18.

Financial instruments

Concentration of credit risk

The Company is subject to credit risk with respect to its cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled revenues, other receivables and advisor loans receivable. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents are limited by the use of multiple large and reputable banks. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables are limited due to the large number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different service lines in various countries.

Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is related to the portion of the Company’s business transactions denominated in currencies other than US dollars. A significant portion of revenue is generated by the Company’s Euro, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar and UK pound sterling currency operations. The Company’s head office expenses are incurred primarily in Canadian dollars which are hedged by Canadian dollar denominated revenue.

Fluctuations in foreign currencies impact the amount of total assets and liabilities that are reported for foreign subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts into US dollars. In particular, the amount of cash, working capital, goodwill and intangibles held by these subsidiaries is subject to translation variance caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period (the offset to which is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheets).

Interest rate risk

The Company utilizes an interest rate risk management strategy that

may

use interest rate hedging contracts from time to time. The Company’s specific goals are to: (i) manage interest rate sensitivity by modifying the characteristics of its debt and (ii) lower the long-term cost of its borrowed funds.

April 2017,

the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert the LIBOR floating interest rate on

$100,000

of US dollar denominated debt into a fixed interest rate of

1.897%

plus the applicable margin. The term of the swaps matched the maturity of the underlying Revolving Credit Facility at the time of inception, with a maturity of

January 18, 2022.

December 2018,

the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to convert the LIBOR floating interest rate on

$100,000

of US dollar denominated debt into a fixed interest rate of

2.7205%

plus the applicable margin. The term of the swaps match the maturity of the underlying Revolving Credit Facility, with a maturity of

April 30, 2023.

The swaps are being accounted for as cash flow hedges and are measured at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. Gains or losses on the swaps, which are determined to be effective as hedges, are reported in other comprehensive income.

Fair values of financial instruments

The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of

December 31, 2018:

	Carrying value at		Fair value measurements
	December 31, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Interest rate swap asset	$	926	$	-	$	926	$	-
Investments
Equity securities and funds	$	2,835	$	2,835	$	-	$	-
Fixed income and bond funds	$	4,101	$	185	$	3,916	$	-


Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability	$	93,865	$	-	$	-	$	93,865

There were

significant non-recurring fair value measurements recorded during the year ended

December 31, 2018

2017.

The inputs to the measurement of the fair value of contingent consideration related to acquisitions are Level

inputs. The fair value measurements were made using a discounted cash flow model; significant model inputs were expected future operating cash flows (determined with reference to each specific acquired business) and discount rates (which range from

9.1%,

with a weighted average of

6.1%

). The wide range of discount rates is attributable to level of risk related to economic growth factors combined with the length of the contingent payment periods; and the dispersion was driven by unique characteristics of the businesses acquired and the respective terms for these contingent payments. Within the range of discount rates, there is data point concentration at the

3.8%

and

8.7%

levels. A

increase in the weighted average discount rate would reduce the fair value of contingent consideration by

$4,800.

Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration liability comprises the following:

	2018			2017
Balance, January 1	$	50,300		$	32,266
Amounts recognized on acquisitions		61,525			21,477
Fair value adjustments (note 4)		1,675			1,054
Resolved and settled in cash		(18,757	)		(6,169	)
Other		(877	)		1,672
Balance, December 31	$	93,865		$	50,300

Less: current portion	$	17,122		$	18,657
Non-current portion	$	76,743		$	31,643

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair values due to the short maturity of these instruments, unless otherwise indicated. The carrying value of the pension liability is presented as the projected benefit obligation net of the fair value of the plan assets (note

). The inputs to the measurement of the fair value of non-current receivables, advisor loans and long-term debt are Level

inputs. The following are estimates of the fair values for other financial instruments:

	2018				2017
	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value

Other receivables	$	12,088	$	12,088	$	10,136	$	10,136
Advisor loans receivable (non-current)		46,661		46,661		44,978		44,978
Long-term debt (non-current)		670,289		670,289		247,467		247,467

Other receivables include notes receivable from non-controlling interests and non-current income tax recoverable.