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Revenue from Contracts with Clients
 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contracts with Clients Revenue from Contracts with Clients
The Company accounts for revenue earned from contracts with clients for services such as the execution, clearing, brokering, and custody of futures and options on futures contracts, OTC derivatives, and securities, investment management, and underwriting services in accordance with FASB ASC 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Revenues for these services are recognized when the performance obligations related to the underlying transaction are completed.
Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to clients, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenues are analyzed to determine whether the Company is the principal (i.e. reports revenue on a gross basis) or agent (i.e., reports revenues on a net basis) in the contract. Principal or agent designations depend primarily on the control an entity has over the good or service before control is transferred to a client. The indicators of which party exercises control include primary responsibility over performance obligations, inventory risk before the good or service is transferred, and discretion in establishing the price.
Topic 606 does not apply to revenues associated with dealing, or market-making, activities in financial instruments or contracts in the capacity of a principal, including derivative sales contracts which result in physical settlement and interest income.
Revenues within the scope of Topic 606 are presented within Commission and clearing fees and Consulting, management, and account fees on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements. Revenues that are not within the scope of Topic 606 are presented within Sales of physical commodities, Principal gains, net, and Interest income on the Condensed Consolidated Income Statements.
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Revenues from contracts with clients as a percentage of total revenues5.7 %5.9 %6.4 %6.2 %
The following table represents a disaggregation of the Company’s total revenues separated between revenues from contracts with clients and other sources of revenue for the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Revenues from contracts with clients:
Commission and clearing fees:
Sales-based:
Exchange-traded futures and options$55.3 $57.7 $104.0 $102.3 
OTC derivative brokerage 4.5 4.9 8.1 9.3 
Equities and fixed income 15.6 17.1 31.0 31.7 
Mutual funds 0.9 1.2 1.5 2.4 
Insurance and annuity products 2.7 2.4 4.5 5.2 
Other 1.1 0.9 2.2 1.7 
Total sales-based commission80.1 84.2 151.3 152.6 
Trailing:
Mutual funds3.1 3.6 6.1 7.5 
Insurance and annuity products3.5 4.2 7.0 8.6 
Total trailing commission6.6 7.8 13.1 16.1 
Clearing fees40.0 40.6 76.0 77.0 
Trade conversion fees2.0 4.0 4.4 6.0 
Other 2.0 1.8 3.9 3.0 
Total commission and clearing fees130.7 138.4 248.7 254.7 
Consulting, management, and account fees:
Underwriting fees0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 
Asset management fees 11.1 11.4 21.8 22.0 
Advisory and consulting fees9.0 7.5 17.7 15.0 
Sweep program fees 12.9 0.5 24.3 1.0
Client account fees 3.7 4.3 7.5 8.0 
Other 3.9 1.6 8.9 3.2 
Total consulting, management, and account fees40.7 25.4 80.5 49.5 
Sales of physical commodities:
Precious metals sales746.4 807.0 1,535.0 1,587.3 
Total revenues from contracts with clients$917.8 $970.8 $1,864.2 $1,891.5 
Method of revenue recognition:
Point-in-time$878.2 $943.6 $1,787.3 $1,837.4 
Time elapsed39.6 27.2 76.9 54.1 
Total revenues from contracts with clients917.8 970.8 1,864.2 1,891.5 
Other sources of revenues
Physical precious metals trading 13,703.1 14,211.3 24,182.1 26,526.6 
Physical agricultural and energy product trading1,056.7 845.9 2,192.5 1,669.2 
Principal gains, net256.6 323.5 510.8 574.6 
Interest income 226.8 31.2 423.0 62.2 
Total revenues $16,161.0 $16,382.7 $29,172.6 $30,724.1 
Total revenues by primary geographic region:
United States $1,471.1 $1,204.6 $3,034.7 $2,329.3 
Europe912.0 933.6 1,827.0 1,818.2 
South America 56.5 23.6 118.7 41.3 
Middle East and Asia13,720.0 14,218.5 24,186.3 26,530.7 
Other 1.4 2.4 5.9 4.6 
Total revenues $16,161.0 $16,382.7 $29,172.6 $30,724.1 
Operating revenues by primary geographic region:
United States$538.5 $364.5 $1,028.4 $668.6 
Europe105.5 131.3 207.0 239.0 
South America32.0 23.6 63.5 41.3 
Middle East and Asia27.1 23.0 54.5 41.8 
Other1.3 2.3 5.8 4.5 
Total operating revenues$704.4 $544.7 $1,359.2 $995.2 
The substantial majority of the Company’s performance obligations for revenues from contracts with clients are satisfied at a point in time and are typically collected from clients by debiting their accounts with the Company.
Commission and clearing fee revenue and consulting, management, and account fees revenue are primarily related to the Commercial, Institutional and Retail reportable segments. Principal gains, net are contributed by all of the Company’s reportable segments. Interest income is primarily related to the Commercial and Institutional reportable segments. Precious metals trading and agricultural and energy product trading revenues are primarily related to the Commercial reportable segment. Precious metals sales that are recognized on a point-in-time basis are included in the Retail and the Commercial reportable segments
Principal gains, net also includes dividend income on long equity positions and dividend expense on short equity positions, which are recognized on the ex-dividend date. The following table indicates the relevant income and expense:
Three Months Ended March 31,Six Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)2023202220232022
Dividend income on long equity positions$3.2 $26.3 $17.4 $87.5 
Dividend expense on short equity positions4.1 25.5 17.3 77.9 
Dividend (loss)/income, net reported within Principal Gains, net$(0.9)$0.8 $0.1 $9.6 
Remaining Performance Obligations
Remaining performance obligations are services that the Company has committed to perform in the future in connection with its contracts with clients. The Company’s remaining performance obligations are generally related to its risk management consulting and asset management contracts with clients. Revenues associated with remaining performance obligations related to these contracts with clients are not material to the overall consolidated results of the Company. For the Company’s asset management activities, where fees are calculated based on a percentage of the fair value of eligible assets in client’s accounts, future revenue associated with remaining performance obligations cannot be determined as such fees are subject to fluctuations in the fair value of eligible assets in clients’ accounts.