Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The change in the net carrying amount of Goodwill from December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2018 was composed of the following items:



	Brazil			Mexico			Andean			Rest of World			Online & Partnerships		Other			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	501,055		$	480,985		$	253,911		$	88,802		$	459,786	$	2,015		$	1,786,554
Acquisitions	—			—			—			3,584			—		—			3,584
Dispositions	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Reclassification to Long-term assets held for sale	—			—			—			—			—		(2,015		)	(2,015		)
Impairments	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Currency translation adjustments	(7,682		)	22,388			18,270			6,312			954		—			40,242
Adjustments to prior acquisitions	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	493,373		$	503,373		$	272,181		$	98,698		$	460,740	$	—		$	1,828,365
Acquisitions	—			—			4,658			—			—		—			4,658
Dispositions	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Reclassification to Long-term assets held for sale	(15,165		)	—			—			—			—		—			(15,165		)
Impairments	—			—			—			(3,080		)	—		—			(3,080		)
Currency translation adjustments	(71,756		)	(5,154		)	(22,580		)	(8,199		)	—		—			(107,689		)
Adjustments to prior acquisitions	—			—			—			—			—		—			—
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	406,452		$	498,219		$	254,259		$	87,419		$	460,740	$	—		$	1,707,089

Other Intangible Assets

Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $5,780, $11,514 and $11,176 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and beyond is $3,264, $2,721, $2,415, $2,148, $1,921 and $12,960, respectively.

The following table summarizes our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2018:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Amortization Period (Yrs)
Subject to amortization:
Student rosters	$	69,540	$	(69,253	)	$	287	0.9
Other	57,933		(32,791		)	25,142		11.2
Not subject to amortization:
Tradenames	1,126,244		—			1,126,244		—
Total	$	1,253,717	$	(102,044	)	$	1,151,673

The following table summarizes our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2017:



	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Amortization Period (Yrs)
Subject to amortization:
Student rosters	$	80,564	$	(79,005	)	$	1,559	1.9
Other	65,970		(31,750		)	34,220		11.4
Not subject to amortization:
Tradenames	1,167,302		—			1,167,302		—
Total	$	1,313,836	$	(110,755	)	$	1,203,081

Impairment Tests

The following table summarizes the Loss on impairment of assets:



For the years ended December 31,	2018		2017		2016
Impairments of Goodwill	$	3,080	$	—	$	—
Impairments of Deferred costs and Other intangible assets, net	—		2,696		—
Impairments of long-lived assets	10,030		4,425		—
Total	$	13,110	$	7,121	$	—

We perform annual impairment tests of our non-amortizable intangible assets, which consist of Goodwill and Tradenames, in the fourth quarter of each year. The impairment charges discussed below were recorded to reduce the assets' carrying values to fair value.

For the purposes of our annual impairment testing of the Company's goodwill, fair value measurements were determined primarily using the income approach, based largely on inputs that are not observable to active markets, which would be deemed “Level 3” fair value measurements as defined in Note 21, Fair Value Measurement. These inputs include our expectations about future revenue growth and profitability, marginal income tax rates by jurisdiction, and the rate at which the cash flows should be discounted in order to determine this fair value estimate. Where a market approach is used, the inputs also include publicly available data about our competitors' financial ratios and transactions.

For purposes of our annual impairment testing of the Company’s indefinite-lived tradename assets, fair value measurements were determined using the income approach, based largely on inputs that are not observable to active markets, which would be deemed “Level 3” fair value measurements as defined in Note 21, Fair Value Measurement. These inputs include our expectations about future revenue growth and profitability, marginal income tax rates by jurisdiction, and the rate at which the cash flows should be discounted in order to determine the fair value estimate for indefinite-lived tradenames using a relief-from-royalty method. We use publicly available information and proprietary third-party arm’s length agreements that Laureate has entered into with various licensors in determining certain assumptions to assist us in estimating fair value using market participant assumptions.

2018 Loss on Impairment of Assets

University of Liverpool

Effective September 30, 2018, the University of Liverpool (Liverpool), an institution in our Online & Partnerships segment, elected not to renew its institutional partnership agreement and therefore the existing agreement will terminate in April 2021. Accordingly, Liverpool will stop enrolling new students and will begin a teach-out process that is expected to be completed in April 2021. As a result, during the third quarter of 2018 we recorded an impairment charge of $10,030 related to fixed assets of this entity that are no longer recoverable based on expected future cash flows. Since Liverpool does not meet the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale or a discontinued operation, its results are reported within continuing operations for all periods presented.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In connection with our goodwill impairment testing in the fourth quarter of 2018, we wrote off the remaining goodwill balance of $3,080 associated with our operations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in our Rest of World segment.

2017 Loss on Impairment of Assets

The 2017 impairment charges related to the impairment of a lease intangible, certain modular buildings and software development costs.