Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The income tax provision for interim periods comprises income tax on ordinary income (loss) at the most recent estimated annual effective income tax rate, adjusted for the income tax effect of discrete items. Management uses an estimated annual effective income tax rate based on the forecasted pretax income/(loss) and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company’s effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory income tax rate primarily due to state and local taxes, global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”), and differing statutory tax rates applied to the income of non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company records the tax effect of certain discrete items, including the effects of changes in tax laws, tax rates and adjustments with respect to valuation allowances or other unusual or nonrecurring tax adjustments, in the interim period in which they occur, as an addition to, or reduction from, the income tax provision, rather than being included in the estimated effective annual income tax rate. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no income tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective income tax rate.

Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. The Company is required to assess its deferred tax assets and the need for a valuation allowance at each reporting period. This

assessment requires judgment on the part of management with respect to benefits that may be realized. The Company will record a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when it is considered more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Current and Prior Period Tax Expense

Income tax expense of $26.6 million and $19.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, reflects estimated federal, foreign, state and local income taxes.

The Company’s effective tax rate was 28% and 20% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate was higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 due to U.S. state and local taxes, GILTI, U.S. and foreign permanent differences, and the amount of foreign earnings taxed at higher rates. The three months ended December 31, 2022 included the Gain on acquisition, which was non-taxable, and lowered the tax rate in comparison to the three months ended December 31, 2023.