Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Schedule of components of the Income tax (expense) benefit

Significant components of the Income tax (expense) benefit on earnings from continuing operations were as follows:



For the years ended December 31,	2018			2017			2016
Current:
United States	$	(32,861	)	$	28,091		$	2,285
Foreign	(92,275		)	(99,127		)	(69,609		)
State	(262		)	(400		)	(166		)
Total current	(125,398		)	(71,436		)	(67,490		)
Deferred:
United States	10,536			124,043			(2,226		)
Foreign	(18,137		)	27,216			32,786
State	(161		)	11,485			2,490
Total deferred	(7,762		)	162,744			33,050
Total income tax (expense) benefit	$	(133,160	)	$	91,308		$	(34,440	)

Schedule of components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities arising from continuing operations were as follows:



December 31,	2018			2017
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	597,286		$	674,088
Depreciation	81,999			99,455
Deferred revenue	56,004			56,651
Allowance for doubtful accounts	21,413			25,525
Deferred compensation	30,818			42,684
Unrealized loss	74,972			56,857
Nondeductible reserves	41,160			40,001
Interest	17,652			17,457
Other	—			923
Total deferred tax assets	921,304			1,013,641
Deferred tax liabilities:
Investment in subsidiaries	97,208			101,437
Amortization of intangible assets	253,147			295,410
Other	1,829			—
Total deferred tax liabilities	352,184			396,847
Net deferred tax assets	569,120			616,794
Valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets	(650,191		)	(711,767		)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(81,071	)	$	(94,973	)

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets were as follows:



For the years ended December 31,	2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	711,767		$	1,090,710		$	1,033,216
(Deductions) additions to costs and expenses	(23,814		)	(19,530		)	44,116
Charges to other accounts
Additions ^(a)	—			—			13,378
Deductions ^(b)	(37,762		)	(359,413		)	—
Balance at end of period	$	650,191		$	711,767		$	1,090,710

^(a) Charges to other accounts includes reclassifications and foreign currency translation.

^(b) Deductions include reclassifications and foreign currency translation, and TCJA-related adjustments described in the paragraph above.

Schedule of effective income tax rate reconciliation

The reconciliations of the reported Income tax (expense) benefit to the amount that would result by applying the United States federal statutory tax rate of 21% to income from continuing operations before income taxes were as follows:



For the years ended December 31,	2018			2017			2016
Tax (expense) benefit at the United States statutory rate	$	(26,971	)	$	24,718		$	(128,482	)
Permanent differences	21,704			(21,628		)	(21,636		)
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect	(335		)	(1,154		)	1,510
Tax effect of foreign income taxed at lower rate	16,843			34,652			71,347
Change in valuation allowance	(74,267		)	(111,856		)	(47,863		)
Effect of tax contingencies	4,985			10,980			26,610
Tax credits	13,688			19,829			19,399
Withholding taxes	(58,095		)	3,901			(26,163		)
U.S. tax on repatriated earnings	—			(875		)	(67,796		)
Impairments	(649		)	—			—
Sale of subsidiaries	—			—			139,335
Impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act:
Transition tax on unremitted earnings	—			(160,567		)	—
Tax effect of rate changes	—			82,392			—
Change in valuation allowance	9,354			201,946			—
State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect	(5,350		)	8,360			—
GILTI	(34,650		)	—			—
Other	583			610			(701		)
Total income tax (expense) benefit	$	(133,160	)	$	91,308		$	(34,440	)

Schedule of beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits

The reconciliations of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:



For the years ended December 31,	2018			2017			2016
Beginning of the period	$	82,906		$	82,852		$	77,179
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	4,379			5,997			12,812
Decreases for tax positions related to prior years	(1,541		)	(10,095		)	(3,440		)
Additions for tax positions related to current year	9,725			11,551			14,795
Decreases for unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse in the statute of limitations	(5,282		)	(7,355		)	(10,514		)
Settlements for tax positions related to prior years	(27,574		)	(44		)	(7,980		)
End of the period	$	62,613		$	82,906		$	82,852