fair value for impaired loans is described above.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The carrying amount of bank owned life insurance is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable

The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximate fair values.

Deposits

The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. For all other deposits, the fair value is determined using the discounted cash flow method. The discount rate is equal to the rate currently offered on similar products.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The carrying amounts approximate fair values.

FHLB Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

For variable rate long-term debt, fair values are based on carrying values. For fixed rate debt, fair values are estimated based on observable market prices and discounted cash flow analysis using interest rates for borrowings of similar remaining maturities and characteristics. The fair values of the Company's Subordinated Notes are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of standby letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the fair values of loan commitments and standby letters of credit were deemed immaterial; therefore, they have not been included in the tables below.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company's financial instruments are as follows:



(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2016
					Fair value measurements using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level I		Level II		Level III
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	55,791	$	55,791	$	55,791	$	—	$	—
Securities held to maturity	10,727		10,957		—		10,957		—
Securities available for sale	352,618		352,618		—		352,618		—
Loans held for sale, net	669		669		—		669		—
Loans, net	834,690		843,307		—		—		843,307
Bank owned life insurance	23,761		23,761		—		23,761		—
Accrued interest receivable	5,030		5,030		—		5,030		—
Interest rate swaps	287		287		—		287		—
Interest rate cap	3		3		—		3		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,091,505	$	1,090,406	$	—	$	1,090,406	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	31,540		31,540		—		31,540		—
FHLB borrowings	63,500		63,655		—		63,655		—
Subordinated notes	5,155		5,168		—		5,168		—
Accrued interest payable	407		407		—		407		—
Interest rate swaps	733		733		—		733		—



(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2015
					Fair value measurements using:
	Carrying Amount		Total Fair Value		Level I		Level II		Level III
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	39,228	$	39,228	$	39,228	$	—	$	—
Securities held to maturity	4,207		4,163		—		4,163		—
Securities available for sale	374,571		374,571		—		374,571		—
Loans, net	794,635		802,535		—		—		802,535
Bank-owned life insurance	23,273		23,273		—		23,273		—
Accrued interest receivable	5,204		5,204		—		5,204		—
Interest rate swaps	73		73		—		73		—
Interest rate cap	39		39		—		39		—
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	1,040,800	$	1,040,016	$	—	$	1,040,016	$	—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	26,869		26,869		—		26,869		—
FHLB borrowings	85,000		85,033		—		85,033		—
Subordinated debt	5,155		5,157		—		5,157		—
Accrued interest payable	410		410		—		410		—
Interest rate swaps	370		370		—		370		—

The Company assumes interest rate risk as a result of its normal operations. The fair values of the Company's financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change, which may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company's overall interest rate risk.