Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Notes)	12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]	Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies INTL FCStone Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively “INTL” or “the Company”), is a diversified global brokerage and financial services firm providing execution, risk management and advisory services, market intelligence and clearing services with significant asset class coverage and significant market coverage globally. The Company helps its clients to access market liquidity, maximize profits and manage risk. The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from financial products and advisory services intended to fulfill its clients’ commercial needs and provide bottom-line benefits to their businesses. The Company’s services include comprehensive risk management advisory services for commercial clients; clearing and execution of debt and equity securities, listed futures and options on futures contracts on all major securities and commodity exchanges; structured over-the-counter (“OTC”) products in a wide range of commodities; physical trading and hedging of precious and base metals and select other commodities; trading of more than 140 foreign currencies; market-making in international equities; fixed income; debt origination and asset management. The Company provides these services to a diverse group of more than 20,000 commercial and institutional clients and over 80,000 retail clients located in more than 130 countries, including commercial entities, asset managers, regional, national and introducing broker-dealers, insurance companies, brokers, institutional investors and professional traders, commercial and investment banks and government and non-governmental organizations (“NGOs”). Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of INTL FCStone Inc. and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless otherwise stated herein, all references to fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017, and fiscal 2016 refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended September 30. In the consolidated income statements, the total revenues reported combine gross revenues for the physical commodities business and net revenues for all other businesses. The subtotal ‘operating revenues’ in the consolidated income statements is calculated by deducting physical commodities cost of sales from total revenues. The subtotal ‘net operating revenues’ in the consolidated income statements is calculated as operating revenues less transaction-based clearing expenses, introducing broker commissions and interest expense. Transaction-based clearing expenses represent variable expenses paid to executing brokers, exchanges, clearing organizations and banks in relation to transactional volumes. Introducing broker commissions include commission paid to non-employee third parties that have introduced clients to the Company. Net operating revenues represent revenues available to pay variable compensation to risk management consultants and traders and direct non-variable expenses, as well as variable and non-variable expenses of operational and administrative employees. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant of these estimates and assumptions relate to fair value measurements for financial instruments, revenue recognition, the provision for probable losses from bad debts, valuation of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, and incomes taxes and contingencies. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company reviews all significant estimates affecting the financial statements on a recurring basis and records the effect of any necessary adjustments prior to their issuance. Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could be materially different from these estimates. Internal Subsidiaries Consolidation Effective July 1, 2017, the Company merged its wholly-owned regulated United States (“U.S.”) subsidiary, Sterne Agee & Leach, Inc., into the wholly owned regulated U.S. subsidiary, INTL FCStone Financial Inc. (“INTL FCStone Financial”). As such, the assets, liabilities and equity of Sterne Agee & Leach, Inc. were transferred into INTL FCStone Financial. Reclassifications During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company separately classified non-trading technology and support costs that were previously included within ‘Other’ on the consolidated income statements. Additionally, during the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company separately classified communications related expenses from trading systems and market information related costs. In performing these reclassifications, the Company has made immaterial, retrospective adjustments to conform to the current period presentation. For the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, ‘Other’ expenses included $11.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of expenses that are now included within ‘Non-trading technology and support’ on the consolidated income statements. For the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, ‘Trading systems and market information’ included $5.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of expenses that are now included within ‘Communications’ on the consolidated income statements. Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries maintain their records either in U.S. dollars or in certain instances the currency of the country in which they operate. The method of translating local currency financial information into U.S. dollars depends on whether the economy in which the foreign subsidiary operates has been designated as highly inflationary or not. Economies with a three-year cumulative inflation rate of more than 100% are considered highly inflationary. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in non-highly inflationary economies are translated into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Revenues and expense are translated at rates of exchange in effect during the year. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in earnings. Foreign subsidiaries that operate in highly inflationary countries use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Local currency monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange as of each balance sheet date, with remeasurement adjustments and other transaction gains and losses recognized in earnings. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities do not fluctuate with changes in the local currency exchange rates to the dollar as the translated amounts for nonmonetary assets and liabilities at the end of the accounting period in which the economy becomes highly inflationary becomes the accounting basis for those assets and liabilities in the period of change and subsequent periods. Revenues and expenses are translated at rates of exchange in effect during the year. The Company operates asset management and debt trading businesses in Argentina through various wholly owned subsidiaries. Operating revenues from the Argentinean subsidiaries represented approximately 3% of the consolidated operating revenues for the year ended September 30, 2018. The operating environment in Argentina continues to present business challenges, including ongoing devaluation of the Argentine peso and significant inflation. For the year ended September 30, 2018, the Argentine peso declined approximately 139% (from 17.3 to 41.3 pesos to the U.S. dollar). Based upon inflationary data published by the International Practices Task Force of the Center for Audit Quality, the economy of Argentina became highly inflationary during the three months ended June 30, 2018. Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company has designated Argentina’s economy as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. As a result, the Company has accounted for the Argentinean entities using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency beginning in the quarter ending September 30, 2018. Argentine peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at each balance sheet date to the currency exchange rate then in effect, with currency remeasurement gains and loses recognized in earnings. The translated balances for nonmonetary assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2018, became the accounting basis for those assets in the period of change and subsequent periods. As a result of Argentina’s highly inflationary status, the Company recorded translation losses through earnings of $3.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2018, the Company had net monetary assets denominated in Argentine pesos of $11.6 million, including cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 million. At September 30, 2018, the Company had net nonmonetary assets denominated in Argentine pesos of $1.0 million. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash held at banks and all highly liquid investments not held for trading purposes, with original or acquired maturities of 90 days or less, including certificates of deposit, to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, foreign currency, and certificates of deposit not deposited with or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations, broker-dealers, clearing organizations or counterparties, or segregated under federal or other regulations. Certificates of deposit are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value, and may be withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company without penalty. Cash, Securities and Other Assets Segregated under Federal and other Regulations Pursuant to requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act and Commission Regulation 30.7 of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) in the U.S. and similarly in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), pursuant to the Markets in Financial Instruments Implementing Directive 2006/73/EC underpinning the Client Asset (“CASS”) rules in the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) handbook, funds deposited by clients relating to futures and options on futures contracts in regulated commodities must be carried in separate accounts which are designated as segregated client accounts. Additionally, in accordance with Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Rule 15c3-3”), the Company maintains separate accounts for the exclusive benefit of securities clients and proprietary accounts of broker dealers (“PABs”). Rule 15c3-3 requires the Company to maintain special reserve bank accounts (“SRBAs”) for the exclusive benefit of securities clients and PABs. The deposits in segregated client accounts and SRBAs are not commingled with the funds of the Company. Under the FSA’s rules, certain categories of clients may choose to opt-out of segregation. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, cash, securities, and other assets segregated under federal and other regulations consisted of cash held at banks of approximately $765.4 million and $464.3 million, respectively, U.S. Treasury obligations of approximately $600.4 million and $33.5 million, respectively, and commodities warehouse receipts of approximately $42.9 million and $21.0 million, respectively (see fair value measurements discussion in Note 3). Securities Purchased/Sold Under Agreements to Resell/Repurchase The Company enters into securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements) primarily to finance financial instruments, acquire securities to cover short positions or to acquire securities for settlement. Reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. The related interest is recorded in the consolidated income statements as ‘interest income’ or ‘interest expense’, as applicable. In connection with these agreements and transactions, it is the policy of the Company to receive or pledge cash or securities to adequately collateralize such agreements and transactions in accordance with general industry guidelines and practices. The value of the collateral is valued daily and the Company may require counterparties, or may be required by counterparties, to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged, when appropriate. The carrying amounts of these agreements and transactions approximate fair value due to their short-term nature and the level of collateralization. Securities Borrowed and Loaned The Company enters into securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions primarily to meet counterparties’ needs. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are reported as collateralized financings. Securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. The Company receives collateral generally in excess of the market value of securities loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as necessary. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are reported on a gross basis. Interest income and interest expense are recognized over the life of the arrangements. Deposits with and Receivables from Broker-dealers, Clearing Organizations and Counterparties, and Payables to Broker-dealers, Clearing Organizations and Counterparties As required by the regulations of the CFTC and the aforementioned FSA handbook, client funds received to margin, guarantee, and/or secure commodity futures and futures on options transactions are segregated and accounted for separately from the general assets of the Company. Deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties pertain primarily to deposits made to satisfy margin requirements on client and proprietary open futures and options on futures positions and to satisfy the requirements set by clearing exchanges for clearing membership. The Company also pledges margin deposits with various counterparties for OTC derivative contracts, and these deposits are also included in deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties. The Company also deposits cash margin with various securities clearing organizations, and these deposits are also included in deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties are reported gross, except where a right of offset exists. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents on deposit with or pledged to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties of approximately $1.5 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also include securities pledged to exchange-clearing organizations as collateral in lieu of cash margin by the Company on behalf of clients and client-owned securities that are pledged directly. It is the Company’s practice to include client-owned securities on its consolidated balance sheets, as the rights to those securities have been transferred to the Company under the terms of the futures trading agreements. Securities pledged primarily include U.S. Treasury obligations, foreign government obligations, and certain exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). Securities that are not client-owned are adjusted to fair value with associated changes in unrealized gains or losses recorded through current period earnings. For client-owned securities, the change in fair value is offset against the payable to clients with no impact recognized in the consolidated income statements. The fair value of these securities included within deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties was $785.8 million and $251.4 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Management has considered guidance required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 860 - Transfers and Servicing as it relates to securities pledged by clients to margin their accounts within the FCM Division of INTL FCStone Financial. Based on a review of the agreements with the client, management believes the transferor surrenders control over those assets because: (a) the transferred assets have been isolated from the transferor—put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (b) each transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the assets (or beneficial interests) it received, and no condition both constrains the transferee (or holder) from taking advantage of its right to pledge or exchange and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor and (c) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (1) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem them before their maturity or (2) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a cleanup call. Under this guidance, the Company reflects the client collateral assets and corresponding liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and 2017. In addition to cash margin, deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties include guaranty deposits with exchange-clearing organizations. The guaranty deposits are held by the clearing organization for use in potential default situations by one or more members of the clearing organization. The guaranty deposits may be applied to the Company’s obligations to the clearing organization, or to the clearing organization’s obligations to other clearing members or third parties. The Company maintains client omnibus and proprietary accounts with other counterparties, and the equity balances in those accounts along with any margin cash or securities deposited with the carrying broker are included in deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also include amounts due from or due to exchange-clearing organizations for daily variation settlements on open futures and options on futures positions. The variation settlements due from or due to exchange-clearing organizations are paid in cash on the following business day and represent the settlement of futures positions. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations and counterparties, and payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations and counterparties also include amounts related to the value of clients cross-currency payment transactions related to the Global Payments segment. These amounts arise due to a clearing period before the funds are received and payments are made, which usually is one to two business days. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also includes amounts due from exchange-clearing organizations for unrealized gains and losses associated with clients’ options on futures contracts. See discussion in the Financial Instruments section below for additional information on the Company’s accounting policies for derivative contracts. For client-owned derivative contracts, the fair value is offset against the payable to clients with no impact recognized on the consolidated income statements. Receivable from and Payable to Clients Receivable from clients, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, include the total of net deficits in individual exchange-traded futures and OTC derivative trading accounts carried by the Company. Client deficits arise from realized and unrealized trading losses on client futures, options on futures, swaps and forwards and amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Client deficit accounts are reported gross of client accounts that contain net credit or positive balances, except where a right of offset exists. Net deficits in individual futures exchange-traded and OTC derivative trading accounts include both secured and unsecured deficit balances due from clients as of the balance sheet date. Secured deficit amounts are backed by U.S. Treasury obligations and commodity warehouse receipts. These U.S Treasury obligations and commodity warehouse receipts are not netted against the secured deficit amounts, as the conditions for right of setoff have not been met. Receivable from clients, net also includes the net amounts receivable from securities clients in connection with the settlement of regular-way cash securities, margin loans to clients, and client cash debits. It is the Company’s policy to report margin loans and payables that arise due to positive cash flows in the same client’s accounts on a net basis when the conditions for netting as specified in U.S. GAAP are met. Clients’ securities transactions cleared by the Company are recorded on a settlement date basis. Securities cleared by the Company and pledged to the Company as a condition of the custodial clearing arrangements are owned by the clients, including those that collateralize margin or other similar transactions, and are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as the Company does not have title to, or beneficial interests, in those assets. In the event of uncompleted transactions on settlement date, the Company records corresponding receivables and payables, respectively. The carrying value of the receivables and payables approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Payable to clients represent the total of client accounts with credit or positive balances. Client accounts are used primarily in connection with commodity, foreign exchange, precious metals, and securities transactions and include gains and losses on open trades as well as securities and cash margin deposits made as required by the Company, the exchange-clearing organizations or other clearing organizations. Client accounts with credit or positive balances are reported gross of client deficit accounts, except where a right of offset exists. Receivable from and payables to clients also include amounts related to the value of clients cross-currency payment transactions related to the Global Payments segment. These amounts arise due to a clearing period before the funds are received and payments are made, which usually is one to two business days. The future collectability of receivables from clients can be impacted by the Company’s collection efforts, the financial stability of its clients, and the general economic climate in which it operates. The Company evaluates accounts that it believes may become uncollectible on a specific identification basis, through reviewing daily margin deficit reports, the historical daily aging of the receivables, and by monitoring the financial strength of its clients. The Company may unilaterally close client trading positions in certain circumstances. In addition, to evaluate client margining and collateral requirements, client positions are stress tested regularly and monitored for excessive concentration levels relative to the overall market size. Furthermore, in certain instances, the Company is indemnified, and able to charge back, introducing broker-dealers for bad debts incurred by their clients. The Company generally charges off an outstanding receivable balance when all economic means of recovery have been exhausted. That determination considers information such as the occurrence of significant changes in the client’s financial position such that the client can no longer pay the obligation, or that the proceeds from collateral will not be sufficient to pay the balance. Notes Receivable Accrual of commodity financing income on any note is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collectability of interest or principal. Nonaccrual notes are returned to an accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The Company records a charge against earnings for notes receivable losses when management believes that the collection of outstanding principal is not probable. Physical Commodities Inventory Inventories of certain agricultural commodities are carried at net realizable value, which approximates fair value less disposal costs. The agricultural commodities inventories have reliable, readily determinable and realizable market prices, have relatively predictable and insignificant costs of disposal and are available for immediate delivery. Changes in the fair values of these agricultural commodities inventories are included as a component of ‘cost of physical commodities sold’ in the consolidated income statements. Inventories of energy related products are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories of precious metals held by subsidiaries that are not broker-dealers are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the weighted-average price and first-in first-out costing method. Precious metals inventory held by INTL FCStone Ltd, a U.K. based broker-dealer subsidiary, is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ in the consolidated income statements. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Certain costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged against earnings, as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in earnings. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but rather is evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment at the fiscal year end (or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist) in accordance with ASC 350 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. Goodwill impairment is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value. If the estimated fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill at the reporting unit level is not deemed to be impaired. However, if the estimated fair value is below carrying value, further analysis is required to determine the amount of the impairment. This further analysis involves assigning tangible assets and liabilities, identified intangible assets and goodwill to reporting units and comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. In the course of the evaluation of the potential impairment of goodwill, the Company may perform either a qualitative or a quantitative assessment. The Company’s qualitative assessment of potential impairment may result in the determination that a quantitative impairment analysis is not necessary. Under this elective process, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads the Company to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then performing a quantitative analysis is not required. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment analysis. If the Company either chooses not to perform a qualitative assessment, or the Company chooses to perform a qualitative assessment but is unable to qualitatively conclude that no impairment has occurred, then the Company performs a quantitative evaluation. In the case of a quantitative assessment, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit which the goodwill that is subject to the quantitative analysis is associated (generally defined as the businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compares it to the carrying value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company estimates the fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. The fair value of the Company’s reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values under the first step of the quantitative assessment and no impairment charges were recorded for any of the periods presented. Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from two to twenty years. Identifiable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. Residual value is presumed to be zero for all identifiable intangible assets. Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, Not Yet Purchased Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, at fair value consist of financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis or amounts that approximate fair value, with related realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in current period earnings. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, are included in ‘Trading gains, net’ and ‘Cost of sales of physical commodities’ in the consolidated income statements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased are comprised primarily of the financial instruments held by the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries and the Company’s over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative swap dealer. Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, includes trading securities that the Company holds as a principal. The Company has not classified any financial instruments owned or sold, not yet purchased, as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased includes derivative instruments that the Company holds as a principal which are primarily transacted on an OTC basis. As a derivatives dealer, the Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency, commodity price and interest rate risks for the Company and its clients. The Company’s objectives for holding derivatives include reducing, eliminating, and efficiently managing the economic impact of these exposures as effectively as possible. The Company’s derivative instruments also include forward purchase and sale commitments for the physical delivery of agricultural and energy related commodities in a future period. Contracts to purchase agricultural and energy commodities generally relate to the current or future crop year. Contracts for the sale of agricultural and energy commodities generally do not extend beyond one year. Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. As the Company does not elect hedge accounting for any derivative instruments, realized and unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized immediately in current period earnings. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from the derivative instruments in which the Company acts as a dealer are included within ‘Trading gains, net’ on the consolidated income statements. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on firm purchase and sale commitments are included within ‘Cost of sales of physical commodities’ on the consolidated income statements. To reduce credit exposure on the derivative instruments for which the Company acts as a dealer, the Company may enter into a master netting arrangement that allows for settlement of all derivative transactions with each counterparty. In addition, the credit support annex that accompanies master netting arrangements allows parties to the master netting agreement to mitigate their credit risk by requiring the party which is out of the money to post collateral. The Company accepts collateral in the form of cash or other marketable securities. Where permitted, the Company elects to net-by-counterparty certain derivative instruments entered into under a legally enforceable master netting agreement and, therefore, the fair value of those derivative instruments are netted by counterparty in the consolidated balance sheets. As the Company elects to net-by-counterparty the fair value of such derivative instruments, the Company also nets-by-counterparty cash collateral exchanged as part of those derivative instruments. The Company also brokers foreign exchange forwards, options and cash, or spot, transactions between clients and external counterparties. A portion of the contracts are arranged on an offsetting basis, limiting the Company’s risk to performance of the two offsetting parties. The offsetting nature of the contracts eliminates the effects of market fluctuations on the Company’s operating results. Due to the Company’s role as a principal participating in both sides of these contracts, the amounts are presented gross on the consolidated balance sheets at their respective fair values, net of offsetting assets and liabilities. The Company holds proprietary positions in its foreign exchange line of business. On a limited basis, the Company’s foreign exchange trade desk will accept a client transaction and will offset that transaction with a similar but not identical position with a counterparty. These unmatched transactions are intended to be short-term in nature and are often conducted to facilitate the most effective transaction for the Company’s client. These spot and forward contracts are accounted for as free-standing derivatives and reported in the consolidated balance sheets at their fair values. The Company may lease commodities to or from clients or counterparties. These commodity leases, which primarily involve precious metals, are recorded at fair value utilizing the fair value option based on guidance in the Financial Instruments Topic of the ASC. These commodities leases represent hybrid financial instruments which contain both a dollar denominated loan host contract and an embedded forward derivative contract on the underlying commodities, which can be settled in either cash or metals. As permitted by the fair value option election, the entire instrument is recorded at fair value as either an asset or liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The corresponding change in the fair value of the instrument is recognized in the consolidated income statements as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016. The Company does elect to value all of their commodities lease agreements at fair value using the fair value option. For further information regarding the types of financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, as well as the related valuation techniques refer to Note 3. Exchange and Clearing Organization Memberships and Stock The Company is required to hold certain exchange membership seats and exchange firm and clearing organization common stock and pledges them for clearing purposes, in order to provide the Company the right to process trades directly with the various exchanges and clearing organizations. Exchange memberships include seats on the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), the Minneapolis Grain Exchange, the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”), the Commodity Exchange, Inc. (“COMEX”) Division of the New York Mercantile Exchange, Mercado de Valores de Buenos Aires S.A. (“MERVAL”), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) Growth and Emerging Markets, InterContinental Exchange, Inc. (“ICE”) Futures US, ICE Europe Ltd and London Metal Exchange (“LME”). Exchange firm and clearing organization common stock include shares of CME Group, Inc., ICE, LME, and the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”). Exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stocks required in order to conduct business on exchanges and clearing organizations are recorded at cost and are included in ‘other assets’ on the consolidated balance sheets. Equity investments in exchange firm common stock not required in order to conduct business on the exchanges are classified as trading securities included within ‘financial instruments owned’ on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ on the consolidated income statements. The cost basis for exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock pledged for clearing purposes was $11.4 million and $12.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock pledged for clearing purposes was $10.3 million and $10.2 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of exchange and clearing organization firm common stock is determined by quoted market prices, and the fair value of exchange memberships is determined by recent sale transactions. The Company monitors the fair value of exchange and clearing organization membership seats and firm common stock on a quarterly basis, and does not consider any current unrealized losses on individual exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock to be anything other than a temporary impairment. Product Financing Arrangements In the normal course of operations the Company executes notes receivable under repurchase agreements with clients whereby the clients sell certain commodity inventory or other investments to the Company and agree to repurchase the commodity inventory or investment at a future date at a fixed price. These transactions are short-term in nature, and in accordance with the guidance contained in the Transfers and Servicing Topic of the ASC, are treated as secured borrowings rather than commodity inventory and purchases and sales in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These transactions are reflected as ‘notes receivable’ in the consolidated balance sheet. Commodities or investments sold under repurchase agreements are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transactions. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company also participates in commodity repurchase transactions that are accounted for as commodity inventory and purchases and sales of physical commodities as opposed to secured borrowings. The repurchase price under these arrangements is not fixed at the time of execution and, therefore, do not meet all the criteria to be accounted for as product financing arrangements. Lenders Under Loans Lenders under loans are accounted for at amortized cost, which approximates fair value due to their variable rates of interest. Acquisitions When acquiring companies, the Company recognizes separately from goodwill most of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Certain contingent liabilities acquired require remeasurement at fair value in each subsequent reporting period. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net of the acquisition fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company used its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the remeasurement period, which may up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated income statements rather than adjusted through goodwill. Acquisition related costs, such as fees for attorneys, accountants, and investment bankers, are expensed as incurred and are not capitalized as part of the purchase price. Determining the fair value of certain identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subjective in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Estimating the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired requires significant judgment. These estimates and assumptions are based in part on historical experience, market data, and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies. Among the significant estimates used to value certain identifiable intangible assets acquired in acquisitions include, but are not limited to future expected cash flows from customer relationships and discount rates. Contingent Consideration The Company estimates and records the acquisition date estimated fair value of contingent consideration as part of purchase price consideration for acquisitions. Additionally, each reporting period, the Company estimates changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, and any change in fair value is recognized in the consolidated income statements. An increase in the contingent consideration expected to be paid will result in a charge to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration increases, while a decrease in the earn-out expected to be paid will result in a credit to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration decreases. The estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration requires subjective assumptions to be made of future operating results, discount rates, and probabilities assigned to various potential operating result scenarios. Additional Paid-In Capital The Company’s additional paid-in capital (“APIC”) consists of stockholder contributions that are in excess of par value of common stock. Included in APIC are amounts related to the exercise of stock options and amortization of share-based compensation. Revenue Recognition Sales of physical commodities Sales of physical commodities revenue are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company reports its physical commodities revenues, except as described below, on a gross basis, with the corresponding cost of sales shown separately, in accordance with the guidelines provided in the Revenue Recognition Topic of the ASC. Management has historically assessed the performance of the physical commodities businesses on an operating revenue basis, and continues to do so. INTL FCStone Ltd precious metals sales and cost of sales are presented on a net basis and included as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ in the consolidated income statements, in accordance with U.S GAAP accounting requirements for broker-dealers. Precious metals sales and cost of sales for subsidiaries that are not broker-dealers continue to be recorded on a gross basis. Trading gains, net Trading gains, net include brokerage fees and margins generated from OTC derivative trades executed with clients and other counterparties and are recognized when trades are executed. Trading gains, net also include activities where the Company acts as principal in the purchase and sale of individual securities, currencies, commodities or derivative instruments. These transactions may be offset simultaneously with another client or counterparty, offset with similar but not identical positions on an exchange, made from inventory, or may be aggregated with other purchases to provide liquidity intraday, for a number of days, or in some cases even longer periods (during which fair value may fluctuate). In addition, trading gains, net includes activities from the Company’s operations of a proprietary foreign exchange desk which arbitrages the futures and cash markets (see additional discussion in the Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, Not Yet Purchased policy note for revenue recognition on principal trading activities). Net dealer inventory and investment gains are recognized on a trade-date basis and include realized gains or losses and changes in unrealized gains or losses on investments at fair value. Dividend income on long equity positions and dividend expense on short equity positions are recognized net in ‘trading gains, net’ on the ex-dividend date. Commission and clearing fees The Company generates two types of commission revenues: sales-based commissions and trailing commissions. Sales-based commission revenues, which occur when the Company executes and clears securities, futures, and options on futures transactions on behalf of clients in an agency capacity, primarily represent commissions that are recognized on a trade-date basis. Sales-based commissions are generated by internal traders and brokers or by introducing broker-dealers. Sales-based commissions are reported gross of introducing-broker dealer and registered investment advisor commissions. Certain commissions on futures contracts are recognized on a half-turn basis in two equal parts. The first half is recognized when the contract is opened and the second half is recognized when the transaction is closed. Commissions on options on futures contracts are generally recognized on a half-turn basis, except that full commissions are recognized on options expected to expire without being exercised or offset. Commissions and transactions fees are charged at various rates based on the type of account, the products traded, and the method of trade. Clearing and transaction fees are charged to clients on a per contract basis based on the trade-date. These fees are for clearing clients’ trades and include fees charged to the Company by the various futures exchanges, securities clearing organizations, and other regulatory organizations and are reported gross of the transaction-based clearing expenses discussed below. Trailing commission revenues from mutual funds, annuities, and insurance products are recorded over the period earned. Trailing commission revenues, or commissions that are paid over time, such as 12(b)-1 fees are recurring in nature and are earned based on varying factors that are product specific to trail-eligible assets. The Company earns trailing commission revenues primarily on mutual funds, annuities, and insurance products held by clients of the Company’s registered investment advisors. Consulting, management, and account fees Consulting, management, and account fees include risk management consulting fees which are billed and recognized as revenue on a monthly basis when risk management services are provided. Such agreements are generally for one year periods, but are generally cancelable by either party upon providing thirty days written notice to the other party and the amounts are not variable based on client trading activities. Fee income for structuring and arrangement of debt transactions and management and investment advisory income is recorded when the services related to the underlying transactions are provided and success fees are recorded when complete, as determined under the terms of the assignment or engagement. Consulting, management, and account fees also includes various charges related to securities clearing agreements with unaffiliated introducing-broker dealers such as transaction fees, annual account fees, service charges, servicing fees, platform fees, money market processing and distribution fees, and other correspondent clearing fees. The annual account fees such as IRA fees and distribution fees are recognized as earned over the term of the contract. The transaction fees are earned and collected from clients as trades are executed. Servicing fees such as omnibus fees are paid to the Company for marketing and administrative services and are recognized as earned. Consulting, management, and account fees also includes fund management fees which are earned over the period in which services are rendered. The fund management fees earned are calculated monthly based upon an average of net assets under management in accordance with such investment management agreements. Consulting, management, and account fees also includes asset management, or administration, fees generated from the Company’s registered investment advisor platform based upon the value of their advisory assets. Asset management, or administration, fees are generally billed to clients at the beginning of the quarter and are recognized as revenue ratably over the quarter. The majority of accounts are billed in advance using values as of the last business day of each calendar quarter. The market value of the assets in an account on the billing date determines the amount billed, and accordingly, the revenues earned in the following three month period. Additionally, the Company earns fees generated in lieu of interest income from a multi-bank sweep program with unaffiliated banks. Pursuant to contractual arrangements with securities introducing-broker dealers, uninvested cash balances in the introducing -brokers client accounts are swept into either FDIC insured cash accounts at various banks or third-party money market funds for which the Company earns a portion of the interest income generated by the balances. The fees generated by the Company’s multi-bank sweep program are reported net of the balances remitted to the introducing-brokers and the clients of introducing-brokers. Interest Income Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis. Interest income is generated from client funds deposited with the Company to satisfy margin requirements which is held by banks or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations. Interest income is also generated from the investment of client funds in U.S. Treasury obligations. Interest income generated from client funds is reported gross of the interest remitted to the clients. Interest is also generated from trading fixed income securities that the Company holds in its market-making businesses. Interest income also includes interest generated from collateralized transactions, including securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell, and from extending margin loans to clients. Revenue generally is recognized net of any taxes collected from clients and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Cost of Sales of Physical Commodities Cost of sales of physical commodities include finished commodity or raw material and processing costs along with operating costs relating to the receipt, storage and delivery of the physical commodities. Cost of sales of physical commodities also includes changes in the fair value of agricultural commodity inventories held for sale, and related forward purchase and sale commitments and exchange-traded futures and options contracts. Interest Expense Interest expense is recognized on an accrual basis. As noted above, interest income is generated from client funds deposited with the Company to satisfy margin requirements which is held by banks or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations. Interest income is also generated from the investment of client funds in U.S. Treasury obligations. A portion of the interest income generated from these funds is remitted to the clients. Interest expense is also incurred on outstanding balances on the Company’s credit facilities. Interest expense is also incurred on fixed income securities sold, not yet purchased, that the Company holds in its market-marking businesses. Interest expense is also incurred from collateralized transactions, including securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Compensation and Benefits Compensation and benefits consists primarily of salaries, incentive compensation, variable compensation, including commissions, related payroll taxes and employee benefits. The Company classifies employees as either risk management consultants / traders, operational or administrative personnel, which includes the executive officers. Variable compensation paid to risk management consultants and traders generally represents a fixed percentage of revenues generated, and in some cases, revenues produced less direct costs and an overhead allocation. The Company accrues commission expense on a trade-date basis. Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with the guidance of the Compensation-Stock Compensation Topic of the ASC. The cost of employee services received in exchange for a share-based award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based employee awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur in determining share-based employee compensation expense. For option awards granted, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award. Transaction-Based Clearing Expenses Clearing fees and related expenses include primarily variable expenses for clearing and settlement services, including fees the Company pays to executing brokers, exchanges, clearing organizations and banks. These fees are based on transaction volume, and recorded as expense on the trade date. Clearing fees are passed on to clients and are presented gross in the consolidated statements of income under the Revenue Recognition Topic of the ASC, as the Company acts as a principal for these transactions. Introducing Broker Commissions Introducing broker commissions include commissions paid to non-employee third parties that have introduced clients to the Company. Introducing brokers are individuals or organizations that maintain relationships with clients and accept futures and options orders from those clients. The Company directly provides all account, transaction and margining services to introducing brokers, including accepting money, securities and property from the clients. The commissions are determined and settled monthly. Income Taxes Income tax expense includes U.S. federal, state and local and foreign income taxes. Certain items of income and expense are not reported in tax returns and financial statements in the same year. The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method to provide income taxes on all transactions recorded in the consolidated financial statements. This method requires that income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities for book and tax purposes. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference is determined based on the tax rates that the Company expects to be in effect when the underlying items of income and expense are realized. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns, including the repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authority, based upon the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. See Note 18 for further information on the Company’s income taxes. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes net actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit pension plans and gains and losses on foreign currency translations. Preferred Stock The Company is authorized to issue one million shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share, in one or more classes or series to be established by the Company’s board of directors. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, no preferred shares were outstanding and the Company’s board of directors had not yet established any class or series of shares. Accounting Standards Adopted In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement instead of additional paid in capital. ASU 2016-09 also provides entities with the option to elect an accounting policy to estimate forfeitures of share-based awards over the service period or account for forfeitures when they occur. Under ASU 2016-09, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits should be recognized using a modified retrospective transition. In addition, amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement, as well as changes in the computation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, should be applied prospectively. ASU 2016-09 is effective for and was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2018 and the impact of the adoption resulted in the following: • During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized excess tax benefits from share-based compensation of $0.5 million within income tax expense on the consolidated income statement and within net income on the consolidated cash flow statement. Prior to adoption, the tax effect of share-based awards would have been recognized in additional paid-in-capital on the consolidated balance sheets and separately stated in the financing activities in the consolidated cash flow statements. The Company has elected to adopt this guidance prospectively. • The Company has elected to account for forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur. The Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. • The excess tax benefits from the assumed proceeds available to repurchase shares were excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended September 30, 2018. The Company has elected to adopt this guidance prospectively. • For the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company has classified as a financing activity in the consolidated cash flow statement $0.8 million of cash paid to taxing authorities for restricted stock shares withheld to satisfy statutory income tax withholding obligations. The retrospective application of this guidance had no impact on the consolidated cash flow statements for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (Topic 330).” Under ASU 2015-11, inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out (FIFO), specific identification, or average cost methods should be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. This ASU does not impact inventory measurement under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) or retail inventory methods. The Company adopted this ASU prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”, which aims to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing fair value measurement disclosures. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Retrospective adoption is required except for changes in disclosures related to changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for Level 3 instruments, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may early adopt eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the additional disclosure requirements until their effective date. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company early adopted the eliminated disclosure requirements related to the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The early adoption of the eliminated disclosure requirements did not have a material impact on the Company’s fair value measurement disclosures included within Note 3.

Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

INTL FCStone Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively “INTL” or “the Company”), is a diversified global brokerage and financial services firm providing execution, risk management and advisory services, market intelligence and clearing services with significant asset class coverage and significant market coverage globally. The Company helps its clients to access market liquidity, maximize profits and manage risk. The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from financial products and advisory services intended to fulfill its clients’ commercial needs and provide bottom-line benefits to their businesses. The Company’s services include comprehensive risk management advisory services for commercial clients; clearing and execution of debt and equity securities, listed futures and options on futures contracts on all major securities and commodity exchanges; structured over-the-counter (“OTC”) products in a wide range of commodities; physical trading and hedging of precious and base metals and select other commodities; trading of more than 140 foreign currencies; market-making in international equities; fixed income; debt origination and asset management.

The Company provides these services to a diverse group of more than 20,000 commercial and institutional clients and over 80,000 retail clients located in more than 130 countries, including commercial entities, asset managers, regional, national and introducing broker-dealers, insurance companies, brokers, institutional investors and professional traders, commercial and investment banks and government and non-governmental organizations (“NGOs”).

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of INTL FCStone Inc. and all other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unless otherwise stated herein, all references to fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017, and fiscal 2016 refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended September 30.

In the consolidated income statements, the total revenues reported combine gross revenues for the physical commodities business and net revenues for all other businesses. The subtotal ‘operating revenues’ in the consolidated income statements is calculated by deducting physical commodities cost of sales from total revenues. The subtotal ‘net operating revenues’ in the consolidated income statements is calculated as operating revenues less transaction-based clearing expenses, introducing broker commissions and interest expense. Transaction-based clearing expenses represent variable expenses paid to executing brokers, exchanges, clearing organizations and banks in relation to transactional volumes. Introducing broker commissions include commission paid to non-employee third parties that have introduced clients to the Company. Net operating revenues represent revenues available to pay variable compensation to risk management consultants and traders and direct non-variable expenses, as well as variable and non-variable expenses of operational and administrative employees.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant of these estimates and assumptions relate to fair value measurements for financial instruments, revenue recognition, the provision for probable losses from bad debts, valuation of inventories, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, and incomes taxes and contingencies. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company reviews all significant estimates affecting the financial statements on a recurring basis and records the effect of any necessary adjustments prior to their issuance. Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available information, actual results could be materially different from these estimates.

Internal Subsidiaries Consolidation

Effective July 1, 2017, the Company merged its wholly-owned regulated United States (“U.S.”) subsidiary, Sterne Agee & Leach, Inc., into the wholly owned regulated U.S. subsidiary, INTL FCStone Financial Inc. (“INTL FCStone Financial”). As such, the assets, liabilities and equity of Sterne Agee & Leach, Inc. were transferred into INTL FCStone Financial.

Reclassifications

During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company separately classified non-trading technology and support

costs that were previously included within ‘Other’ on the consolidated income statements. Additionally, during the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company separately classified communications related expenses from trading systems and market information related costs. In performing these reclassifications, the Company has made immaterial, retrospective adjustments to conform to the current period presentation. For the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, ‘Other’ expenses included $11.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively, of expenses that are now included within ‘Non-trading technology and support’ on the consolidated income statements. For the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, ‘Trading systems and market information’ included $5.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of expenses that are now included within ‘Communications’ on the consolidated income statements.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries

maintain their records either in U.S. dollars or in certain instances the currency of the country in which they operate. The

method of translating local currency financial information into U.S. dollars depends on whether the economy in which the foreign subsidiary operates has been designated as highly inflationary or not. Economies with a three-year cumulative inflation rate of more than 100% are considered highly inflationary.

Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries in non-highly inflationary economies are translated into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Revenues and expense are translated at rates of exchange in effect during the year. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in earnings.

Foreign subsidiaries that operate in highly inflationary countries use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Local currency

monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars using rates of exchange as of each balance sheet date, with remeasurement adjustments and other transaction gains and losses recognized in earnings. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities

do not fluctuate with changes in the local currency exchange rates to the dollar as the translated amounts for nonmonetary

assets and liabilities at the end of the accounting period in which the economy becomes highly inflationary becomes the accounting basis for those assets and liabilities in the period of change and subsequent periods. Revenues and expenses are translated at rates of exchange in effect during the year.

The Company operates asset management and debt trading businesses in Argentina through various wholly owned subsidiaries. Operating revenues from the Argentinean subsidiaries represented approximately 3% of the consolidated operating revenues for the year ended September 30, 2018. The operating environment in Argentina continues to present business challenges, including ongoing devaluation of the Argentine peso and significant inflation. For the year ended September 30, 2018, the Argentine peso declined approximately 139% (from 17.3 to 41.3 pesos to the U.S. dollar). Based upon inflationary data published by the International Practices Task Force of the Center for Audit Quality, the economy of Argentina became highly inflationary during the three months ended June 30, 2018.

Beginning July 1, 2018, the Company has designated Argentina’s economy as highly inflationary for accounting purposes. As a result, the Company has accounted for the Argentinean entities using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency beginning in the quarter ending September 30, 2018. Argentine peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at each balance sheet date to the currency exchange rate then in effect, with currency remeasurement gains and loses recognized in earnings. The translated balances for nonmonetary assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2018, became the accounting basis for those assets in the period of change and subsequent periods. As a result of Argentina’s highly inflationary status, the Company recorded translation losses through earnings of $3.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

At September 30, 2018, the Company had net monetary assets denominated in Argentine pesos of $11.6 million, including cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 million. At September 30, 2018, the Company had net nonmonetary assets denominated in Argentine pesos of $1.0 million.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers cash held at banks and all highly liquid investments not held for trading purposes, with original or acquired maturities of 90 days or less, including certificates of deposit, to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, foreign currency, and certificates of deposit not deposited with or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations, broker-dealers, clearing organizations or counterparties, or segregated under federal or other regulations. Certificates of deposit are stated at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value, and may be withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company without penalty.

Cash, Securities and Other Assets Segregated under Federal and other Regulations

Pursuant to requirements of the Commodity Exchange Act and Commission Regulation 30.7 of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) in the U.S. and similarly in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), pursuant to the Markets in Financial Instruments Implementing Directive 2006/73/EC underpinning the Client Asset (“CASS”) rules in the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”) handbook, funds deposited by clients relating to futures and options on futures contracts in regulated commodities must be carried in separate accounts which are designated as segregated client accounts. Additionally, in accordance with Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Rule 15c3-3”), the Company maintains separate accounts for the exclusive benefit of securities clients and proprietary accounts of broker dealers (“PABs”). Rule 15c3-3 requires the Company to maintain special reserve bank accounts (“SRBAs”) for the exclusive benefit of securities clients and PABs. The deposits in segregated client accounts and SRBAs are not commingled with the funds of the Company. Under the FSA’s rules, certain categories of clients may choose to opt-out of segregation. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, cash, securities, and other assets segregated under federal and other regulations consisted of cash held at banks of approximately $765.4 million and $464.3 million, respectively, U.S. Treasury obligations of approximately $600.4 million and $33.5 million, respectively, and commodities warehouse receipts of approximately $42.9 million and $21.0 million, respectively (see fair value measurements discussion in Note 3).

Securities Purchased/Sold Under Agreements to Resell/Repurchase

The Company enters into securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements) primarily to finance financial instruments, acquire securities to cover short positions or to acquire securities for settlement.

Reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at their contractual amounts plus accrued interest. The related interest is recorded in the consolidated income statements as ‘interest income’ or ‘interest expense’, as applicable. In connection with these agreements and transactions, it is the policy of the Company to receive or pledge cash or securities to adequately collateralize such agreements and transactions in accordance with general industry guidelines and practices. The value of the collateral is valued daily and the Company may require counterparties, or may be required by counterparties, to deposit additional collateral or return collateral pledged, when appropriate. The carrying amounts of these agreements and transactions approximate fair value due to their short-term nature and the level of collateralization.

Securities Borrowed and Loaned

The Company enters into securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions primarily to meet counterparties’ needs. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are reported as collateralized financings. Securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. The Company receives collateral generally in excess of the market value of securities loaned. The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as necessary. Securities borrowed and securities loaned are reported on a gross basis. Interest income and interest expense are recognized over the life of the arrangements.

Deposits with and Receivables from Broker-dealers, Clearing Organizations and Counterparties, and Payables to Broker-dealers, Clearing Organizations and Counterparties

As required by the regulations of the CFTC and the aforementioned FSA handbook, client funds received to margin, guarantee, and/or secure commodity futures and futures on options transactions are segregated and accounted for separately from the general assets of the Company. Deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties pertain primarily to deposits made to satisfy margin requirements on client and proprietary open futures and options on futures positions and to satisfy the requirements set by clearing exchanges for clearing membership. The Company also pledges margin deposits with various counterparties for OTC derivative contracts, and these deposits are also included in deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties. The Company also deposits cash margin with various securities clearing organizations, and these deposits are also included in deposits with broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties. Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties are reported gross, except where a right of offset exists. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents on deposit with or pledged to broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties of approximately $1.5 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively.

Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also include securities pledged to exchange-clearing organizations as collateral in lieu of cash margin by the Company on behalf of clients and client-owned securities that are pledged directly. It is the Company’s practice to include client-owned securities on its consolidated balance sheets, as the rights to those securities have been transferred to the Company under the terms of the futures trading agreements. Securities pledged primarily include U.S. Treasury obligations, foreign government obligations, and certain exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). Securities that are not client-owned are adjusted to fair value with associated changes in unrealized gains or losses recorded through current period earnings. For client-owned securities, the change in fair value is offset against the payable to clients with no impact recognized in the consolidated income statements. The fair value of these securities included within deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties was $785.8 million and $251.4 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Management has considered guidance required by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 860 - Transfers and Servicing as it relates to securities pledged by clients to margin their accounts within the FCM Division of INTL FCStone Financial. Based on a review of the agreements with the client, management believes the transferor surrenders control over those assets because: (a) the transferred assets have been isolated from the transferor—put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (b) each transferee has the right to pledge or exchange the assets (or beneficial interests) it received, and no condition both constrains the transferee (or holder) from taking advantage of its right to pledge or exchange and provides more than a trivial benefit to the transferor and (c) the transferor does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through either (1) an agreement that both entitles and obligates the transferor to repurchase or redeem them before their maturity or (2) the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets, other than through a cleanup call. Under this guidance, the Company reflects the client collateral assets and corresponding liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2018 and 2017.

In addition to cash margin, deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties include guaranty deposits with exchange-clearing organizations. The guaranty deposits are held by the clearing organization for use in potential default situations by one or more members of the clearing organization. The guaranty deposits may be applied to the Company’s obligations to the clearing organization, or to the clearing organization’s obligations to other clearing members or third parties.

The Company maintains client omnibus and proprietary accounts with other counterparties, and the equity balances in those accounts along with any margin cash or securities deposited with the carrying broker are included in deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties.

Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also include amounts due from or due to exchange-clearing organizations for daily variation settlements on open futures and options on futures positions. The variation settlements due from or due to exchange-clearing organizations are paid in cash on the following business day and represent the settlement of futures positions.

Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations and counterparties, and payables to broker-dealers, clearing organizations and counterparties also include amounts related to the value of clients cross-currency payment transactions related to the Global Payments segment. These amounts arise due to a clearing period before the funds are received and payments are made, which usually is one to two business days.

Deposits with and receivables from broker-dealers, clearing organizations, and counterparties also includes amounts due from exchange-clearing organizations for unrealized gains and losses associated with clients’ options on futures contracts. See discussion in the Financial Instruments section below for additional information on the Company’s accounting policies for derivative contracts. For client-owned derivative contracts, the fair value is offset against the payable to clients with no impact recognized on the consolidated income statements.

Receivable from and Payable to Clients

Receivable from clients, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, include the total of net deficits in individual exchange-traded futures and OTC derivative trading accounts carried by the Company. Client deficits arise from realized and unrealized trading losses on client futures, options on futures, swaps and forwards and amounts due on cash and margin transactions. Client deficit accounts are reported gross of client accounts that contain net credit or positive balances, except where a right of offset exists. Net deficits in individual futures exchange-traded and OTC derivative trading accounts include both secured and unsecured deficit balances due from clients as of the balance sheet date. Secured deficit amounts are backed by U.S. Treasury obligations and commodity warehouse receipts. These U.S Treasury obligations and commodity warehouse receipts are not netted against the secured deficit amounts, as the conditions for right of setoff have not been met.

Receivable from clients, net also includes the net amounts receivable from securities clients in connection with the settlement of regular-way cash securities, margin loans to clients, and client cash debits. It is the Company’s policy to report margin loans and payables that arise due to positive cash flows in the same client’s accounts on a net basis when the conditions for netting as specified in U.S. GAAP are met. Clients’ securities transactions cleared by the Company are recorded on a settlement date basis. Securities cleared by the Company and pledged to the Company as a condition of the custodial clearing arrangements are owned by the clients, including those that collateralize margin or other similar transactions, and are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as the Company does not have title to, or beneficial interests, in those assets. In the event of uncompleted transactions on settlement date, the Company records corresponding receivables and payables, respectively. The carrying value of the receivables and payables approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.

Payable to clients represent the total of client accounts with credit or positive balances. Client accounts are used primarily in connection with commodity, foreign exchange, precious metals, and securities transactions and include gains and losses on open trades as well as securities and cash margin deposits made as required by the Company, the exchange-clearing organizations or other clearing organizations. Client accounts with credit or positive balances are reported gross of client deficit accounts, except where a right of offset exists.

Receivable from and payables to clients also include amounts related to the value of clients cross-currency payment transactions related to the Global Payments segment. These amounts arise due to a clearing period before the funds are received and payments are made, which usually is one to two business days.

The future collectability of receivables from clients can be impacted by the Company’s collection efforts, the financial stability of its clients, and the general economic climate in which it operates. The Company evaluates accounts that it believes may become uncollectible on a specific identification basis, through reviewing daily margin deficit reports, the historical daily aging of the receivables, and by monitoring the financial strength of its clients. The Company may unilaterally close client trading positions in certain circumstances. In addition, to evaluate client margining and collateral requirements, client positions are stress tested regularly and monitored for excessive concentration levels relative to the overall market size. Furthermore, in certain instances, the Company is indemnified, and able to charge back, introducing broker-dealers for bad debts incurred by their clients.

The Company generally charges off an outstanding receivable balance when all economic means of recovery have been exhausted. That determination considers information such as the occurrence of significant changes in the client’s financial position such that the client can no longer pay the obligation, or that the proceeds from collateral will not be sufficient to pay the balance.

Notes Receivable

Accrual of commodity financing income on any note is discontinued when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collectability of interest or principal. Nonaccrual notes are returned to an accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The Company records a charge against earnings for notes receivable losses when management believes that the collection of outstanding principal is not probable.

Physical Commodities Inventory

Inventories of certain agricultural commodities are carried at net realizable value, which approximates fair value less disposal costs. The agricultural commodities inventories have reliable, readily determinable and realizable market prices, have relatively predictable and insignificant costs of disposal and are available for immediate delivery. Changes in the fair values of these agricultural commodities inventories are included as a component of ‘cost of physical commodities sold’ in the consolidated income statements.

Inventories of energy related products are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories of precious metals held by subsidiaries that are not broker-dealers are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the weighted-average price and first-in first-out costing method.

Precious metals inventory held by INTL FCStone Ltd, a U.K. based broker-dealer subsidiary, is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value included as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ in the consolidated income statements.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the improvement or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Certain costs of software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs, and minor replacements are charged against earnings, as incurred. Expenditures that increase the value or productive capacity of assets are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired, sold, or otherwise disposed of, the asset’s carrying amount and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in earnings.

Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the cost of acquired companies in excess of the fair value of identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but rather is evaluated for impairment at least annually.

The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment at the fiscal year end (or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist) in accordance with ASC 350 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. Goodwill impairment is determined by comparing the estimated fair value of a reporting unit with its respective carrying value. If the estimated fair value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill at the reporting unit level is not deemed to be impaired. However, if the estimated fair value is below carrying value, further analysis is required to determine the amount of the impairment. This further analysis involves assigning tangible assets and liabilities, identified intangible assets and goodwill to reporting units and comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount.

In the course of the evaluation of the potential impairment of goodwill, the Company may perform either a qualitative or a quantitative assessment. The Company’s qualitative assessment of potential impairment may result in the determination that a quantitative impairment analysis is not necessary. Under this elective process, the Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads the Company to determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, then performing a quantitative analysis is not required. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment analysis.

If the Company either chooses not to perform a qualitative assessment, or the Company chooses to perform a qualitative assessment but is unable to qualitatively conclude that no impairment has occurred, then the Company performs a quantitative evaluation. In the case of a quantitative assessment, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit which the goodwill that is subject to the quantitative analysis is associated (generally defined as the businesses for which financial information is available and reviewed regularly by management) and compares it to the carrying value. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company estimates the fair value of all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. The fair value of the Company’s reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values under the first step of the quantitative assessment and no impairment charges were recorded for any of the periods presented.

Identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated period of benefit, ranging from two to twenty years. Identifiable intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that an asset’s or asset group’s carrying value may not be fully recoverable. Residual value is presumed to be zero for all identifiable intangible assets.

Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, Not Yet Purchased

Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, at fair value consist of financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis or amounts that approximate fair value, with related realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in current period earnings. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, are included in ‘Trading gains, net’ and ‘Cost of sales of physical commodities’ in the consolidated income statements. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased are comprised primarily of the financial instruments held by the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries and the Company’s over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative swap dealer. Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, includes trading securities that the Company holds as a principal. The Company has not classified any financial instruments owned or sold, not yet purchased, as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity.

Financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased includes derivative instruments that the Company holds as a principal which are primarily transacted on an OTC basis. As a derivatives dealer, the Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposures to foreign currency, commodity price and interest rate risks for the Company and its clients. The Company’s objectives for holding derivatives include reducing, eliminating, and efficiently managing the economic impact of these exposures as effectively as possible. The Company’s derivative instruments also include forward purchase and sale commitments for the physical delivery of agricultural and energy related commodities in a future period. Contracts to purchase agricultural and energy commodities generally relate to the current or future crop year. Contracts for the sale of agricultural and energy commodities generally do not extend beyond one year.

Derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. As the Company does not elect hedge accounting for any derivative instruments, realized and unrealized gains and losses from the change in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized immediately in current period earnings. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from the derivative instruments in which the Company acts as a dealer are included within ‘Trading gains, net’ on the consolidated income statements. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on firm purchase and sale commitments are included within ‘Cost of sales of physical commodities’ on the consolidated income statements.

To reduce credit exposure on the derivative instruments for which the Company acts as a dealer, the Company may enter into a master netting arrangement that allows for settlement of all derivative transactions with each counterparty. In addition, the credit support annex that accompanies master netting arrangements allows parties to the master netting agreement to mitigate their credit risk by requiring the party which is out of the money to post collateral. The Company accepts collateral in the form of cash or other marketable securities. Where permitted, the Company elects to net-by-counterparty certain derivative instruments entered into under a legally enforceable master netting agreement and, therefore, the fair value of those derivative instruments are netted by counterparty in the consolidated balance sheets. As the Company elects to net-by-counterparty the fair value of such derivative instruments, the Company also nets-by-counterparty cash collateral exchanged as part of those derivative instruments.

The Company also brokers foreign exchange forwards, options and cash, or spot, transactions between clients and external counterparties. A portion of the contracts are arranged on an offsetting basis, limiting the Company’s risk to performance of the two offsetting parties. The offsetting nature of the contracts eliminates the effects of market fluctuations on the Company’s operating results. Due to the Company’s role as a principal participating in both sides of these contracts, the amounts are presented gross on the consolidated balance sheets at their respective fair values, net of offsetting assets and liabilities.

The Company holds proprietary positions in its foreign exchange line of business. On a limited basis, the Company’s foreign exchange trade desk will accept a client transaction and will offset that transaction with a similar but not identical position with a counterparty. These unmatched transactions are intended to be short-term in nature and are often conducted to facilitate the most effective transaction for the Company’s client. These spot and forward contracts are accounted for as free-standing derivatives and reported in the consolidated balance sheets at their fair values.

The Company may lease commodities to or from clients or counterparties. These commodity leases, which primarily involve precious metals, are recorded at fair value utilizing the fair value option based on guidance in the Financial Instruments Topic of the ASC. These commodities leases represent hybrid financial instruments which contain both a dollar denominated loan host contract and an embedded forward derivative contract on the underlying commodities, which can be settled in either cash or metals. As permitted by the fair value option election, the entire instrument is recorded at fair value as either an asset or liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The corresponding change in the fair value of the instrument is recognized in the consolidated income statements as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018, 2017, and 2016. The Company does elect to value all of their commodities lease agreements at fair value using the fair value option.

For further information regarding the types of financial instruments owned and sold, not yet purchased, as well as the related valuation techniques refer to Note 3.

Exchange and Clearing Organization Memberships and Stock

The Company is required to hold certain exchange membership seats and exchange firm and clearing organization common stock and pledges them for clearing purposes, in order to provide the Company the right to process trades directly with the various exchanges and clearing organizations. Exchange memberships include seats on the Chicago Board of Trade (“CBOT”), the Minneapolis Grain Exchange, the New York Mercantile Exchange (“NYMEX”), the Commodity Exchange, Inc. (“COMEX”) Division of the New York Mercantile Exchange, Mercado de Valores de Buenos Aires S.A. (“MERVAL”), the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) Growth and Emerging Markets, InterContinental Exchange, Inc. (“ICE”) Futures US, ICE Europe Ltd and London Metal Exchange (“LME”). Exchange firm and clearing organization common stock include shares of CME Group, Inc., ICE, LME, and the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”).

Exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stocks required in order to conduct business on exchanges and clearing organizations are recorded at cost and are included in ‘other assets’ on the consolidated balance sheets. Equity investments in exchange firm common stock not required in order to conduct business on the exchanges are classified as trading securities included within ‘financial instruments owned’ on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ on the consolidated income statements.

The cost basis for exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock pledged for clearing purposes was $11.4 million and $12.0 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock pledged for clearing purposes was $10.3 million and $10.2 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of exchange and clearing organization firm common stock is determined by quoted market prices, and the fair value of exchange memberships is determined by recent sale transactions. The Company monitors the fair value of exchange and clearing organization membership seats and firm common stock on a quarterly basis, and does not consider any current unrealized losses on individual exchange and clearing organization memberships and firm common stock to be anything other than a temporary impairment.

Product Financing Arrangements

In the normal course of operations the Company executes notes receivable under repurchase agreements with clients whereby the clients sell certain commodity inventory or other investments to the Company and agree to repurchase the commodity inventory or investment at a future date at a fixed price. These transactions are short-term in nature, and in accordance with the guidance contained in the Transfers and Servicing Topic of the ASC, are treated as secured borrowings rather than commodity inventory and purchases and sales in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. These transactions are reflected as ‘notes receivable’ in the consolidated balance sheet. Commodities or investments sold under repurchase agreements are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transactions. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying asset.

The Company also participates in commodity repurchase transactions that are accounted for as commodity inventory and purchases and sales of physical commodities as opposed to secured borrowings. The repurchase price under these arrangements is not fixed at the time of execution and, therefore, do not meet all the criteria to be accounted for as product financing arrangements.

Lenders Under Loans

Lenders under loans are accounted for at amortized cost, which approximates fair value due to their variable rates of interest.

Acquisitions

When acquiring companies, the Company recognizes separately from goodwill most of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Certain contingent liabilities acquired require remeasurement at fair value in each subsequent reporting period. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net of the acquisition fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. While the Company used its best estimates and assumptions as a part of the purchase price allocation to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, these estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the remeasurement period, which may up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated income statements rather than adjusted through goodwill. Acquisition related costs, such as fees for attorneys, accountants, and investment bankers, are expensed as incurred and are not capitalized as part of the purchase price.

Determining the fair value of certain identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed is subjective in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Estimating the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired requires significant judgment. These estimates and assumptions are based in part on historical experience, market data, and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies. Among the significant estimates used to value certain identifiable intangible assets acquired in acquisitions include, but are not limited to future expected cash flows from customer relationships and discount rates.

Contingent Consideration

The Company estimates and records the acquisition date estimated fair value of contingent consideration as part of purchase price consideration for acquisitions. Additionally, each reporting period, the Company estimates changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, and any change in fair value is recognized in the consolidated income statements. An increase in the contingent consideration expected to be paid will result in a charge to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration increases, while a decrease in the earn-out expected to be paid will result in a credit to operations in the period that the anticipated fair value of contingent consideration decreases. The estimate of the fair value of contingent consideration requires subjective assumptions to be made of future operating results, discount rates, and probabilities assigned to various potential operating result scenarios.

Additional Paid-In Capital

The Company’s additional paid-in capital (“APIC”) consists of stockholder contributions that are in excess of par value of common stock. Included in APIC are amounts related to the exercise of stock options and amortization of share-based compensation.

Revenue Recognition

Sales of physical commodities

Sales of physical commodities revenue are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company reports its physical commodities revenues, except as described below, on a gross basis, with the corresponding cost of sales shown separately, in accordance with the guidelines provided in the Revenue Recognition Topic of the ASC. Management has historically assessed the performance of the physical commodities businesses on an operating revenue basis, and continues to do so.

INTL FCStone Ltd precious metals sales and cost of sales are presented on a net basis and included as a component of ‘trading gains, net’ in the consolidated income statements, in accordance with U.S GAAP accounting requirements for broker-dealers. Precious metals sales and cost of sales for subsidiaries that are not broker-dealers continue to be recorded on a gross basis.

Trading gains, net

Trading gains, net include brokerage fees and margins generated from OTC derivative trades executed with clients and other counterparties and are recognized when trades are executed. Trading gains, net also include activities where the Company acts as principal in the purchase and sale of individual securities, currencies, commodities or derivative instruments. These transactions may be offset simultaneously with another client or counterparty, offset with similar but not identical positions on an exchange, made from inventory, or may be aggregated with other purchases to provide liquidity intraday, for a number of days, or in some cases even longer periods (during which fair value may fluctuate). In addition, trading gains, net includes activities from the Company’s operations of a proprietary foreign exchange desk which arbitrages the futures and cash markets (see additional discussion in the Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, Not Yet Purchased policy note for revenue recognition on principal trading activities). Net dealer inventory and investment gains are recognized on a trade-date basis and include realized gains or losses and changes in unrealized gains or losses on investments at fair value. Dividend income on long equity positions and dividend expense on short equity positions are recognized net in ‘trading gains, net’ on the ex-dividend date.

Commission and clearing fees

The Company generates two types of commission revenues: sales-based commissions and trailing commissions.

Sales-based commission revenues, which occur when the Company executes and clears securities, futures, and options on futures transactions on behalf of clients in an agency capacity, primarily represent commissions that are recognized on a trade-date basis. Sales-based commissions are generated by internal traders and brokers or by introducing broker-dealers. Sales-based commissions are reported gross of introducing-broker dealer and registered investment advisor commissions.

Certain commissions on futures contracts are recognized on a half-turn basis in two equal parts. The first half is recognized when the contract is opened and the second half is recognized when the transaction is closed. Commissions on options on futures contracts are generally recognized on a half-turn basis, except that full commissions are recognized on options expected to expire without being exercised or offset. Commissions and transactions fees are charged at various rates based on the type of account, the products traded, and the method of trade. Clearing and transaction fees are charged to clients on a per contract basis based on the trade-date. These fees are for clearing clients’ trades and include fees charged to the Company by the various futures exchanges, securities clearing organizations, and other regulatory organizations and are reported gross of the transaction-based clearing expenses discussed below.

Trailing commission revenues from mutual funds, annuities, and insurance products are recorded over the period earned. Trailing commission revenues, or commissions that are paid over time, such as 12(b)-1 fees are recurring in nature and are earned based on varying factors that are product specific to trail-eligible assets. The Company earns trailing commission revenues primarily on mutual funds, annuities, and insurance products held by clients of the Company’s registered investment advisors.

Consulting, management, and account fees

Consulting, management, and account fees include risk management consulting fees which are billed and recognized as revenue on a monthly basis when risk management services are provided. Such agreements are generally for one year periods, but are generally cancelable by either party upon providing thirty days written notice to the other party and the amounts are not variable based on client trading activities.

Fee income for structuring and arrangement of debt transactions and management and investment advisory income is recorded when the services related to the underlying transactions are provided and success fees are recorded when complete, as determined under the terms of the assignment or engagement.

Consulting, management, and account fees also includes various charges related to securities clearing agreements with unaffiliated introducing-broker dealers such as transaction fees, annual account fees, service charges, servicing fees, platform fees, money market processing and distribution fees, and other correspondent clearing fees. The annual account fees such as IRA fees and distribution fees are recognized as earned over the term of the contract. The transaction fees are earned and collected from clients as trades are executed. Servicing fees such as omnibus fees are paid to the Company for marketing and administrative services and are recognized as earned.

Consulting, management, and account fees also includes fund management fees which are earned over the period in which services are rendered. The fund management fees earned are calculated monthly based upon an average of net assets under management in accordance with such investment management agreements.

Consulting, management, and account fees also includes asset management, or administration, fees generated from the Company’s registered investment advisor platform based upon the value of their advisory assets. Asset management, or administration, fees are generally billed to clients at the beginning of the quarter and are recognized as revenue ratably over the quarter. The majority of accounts are billed in advance using values as of the last business day of each calendar quarter. The market value of the assets in an account on the billing date determines the amount billed, and accordingly, the revenues earned in the following three month period.

Additionally, the Company earns fees generated in lieu of interest income from a multi-bank sweep program with unaffiliated banks. Pursuant to contractual arrangements with securities introducing-broker dealers, uninvested cash balances in the introducing -brokers client accounts are swept into either FDIC insured cash accounts at various banks or third-party money market funds for which the Company earns a portion of the interest income generated by the balances. The fees generated by the Company’s multi-bank sweep program are reported net of the balances remitted to the introducing-brokers and the clients of introducing-brokers.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis. Interest income is generated from client funds deposited with the Company to satisfy margin requirements which is held by banks or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations. Interest income is also generated from the investment of client funds in U.S. Treasury obligations. Interest income generated from client funds is reported gross of the interest remitted to the clients. Interest is also generated from trading fixed income securities that the Company holds in its market-making businesses. Interest income also includes interest generated from collateralized transactions, including securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell, and from extending margin loans to clients.

Revenue generally is recognized net of any taxes collected from clients and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Cost of Sales of Physical Commodities

Cost of sales of physical commodities include finished commodity or raw material and processing costs along with operating costs relating to the receipt, storage and delivery of the physical commodities. Cost of sales of physical commodities also includes changes in the fair value of agricultural commodity inventories held for sale, and related forward purchase and sale commitments and exchange-traded futures and options contracts.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is recognized on an accrual basis. As noted above, interest income is generated from client funds deposited with the Company to satisfy margin requirements which is held by banks or pledged to exchange-clearing organizations. Interest income is also generated from the investment of client funds in U.S. Treasury obligations. A portion of the interest income generated from these funds is remitted to the clients. Interest expense is also incurred on outstanding balances on the Company’s credit facilities. Interest expense is also incurred on fixed income securities sold, not yet purchased, that the Company holds in its market-marking businesses. Interest expense is also incurred from collateralized transactions, including securities loaned and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

Compensation and Benefits

Compensation and benefits consists primarily of salaries, incentive compensation, variable compensation, including commissions, related payroll taxes and employee benefits. The Company classifies employees as either risk management consultants / traders, operational or administrative personnel, which includes the executive officers. Variable compensation paid to risk management consultants and traders generally represents a fixed percentage of revenues generated, and in some cases, revenues produced less direct costs and an overhead allocation. The Company accrues commission expense on a trade-date basis.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with the guidance of the Compensation-Stock Compensation Topic of the ASC. The cost of employee services received in exchange for a share-based award is generally measured based on the grant-date fair value of the award. Share-based employee awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur in determining share-based employee compensation expense. For option awards granted, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award.

Transaction-Based Clearing Expenses

Clearing fees and related expenses include primarily variable expenses for clearing and settlement services, including fees the Company pays to executing brokers, exchanges, clearing organizations and banks. These fees are based on transaction volume, and recorded as expense on the trade date. Clearing fees are passed on to clients and are presented gross in the consolidated statements of income under the Revenue Recognition Topic of the ASC, as the Company acts as a principal for these transactions.

Introducing Broker Commissions

Introducing broker commissions include commissions paid to non-employee third parties that have introduced clients to the Company. Introducing brokers are individuals or organizations that maintain relationships with clients and accept futures and options orders from those clients. The Company directly provides all account, transaction and margining services to introducing brokers, including accepting money, securities and property from the clients. The commissions are determined and settled monthly.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense includes U.S. federal, state and local and foreign income taxes. Certain items of income and expense are not reported in tax returns and financial statements in the same year. The objectives of accounting for income taxes are to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method to provide income taxes on all transactions recorded in the consolidated financial statements. This method requires that income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities for book and tax purposes. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference is determined based on the tax rates that the Company expects to be in effect when the underlying items of income and expense are realized. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns, including the repatriation of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authority, based upon the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such a position is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. See Note 18 for further information on the Company’s income taxes.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under U.S. GAAP, are excluded from net income. Other comprehensive income (loss) includes net actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit pension plans and gains and losses on foreign currency translations.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue one million shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share, in one or more classes or series to be established by the Company’s board of directors. As of September 30, 2018 and 2017, no preferred shares were outstanding and the Company’s board of directors had not yet established any class or series of shares.

Accounting Standards Adopted

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions. Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement instead of additional paid in capital. ASU 2016-09 also provides entities with the option to elect an accounting policy to estimate forfeitures of share-based awards over the service period or account for forfeitures when they occur. Under ASU 2016-09, previously unrecognized excess tax benefits should be recognized using a modified retrospective transition. In addition, amendments requiring recognition of excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies in the income statement, as well as changes in the computation of weighted-average diluted shares outstanding, should be applied prospectively. ASU 2016-09 is effective for and was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2018 and the impact of the adoption resulted in the following:

• During the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized excess tax benefits from share-based compensation of $0.5 million within income tax expense on the consolidated income statement and within net income on the consolidated cash flow statement. Prior to adoption, the tax effect of share-based awards would have been recognized in additional paid-in-capital on the consolidated balance sheets and separately stated in the financing activities in the consolidated cash flow statements. The Company has elected to adopt this guidance prospectively.

• The Company has elected to account for forfeitures of share-based awards as they occur. The Company elected to account for forfeitures as they occur using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

• The excess tax benefits from the assumed proceeds available to repurchase shares were excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the year ended September 30, 2018. The Company has elected to adopt this guidance prospectively.

• For the year ended September 30, 2018, the Company has classified as a financing activity in the consolidated cash flow statement $0.8 million of cash paid to taxing authorities for restricted stock shares withheld to satisfy statutory income tax withholding obligations. The retrospective application of this guidance had no impact on the consolidated cash flow statements for the years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (Topic 330).” Under ASU

2015-11, inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out (FIFO), specific identification, or average cost methods should be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. This ASU does not impact inventory measurement under the last-in, first-out (LIFO) or retail inventory methods. The Company adopted this ASU prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”, which aims to improve the overall usefulness of disclosures to financial statement users and reduce unnecessary costs to companies when preparing fair value measurement disclosures. This ASU is effective for all entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Retrospective adoption is required except for changes in disclosures related to changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income for Level 3 instruments, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may early adopt eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the additional disclosure requirements until their effective date. In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company early adopted the eliminated disclosure requirements related to the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the timing of transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The early adoption of the eliminated disclosure requirements did not have a material impact on the Company’s fair value measurement disclosures included within Note 3.