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Basis of Presentation and Consolidation and Accounting Standards Adopted
 3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation and Accounting Standards Adopted Basis of Presentation and Consolidation and Accounting Standards Adopted
StoneX Group Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively “StoneX” or “the Company”), is a global financial services network that connects companies, organizations, traders and investors to the global market ecosystem through a unique blend of digital platforms, end-to-end clearing and execution services, high touch service and deep expertise. The Company strives to be the one trusted partner to its clients, providing its network, product and services to allow them to pursue trading opportunities, manage their market risks, make investments and improve their business performance. The Company offers a vertically integrated product suite, beginning with high-touch and electronic access to nearly all major financial markets worldwide, as well as numerous liquidity venues. It delivers this access through the entire lifecycle of a trade, from deep market expertise and on-the-ground intelligence, to best execution and finally post-trade clearing, custody and settlement services. The Company has created a revenue stream that is diversified by asset class, client type and geography, earning commissions and spreads as clients execute transactions across our financial network, monetizing non-trading client activity including interest and fee earnings on client balances as well as earning consulting and fees for our market intelligence and risk management services.
The Company provides these services to a diverse group of more than 32,000 commercial and institutional clients and over 330,000 retail clients located in more than 130 countries, including commercial entities, asset managers, regional, national and introducing broker-dealers, insurance companies, brokers, institutional investors and professional traders, commercial and investment banks and government and non-governmental organizations (“NGOs”).
The Company’s common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “SNEX”.
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020, which has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of September 30, 2020, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated financial statements for the interim periods presented have been reflected as required by Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.
Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 filed with the SEC.
These condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of StoneX Group Inc. and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company’s fiscal year end is September 30, and the fiscal quarters end on December 31, March 31, June 30 and September 30. Unless otherwise stated, all dates refer to fiscal years and fiscal interim periods.
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant of these estimates and assumptions relate to fair value measurement for financial instruments and investments, revenue recognition, the provision for bad debts, valuation of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, incomes taxes, and contingencies. Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could be materially different from these estimates. These estimates and assumptions were considered and made in context with the information reasonably available to the Company and the unknown future impacts of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as of December 31, 2020 and through the date of this Form 10-Q.
In the condensed consolidated income statements, the total revenues reported combine gross revenues for the physical commodities business and net revenues for all other businesses. The subtotal ‘operating revenues’ in the condensed consolidated income statements is calculated by deducting cost of sales of physical commodities from total revenues. The subtotal ‘net operating revenues’ in the condensed consolidated income statements is calculated as operating revenues less
transaction-based clearing expenses, introducing broker commissions and interest expense. Transaction-based clearing expenses represent variable expenses paid to executing brokers, exchanges, clearing organizations and banks in relation to transactional volumes. Introducing broker commissions include commission paid to non-employee third parties that have introduced clients to the Company. Net operating revenues represent revenues available to pay variable compensation to risk management consultants and traders and direct non-variable expenses, as well as variable and non-variable expenses of operational and administrative employees.
Reclassifications
During the year ended September 30, 2020, the Company reclassified certain selling and marketing related costs in connection with the acquisition of Gain Capital Holdings, Inc. (“Gain”). In performing this reclassification, the Company has made retrospective adjustments to the consolidated income statements for the three months ended December 31, 2019. For the three months ended December 31, 2019, selling and marketing related costs of $1.4 million were reclassified from ‘Other’ expense to ‘Selling and marketing’ expense.
Accounting Standards Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which significantly changes the ways entities recognize credit losses on financial instruments. The guidance is effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”, which among other things, included several amendments to ASU No. 2016-13 changing how a company considers expected recoveries and contractual extensions or renewal options when estimating expected credit losses.
The guidance replaces the previous incurred loss impairment guidance and introduces a new credit reserving model known as the Current Expected Credit Loss (“CECL”) model, which is based on expected losses over the life of an asset, and applies to financial assets carried at amortized cost, held-to-maturity debt securities and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The allowance must reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the life of the assets taking future economic changes into consideration.
The Company adopted this guidance on October 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective approach and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment of $6.2 million, net of tax of $2.0 million, to the opening balance sheet of retained earnings - see notes 5 and 11. The adoption impact was attributable to an increase in allowance for credit losses on a group of approximately 300 client deficit accounts, originated in November 2018, of the FCM division of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, StoneX Financial Inc. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2020 are presented using the CECL model, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable U.S. GAAP.
Current Expected Credit Losses
Beginning October 1, 2020, the Company estimates its allowance for credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost based on expected credit losses over the life of the financial asset. In determining expected credit losses, the Company considers a number of factors including, but not limited to, historical collection experience, current and forecasted economic and business conditions, internal and external credit risk ratings, collateral terms, payment terms and aging of the financial asset.
The Company estimates expected credit losses primarily using a probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) model (“PD/LGD model”), under which the expected credit loss is calculated as the product of PD, LGD and exposure at default.
Additionally, for collateralized transactions, the Company elects to measure expected credit losses using the fair value of collateral received where the borrower is required to, and reasonably expected to, replenish the amount of collateral securing the receivable as a result of changes in the fair value of such collateral.