10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No. 000-22490

FORWARD AIR CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

		Tennessee		62-1120025
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)				(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1915 Snapps Ferry Road	Building N	Greeneville	TN	37745
(Address of principal executive offices)				(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (423) 636-7000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	FWRD	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No x

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, as of April 27, 2020 was 27,974,687.

Table of Contents
Forward Air Corporation
		Page
		Number
Part I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	5
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity – Three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – March 31, 2020	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	41
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	41
Part II.	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	41
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	43
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	43
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	43
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
Signatures		45

2

Part I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Forward Air Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	77,245	$	64,749
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $1,923 in 2020 and $2,101 in 2019	143,234		150,197
Other current assets	20,710		21,372
Total current assets	241,189		236,318
Property and equipment	426,375		426,737
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	216,621		213,706
Total property and equipment, net	209,754		213,031
Operating lease right-of-use assets	171,242		151,657
Goodwill and other acquired intangibles:
Goodwill	242,639		221,105
Other acquired intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $95,492 in 2020 and $91,879 in 2019	158,135		127,798
Total goodwill and other acquired intangibles, net	400,774		348,903
Other assets	43,277		40,969
Total assets	$	1,066,236	$	990,878
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	26,565	$	29,986
Accrued expenses	52,168		49,822
Other current liabilities	5,661		5,320
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	1,433		1,421
Current portion of operating lease obligations	57,501		50,615
Total current liabilities	143,328		137,164
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion	136,900		72,249
Operating lease obligations, less current portion	114,380		101,525
Other long-term liabilities	60,299		58,816
Deferred income taxes	45,488		43,942
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares - 50,000,000, Issued and outstanding shares - 27,678,521 in 2020 and 27,850,233 in 2019	277		279
Additional paid-in capital	230,135		226,869
Retained earnings	335,429		350,034
Total shareholders’ equity	565,841		577,182
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,066,236	$	990,878
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

3

Forward Air Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Operating revenue	$	342,509	$	321,471
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	160,134		144,014
Salaries, wages and employee benefits	86,672		76,362
Operating leases	23,564		19,173
Depreciation and amortization	10,629		10,827
Insurance and claims	11,770		9,371
Fuel expense	5,340		5,608
Other operating expenses	32,698		31,382
Total operating expenses	330,807		296,737
Income from operations	11,702		24,734
Other expense:
Interest expense	853		575
Other, net	—		1
Total other expense	853		576
Income before income taxes	10,849		24,158
Income tax expense	2,474		5,751
Net income and comprehensive income	$	8,375	$	18,407
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.30	$	0.64
Diluted	$	0.30	$	0.64
Dividends per share:	$	0.18	$	0.18

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

4

Forward Air Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$	8,375		$	18,407
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	10,629			10,827
Change in fair value of earn-out liability	(594		)	—
Share-based compensation	3,266			3,047
Gain on disposal of property and equipment, net	(38		)	(61		)
(Recovery of) provision for loss on receivables	(180		)	629
Provision for revenue adjustments	1,041			540
Deferred income tax expense	1,545			836
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	6,102			4,567
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	907			2,699
Income taxes	1,519			4,631
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(3,406		)	(4,596		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	29,166			41,526
Investing activities:
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment	750			407
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,172		)	(4,090		)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(55,931		)	—
Other	—			(6		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(58,353		)	(3,689		)
Financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligations	(336		)	(68		)
Proceeds from senior credit facility	65,000			—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	—			830
Payments of cash dividends	(5,050		)	(5,189		)
Repurchase of common stock (repurchase program)	(15,259		)	(14,181		)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(2,672		)	(2,721		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	41,683			(21,329		)
Net increase in cash	12,496			16,508
Cash at beginning of period	64,749			25,657
Cash at end of period	$	77,245		$	42,165

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

5

Forward Air Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2019	27,850		$	279		$	226,869		$	350,034		$	577,182
Net income and comprehensive income	—		—			—			8,375			8,375
Share-based compensation	—		—			3,266			—			3,266
Dividends ($0.18 per share)	—		—			2			(5,052		)	(5,050		)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(42	)	—			—			(2,672		)	(2,672		)
Share repurchases	(268	)	(3		)	—			(15,256		)	(15,259		)
Vesting of previously non-vested shares	139		1			(2		)	—			(1		)
Balance at March 31, 2020	27,679		$	277		$	230,135		$	335,429		$	565,841

	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Total Shareholders' Equity
	Shares		Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	28,535		$	285		$	210,296	$	342,663		$	553,244
Net income and comprehensive income	—		—			—		18,407			18,407
Other	—		2			—		—			2
Exercise of stock options	18		—			830		—			830
Share-based compensation	—		—			3,047		—			3,047
Dividends ($0.18 per share)	—		—			1		(5,190		)	(5,189		)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(44	)	(1		)	—		(2,720		)	(2,721		)
Share repurchases	(230	)	(2		)	—		(14,179		)	(14,181		)
Vesting of previously non-vested shares	136		—			—		—			—
Balance at March 31, 2019	28,415		$	284		$	214,174	$	338,981		$	553,439
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

6

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

1.    Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Forward Air Corporation ("the Company", "We", "Our") is a leading asset-light freight and logistics company. Forward Air Corporation's services are classified into three principal reportable segments: Expedited Freight, Intermodal and Pool Distribution ("Pool") (See Note 13).

Through the Expedited Freight segment, the Company operates a comprehensive national network to provide expedited regional, inter-regional and national less-than-truckload ("LTL") services. Expedited Freight offers customers local pick-up and delivery and other services including final mile, truckload, shipment consolidation and deconsolidation, warehousing, customs brokerage and other handling.

The Company's Intermodal segment provides first- and last-mile high value intermodal container drayage services both to and from seaports and railheads. Intermodal also offers dedicated contract and container freight station ("CFS") warehouse and handling services. Today, Intermodal operates primarily in the Midwest and Southeast, with a smaller operational presence in the Southwest United States.

In the Pool segment, the Company provides high-frequency handling and distribution of time sensitive product to numerous destinations within a specific geographic region. The Company offers this service throughout the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest and Southwest United States.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The Company’s operating results are subject to seasonal trends (as described in the Company's 2019 Form 10-K) when measured on a quarterly basis; therefore operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Forward Air Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include Forward Air Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In particular, management has made estimates and assumptions related to the impact of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") on its business. COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. To help lessen its spread, many countries have implemented travel restrictions and/or required companies to limit or suspend business operations. These actions have disrupted supply chains and company operations around the world. The current environment resulting from COVID-19 is unprecedented and comes with a great deal of uncertainty as discussed further throughout this document.

2.    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss methodology previously employed to measure credit losses for most financial assets and requires the use of a forward-looking expected loss model. Under current accounting guidance, credit losses are recognized when it is probable a loss has been incurred. The updated guidance will require financial assets to be measured at amortized costs less a reserve, equal to the net amount expected

7

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

to be collected. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020, which resulted in the Company revising its allowance for doubtful accounts policy on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

The Company has a broad range of customers, including freight forwarders, third-party logistics (“3PL”) companies, passenger and cargo airlines, steamship lines, and retailers, located across a diverse geography. In addition, the Company does not have a significant concentration of credit risk; no single customer accounts for more than 10% of its consolidated revenue. In circumstances in which the Company is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company (for example, bankruptcy filings, accounts turned over for collection, or litigation), the Company records a specific reserve for these bad debts against amounts due, in order to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes a general reserve based on a percentage of revenue to ensure accounts receivables are properly recorded at the net amount expected to be collected. Management evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivables at least quarterly and sets the reserve based on historical and current collection history and reasonable and supportable forecasts about any expected changes to our collection experience in the future due to changing economic conditions. If circumstances change (i.e., the Company experiences higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to the Company), the estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to the Company could be changed by a material amount. Accounts are written off after all means of collection, including legal action, have been exhausted.

3.     Revenue

The Company's revenue is generated from providing transportation and related services to customers in accordance with contractual agreements, bill of lading ("BOL") contracts and general tariff provisions. Related services include accessorial charges such as terminal handling, storage, equipment rentals and customs brokerage. These services are distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Generally, the Company's performance obligations begin when a customer's BOL is received and are satisfied when the delivery of a shipment and related services are completed. The Company generally recognizes revenue for its services over time to coincide with when its customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of these services. Performance obligations are short-term with transit days typically less than a week. Upon delivery of a shipment or related service, customers are billed and remit payment according to payment terms.

The Company's revenue from contracts with customers is disclosed within three reportable segments: Expedited Freight, Intermodal and Pool. This is consistent with disclosures in earnings releases and annual reports and with the information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for evaluating financial performance. See additional discussion in Note 13, Segment Reporting.

4.    Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets

Expedited Freight Acquisitions

As part of the Company's strategy to expand final mile pickup and delivery operations, in January 2020, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Linn Star Holdings, Inc., Linn Star Transfer, Inc. and Linn Star Logistics, LLC (collectively, “Linn Star”) for $57,239. This acquisition increased the Company's Final Mile capabilities with an additional 20 locations. In addition, in April 2019, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of FSA Network, Inc., doing business as FSA Logistix (“FSA”), for $27,000 and a potential earnout of up to $15,000. Both transactions were funded using cash flows from operations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been assigned to the Expedited Freight reportable segment.

The FSA acquisition agreement provides the sellers an earnout opportunity of up to $15,000 based on the achievement of certain revenue milestones over two one-year periods, beginning May 1, 2019. Upon acquisition, the fair value of the earn-out liability was $11,803 and is included in other current and long-term liabilities in the opening condensed consolidated balance sheet. The earn-out liability was classified as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“the FASB Codification”) and the value was determined based on estimated revenues and the probability of achieving them. The fair value was based on the two-year performance of FSA's

8

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

acquired customer revenue and was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The initial weighted average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation are summarized in the following table:

	FSA Earn-out
	April 21, 2019	December 31, 2019	March 31, 2020
Risk-free rate	2.9%	2.2%	4.5%
Revenue discount rate	4.4%	4.4%	3.1%
Revenue volatility	3.0%	5.0%	6.0%

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the earn-out fair value decreased $594 to $11,176, $5,661 of which is classified as a current liability. The change in fair value is included in other operating expenses and is based on changes in expected cash flows. As of March 31, 2020, the expected total earn-out to be paid was $12,583. The current portion of the earn-out is expected to be paid in the second quarter of 2020.

Intermodal Acquisitions

As part of the Company's strategy to expand its Intermodal operations, in July 2019, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of O.S.T. Logistics, Inc. and O.S.T. Trucking Co., Inc. (together referred to as “OST”) for $12,000. OST is a drayage company and expanded the Company's intermodal footprint on the East Coast, primarily in Baltimore, Maryland, with additional locations in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia. This transaction was funded using cash flows from operations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of the acquisition have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been included in the Intermodal reportable segment.

9

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

Allocations of Purchase Price

The following table presents the allocations of the previously discussed acquisition purchase prices to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values and resulting residual goodwill (in thousands):

	FSA		OST		Linn Star
	April 21, 2019		July 14, 2019		January 12, 2020
Tangible assets:
Cash	$	202	$	—	$	1,308
Other receivables	1,491		—		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		—		1,182
Property and equipment	40		10,371		605
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total tangible assets	4,942		12,043		13,106
Intangible assets:
Non-compete agreements	900		850		650
Customer relationships	17,900		5,700		33,300
Goodwill	19,963		2,050		21,534
Total intangible assets	38,763		8,600		55,484
Total assets acquired	43,705		20,643		68,590
Liabilities assumed:
Current liabilities	8,466		—		1,340
Other liabilities	5,030		—		—
Debt and finance lease obligations	—		6,971		—
Operating lease obligations	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total liabilities assumed	16,705		8,643		11,351
Net assets acquired	$	27,000	$	12,000	$	57,239

The above purchase price allocations are preliminary as the Company is still in the process of finalizing the valuation of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed. The above estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date through the date of this filing. The acquired definite-lived intangible assets have the following useful lives:

	Useful Lives
	FSA	OST	Linn Star
Non-compete agreements	5 years	3 years	1 year
Customer relationships	15 years	10 years	15 years

The fair value of the non-compete agreements and customer relationships were estimated using an income approach (level 3). Under this method, an intangible asset's fair value is equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows (excess earnings) attributable solely to the intangible asset over its remaining useful life. To estimate fair value, the Company used cash flows discounted at rates considered appropriate given the inherent risks associated with each type of asset. The Company believed the level and timing of cash flows appropriately reflected market participant assumptions. Cash flows were assumed to extend through the remaining economic useful life of each class of intangible asset.

10

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

Goodwill

Goodwill is allocated to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business combinations generating the goodwill. The Company has five reporting units - Expedited LTL, Truckload, Final Mile, Intermodal and Pool. The Company conducted its annual impairment assessments and tests of goodwill for each reporting unit as of June 30, 2019 and no impairment charges were required.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company performed a qualitative assessment and evaluated if indicators of an impairment exist, especially considering the impact from COVID-19. While the Company's business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, specifically its Pool business, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the carrying value of any of its reporting units exceeds its fair value. The Company expects the second quarter of 2020 to also be negatively impacted by COVID-19, with a slow sequential recovery in the second half of the year, but does not believe these short-term disruptions to the business have significantly reduced the Company's long-term cash flows such that any of its reporting units' fair values are below its carrying values. As a result, as of March 31, 2020, no goodwill impairments were identified.

The following is a summary of the Company's goodwill as of March 31, 2020. Approximately $163,496 of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

	Beginning balance, December 31, 2019			Linn Star Acquisition		Ending balance, March 31, 2020
Expedited LTL
Goodwill	$	97,593		$	—	$	97,593
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Truckload
Goodwill	45,164			—		45,164
Accumulated Impairment	(25,686		)	—		(25,686		)
Final Mile
Goodwill	19,963			21,534		41,497
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Intermodal
Goodwill	78,665			—		78,665
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Pool Distribution
Goodwill	12,359			—		12,359
Accumulated Impairment	(6,953		)	—		(6,953		)
Total
Goodwill	253,744			21,534		275,278
Accumulated Impairment	(32,639		)	—		(32,639		)
	$	221,105		$	21,534	$	242,639

Other Long-Lived Assets

The Company tests its long-lived assets (asset groups) for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Management evaluates long-lived assets for impairment at the lowest level for which cashflows are identifiable. In general, these assets are reviewed at the reporting unit level, discussed above, by significant

11

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

asset category. Examples of significant asset categories include land, buildings, tractors, trailers, other equipment, leasehold improvements, right-of-use lease assets, customer relationships, non-compete agreements, software and inventory.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company evaluated if indicators of an impairment exist, especially considering the impact from COVID-19. As discussed above, although the Company's business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, the Company does not believe these short-term disruptions to the business have significantly reduced the Company's long-term cash flows. As such, of March 31, 2020, the Company believes all of its assets were recoverable and no impairments to the Company's long-lived assets were identified.

5.    Share-Based Payments

The Company’s general practice has been to make a single annual grant of share-based compensation in the first quarter to key employees and to make other employee grants only in connection with new employment or promotions.  Forms of share-based compensation granted to employees by the Company include stock options, non-vested shares of common stock (“non-vested shares”), and performance shares.  The Company also typically makes a single annual grant of non-vested shares to non-employee directors in conjunction with the annual election of non-employee directors to the Board of Directors. Share-based compensation is based on the grant date fair value of the instrument and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, or vesting period.  All share-based compensation expense is recognized in salaries, wages and employee benefits.

Employee Activity - Stock Options

Stock option grants to employees generally expire seven years from the grant date and typically vest ratably over a three-year period.  All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred. The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of options granted.  There were no options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The weighted-average fair value of options granted and assumptions used to estimate their fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020
Expected dividend yield	1.1		%
Expected stock price volatility	24.1		%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.5		%
Expected life of options (years)	5.9
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	14.79

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee stock option activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
							Weighted-
			Weighted-				Average
			Average		Aggregate		Remaining
			Exercise		Intrinsic		Contractual
	Options		Price		Value		Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	431		$	53
Granted	36		66
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(2	)	60
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	465		$	54	$	3,017	4.1
Exercisable at March 31, 2020	330		$	51	$	3,364	3.5

12

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for options	$	327	$	439
Tax benefit for option compensation	$	75	$	105
Unrecognized compensation cost for options	$	1,671	$	2,768
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	1.7

Employee Activity - Non-vested Shares

The fair value of non-vested shares issued was estimated using the closing market prices for the business day of the grant. The share-based compensation for the nonvested shares is recognized ratably over the requisite service period or vesting period, which is a three-year period.  All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	277		$	58
Granted	117		66
Vested	(104	)	67
Forfeited	(6	)	62
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	284		$	63	$	17,758

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	1,938	$	2,042
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	442	$	486
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	13,963	$	15,251
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.2

Employee Activity - Performance Shares

The Company annually grants performance shares to key employees.  Under the terms of the performance share agreements, following the end of a three-year performance period, the Company may issue to these employees a calculated number of common stock shares if certain performance targets are met. For shares granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, 50% of the performance share issuances will be based on meeting three-year earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") per share targets and the remaining 50% of the performance share issuances will be based on the three-year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") as compared to the TSR of a selected peer group. All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

Depending upon the EBITDA per share targets met, 0% to 200% of the granted shares may ultimately be issued. For shares granted based on total shareholder return, 0% of the shares will be issued if the Company's total shareholder return outperforms 25% or

13

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

less of the peer group, but 200% of the shares will be issued if the Company's total shareholder return performs better than 90% of the peer group.  

The fair value of the performance shares granted based on meeting EBITDA per share targets were estimated using the closing market prices on the day of grant and the probability of meeting these targets as of the measurement date. The fair value of the performance shares granted based on the three-year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following table contains the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance shares granted using the Monte Carlo simulation. These assumptions are subjective and changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Expected stock price volatility	23.5	%	23.4	%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.4	%	2.5	%

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee performance share activity, assuming median share awards, and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Performance		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	62		$	62
Granted	40		69
Additional shares awarded based on performance	13		51
Vested	(35	)	51
Forfeited	(4	)	66
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	76		$	67	$	5,135

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for performance shares	$	740	$	348
Tax benefit for performance share compensation	$	169	$	83
Unrecognized compensation cost for performance shares	$	3,695	$	2,806
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.5

Employee Activity – Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which has been approved by shareholders, the Company is authorized to issue up to a remaining 350 shares of common stock to employees of the Company. These shares may be issued at a price equal to 90% of the lesser of the market value on the first day or the last day of each six-month purchase period. Common stock purchases are paid for through periodic payroll deductions and/or up to two large lump sum contributions. There were no shares issued during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

14

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

Non-employee Director Activity - Non-vested Shares

In May 2006, the Company’s shareholders approved the Company’s 2006 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”). The Company’s shareholders then approved the Company’s Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “Amended Plan”) on May 22, 2007. The Amended Plan was then further amended and restated on December 17, 2008. Under the Amended Plan, on the first business day after each Annual Meeting of Shareholders, each non-employee director will automatically be granted an award (the “Annual Grant”), in such form and size as the Board determines from year to year. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, Annual Grants will become vested and nonforfeitable on the earlier of (a) the day immediately prior to the first Annual Meeting that occurs after the Grant Date or (b) the first anniversary of the Grant Date so long as the non-employee director’s service with the Company does not earlier terminate. Each director may elect to defer receipt of the shares under a non-vested share award until the director terminates service on the Board of Directors. If a director elects to defer receipt, the Company will issue deferred stock units to the director, which do not represent actual ownership in shares and the director will not have voting rights or other incidents of ownership until the shares are issued. However, the Company will credit the director with dividend equivalent payments in the form of additional deferred stock units for each cash dividend payment made by the Company. All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

In May 2016, with the approval of shareholders, the Company further amended the Amended Plan to reserve for issuance an additional 160 common shares, increasing the total number of reserved common shares under the Amended Plan to 360. As of March 31, 2020, there were approximately 116 shares remaining available for grant.

The following tables summarize the Company’s non-employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
		Weighted-
		Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested	Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares	Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	16	$	62
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	16	$	62	$	990

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	261	$	218
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	60	$	52
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	106	$	142
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	0.1

6.    Senior Credit Facility

On September 29, 2017, the Company entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $150,000, with a sublimit of $30,000 for letters of credit and a sublimit of $30,000 for swing line loans. The Facility may be increased by up to $100,000 to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $250,000 pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, subject to the lenders’ agreement to increase their commitments or the addition of new lenders extending such commitments. Such increases to the Facility may be in the form of additional revolving credit loans, term loans or a combination thereof, and are contingent upon there being no events of default under the Facility and satisfaction of other conditions precedent and are subject to the other limitations set forth in the credit agreement.

15

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

The Facility is scheduled to mature in September 2022 and may be used to refinance existing indebtedness of the Company and for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. The Facility refinanced the Company’s obligations for its unsecured credit facility under the credit agreement dated as of February 4, 2015, as amended, which was terminated as of the date of the new Facility.

Unless the Company elects otherwise under the credit agreement, interest on borrowings under the Facility is based on the highest of (a) the federal funds rate (not less than 0%) plus 0.5%, (b) the administrative agent's prime rate and (c) the LIBOR Rate plus 1.0%, in each case plus a margin that can range from 0.3% to 0.8% with respect to the Facility depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as set forth in the credit agreement. Payments of interest for each loan that is based on the LIBOR Rate are due in arrears on the last day of the interest period applicable to such loan (with interest periods of one, two or three months being available, at the Company’s option). Payments of interest on loans that are not based on the LIBOR Rate are due on the last day of each quarter ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year. All unpaid amounts of principal and interest are due at maturity. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $132,500 in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility, $13,970 utilized for outstanding letters of credit and $3,530 of available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility.  The interest rate on the outstanding borrowing under the revolving credit facility was 2.3% as of March 31, 2020.

The Facility contains customary events of default including, among other things, payment defaults, breach of covenants, cross acceleration to material indebtedness, bankruptcy-related defaults, material judgment defaults, and the occurrence of certain change of control events. The occurrence of an event of default may result in, among other things, the termination of the Facilities, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the lenders with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries that are party to the Facility. The Facility also contains financial covenants and other covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, without the approval of the required lenders, to engage in certain mergers, consolidations, asset sales, dividends and stock repurchases, investments, and other transactions or to incur liens or indebtedness in excess of agreed thresholds, as set forth in the credit agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the aforementioned covenants.

7.    Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net income and comprehensive income	$	8,375		$	18,407
Income allocated to participating securities	(67		)	(208		)
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share - net income	$	8,308		$	18,199
Denominator:
Denominator for basic income per share - weighted-average shares	27,846			28,530
Effect of dilutive stock options	55			76
Effect of dilutive performance shares	47			42
Denominator for diluted income per share - adjusted weighted-average shares	27,948			28,648
Basic net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64
Diluted net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64

The number of instruments that could potentially dilute net income per basic share in the future, but that were not included in the computation of net income per diluted share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, are as follows:

16

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019
Anti-dilutive stock options	203	195
Anti-dilutive performance shares	24	8
Anti-dilutive non-vested shares and deferred stock units	75	—
Total anti-dilutive shares	302	203

8.    Income Taxes

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and Canada. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or Canadian examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the effective income tax rates varied from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily as a result of the effect of state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, and permanent differences between book and tax net income. The combined federal and state effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 22.8% compared to a rate of 23.8% for the same period in 2019.  The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily the result of a refund for Tennessee tax credits and increased stock based compensation vesting as a percentage of income before income taxes. This was partially offset by increased executive compensation as a percentage of income before income taxes, which was not deductible for income tax purposes.

9.     Leases

A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An entity controls the use of the identified asset if both of the following are true: (1) the entity obtains the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and (2) the entity has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company leased facilities and equipment under operating and finance leases, which were accounted for in accordance with ASU 2016-02, Leases.

The Company elected the practical expedients as allowed per this guidance to combine lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, after the consideration of options, off the balance sheet. Additionally, variable lease and variable nonlease components were not contemplated in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and corresponding liability.

For leases and subleases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company recorded the related right-of-use asset as the balance of the related lease liability, adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments. Unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives were not significant as of March 31, 2020. The lease liability was recorded at the present value of the lease payments over the term. Many of the Company's leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options that were contemplated in the determination of lease payments when appropriate. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was not reasonably certain of exercising any renewal options. Further, as of March 31, 2020, it was reasonably certain that all termination options would not be exercised. As such, there were no adjustments made to its right-of-use lease assets or corresponding liabilities as a result. In addition, the Company does not have any leases with residual value guarantees or material restrictions or covenants as of March 31, 2020.

For these leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, after the consideration of options, the Company recognized the corresponding lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating Leases

The Company leases some of its facilities under noncancelable operating leases that expire in various years through 2026. Certain leases may be renewed for periods varying from 1 to 10 years.  In conjunction with the acquisition of Linn Star in January 2020,

17

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

discussed further in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets, the Company assumed operating facility leases that expire in various years through 2025 and had a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of approximately $10,011 at acquisition.

The Company has also historically entered into or assumed through acquisition several equipment operating leases for assets including tractors, straight trucks and trailers with original lease terms between 2 and 6 years.  These leases expire in various years through 2028 and certain leases may be renewed for periods varying from 1 to 3 years.  The Company did not enter into any material equipment leases outside the normal course of business during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has certain obligations to lease tractors, which will be delivered throughout 2020. These leases are expected to have terms of approximately 3 to 4 years and are not expected to materially impact the Company's right-of-use lease assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2020.

Finance Leases

Primarily through acquisitions, the Company assumed equipment leases that met the criteria for classification as a finance lease with remaining lease terms between 2 and 7 years. These leases expire in various years through 2025 with no options to renew.  The finance leased equipment is being amortized over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. The Company did not enter into any new finance leases during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

10.    Financial Instruments

Off Balance Sheet Risk

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $13,970.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

Accounts receivable and accounts payable: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value based on their short-term nature.

Revolving credit facility: The Company’s revolving credit facility bears variable interest rates plus additional basis points based upon covenants related to total indebtedness to earnings.  As the revolving credit facility bears a variable interest rate, the carrying value approximates fair value.

The fair value estimates of earn-outs are discussed in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets.

Using interest rate quotes and discounted cash flows, the Company estimated the fair value of its outstanding finance lease obligations as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Finance leases	$	5,979	$	6,149

The carrying value of the finance lease obligations are included within the Equipment section of Property and equipment on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company's fair value estimates for the above financial instruments are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in the FASB Codification.

18

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

11.    Shareholders' Equity

During each quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share of common stock. The Company expects to continue to pay regular quarterly cash dividends, though each subsequent quarterly dividend is subject to review and approval by the Board of Directors.

On July 21, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase authorization for up to 3,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the "2016 Repurchase Plan"). On February 5, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors canceled the Company’s 2016 Repurchase Plan and approved a new stock repurchase plan authorizing up to 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2019 Repurchase Plan”) that shall remain in effect until such time as the shares authorized for repurchase are exhausted or the plan is canceled.  The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares and may suspend or cancel the plan at any time. The Company does not expect to repurchase any shares under this plan during the second quarter of 2020.

The following tables summarize the Company's share repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020					March 31, 2019
	Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share		Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share
2016 Repurchase Plan	—	$	—	$	—	68	$	3,850	$	56.97
2019 Repurchase Plan	268	15,259		56.93		162	10,331		63.66
Total	268	$	15,259	$	56.93	230	$	14,181	$	61.69

As of March 31, 2020, 3,887 shares were available to be purchased under the 2019 Plan.

12.    Commitments and Contingencies

Self-Insurance Reserves

From time to time, the Company is party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to and arising in the normal course of business.  The Company does not believe that any of these pending actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The primary claims in the Company’s business relate to workers’ compensation, property damage, vehicle liability and employee medical benefits. Most of the Company’s insurance coverage provides for self-insurance levels with primary and excess coverage which management believes is sufficient to adequately protect the Company from catastrophic claims. Such insurance coverage above the applicable self-insurance levels continues to be an important part of the Company's risk management process.

In the opinion of management, adequate provision has been made for all incurred claims up to the self-insured limits, including provision for estimated claims incurred but not reported. The Company is responsible for the first $7,500 per incident until it meets the $6,000 aggregate deductible for incidents resulting in claims between $3,000 and $5,000 and the $2,500 aggregate deductible for incidents resulting in claims between $5,000 and $10,000. Due to the uncertainty of the ultimate resolution of outstanding claims, as well as uncertainty regarding claims incurred but not reported, it is possible that management’s provision for these losses could change materially in the near term. However, no estimate can currently be made of the range of additional loss that is at least reasonably possible.

Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had commitments to purchase forklifts and trailer rollerbeds for approximately $2,508 during 2020.

13.    Segment Reporting

19

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

The Company operates in three reportable segments based on information available to and used by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM").  This classification is consistent with how the CODM makes decisions about resource allocation and assesses the Company's performance. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on income from operations.  The Company’s business is conducted in the U.S. and Canada.

Expedited Freight operates a comprehensive national network to provide expedited regional, inter-regional and national LTL services and offers customers local pick-up and delivery and other services including final mile, truckload, shipment consolidation and deconsolidation, warehousing, customs brokerage and other handling. Included within the $251,158 of Expedited Freight revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were defined services including Network revenue of $152,010, Truckload revenue of $45,058, Final Mile revenue of $47,802 and other revenue of $6,288. Intermodal primarily provides first- and last-mile high value intermodal container drayage services both to and from seaports and railheads. Pool Distribution provides high-frequency handling and distribution of time sensitive product to numerous destinations.

Except for certain insurance activity, the accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 of the Forward Air Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. For workers compensation and vehicle claims, each segment is charged an insurance premium and is also charged a deductible that corresponds with each segment's individual self-retention limit. However, any losses beyond these deductibles and any loss development factors applied to outstanding claims as a result of actuary analysis are not passed to the segments, but recorded at the corporate level ("Eliminations & other").

Segment data includes intersegment revenues and shared costs.  Costs of the corporate headquarters, shared services and shared assets, such as trailers, are allocated to the segments based on usage. The cost basis of shared assets are not allocated. Instead, the cost basis for the majority of shared assets, such as trailers, are included in Expedited Freight.  

20

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

The following tables summarize segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	250,673	$	52,455	$	39,382		$	(1	)	$	342,509
Intersegment revenues	485		5		42			(532		)	—
Depreciation	4,858		1,053		1,097			8			7,016
Amortization	1,788		1,568		257			—			3,613
Share-based compensation expense	2,667		389		188			22			3,266
Interest expense	3		54		—			796			853
Income (loss) from operations	14,698		3,713		(3,562		)	(3,147		)	11,702
Total assets	773,917		213,060		98,254			(18,995		)	1,066,236
Capital expenditures	2,405		246		521			—			3,172
	Three months ended March 31, 2019 (As Adjusted)
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	222,278	$	54,097	$	45,096		$	—		$	321,471
Intersegment revenues	705		18		89			(812		)	—
Depreciation	6,532		469		1,315			—			8,316
Amortization	847		1,407		257			—			2,511
Share-based compensation expense	2,169		531		182			165			3,047
Interest expense	1		13		—			561			575
Income (loss) from operations	20,388		6,181		1,251			(3,086		)	24,734
Total assets	641,525		182,489		102,678			(41,115		)	885,577
Capital expenditures	2,237		73		1,780			—			4,090

14.    Subsequent Events

Senior Credit Facility

On April 16, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment ("the First Amendment") to its five-year senior unsecured credit facility established pursuant to its Credit Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and among the Company and Forward Air, Inc., as borrowers, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and lender, U.S. Bank, National Association, as lender, and the other lenders party thereto (as amended by the First Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”).

The First Amendment:

• increased the size of the revolving credit facility from $150,000 to $225,000;

• amended the base interest rate (which cannot be less than 3.00%) to be based on the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the Bank of America prime rate; and (c) the LIBOR Rate (which cannot be less than 1.00%) published by Bloomberg (or if such published rate is not available, such other rate as determined by the administrative agent) plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin that can range from 0.250% to 0.750% depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, calculated as set forth in the Credit Agreement; and

• increased the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans and letter of credit fees to a range of 2.250% to 2.750% and the commitment fee to a range of 0.375% to 0.425%, in each case depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded

21

Forward Air Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2020

indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, calculated as set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The facility maturity date was not amended. The proceeds from the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of April 16, 2020, a total of $146,000 out of an available $225,000 was outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

Board Approved Divestiture of Pool Segment

On April 23, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors ("the Board") approved a strategy to divest the Company's Pool Distribution business. This represents a strategic shift for the Company that will have a major effect on its operations and financial results. The Company is currently exploring all options to divest of these assets, but has not entered into a material definitive agreement to sell these assets as of the date of this report. However, the Company does believe it is probable that these assets will be divested of within a year of receiving this authority from the Board. As a result, the Company will begin reporting Pool as a Discontinued Operation starting with the second quarter of 2020.

22

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Overview and Executive Summary

Forward Air Corporation is a leading asset-light freight and logistics company. Our services are classified into three reportable segments: Expedited Freight, Intermodal and Pool Distribution.

Through the Expedited Freight segment, we operate a comprehensive national network to provide expedited regional, inter-regional and national LTL services. Expedited Freight offers customers local pick-up and delivery and other services including final mile, truckload, shipment consolidation and deconsolidation, warehousing, customs brokerage and other handling. We plan to grow our LTL and final mile geographic footprints through greenfield start-ups as well as acquisitions.

Our Intermodal segment provides first- and last-mile high value intermodal container drayage services both to and from seaports and railheads. Intermodal also offers dedicated contract and container freight station ("CFS") warehouse and handling services. Today, Intermodal operates primarily in the Midwest and Southeast, with smaller operational presence in Southwest and Mid-Atlantic United States. We plan to grow Intermodal’s geographic footprint through acquisitions as well as greenfield start-ups where we do not have an acceptable acquisition target.

In our Pool Distribution segment, we provide high-frequency handling and distribution of time sensitive product to numerous destinations within a specific geographic region. We offer this service throughout the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest and Southwest United States.

Our operations, particularly our network of hubs and terminals, represent substantial fixed costs. Consequently, our ability to increase our earnings depends in significant part on our ability to increase the amount of freight and the revenue per pound for the freight shipped through our networks and to grow other services, such as LTL pickup and delivery, final mile solutions and intermodal services, which will allow us to maintain revenue growth in challenging shipping environments. In addition, we are continuing to execute synergies across our services, particularly with service offerings in the Expedited Freight segment. Synergistic opportunities include the ability to share resources, particularly our fleet resources.

Trends and Developments

Impact of COVID-19

COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. To help lessen its spread, many countries have implemented travel restrictions and/or required companies to limit or suspend business operations. These actions have disrupted supply chains and company operations around the world. The current environment resulting from COVID-19 is unprecedented and comes with a great deal of uncertainty.

The Forward Air team is actively managing through the COVID-19 pandemic, with a paramount focus on team member and customer safety. Given our modal exposures to air freight, ocean freight and physical retail, the impact of COVID-19 presents a meaningful challenge that we are addressing through our asset-light business model.

In Expedited Freight, our networks remain fully operational. Our LTL terminals are open and we are actively lowering purchased transportation and labor costs in response to reduced volumes from our forwarder and airline customers. Much of the freight that typically moves through our LTL network is not classified as “essential goods” - such as staples, consumables or consumer packaged goods. As such, we are adversely impacted by the numerous stay-at-home orders being issued throughout the country to combat COVID-19. In addition, declining fuel prices have resulted in decreased fuel surcharge revenue as compared to prior periods.

Despite these headwinds, we are making key investments that we believe will enable us to emerge from this episode as a stronger LTL competitor (amid a potentially reduced field of service providers). Our owner-operator fleet is the best it has ever been, which helped reduce our use of brokered power to approximately 5.0% of miles in the first quarter of 2020. Our Truckload team is becoming more integrated in our LTL operations, and our Truckload brokerage group is growing by generating opportunities amid supply chain disruptions. We are also integrating Final Mile into our LTL operations while organically growing in an environment where more heavy-bulky items are being ordered online.

COVID-19 has impacted our Intermodal business, which is facing reduced volumes from lower Asian imports amid reduced US demand, blank sailings and port congestion driven by container imbalances. Our Intermodal network is fully functional with all

23

terminals open and we are actively lowering purchase transportation and labor costs to address the volume declines. At the same time, we continue to pursue acquisition opportunities along our M&A pipeline as well as greenfield opportunities, including a recent location we opened in Front Royal, VA.

Beyond lowering our costs through our flexible business model, we are actively pursuing new revenue opportunities in line with our medium-term growth objectives. We believe that we have the most reliable networks for moving freight that is bigger-than-a-box, and we are stretching these capabilities to “essential goods,” small and midsize businesses, business-to-consumer shipments, new verticals and warehousing opportunities.

COVID-19’s impact on our Pool Distribution business has been significant. Reduced US demand, coupled with temporary retail mall closures in response to stay-at-home orders, have materially reduced Pool’s revenue. We have furloughed roughly 90% of Pool’s workforce in response in April 2020. While we remain committed to serving our current and additional Pool customers when volumes improve, we are reviewing our strategic options for this business unit. On April 23, 2020, the Company's Board approved a strategy to divest the Company's Pool Distribution business. This represents a strategic shift for the Company that will have a major effect on its operations and financial results. The Company is currently exploring all options to divest of these assets, but has not entered into a material definitive agreement to sell these assets as of the date of this report. However, the Company does believe it is probable that these assets will be divested of within a year of receiving this authority from the Board. As a result, the Company will begin reporting Pool as a Discontinued Operation starting with the second quarter of 2020.

We currently do not expect the effects of COVID-19 to be prolonged. Specially, we are currently projecting a downturn in Q2 2020 that slowly recovers sequentially through Q1 2021, although year-on-year growth is expected to be negative for the remainder of 2020. Pool’s results will likely drive a discontinued operations loss for the second quarter of 2020, which we expect will be big enough to drive a consolidated second quarter operating loss for the Company. However, on a continuing operations basis, we expect to be profitable for the second quarter of 2020 and for the remainder of the year ended December 31, 2020.

We have also taken steps to improve our financial flexibility including fully drawing down on our $150 million revolving credit facility and executing a $75 million amendment to increase this line, which closed on April 16, 2020. In addition, we have deferred payroll and federal and state income tax payments as allowed by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, which is expected to result in an approximately $11 million cash flow benefit for the second quarter of 2020 and an approximately $12 million cash flow benefit for 2020. Note that payroll taxes may be deferred for all of 2020, while federal and state income tax payments may only be deferred for the second quarter of 2020 and are due and payable on or before July 15, 2020. At this time, the Company does not expect any liquidity issues or inability in meeting its financial obligations. See additional discussion over the impact to our results from operations below.

Expedited LTL Acquisitions

As part of our strategy to expand our final mile pickup and delivery operations, in January 2020, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of Linn Star for $57.2 million. This acquisition increased our Final Mile capabilities with an additional 20 locations. In addition, in April 2019, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of FSA for $27.0 million and a potential earnout of up to $15.0 million based upon future revenue generation. The earnout had a fair value of $11.2 million as of March 31, 2020. These acquisitions provided an opportunity for our Expedited Freight segment to expand its final mile service offering into additional geographic markets, form relationships with new customers, and add volumes to our existing locations.

These acquisitions were funded using cash flows from operations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been assigned to the Expedited Freight reportable segment. See additional discussion in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Intermodal Acquisitions

As part of our strategy to expand our Intermodal operations, in July 2019, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of OST for $12.0 million. OST is a drayage company and expanded our intermodal footprint on the East Coast, primarily in Baltimore, Maryland, with additional locations in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia. This acquisition was funded using cash flows from operations and provide an opportunity for our Intermodal segment to expand into additional geographic markets and add volumes to our existing locations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of this acquisition have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been assigned to the Intermodal reportable segment. See additional discussion in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets, to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

24

Environmental Protection and Community Support

At Forward Air, our mission is to create long-term value for our shareholders, customers and employees while having a positive impact on the communities in which we live and work. We strive to integrate social responsibility and environmental sustainability into every aspect of our strategy - from how we engage with employees and local communities to offering more sustainable products and services to customers. Our commitment to this mission requires us to adhere to a strong corporate governance program that includes policies and principles that integrate environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters into our broader risk management and strategic planning initiatives.

During fiscal 2019, the Board amended the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee charter to reflect that the committee would review and discuss with management, at least quarterly, the Company’s (i) environmental, social and governance matters and (ii) management of sustainability-related risks. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee provides leadership and oversight of our ESG practices, including oversight of our policies and programs related to environmental sustainability, health and safety, diversity and inclusion, and charitable giving.

To facilitate our ESG initiatives, we appointed a head of Corporate ESG in the first quarter of 2020. We also have engaged a third-party to conduct an ESG materiality assessment during the first half of 2020. Our intent is to build upon this work to develop a more robust ESG strategy, institutionalize processes and begin to provide more public disclosure around activities and performance going forward.

We have already taken a variety of steps to improve the sustainability of our operations. For example, as a partner of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") SmartWay program since 2008, Forward Air has continued to adopt new environmentally safe policies and innovations to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. We actively seek to utilize equipment with reduced environmental impact. We utilize trailers with light weight composites and employ trailer skirts to decrease aerodynamic drag, both of which improve fuel efficiency. We are also increasing our use of electric forklifts and transitioning to automatic transmission tractors, which will decrease our fuel consumption.

Through vendor partnerships, we are implementing new solutions to manage waste and improve recycling across our facilities. Annually, we recycle tons of dunnage and thousands of aluminum load bars. Forward Air also participates in ReCaps, providing and purchasing recycled trailer tires. We also focus on increasing our landfill diversion rate through our partnership with Waste Harmonics.

In addition, we are a corporate partner of Truckers Against Trafficking, a nonprofit organization that educates, equips, empowers and mobilizes members of the trucking and busing industries to combat human trafficking. On Veteran’s Day 2019, Forward Air also launched Operation: Forward Freedom - providing support to our Veterans primarily through partnering with Hope for the Warriors. Hope for the Warriors is a nonprofit organization that is dedicated to restoring a sense of self, family and hope to United States military veterans. This is an important cause for us as many of our employees, independent contractors, customers and vendors are or have a family member who is a military veteran. Finally, we joined Women in Trucking in November 2019. Women in Trucking is a nonprofit organization, supporting and celebrating women in the trucking industry. We recognize the value in describing our sustainability focus and will continue to update our future disclosures accordingly. We are committed to making our presence count across the country.

25

Results from Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated historical financial data for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in millions):

	Three months ended
	March 31,			March 31,						Percent
	2020			2019			Change			Change
				(As Adjusted)
Operating revenue:
Expedited Freight	$	251.2		$	223.0		$	28.2		12.6	%
Intermodal	52.4			54.1			(1.7		)	(3.1	)
Pool Distribution	39.4			45.2			(5.8		)	(12.8	)
Eliminations and other operations	(0.5		)	(0.8		)	0.3			(37.5	)
Operating revenue	342.5			321.5			21.0			6.5
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	160.1			144.0			16.1			11.2
Salaries, wages, and employee benefits	86.7			76.4			10.3			13.5
Operating leases	23.6			19.2			4.4			22.9
Depreciation and amortization	10.6			10.8			(0.2		)	(1.9	)
Insurance and claims	11.8			9.4			2.4			25.5
Fuel expense	5.3			5.6			(0.3		)	(5.4	)
Other operating expenses	32.7			31.4			1.3			4.1
Total operating expenses	330.8			296.8			34.0			11.5
Income (loss) from operations:
Expedited Freight	14.7			20.4			(5.7		)	(27.9	)
Intermodal	3.7			6.2			(2.5		)	(40.3	)
Pool Distribution	(3.6		)	1.3			(4.9		)	(376.9	)
Other operations	(3.1		)	(3.2		)	0.1			(3.1	)
Income from operations	11.7			24.7			(13.0		)	(52.6	)
Other expense:
Interest expense	0.8			0.6			0.2			33.3
Total other expense	0.8			0.6			0.2			33.3
Income before income taxes	10.9			24.1			(13.2		)	(54.8	)
Income tax expense	2.5			5.7			(3.2		)	(56.1	)
Net income and comprehensive income	$	8.4		$	18.4		$	(10.0	)	(54.3	)%

Note: Prior period balances have been adjusted to conform with the Company's revised segment reporting classification. See additional discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Note 10, Segment Reporting to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

26

Revenues

Operating revenue increased $21.0 million, or 6.5%, to $342.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $321.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by our Expedited Freight segment of $28.2 million driven by final mile revenue from the acquisition of FSA in April 2019 and Linn Star in January 2020. Revenue increases associated with the final mile acquisitions were partially offset by decreased volumes due to COVID-19, which impacted each of the Company's segments, as further discussed below.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses increased $34.0 million, or 11.5%, to $330.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $296.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily driven by purchased transportation increases of $16.1 million and salaries, wages and employee benefits increases of $10.3 million. Purchased transportation includes owner operators and third party carriers, while Company-employed drivers are included in salaries, wages and employee benefits. Purchased transportation expense increased due to increases for the Expedited Freight segment. These increases were mostly due to an increase in final mile purchased transportation due to the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star, a decline in operating leverage due to reduced load averages, and deteriorating truckload purchased transportation driven by rate pressures from both spot market and contract rate customers. Salaries, wages and employee benefits increased primarily due to additional salaries from acquisitions and increased Company-employed drivers.

Operating Income and Segment Operations

Operating income decreased $13.0 million, or 52.6%, to $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $24.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease is primarily driven by the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's volumes in March 2020. The results for our three reportable segments are discussed in detail in the following sections.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in interest expense was attributable to additional borrowings on our revolving credit facility.

Income Taxes

The combined federal and state effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 22.8% compared to a rate of 23.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily the result of a refund for Tennessee tax credits and increased stock based compensation vesting as a percentage of income before income taxes. This was partially offset by increased executive compensation as a percentage of income before income taxes, which was not deductible for income tax purposes.

Net Income

As a result of the foregoing factors, net income decreased by $10.0 million, or 54.3%, to $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $18.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

27

Expedited Freight - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following table sets forth the historical financial data of our Expedited Freight segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in millions):

Expedited Freight Segment Information
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
	Three months ended
	March 31,		Percent of		March 31,		Percent of					Percent
	2020 1		Revenue		2019		Revenue		Change			Change
					(As Adjusted)
Operating revenue:
Network 2	$	152.0	60.5	%	$	161.4	72.4	%	$	(9.4	)	(5.8	)%
Truckload	45.1		18.0		45.0		20.2		0.1			0.2
Final Mile	47.8		19.0		9.8		4.4		38.0			387.8
Other	6.3		2.5		6.8		3.0		(0.5		)	(7.4	)
Total operating revenue	251.2		100.0		223.0		100.0		28.2			12.6
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	131.0		52.1		112.8		50.6		18.2			16.1
Salaries, wages and employee benefits	55.4		22.1		45.7		20.5		9.7			21.2
Operating leases	13.6		5.4		11.0		4.9		2.6			23.6
Depreciation and amortization	6.7		2.7		7.4		3.3		(0.7		)	(9.5	)
Insurance and claims	6.5		2.6		5.0		2.2		1.5			30.0
Fuel expense	2.1		0.8		2.5		1.1		(0.4		)	(16.0	)
Other operating expenses	21.2		8.4		18.2		8.2		3.0			16.5
Total operating expenses	236.5		94.1		202.6		90.9		33.9			16.7
Income from operations	$	14.7	5.9	%	$	20.4	9.1	%	$	(5.7	)	(27.9	)%
1 Includes revenues and operating expenses from the acquisition of FSA and Linn Star, which were acquired in April 2019 and January 2020, respectively (and are not included in the prior period)
2 Network revenue is comprised of all revenue, including linehaul, pickup and/or delivery, and fuel surcharge revenue, excluding accessorial, Truckload and Final Mile revenue

Note: Prior period balances have been adjusted to conform with the Company's revised segment reporting classification. See additional discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in Note 10, Segment Reporting to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Expedited Freight Operating Statistics
	Three months ended
	March 31,			March 31,			Percent
	2020			2019			Change
				(As Adjusted)
Business days	64			63			1.6	%
Tonnage 1,2
Total pounds	569,956			596,640			(4.5	)
Pounds per day	8,906			9,470			(6.0	)
Shipments 1,2
Total shipments	885			930			(4.8	)
Shipments per day	13.8			14.8			(6.3	)
Weight per shipment	644			642			0.3
Revenue per hundredweight 3	$	27.16		$	26.78		1.4
Revenue per hundredweight, ex fuel 3	$	23.09		$	22.74		1.5
Revenue per shipment 3	$	172		$	174		(1.1	)
Revenue per shipment, ex fuel 3	$	145		$	148		(2.0	)
Network revenue from door-to-door shipments as a percentage of network revenue 3,4	44.3		%	38.3		%	15.7
Network gross margin 5	53.4		%	54.3		%	(1.7	)%
1 In thousands
2 Excludes accessorial, full Truckload and Final Mile products
3 Includes intercompany revenue between the Network and Truckload revenue streams
4 Door-to-door shipments include all shipments with a pickup and/or delivery
5 Network revenue less Network purchased transportation as a percentage of Network revenue

29

Revenues

Expedited Freight operating revenue increased $28.2 million, or 12.6%, to $251.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $223.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was due to increased final mile revenue of $38.0 million, partially offset by decreases in network and other revenue. Final mile revenue increased primarily due to the acquisition of FSA in April 2019 and Linn Star in January 2020. Network revenue decreased $9.4 million due to a 4.8% decrease in shipments and a 4.5% decrease in tonnage, partially offset by a 1.4% increase in revenue per hundredweight over prior year. The decrease in shipments and tonnage was primarily due to the impact of COVID-19, discussed above. In March 2020, shipments and tonnage declined 10.4% and 11.3%, respectively, when compared to March 2019. The increase in revenue per hundredweight was due to increased shipment size, rate increases and higher pickup and delivery revenue. In addition, fuel surcharge revenue decreased $0.9 million due to declining fuel prices in March 2020. Other revenue, which includes warehousing and terminal handling, decreased $0.5 million due to the lower linehaul tonnage and shipment counts.

Purchased Transportation

Expedited Freight purchased transportation increased $18.2 million, or 16.1%, to $131.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $112.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Purchase transportation was 52.1% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 50.6% for the same period in 2019. Expedited Freight purchased transportation includes owner operators and third party carriers, while Company-employed drivers are included in salaries, wages and benefits. The increase in purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue was mostly due to an increase in final mile purchased transportation due to the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star, a decline in operating leverage due to reduced load averages, and deteriorating truckload purchased transportation driven by rate pressures from both spot market and contract rate customers. This increase was partially offset by a 4.6% reduction in linehaul cost per mile due to increased utilization of owner-operators and Company-employed drivers over more costly third-party transportation providers.

Salaries, Wages and Employee Benefits

Expedited Freight salaries, wages and employee benefits increased $9.7 million, or 21.2%, to $55.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $45.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Salaries, wages and employee benefits were 22.1% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 20.5% for the same period in 2019.  The increase in expense was primarily due to a $7.7 million increase due to the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star. An additional $2.1 million increase was primarily related to credits for group health insurance premiums received in the prior year and another $0.5 million increase was due to increased utilization of Company-employed drivers to fulfill linehaul and local pickup and delivery services. These increases were partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease in employee incentives.

Operating Leases

Expedited Freight operating leases increased $2.6 million, or 23.6%, to $13.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Operating leases were 5.4% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 4.9% for the same period in 2019. The increase in expense was primarily due to a $2.1 million increase in facility leases mostly from additional facilities acquired from FSA and Linn Star and a $0.6 million increase in tractor rentals and leases to correspond with the increase in Company-employed driver usage mentioned above. These increases were partially offset by a $0.2 million decrease in trailer rentals and leases, as old leases were replaced with purchased trailers.

Depreciation and Amortization

Expedited Freight depreciation and amortization decreased $0.7 million, or 9.5%, to $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Depreciation and amortization was 2.7% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 3.3% for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in expense was primarily due to a $1.8 million decrease in trailer depreciation for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily related to extending the useful lives of its trailers from seven to ten years in the third quarter of 2019. See additional discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. This decrease was partially offset by $0.9 million of increased amortization of acquired intangibles from the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star.

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Insurance and Claims

Expedited Freight insurance and claims increased $1.5 million, or 30.0%, to $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Insurance and claims were 2.6% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2.2% in the same period in 2019. The increase in expense was primarily attributable to an increase in vehicle insurance premiums and claims. See additional discussion over the consolidated increase in self-insurance reserves related to vehicle claims in the "Other operations" section below.

Fuel Expense

Expedited Freight fuel expense decreased $0.4 million, or 16.0%, to $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Fuel expense was 0.8% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 1.1% in the same period in 2019.  Expedited Freight fuel expenses decreased due to lower fuel prices, offset by increase from higher Company-employed driver miles.

Other Operating Expenses

Expedited Freight other operating expenses increased $3.0 million, or 16.5%, to $21.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Other operating expenses were 8.4% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 8.2% in the same period in 2019.  Other operating expenses included equipment maintenance, terminal and office expenses, legal and professional fees and other over-the-road costs. The increase in expense was primarily attributable to a $2.1 million increase in parts costs for final mile installations and $1.9 million in increased terminal and office expenses due to the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star. These increases were offset by a $0.5 million decrease in the earn-out liability from the FSA acquisition because of changes in fair value since acquisition and the prior year including a $0.7 million specific reserve due to a customer going out of business.

Income from Operations

Expedited Freight income from operations decreased $5.7 million, or 27.9%, to $14.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $20.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Income from operations were 5.9% of Expedited Freight operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 9.1% in the same period in 2019. The decrease in income from operations was primarily due to lower shipments and tonnage due to the impact of COVID-19, higher insurance premiums and increased costs from the acquisitions of FSA and Linn Star, as they continue to be integrated into the Expedited Freight segment. These margin deteriorations were partially offset by increased utilization of owner-operators and Company-employed drivers over more more costly third-party transportation providers.

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Intermodal - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following table sets forth the historical financial data of our Intermodal segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in millions):

Intermodal Segment Information
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
	Three months ended
	March 31,		Percent of		March 31,		Percent of					Percent
	2020 1		Revenue		2019		Revenue		Change			Change
Operating revenue	$	52.4	100.0	%	$	54.1	100.0	%	$	(1.7	)	(3.1	)%
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	18.2		34.7		18.4		34.0		(0.2		)	(1.1	)
Salaries, wages and employee benefits	12.9		24.6		12.7		23.5		0.2			1.6
Operating leases	4.4		8.4		3.8		7.0		0.6			15.8
Depreciation and amortization	2.6		5.0		1.9		3.5		0.7			36.8
Insurance and claims	2.0		3.8		1.4		2.6		0.6			42.9
Fuel expense	1.9		3.6		1.6		3.0		0.3			18.8
Other operating expenses	6.7		12.8		8.1		15.0		(1.4		)	(17.3	)
Total operating expenses	48.7		92.9		47.9		88.5		0.8			1.7
Income from operations	$	3.7	7.1	%	$	6.2	11.5	%	$	(2.5	)	(40.3	)%
1 Includes revenues and operating expenses from the acquisition of OST, which was acquired in July 2019 (and is not included in the prior period)

Intermodal Operating Statistics
	Three months ended
	March 31,		March 31,		Percent
	2020		2019		Change
Drayage shipments	82,474		75,607		9.1	%
Drayage revenue per shipment	$	636	$	625	1.8
Number of locations	24		21		14.3	%

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Revenues

Intermodal operating revenue decreased $1.7 million, or 3.1%, to $52.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $54.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The decrease in operating revenue was primarily attributable to a $2.8 million decrease in storage revenue, partially offset by a $0.9 million increase from per diem revenue. In addition, there was a 9.1% increase in drayage shipments from the acquisition of OST in July 2019. The increase in drayage shipments was tempered by the impact of COVID-19, discussed above. Drayage shipments declined 7.9% in March 2020 compared to March 2019.

Purchased Transportation

Intermodal purchased transportation decreased $0.2 million, or 1.1%, to $18.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $18.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.   Purchased transportation was 34.7% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 34.0% for the same period in 2019.  Intermodal purchased transportation includes owner operators and third party carriers, while Company-employed drivers are included in salaries, wages and benefits. The increase in Intermodal purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue was attributable to to the decrease in accessorial revenue, including storage. Intermodal purchased transportation as a percentage of revenue, excluding accessorial revenue, decreased 110 basis points due operating efficiencies and increased utilization of Company-employed drivers compared to the same period in 2019.

Salaries, Wages and Employee Benefits

Intermodal salaries, wages and employee benefits increased $0.2 million, or 1.6%, to $12.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $12.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Salaries, wages and benefits were 24.6% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 23.5% for the same period in 2019. The increase in expense was primarily attributable to a $0.6 million increase from higher administrative salaries, wages and benefits and a $0.3 million increase from the utilization of Company-employed drivers. These increases were partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in employee incentives and a $0.3 million decrease in dock pay. The increase in administrative salaries, wages and benefits was due to additional headcount from the acquisitions of OST.

Operating Leases

Intermodal operating leases increased $0.6 million, or 15.8%, to $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Operating leases were 8.4% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 7.0% for the same period in 2019.  The increase in expense was primarily due to a $0.4 million increase in tractor rentals and leases to correspond with the increase in Company-employed driver usage mentioned above. Facility leases also increased $0.1 million mostly from additional facilities acquired from OST and trailer rentals increased $0.1 million to handle the increased drayage shipments.

Depreciation and Amortization

Intermodal depreciation and amortization increased $0.7 million, or 36.8%, to $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Depreciation and amortization was 5.0% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 3.5% for the same period in 2019. The increase in depreciation and amortization was due to a $0.6 million increase in depreciation of equipment partly due to the equipment acquired from OST. The increase was also attributable to a $0.2 million increase in amortization of acquired intangibles.

Insurance and Claims

Intermodal insurance and claims increased $0.6 million, or 42.9%, to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Insurance and claims were 3.8% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2.6% for the same period in 2019. The increase in Intermodal insurance and claims was primarily due to an increase in vehicle insurance premiums and claims. See additional discussion over the consolidated increase in self-insurance reserves related to vehicle claims in the "Other operations" section below.

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Fuel Expense

Intermodal fuel expense increased $0.3 million, or 18.8%, to $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Fuel expense was 3.6% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 3.0% for the same period in 2019.  Intermodal fuel expense increased due to increased Company-employed driver activity.

Other Operating Expenses

Intermodal other operating expenses decreased $1.4 million, or 17.3%, to $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Other operating expenses were 12.8% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 15.0% for the same period in 2019.  The decrease in Intermodal other operating expenses was primarily due to a decrease in storage expenses, corresponding with the decrease in storage revenue, and strong cost controls. These decreases were slightly offset by increased per diem expenses, corresponding with the increase in per diem revenue, and increased tolls due to increased Company-employed driver activity.

Income from Operations

Intermodal income from operations decreased $2.5 million, or 40.3%, to $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $6.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Income from operations was 7.1% of Intermodal operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 11.5% for the same period in 2019.  The deterioration in operating income was primarily attributable to losing leverage on fixed costs such as salaries, wages and benefits, operating leases, amortization and insurance due to the impact of COVID-19 and a decrease in storage revenue.

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Pool Distribution - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following table sets forth the historical financial data of our Pool Distribution segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in millions):

Pool Distribution Segment Information
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
	Three months ended
	March 31,			Percent of		March 31,		Percent of					Percent
	2020			Revenue		2019		Revenue		Change			Change
Operating revenue	$	39.4		100.0	%	$	45.2	100.0	%	$	(5.8	)	(12.8	)%
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	11.3			28.7		13.4		29.6		(2.1		)	(15.7	)
Salaries, wages and employee benefits	17.3			43.9		16.7		36.9		0.6			3.6
Operating leases	5.7			14.5		4.3		9.5		1.4			32.6
Depreciation and amortization	1.4			3.6		1.6		3.5		(0.2		)	(12.5	)
Insurance and claims	1.4			3.6		1.2		2.7		0.2			16.7
Fuel expense	1.3			3.3		1.5		3.3		(0.2		)	(13.3	)
Other operating expenses	4.6			11.7		5.2		11.5		(0.6		)	(11.5	)
Total operating expenses	43.0			109.1		43.9		97.1		(0.9		)	(2.1	)
Income from operations	$	(3.6	)	(9.1	)%	$	1.3	2.9	%	$	(4.9	)	(376.9	)%

Pool Distribution Operating Statistics
	Three months ended
	March 31,		March 31,		Percent
	2020		2019		Change
Cartons ¹	18,701		22,316		(16.2	)%
Revenue per carton	$	2.11	$	2.02	4.5
Terminals	30		28		7.1	%
¹ In thousands

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Revenues

Pool Distribution ("Pool") operating revenue decreased $5.8 million, or 12.8%, to $39.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $45.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. As discussed above, COVID-19 has resulted in reduced US demand, coupled with temporary retail mall closures in response to stay-at-home orders, that has resulted in decreased revenue and cartons compared to prior year. Cartons decreased 16.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to the same period 2019 and decreased 38.6% in March 2020 as compared to March 2019.

Purchased Transportation

Pool purchased transportation decreased $2.1 million, or 15.7%, to $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $13.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Purchased transportation was 28.7% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 29.6% for the same period in 2019.  Pool purchased transportation includes owner operators and third party carriers, while Company-employed drivers are included in salaries, wages and benefits. The decrease in Pool purchased transportation as a percentage of operating revenue was primarily due to a decrease in the use of more costly third-party transportation providers.

Salaries, Wages and Employee Benefits

Pool salaries, wages and employee benefits increased $0.6 million, or 3.6%, to $17.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Salaries, wages and benefits were 43.9% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 36.9% for the same period in 2019. The increase is primarily due to $1.1 million of higher administrative salaries, wages and benefits and $0.3 million of higher driver pay required to service business in new locations acquired in the last half of 2019. This increase is offset by a $0.5 million decrease in dock pay and a $0.3 million decrease in employee incentives. Note that in April 2020 the Company has furloughed roughly 90% of Pool's workforce in response to the decrease in revenue discussed above.

Operating Leases

Pool operating leases increased $1.4 million, or 32.6%, to $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Operating leases were 14.5% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 9.5% in the same period in 2019.  The increase in expense was primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in facility leases mostly from new locations acquired in the last half of 2019 to service new business wins and a $0.5 million increase in tractor rentals and leases to replace old purchased equipment. These increases were partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in trailer rentals and leases, as old leases were replaced with purchased trailers.

Depreciation and Amortization

Pool depreciation and amortization decreased $0.2 million, or 12.5%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Depreciation and amortization was 3.6% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 3.5% in the same period in 2019. The decrease in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to a decrease in tractor depreciation due to older units being replaced with tractor leases as discussed above.

Insurance and Claims

Pool insurance and claims increased $0.2 million, or 16.7%, to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Insurance and claims were 3.6% of operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2.7% for the same period in 2019. The increase in Pool insurance and claims was primarily due to an increase in vehicle insurance premiums. See additional discussion over the consolidated increase in self-insurance reserves related to vehicle claims in the "Other operations" section below.

Fuel Expense

Pool fuel expense decreased $0.2 million, or 13.3%, to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Fuel expense was 3.3% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.  Pool fuel expenses decreased due to lower fuel prices.

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Other Operating Expenses

Pool other operating expenses decreased $0.6 million, or 11.5%, to $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Other operating expenses were 11.7% of Pool operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 11.5% for the same period in 2019. Other operating expenses included equipment maintenance, terminal and office expenses, professional fees and other over-the-road costs. The decrease in Pool other operating expenses was primarily due to a $0.8 million decrease in agent station handling costs due to the conversion of agent stations to Company-operated stations and lower revenue volumes from the remaining agent stations and a $0.3 million decrease in equipment maintenance costs due to the increased usage of leased equipment instead of purchased equipment discussed above. These decreases were partially offset by increases in miscellaneous other terminal and office expenses related to the new locations.

Income from Operations

Pool income from operations decreased $4.9 million to a $3.6 million loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $1.3 million operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  Income from operations as a percentage of Pool operating revenue was (9.1)% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 2.9% for the same period in 2019.  As discussed above, Pool's operations were negatively impacted by COVID-19 as many of its customers were affected by retail mall closures in response to stay-at-home orders. As a result, there was a sudden and significant decline in Pool's March 2020 operating revenue, resulting in an operating loss for Pool during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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Other Operations - Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Other operating activity was a $3.1 million operating loss during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and a $3.2 million operating loss during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The three months ended March 31, 2020 included increased self-insurance reserves for vehicle and workers' compensation claims of $2.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively. These increases were primarily due to increases to our loss development factors for prior quarter claims. The remaining loss was attributable to $0.4 million in professional fees.

The three months ended March 31, 2019 included increased self-insurance reserves for vehicle and workers' compensation claims of $1.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively. These increases were primarily due to increases to our loss development factors for prior quarter claims. The remaining loss was attributable to $0.7 million in costs related to the CEO transition.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).  The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Our estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and changes in the business environment.  However, actual results may differ from estimates under different conditions, sometimes materially.  Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require management’s most subjective judgments. Management considers our policies on Self-Insurance Loss Reserves, Business Combinations and Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to be critical. A summary of significant accounting policies is disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies are further described under the caption “Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss methodology previously employed to measure credit losses for most financial assets and requires the use of a forward-looking expected loss model. Under current accounting guidance, credit losses are recognized when it is probable a loss has been incurred. The updated guidance will require financial assets to be measured at amortized costs less a reserve, equal to the net amount expected to be collected. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020, which resulted in the Company revising its allowance for doubtful accounts policy on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. See Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for additional discussion over this new standard.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically financed our working capital needs, including capital expenditures, with cash flows from operations and borrowings under our bank lines of credit. As discussed above, the Company has assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the its liquidity and ability to access capital. To improve its financial flexibility, the Company has fully drawn its $150 million revolving credit facility and executed a $75 million amendment to increase this line, which closed on April 16, 2020. In addition, we have deferred payroll and federal and state income tax payments as allowed by the CARES Act, which is expected to result in an approximately $11 million cash flow benefit for the second quarter of 2020 and an approximately $12 million cash flow benefit for 2020. Note that payroll taxes may be deferred for all of 2020, while federal and state income tax payments may only be deferred for the second quarter of 2020 and are due and payable on or before July 15, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $77.2 million in cash, which is approximately four times its target cash levels. As a result, we do not believe we have had significant limitations on accessing capital despite the current environment. Further, the Company is in compliance with all debt covenants as of March 31, 2020.

In addition, the Company’s accounts receivable are stable and there are no known collection issues from its key customers as of March 31, 2020. There are also no customer or vendor concentration risks for which the loss of the applicable relationship would have a significant impact to the Company's cash flows from operations. See additional discussion in Item 1A, Risk Factors.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Cash Flows compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities was approximately $29.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to approximately $41.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The $12.3 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities was mainly attributable to a $10.2 million decrease in net earnings after consideration of non-cash items, a $3.1 million decrease due to the timing of tax payments and tax refunds received in the prior year and a $1.8 million decrease due to the timing of prepaid expense payments. These decreases were partly offset by a $1.5 million improvement in the collection of receivables and a $1.2 million increase due to the timing of payable and accrued expense payments.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $58.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to approximately $3.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 included the acquisition of Linn Star for $55.9 million, net of cash acquired. In addition the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included net capital expenditures of $3.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively primarily for new trailers, information technology and facility property and equipment.  The proceeds from disposal of property and equipment during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were primarily from sales of older tractors and trailers.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $41.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $21.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019.  The $63.0 million increase in cash provided by financing activities was attributable to a $65.0 million increase in borrowings on the revolving credit facility, partially offset by a $1.1 million increase in the repurchase of common stock and a $0.8 million decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Credit Facility

See Note 6, Senior Credit Facility, to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the senior credit facility.

Share Repurchases

See Note 11, Shareholders' Equity, to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our share repurchases and dividends during the period.

39

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains “forward-looking statements,” as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements other than historical information or statements of current condition and relate to future events or our future financial performance. In this Form 10-Q, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, any statement regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including the impacts on our LTL, Intermodal and Pool businesses, our ability to emerge as a stronger LTL competitor, our pursuit of new revenue opportunities and steps to bolster our liquidity; any projections of earnings, revenues, dividends, or other financial items or methods of interpretation or measurement; any statement of plans, strategies, and objectives of management for future operations, including, without limitation, future plans for the divesture of our Pool business; any statements regarding future performance; any statement regarding future insurance, claims and litigation and any associated estimates or projections; any statements concerning proposed or intended new services or developments and related integration costs; any statement regarding intended expansion through acquisition or greenfield start-ups; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance based on our business strategy, including acquisitions; any statement related to our ESG and sustainability initiatives and operations; any statement regarding certain tax and accounting matters, including the impact on our financial statements; and any statements of belief and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Some forward-looking statements may be identified by use of such terms as “believes,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects” or “expects.” Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The following is a list of factors, among others, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements: economic factors such as recessions, inflation, higher interest rates and downturns in customer business cycles, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition, the creditworthiness of our customers and their ability to pay for services rendered, more limited liquidity than expected which limits our ability to make key investments, the availability and compensation of qualified independent owner-operators and freight handlers as well as contracted, third-party carriers needed to serve our customers’ transportation needs, the inability of our information systems to handle an increased volume of freight moving through our network, changes in fuel prices, our inability to maintain our historical growth rate because of a decreased volume of freight or decreased average revenue per pound of freight moving through our network, loss of a major customer, increasing competition and pricing pressure, our ability to secure terminal facilities in desirable locations at reasonable rates, our inability to successfully integrate acquisitions, claims for property damage, personal injuries or workers’ compensation, enforcement of and changes in governmental regulations, environmental and tax matters, insurance matters, the handling of hazardous materials and the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. As a result of the foregoing, no assurance can be given as to future financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

40

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Our exposure to market risk related to our outstanding debt is not significant and has not changed materially from the information provided in our 2019 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain controls and procedures designed to ensure that we are able to collect the information required to be disclosed in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and to process, summarize and disclose this information within the time periods specified in the rules of the SEC. Based on an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report conducted by management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer believe that these controls and procedures are effective to ensure that we are able to collect, process and disclose the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file with the SEC within the required time periods.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2020 that have

materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II.	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we are a party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to and arising in the normal course of our business, most of which involve claims for personal injury and property damage related to the transportation and handling of freight, or workers’ compensation. We do not believe that any of these pending actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our business faces many risks and uncertainties that we cannot control. The risk factors described in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as revised below, should be carefully considered, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC, in connection with evaluating the Company, our business, and the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other risks that we do not presently know about or that we presently believe are not material could also adversely affect us.

The risk factor described below updates the risk factors disclosed in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, to include additional information.

The ongoing coronavirus outbreak, and measures taken in response thereto, could continue to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is highly susceptible to changes in economic conditions. Our products and services are directly tied to the production and sale of goods and, more generally, to the North American economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted economic activity and conditions worldwide and created significant volatility and disruption to financial markets. Efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 have led governments and other authorities to impose restrictions which have resulted in business closures and disrupted supply chains worldwide. As a result, transportation and supply chain companies such as ours have experienced slowdowns and reduced demand, and could continue to further negatively impact our business.

Furthermore, quarantines, shelter in place orders, labor shortages due to illness and otherwise, business and facility closures or other disruptions to our operations, or our customers’ operations, have also adversely impacted demand for our services and our ability to provide services to our customers. We have seen deterioration in volumes across all of our segments given that the

41

freight we move is typically not considered “essential” under current regulatory orders. Further or extended stay at home orders or closures could have a material negative impact on our revenues and earnings.

The extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to the duration, spread, severity and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, the effects of the outbreak on our customers and suppliers and the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by local and federal governments, and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. In particular, the continued spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain the virus could:

• continue to impact customer demand of the Company’s transportation services;

• cause the Company to experience an increase in costs as a result of the Company’s emergency measures, delayed payments from customers and uncollectable accounts;

• cause delays and disruptions in the supply chain resulting in disruptions in the commercial operation dates of certain projects;

• impact availability of qualified personnel; and

• cause other unpredictable events.

In addition, our results of operations may be materially affected by conditions in the credit and financial markets. Global credit and financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and disruptions as a result of COVID-19 including diminished liquidity and credit availability. Failure by us or our customers to secure any necessary financing in a timely manner and on favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our growth strategy, financial performance and stock price and could require us to delay or abandon current or expected investments.  In the event of a prolonged significant economic downturn which has a material negative impact on our earnings and free cash flow, we may not be able to comply with our financial covenant in our global revolving credit facility which, in the absence of a bank waiver, would negatively impact our ability to borrow under that facility and our liquidity position.

The situation surrounding COVID-19 remains fluid. Even after the COVID-19 outbreak has subsided, we may continue to experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession or depression that has occurred or may occur in the future, and the potential for a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity increases the longer the virus impacts activity levels in the United States and globally. For this reason, we cannot reasonably estimate with any degree of certainty the future impact COVID-19 may have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, and liquidity. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, or liquidity will depend on future developments, including the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions, business and workforce disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken to contain and treat the disease.

We periodically evaluate factors including but not limited to macroeconomic conditions, changes in our industry and the markets in which we operate and our market capitalization, as well as our reporting units’ expected future financial performance for purposes of evaluating asset impairments, including goodwill. We believe that the impact of COVID-19 will negatively affect certain key assumptions used in our analysis; however, we will need to assess the severity and nature of the long-term impacts to determine if we may be required to record charges for asset impairments in the future. At this time, it remains uncertain whether and to what extent we will need to record charges for impairments as a result of the recent and ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.

42

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Information regarding repurchases of our shares during the first quarter of 2020 is as follows:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1-31, 2020	3,791	$	69.65	3,791	4,151,186
February 1-29, 2020	85,000	63.58		85,000	4,066,186
March 1-31, 2020	179,236	54.60		179,236	3,886,950
Total	268,027	$	56.93	268,027	3,886,950
(1) On February 5, 2019, the Board of Directors canceled the Company’s remaining 2016 share repurchase authorization and approved a share repurchase authorization for up to 5.0 million shares of the Company’s common shares that shall remain in effect until such time as the shares authorized for repurchase are exhausted or until earlier terminated.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Not applicable.

43

Item 6. Exhibits.

In accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8212, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are to be treated as “accompanying” this report rather than “filed” as part of the report.

No.	Exhibit
3.1	Restated Charter of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 28, 1999 (File No. 0-22490))
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 31, 2017 (File No. 0-22490))
10.1	First Amendment dated April 16, 2020 to Credit Agreement dated September 29, 2017 by and among Forward Air Corporation and Forward Air, Inc., as borrowers, certain subsidiaries of the borrowers as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and lender, U.S. Bank National Association, as lender, and the other lenders party thereto
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a))
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a))
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

44

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Forward Air Corporation
Date: May 1, 2020	By:	/s/ Michael J. Morris
		Michael J. Morris Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

		Forward Air Corporation
Date: May 1, 2020	By:	/s/ Christina W. Bottomley
		Christina W. Bottomley Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

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EX-10.1

FIRST AMENDMENT

THIS FIRST AMENDMENT (this “Amendment”) dated as of April 16, 2020, is by and among FORWARD AIR CORPORATION, a Tennessee corporation, FORWARD AIR, INC., a Tennessee corporation (collectively, the “Borrowers”), the Guarantors identified on the signature pages hereto, the Lenders identified on the signature pages hereto and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the “Administrative Agent”).

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, credit facilities have been extended to the Borrowers pursuant to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), among the Borrowers, the Guarantors identified therein, the Lenders identified therein and the Administrative Agent; and

WHEREAS, the Borrowers have requested an increase in the Commitments pursuant to Section 2.01(b) of the Credit Agreement in an amount of $75,000,000 (the “Increased Commitments”) and certain other modifications to the Credit Agreement, and the Lenders have agreed to provide the Increased Commitments and have agreed to such other modifications on the terms set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1.Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

2.Increase in Commitments. Subject to the terms and conditions provided herein, the Commitments are hereby increased in the amount of $75,000,000 pursuant to Section 2.01(b) of the Credit Agreement. The Increased Commitments shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions applicable to the existing Commitments. The amount of each Lender’s Increased Commitment is set forth on Addendum I attached hereto.

3.Amendments to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement is amended as follows:

3.1The following definitions are added to Section 1.01 in the appropriate alphabetical order:

“Beneficial Ownership Certification” means a certification regarding beneficial ownership required by the Beneficial Ownership Regulation.

“Beneficial Ownership Regulation” means 31 C.F.R. § 1010.230.

“Covered Entity” means any of the following: (a) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (b) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (c) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b).

“Covered Party” has the meaning specified in Section 11.22.

“Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable.

“LIBOR” has the meaning specified in the definition of Eurodollar Rate.

“LIBOR Replacement Rate” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03(d).

“LIBOR Scheduled Unavailability Date” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03(d).

“LIBOR Screen Rate” means the LIBOR quote on the applicable screen page the Administrative Agent designates to determine LIBOR (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time).

“LIBOR Successor Rate” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03(c).

“LIBOR Successor Rate Conforming Changes” has the meaning specified in Section 3.03(g).

“QFC” has the meaning assigned to the term “qualified financial contract” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. 5390(c)(8)(D).

“QFC Credit Support” has the meaning specified in Section 11.22.

“Supported QFC” has the meaning specified in Section 11.22.

“U.S. Special Resolution Regimes” has the meaning specified in Section 11.22.

3.2In the definition of “Aggregate Revolving Commitments” in Section 1.01, the second sentence is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

The amount of the Aggregate Revolving Commitments in effect on the effective date of the First Amendment to this Agreement is TWO HUNDRED TWENTY-FIVE MILLION DOLLARS ($225,000,000).

3.3The pricing grid in the definition of “Applicable Rate” in Section 1.01 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

Pricing Tier	Consolidated Leverage Ratio	Applicable Margin for Eurodollar Rate Loans and Letter of Credit Fees	Applicable Margin for Base Rate Loans	Commitment Fee
1	< 1.75:1.0	2.250%	0.250%	0.375%
2	≥ 1.75:1.0 but < 2.00:1.0	2.500%	0.500%	0.400%
3	> 2.00:1.0	2.750%	0.750%	0.425%

3.4The definition of “Arrangers” is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“Arrangers” means BofA Securities, Inc. (or any of its designated affiliates) and U.S. Bank National Association, each in its capacity as a joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner.

3.5The definition of “Base Rate” is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“Base Rate” means for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 1/2 of 1.0%, (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate” and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.0%, subject to the interest rate floors set forth therein; provided that if the Base Rate shall be less than three percent (3.00%), such rate shall be deemed three percent (3.00%) for purposes of this Agreement. The “prime rate” is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America’s costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in the “prime rate” announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day

specified in the public announcement of such change. If the Base Rate is being used as an alternate rate of interest pursuant to Section 3.03 hereof, then the Base Rate shall be the greater of clauses (a) and (b) above and shall be determined without reference to clause (c) above.

3.6The definition of “Eurodollar Rate” is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“Eurodollar Rate” means:

(a)for any Interest Period with respect to a Eurodollar Rate Loan, the rate per annum equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate as administered by ICE Benchmark Administration (or any other Person that takes over the administration of such rate for U.S. Dollars for a period equal in length to such Interest Period) (“LIBOR”), as published on the applicable Bloomberg screen page (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time) (in such case, the “LIBOR Rate”) at or about 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period, for Dollar deposits (for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period) with a term equivalent to such Interest Period; and

(b)for any interest calculation with respect to a Base Rate Loan on any date, the rate per annum equal to the LIBOR Rate, at or about 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to such date for Dollar deposits with a term of one month commencing that day;

provided that, if the Eurodollar Rate shall be less than one percent (1.00%), such rate shall be deemed one percent (1.00%) for purposes of this Agreement.

3.7.The definition of “Federal Funds Rate” is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“Federal Funds Rate” means, for any day, the rate per annum calculated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York based on such day’s federal funds transactions by depository institutions (as determined in such manner as the Federal Reserve Bank of New York shall set forth on its public website from time to time) and published on the next succeeding Business Day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as the federal funds effective rate; provided that if the Federal Funds Rate as so determined would be less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be zero for the purposes of this Agreement.

3.8In the definition of “Revolving Commitment” in Section 1.01, the reference to “Section 2.01(c)” is amended to read “Section 2.01(b)”.

3.9In Section 1.02 a new clause (d) is inserted to read as follows:

(d)Any reference herein to a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale, disposition or transfer, or similar term, shall be deemed to apply to the division of or by a limited liability company under applicable law, or an allocation of assets to a series of a limited liability company pursuant to such division (or the unwinding of such division or allocation), as if it were a merger, transfer, consolidation, amalgamation, assignment, sale, disposition or transfer, or similar term, as applicable, to, of or with a separate Person. Any such division of a limited liability company shall constitute a separate Person hereunder (and each such division of any limited liability company that is a Subsidiary, joint venture or any other like term shall also constitute such a Person or entity).

3.10The last sentence in Section 1.05 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

The Administrative Agent does not warrant, nor accept responsibility, nor shall the Administrative Agent have any liability with respect to the administration, submission or any other matter related to the rates in the definition of “Eurodollar Rate” or with respect to any rate that is an alternative or replacement for or successor to any of such rates (including, without limitation, any LIBOR Successor Rate) or the effect of any of the foregoing, or of any LIBOR Successor Rate Conforming Changes.

3.11Section 3.03 of the Credit Agreement is amended in its entirety to read as follows:

3.03 Inability to Determine Rates.

(a)If in connection with any request for a Eurodollar Rate Loan or a conversion to or continuation thereof, (i) the Administrative Agent determines that (A) Dollar deposits are not being offered to banks in the London interbank market for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such Eurodollar Rate Loan, or (B) (1) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining the Eurodollar Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurodollar Rate Loan or in connection with an existing or proposed Base Rate Loan and (2) the circumstances described in Section 3.03(c)(i) do not apply(in each case with respect to this clause (i), “Impacted Loans”), or (ii) the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders determine that for any reason Eurodollar Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurodollar Rate Loan does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of funding such Loan, the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify each Borrower and each Lender. Thereafter, (x) the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be suspended (to the extent of the affected Eurodollar Rate Loans or Interest Periods), and (y) in the event of a determination described in the preceding sentence with respect to the Eurodollar Rate component of the Base Rate, the utilization of the Eurodollar Rate component in determining the Base Rate shall be suspended, in each case until the Administrative Agent (or, in the case of a determination by the Required Lenders described in clause (ii) of this Section 3.03(a), until the Administrative Agent upon instruction of the Required Lenders) revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrowers may revoke any pending request for a Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans(to the extent of the affected Eurodollar Rate Loans or Interest Periods) or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a Borrowing of Base Rate Loansin the amount specified therein.

(b)Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Administrative Agent has made the determination described in clause (a)(i) of this Section 3.03, the Administrative Agent in consultation with the Borrowers, may establish an alternative interest rate for the Impacted Loans, in which case, such alternative rate of interest shall apply with respect to the Impacted Loans until (i) the Administrative Agent revokes the notice delivered with respect to the Impacted Loans under clause (a)(i) of this Section 3.03, (ii) the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders notify the Administrative Agent and the Borrowers that such alternative interest rate does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to the Lenders of funding the Impacted Loans, or (iii) any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for such Lender or its applicable Lending Office to make, maintain or fund Loans whose interest is determined by reference to such alternative rate of interest or to determine or charge interest rates based upon such rate or any Governmental Authority has imposed material restrictions on the authority of such Lender to do any of the foregoing and provides the Administrative Agent and each Borrower written notice thereof.

(c)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or any other Loan Documents, but without limiting Sections 3.03(a) and (b) above, if the Administrative Agent determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties hereto absent manifest error), or the Borrowers or Required Lenders notify the Administrative Agent (with, in the case of the Required Lenders, a copy to each Borrower) that the Borrowers or Required Lenders (as applicable) have determined (which determination likewise shall be conclusive and binding upon all parties hereto absent manifest error), that:

(i)adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining LIBOR for any requested Interest Period, including, without limitation, because the LIBOR Screen Rate is not available or published on a current basis and such circumstances are unlikely to be temporary; or

(ii)the administrator of the LIBOR Screen Rate or a Governmental Authority having or purporting to have jurisdiction over the Administrative Agent has made a public statement identifying a specific date after which LIBOR or the LIBOR Screen Rate shall no longer be made available, or used for determining the interest rate of loans, provided that, at the time of such statement, there is no successor administrator that is reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, that will continue to provide LIBOR after such specific date (such specific date, the “Scheduled Unavailability Date”); or

(iii)syndicated loans currently being executed, or that include language similar to that contained in this Section 3.03, are being executed or amended (as applicable) to incorporate or adopt a new benchmark interest rate to replace LIBOR,

then, reasonably promptly after such determination by the Administrative Agent or receipt by the Administrative Agent of such notice, as applicable, the Administrative Agent and the Borrowers may amend this Agreement solely for purpose of replacing LIBOR in accordance with this Section 3.03(c) with (x) one or more SOFR-Based Rates or (y) another alternate benchmark rate giving due consideration to any evolving or then existing convention for similar U.S. dollar denominated syndicated credit facilities for such alternative benchmarks and, in each case, including any mathematical or other adjustments to such benchmark giving due consideration to any evolving or then existing convention for similar U.S. dollar denominated syndicated credit facilities for such benchmarks which adjustment or method for calculating such adjustment shall be published on an information service as selected by the Administrative Agent from time to time in its reasonable discretion and may be periodically updated (the “Adjustment;” and any such proposed rate, a “LIBOR Successor Rate”), and any such amendment shall become effective at 5:00 p.m. on the fifth Business Day after the Administrative Agent shall have posted such proposed amendment to all Lenders and the Borrowers unless, prior to such time, Lenders comprising the Required Lenders have delivered to the Administrative Agent written notice that such Required Lenders (A) in the case of an amendment to replace LIBOR with a rate described in clause (x), object to the Adjustment; or (B) in the case of an amendment to replace LIBOR with a rate described in clause (y), object to such amendment; provided that for the avoidance of doubt, in the case of clause (A), the Required Lenders shall not be entitled to object to any SOFR-Based Rate contained in any such amendment. Such LIBOR Successor Rate shall be applied in a manner consistent with market practice; provided that to the extent such market practice is not administratively feasible for the Administrative Agent, such LIBOR Successor Rate shall be applied in a manner as otherwise reasonably determined by the Administrative Agent.

(d)If no LIBOR Successor Rate has been determined and the circumstances under clause (c)(i) above exist or the Scheduled Unavailability Date has occurred (as applicable),the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify each Borrower and each Lender. Thereafter, (i) the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be suspended, (to the extent of the affected Eurodollar Rate Loans or Interest Periods), and (ii) the Eurodollar Rate component shall no longer be utilized in determining the Base Rate. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrowers may revoke any pending request for a Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans (to the extent of the affected Eurodollar Rate Loans or Interest Periods) or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans (subject to the foregoing clause (ii)) in the amount specified therein.

(e)Notwithstanding anything else herein, any definition of LIBOR Successor Rate shall provide that in no event shall such LIBOR Successor Rate be less than zero for purposes of this Agreement.

(f)In connection with the implementation of a LIBOR Successor Rate, the Administrative Agent will have the right to make LIBOR Successor Rate Conforming Changes from time to time and, notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in any other Loan Document, any amendments

implementing such LIBOR Successor Rate Conforming Changes will become effective without any further action or consent of any other party to this Agreement; provided that, with respect to any such amendment effected, the Administrative Agent shall post each such amendment implementing such LIBOR Successor Conforming Changes to the Lenders reasonably promptly after such amendment becomes effective.

(g)For purposes hereof:

(i)“LIBOR Successor Rate Conforming Changes” means, with respect to any proposed LIBOR Successor Rate, any conforming changes to the definition of Base Rate, Interest Period, timing and frequency of determining rates and making payments of interest and other technical, administrative or operational matters as may be appropriate, in the discretion of the Administrative Agent, in consultation with the Borrowers, to reflect the adoption and implementation of such LIBOR Successor Rate and to permit the administration thereof by the Administrative Agent in a manner substantially consistent with market practice (or, if the Administrative Agent determines that adoption of any portion of such market practice is not administratively feasible or that no market practice for the administration of such LIBOR Successor Rate exists, in such other manner of administration as the Administrative Agent, in consultation with the Borrowers, determines is reasonably necessary in connection with the administration of this Agreement);

(ii)“Relevant Governmental Body”means the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or a committee officially endorsed or convened by the Federal Reserve Board and/or the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for the purpose of recommending a benchmark rate to replace LIBOR in loan agreements similar to this Agreement;

(iii)“SOFR”with respect to any day means the secured overnight financing rate published for such day by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as the administrator of the benchmark (or a successor administrator)on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s website and that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body;

(iv)“SOFR-Based Rate” means SOFR or Term SOFR; and

(v)“Term SOFR”means the forward-looking term rate for any period that is approximately (as determined by the Administrative Agent) as long as any of the Interest Period options set forth in the definition of “Interest Period” and that is based on SOFR and that has been selected or recommended by the Relevant Governmental Body ,in each case as published on an information service as selected by the Administrative Agent from time to time in its reasonable discretion.

3.12Article VI is amended to add new Sections 6.23 and 6.24 immediately following Section 6.22 to read as follows:

6.23Covered Entities.

No Loan Party is a Covered Entity.

6.24Beneficial Ownership Certification.

To the knowledge of the Parent Borrower, the information included in the Beneficial Ownership Certification delivered to any Lender in connection with this Agreement on or prior to the effective date of the First Amendment to this Agreement, if applicable, is true and correct in all respects.

3.13Section 7.03 is amended to renumber the existing clause (d) as clause (e) and to insert a new clause (d) to read as follows:

(d)to the extent any Loan Party qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, any change in the information provided in the Beneficial Ownership Certification delivered to any Lender pursuant to this Agreement, if any, in relation to such Loan Party that would result in a change to the list of beneficial owners identified in such certification (accompanied by an updated Beneficial Ownership Certification); and

3.14Section 11.01 is amended to delete the word “and” after clause (v) following the “provided, however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein,”, replace the “.” at the end of clause (vi) with a “,” and to add a new clause (vii) immediately following clause (vi) thereof to read as follows:

(vii) this Agreement may be amended by the Borrowers and the Administrative Agent to replace LIBOR with a LIBOR Successor Rate and to make such other changes to this Agreement in connection therewith, in each case pursuant to, and in accordance with, the procedures set forth in Section 3.03(c).

3.15Article XI is amended to add a new Section 11.22 immediately following Section 11.21 to read as follows:

Section 11.22Acknowledgement Regarding Any Supported QFCs.

To the extent that the Loan Documents provide support, through a guarantee or otherwise, for any Swap Contract or any other agreement or instrument that is a QFC (such support, “QFC Credit Support”, and each such QFC, a “Supported QFC”), the parties acknowledge and agree that, with respect to the resolution power of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (together with the regulations promulgated thereunder, the “U.S. Special Resolution Regimes”) in respect of such Supported QFC and QFC Credit Support (with the provisions below applicable notwithstanding that the Loan Documents and any Supported QFC may in fact be stated to be governed by the laws of the State of New York and/or of the U.S. or any other state of the U.S.), in the event a Covered Entity that is party to a Supported QFC (each, a “Covered Party”) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer of such Supported QFC and the benefit of such QFC Credit Support (and any interest and obligation in or under such Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support, and any rights in property securing such Supported QFC or such QFC Credit Support) from such Covered Party will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under such U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and such QFC Credit Support (and any such interest, obligation and rights in property) were governed by the laws of the U.S. or a state of the U.S. In the event a Covered Party or a BHC Act Affiliate of a Covered Party becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under the Loan Documents that might otherwise apply to such Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support that may be exercised against such Covered Party are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under such U.S. Special Resolution Regime if the Supported QFC and the Loan Documents were governed by the laws of the U.S. or a state of the U.S. Without limitation of the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that rights and remedies of the parties with respect to a Defaulting Lender shall in no event affect the rights of any Covered Party with respect to a Supported QFC or any QFC Credit Support.”

4.Conditions Precedent. This Amendment shall become effective as of the date hereof upon satisfaction of each of the following conditions precedent in each case in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent:

(a)Amendment. Receipt by the Administrative Agent of executed counterparts of this Amendment duly executed by the appropriate parties thereto.

(b)Certified Resolutions. Receipt by the Administrative Agent, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, of a certificate of each Loan Party, dated as of the date hereof, signed by a

Responsible Officer of such Loan Party, certifying and attaching resolutions adopted by the board of directors or equivalent governing body of such Loan Party approving this Amendment and the transactions contemplated hereby.

(c)Opinions of Counsel. Receipt by the Administrative Agent of favorable opinions of legal counsel to the Loan Parties, in each case, addressed to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, dated as of the date hereof.

(d)Pro Forma Compliance Certificate. The Borrowers shall have delivered a Pro Forma Compliance Certificate to the Administrative Agent demonstrating that after giving effect to this Amendment and the transactions contemplated herein, including the incurrence of the Increased Commitments, on a Pro Forma Basis, the Loan Parties will be in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Section 8.11 of the Credit Agreement, recomputed as of the end of the Applicable Period.

(e)Expenses. The Borrowers shall have paid all accrued reasonable and documented expenses required to be paid on or before the date hereof pursuant to the Credit Agreement, including the reasonable out-of-pocket fees and expenses of counsel for the Administrative Agent to the extent invoiced and provided to the Parent Borrower prior to the date of this Amendment.

5.Amendment is a “Loan Document”. This Amendment is a Loan Document and all references to a “Loan Document” in the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including, without limitation, all such references in the representations and warranties in the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents) shall be deemed to include this Amendment.

6.Representations and Warranties; No Default. The Loan Parties represent and warrant to the Administrative Agent that, on and as of the date hereof, immediately after giving effect to this Amendment, (a) the representations and warranties of each Loan Party contained in Article V of the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, or which are contained in any report, certificate or similar document executed and delivered by the Borrowers or any other Loan Party and furnished at any time under or in connection with this Amendment or the Credit Agreement, or furnished pursuant to Article II, Article V or Sections 7.01, 7.02 or 7.03 of the Credit Agreement, are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the effective date of this Amendment, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date and (b) no Default or Event of Default exists on the effective date of this Amendment or would exist immediately after giving effect to this Amendment.

7.Reaffirmation of Obligations. Each Loan Party (a) acknowledges and consents to all of the terms and conditions of this Amendment, (b) affirms all of its obligations under the Loan Documents and (c) agrees that this Amendment and all documents, agreements and instruments executed in connection with this Amendment do not operate to reduce or discharge each Loan Party’s obligations under the Loan Documents.

8.No Other Changes. Except as modified hereby, all of the terms and provisions of the Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect.

9.Counterparts/Facsimile. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Amendment by telecopy or other electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif” format) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Amendment.

10.Governing Law. This Amendment shall be deemed to be a contract made under, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

[Signature Pages Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this First Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first written above.

BORROWERS: FORWARD AIR CORPORATION, a Tennessee corporation

By: /s/ Michael J. Morris

Name:Michael J. Morris

Title:Chief Financial Officer

FORWARD AIR, INC., a Tennessee corporation

By: /s/ Michael J. Morris

Name:Michael J. Morris

Title:Chief Financial Officer

GUARANTORS:FAF, INC., a Tennessee corporation

FORWARD AIR SOLUTIONS, INC., a Tennessee corporation

FORWARD AIR TECHNOLOGY AND LOGISTICS SERVICES, INC.,

a Tennessee corporation

TQI HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation

FORWARD AIR LOGISTICS SERVICES, INC., a Michigan corporation

TQI INC., a Michigan corporation

CENTRAL STATES TRUCKING CO., a Delaware corporation

CENTRAL STATES LOGISTICS, INC., an Illinois corporation

FACSBI, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

Towne Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

TAF, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company

Towne Air Freight, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company

FORWARD AIR SERVICES, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

FORWARD AIR FINAL MILE, LLC, a Tennessee limited liability company

FFM, LLC, a Tennessee limited liability company

By: /s/ Michael J. Morris

Name:Michael J. Morris

Title:Chief Financial Officer

FORWARD AIR ROYALTY, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

By: /s/ Matthew J. Jewell

Name:Matthew J. Jewell

Title:President

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.

By: /s/ Charlene Wright-Jones

Name:Charlene Wright-Jones

Title: Vice President

LENDERS: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

as a Lender, L/C Issuer and Swing Line Lender

By: /s/ John M. Hall

Name:John M. Hall

Title:Senior Vice President

U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

By: /s/Eric M. Herm

Name:Eric M. Herm

Title:Assistant Vice President

Addendum I

Increased Commitments

Lender	Increased Commitment
Bank of America, N.A.	$37,500,000.00
U.S. Bank National Association	$37,500,000.00
Total:	$75,000,000.00

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a))

I, Tom Schmitt, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 of Forward Air Corporation;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)        Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)         Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)          Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)          Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)          All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)          Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2020
	/s/ Tom Schmitt
	Tom Schmitt President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a))

I, Michael J. Morris, certify that:

1 I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 of Forward Air Corporation;

2 Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3 Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4 The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)       Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)       Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)        Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)        Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5 The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)        All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)        Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2020
	/s/ Michael J. Morris
	Michael J. Morris Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10Q of Forward Air Corporation (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Tom Schmitt, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1 The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 1, 2020
	/s/ Tom Schmitt
	Tom Schmitt President and Chief Executive Officer

    A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Forward Air Corporation and will be retained by Forward Air Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10Q of Forward Air Corporation (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Michael J. Morris, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1 The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2 The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 1, 2020
	/s/ Michael J. Morris
	Michael J. Morris Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

    A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Forward Air Corporation and will be retained by Forward Air Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating revenue	$ 342,509	$ 321,471
Operating expenses:
Purchased transportation	160,134	144,014
Salaries, wages and employee benefits	86,672	76,362
Operating leases	23,564	19,173
Depreciation and amortization	10,629	10,827
Insurance and claims	11,770	9,371
Fuel expense	5,340	5,608
Other operating expenses	32,698	31,382
Total operating expenses	330,807	296,737
Income from operations	11,702	24,734
Other expense:
Interest expense	853	575
Other, net	0	1
Total other expense	853	576
Income before income taxes	10,849	24,158
Income tax expense	2,474	5,751
Net income and comprehensive income	$ 8,375	$ 18,407
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.64
Diluted (in dollars per share)	0.30	0.64
Dividends per share:
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.18

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Shareholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Feb. 05, 2019	Jul. 21, 2016
Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18				$ 0.18
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Shares	268,000				230,000
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, In Total Dollars	$ 15,259				$ 14,181
Repurchase of Common Stock, Average Cost Per Share	$ 56.93				$ 61.69
Common Stock [Member]
Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.18	$ 0.18	$ 0.18	$ 0.18
2016 Stock Repurchase Plan [Member]
Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock Repurchase Program, Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased							3,000,000
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Shares					68,000
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, In Total Dollars					$ 3,850
Repurchase of Common Stock, Average Cost Per Share					$ 56.97
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased	0
2019 Stock Repurchase Plan [Member]
Shareholders' Equity [Line Items]
Stock Repurchase Program, Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased						5,000,000
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, Shares	268,000				162,000
Stock Repurchased and Retired During Period, In Total Dollars	$ 15,259				$ 10,331
Repurchase of Common Stock, Average Cost Per Share	$ 56.93				$ 63.66
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased	3,887,000

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Forward Air Corporation ("the Company", "We", "Our") is a leading asset-light freight and logistics company. Forward Air Corporation's services are classified into three principal reportable segments: Expedited Freight, Intermodal and Pool Distribution ("Pool") (See Note 13).

Through the Expedited Freight segment, the Company operates a comprehensive national network to provide expedited regional, inter-regional and national less-than-truckload ("LTL") services. Expedited Freight offers customers local pick-up and delivery and other services including final mile, truckload, shipment consolidation and deconsolidation, warehousing, customs brokerage and other handling.

The Company's Intermodal segment provides first- and last-mile high value intermodal container drayage services both to and from seaports and railheads. Intermodal also offers dedicated contract and container freight station ("CFS") warehouse and handling services. Today, Intermodal operates primarily in the Midwest and Southeast, with a smaller operational presence in the Southwest United States.

In the Pool segment, the Company provides high-frequency handling and distribution of time sensitive product to numerous destinations within a specific geographic region. The Company offers this service throughout the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest and Southwest United States.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The Company’s operating results are subject to seasonal trends (as described in the Company's 2019 Form 10-K) when measured on a quarterly basis; therefore operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Forward Air Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include Forward Air Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial information to conform to the current year presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In particular, management has made estimates and assumptions related to the impact of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") on its business. COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. To help lessen its spread, many countries have implemented travel restrictions and/or required companies to limit or suspend business operations. These actions have disrupted supply chains and company operations around the world. The current environment resulting from COVID-19 is unprecedented and comes with a great deal of uncertainty as discussed further throughout this document.

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Income Taxes (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Effective statutory federal income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%
Effective Income Tax Rate, Continuing Operations	22.80%	23.80%

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Share-Based Payments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Employee Stock Option [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation, Activity [Table Text Block]

The weighted-average fair value of options granted and assumptions used to estimate their fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020
Expected dividend yield	1.1		%
Expected stock price volatility	24.1		%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.5		%
Expected life of options (years)	5.9
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	14.79

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee stock option activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
							Weighted-
			Weighted-				Average
			Average		Aggregate		Remaining
			Exercise		Intrinsic		Contractual
	Options		Price		Value		Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	431		$	53
Granted	36		66
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(2	)	60
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	465		$	54	$	3,017	4.1
Exercisable at March 31, 2020	330		$	51	$	3,364	3.5

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for options	$	327	$	439
Tax benefit for option compensation	$	75	$	105
Unrecognized compensation cost for options	$	1,671	$	2,768
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	1.7

Employee Non-vested Shares [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block]

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	277		$	58
Granted	117		66
Vested	(104	)	67
Forfeited	(6	)	62
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	284		$	63	$	17,758

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	1,938	$	2,042
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	442	$	486
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	13,963	$	15,251
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.2

Key Employee Performance Share Based Plan [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Performance-Based Units, Vested and Expected to Vest [Table Text Block]

The fair value of the performance shares granted based on the three-year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following table contains the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance shares granted using the Monte Carlo simulation. These assumptions are subjective and changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Expected stock price volatility	23.5	%	23.4	%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.4	%	2.5	%

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee performance share activity, assuming median share awards, and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Performance		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	62		$	62
Granted	40		69
Additional shares awarded based on performance	13		51
Vested	(35	)	51
Forfeited	(4	)	66
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	76		$	67	$	5,135

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for performance shares	$	740	$	348
Tax benefit for performance share compensation	$	169	$	83
Unrecognized compensation cost for performance shares	$	3,695	$	2,806
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.5

Nonemployee Director Nonvested Shares Granted Member

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity [Table Text Block]

The following tables summarize the Company’s non-employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
		Weighted-
		Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested	Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares	Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	16	$	62
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	16	$	62	$	990

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	261	$	218
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	60	$	52
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	106	$	142
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	0.1

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of segment information

The following tables summarize segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	250,673	$	52,455	$	39,382		$	(1	)	$	342,509
Intersegment revenues	485		5		42			(532		)	—
Depreciation	4,858		1,053		1,097			8			7,016
Amortization	1,788		1,568		257			—			3,613
Share-based compensation expense	2,667		389		188			22			3,266
Interest expense	3		54		—			796			853
Income (loss) from operations	14,698		3,713		(3,562		)	(3,147		)	11,702
Total assets	773,917		213,060		98,254			(18,995		)	1,066,236
Capital expenditures	2,405		246		521			—			3,172
	Three months ended March 31, 2019 (As Adjusted)
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	222,278	$	54,097	$	45,096		$	—		$	321,471
Intersegment revenues	705		18		89			(812		)	—
Depreciation	6,532		469		1,315			—			8,316
Amortization	847		1,407		257			—			2,511
Share-based compensation expense	2,169		531		182			165			3,047
Interest expense	1		13		—			561			575
Income (loss) from operations	20,388		6,181		1,251			(3,086		)	24,734
Total assets	641,525		182,489		102,678			(41,115		)	885,577
Capital expenditures	2,237		73		1,780			—			4,090

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Share-Based Payments - Employee Activity Non-vested Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 3,266	$ 3,047
Employee Non-vested Shares [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Grants, vesting period (in years)	3 years
Outstanding and non-vested, beginning of period (in shares)	277
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Gross	117
Shares Vested in Period	(104)
Shares Forfeited in Period	(6)
Outstanding and non-vested, end of period (in shares)	284
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, beginning of period	$ 58
Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	66
Vested in Period, Weighed-average grant date fair value	67
Forfeited in period (in dollars per share)	62
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, end of period	$ 63
Outstanding and non-vested, aggregate grant date fair value	$ 17,758
Share-based compensation expense	1,938	2,042
Tax benefit related to share-based expense	442	486
Unrecognized share-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures	$ 13,963	$ 15,251
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2 years 2 months 12 days

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets - Intermodal Acquisitions (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 14, 2019 USD ($)
OST [Member]
Business Acquisition, Cash Paid	$ 12,000

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Self-Insurance Reserves

From time to time, the Company is party to ordinary, routine litigation incidental to and arising in the normal course of business.  The Company does not believe that any of these pending actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The primary claims in the Company’s business relate to workers’ compensation, property damage, vehicle liability and employee medical benefits. Most of the Company’s insurance coverage provides for self-insurance levels with primary and excess coverage which management believes is sufficient to adequately protect the Company from catastrophic claims. Such insurance coverage above the applicable self-insurance levels continues to be an important part of the Company's risk management process.

In the opinion of management, adequate provision has been made for all incurred claims up to the self-insured limits, including provision for estimated claims incurred but not reported. The Company is responsible for the first $7,500 per incident until it meets the $6,000 aggregate deductible for incidents resulting in claims between $3,000 and $5,000 and the $2,500 aggregate deductible for incidents resulting in claims between $5,000 and $10,000. Due to the uncertainty of the ultimate resolution of outstanding claims, as well as uncertainty regarding claims incurred but not reported, it is possible that management’s provision for these losses could change materially in the near term. However, no estimate can currently be made of the range of additional loss that is at least reasonably possible.

Purchase Commitments

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had commitments to purchase forklifts and trailer rollerbeds for approximately $2,508 during 2020.

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets

Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets

Expedited Freight Acquisitions

As part of the Company's strategy to expand final mile pickup and delivery operations, in January 2020, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Linn Star Holdings, Inc., Linn Star Transfer, Inc. and Linn Star Logistics, LLC (collectively, “Linn Star”) for $57,239. This acquisition increased the Company's Final Mile capabilities with an additional 20 locations. In addition, in April 2019, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of FSA Network, Inc., doing business as FSA Logistix (“FSA”), for $27,000 and a potential earnout of up to $15,000. Both transactions were funded using cash flows from operations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been assigned to the Expedited Freight reportable segment.

The FSA acquisition agreement provides the sellers an earnout opportunity of up to $15,000 based on the achievement of certain revenue milestones over two one-year periods, beginning May 1, 2019. Upon acquisition, the fair value of the earn-out liability was $11,803 and is included in other current and long-term liabilities in the opening condensed consolidated balance sheet. The earn-out liability was classified as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“the FASB Codification”) and the value was determined based on estimated revenues and the probability of achieving them. The fair value was based on the two-year performance of FSA's

acquired customer revenue and was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The initial weighted average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation are summarized in the following table:

	FSA Earn-out
	April 21, 2019	December 31, 2019	March 31, 2020
Risk-free rate	2.9%	2.2%	4.5%
Revenue discount rate	4.4%	4.4%	3.1%
Revenue volatility	3.0%	5.0%	6.0%

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the earn-out fair value decreased $594 to $11,176, $5,661 of which is classified as a current liability. The change in fair value is included in other operating expenses and is based on changes in expected cash flows. As of March 31, 2020, the expected total earn-out to be paid was $12,583. The current portion of the earn-out is expected to be paid in the second quarter of 2020.

Intermodal Acquisitions

As part of the Company's strategy to expand its Intermodal operations, in July 2019, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of O.S.T. Logistics, Inc. and O.S.T. Trucking Co., Inc. (together referred to as “OST”) for $12,000. OST is a drayage company and expanded the Company's intermodal footprint on the East Coast, primarily in Baltimore, Maryland, with additional locations in Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia. This transaction was funded using cash flows from operations. The assets, liabilities, and operating results of the acquisition have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition and have been included in the Intermodal reportable segment.

Allocations of Purchase Price

The following table presents the allocations of the previously discussed acquisition purchase prices to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values and resulting residual goodwill (in thousands):

	FSA		OST		Linn Star
	April 21, 2019		July 14, 2019		January 12, 2020
Tangible assets:
Cash	$	202	$	—	$	1,308
Other receivables	1,491		—		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		—		1,182
Property and equipment	40		10,371		605
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total tangible assets	4,942		12,043		13,106
Intangible assets:
Non-compete agreements	900		850		650
Customer relationships	17,900		5,700		33,300
Goodwill	19,963		2,050		21,534
Total intangible assets	38,763		8,600		55,484
Total assets acquired	43,705		20,643		68,590
Liabilities assumed:
Current liabilities	8,466		—		1,340
Other liabilities	5,030		—		—
Debt and finance lease obligations	—		6,971		—
Operating lease obligations	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total liabilities assumed	16,705		8,643		11,351
Net assets acquired	$	27,000	$	12,000	$	57,239

The above purchase price allocations are preliminary as the Company is still in the process of finalizing the valuation of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed. The above estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date through the date of this filing. The acquired definite-lived intangible assets have the following useful lives:

	Useful Lives
	FSA	OST	Linn Star
Non-compete agreements	5 years	3 years	1 year
Customer relationships	15 years	10 years	15 years

The fair value of the non-compete agreements and customer relationships were estimated using an income approach (level 3). Under this method, an intangible asset's fair value is equal to the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows (excess earnings) attributable solely to the intangible asset over its remaining useful life. To estimate fair value, the Company used cash flows discounted at rates considered appropriate given the inherent risks associated with each type of asset. The Company believed the level and timing of cash flows appropriately reflected market participant assumptions. Cash flows were assumed to extend through the remaining economic useful life of each class of intangible asset.

Goodwill

Goodwill is allocated to reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business combinations generating the goodwill. The Company has five reporting units - Expedited LTL, Truckload, Final Mile, Intermodal and Pool. The Company conducted its annual impairment assessments and tests of goodwill for each reporting unit as of June 30, 2019 and no impairment charges were required.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company performed a qualitative assessment and evaluated if indicators of an impairment exist, especially considering the impact from COVID-19. While the Company's business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, specifically its Pool business, the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that the carrying value of any of its reporting units exceeds its fair value. The Company expects the second quarter of 2020 to also be negatively impacted by COVID-19, with a slow sequential recovery in the second half of the year, but does not believe these short-term disruptions to the business have significantly reduced the Company's long-term cash flows such that any of its reporting units' fair values are below its carrying values. As a result, as of March 31, 2020, no goodwill impairments were identified.

The following is a summary of the Company's goodwill as of March 31, 2020. Approximately $163,496 of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

	Beginning balance, December 31, 2019			Linn Star Acquisition		Ending balance, March 31, 2020
Expedited LTL
Goodwill	$	97,593		$	—	$	97,593
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Truckload
Goodwill	45,164			—		45,164
Accumulated Impairment	(25,686		)	—		(25,686		)
Final Mile
Goodwill	19,963			21,534		41,497
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Intermodal
Goodwill	78,665			—		78,665
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Pool Distribution
Goodwill	12,359			—		12,359
Accumulated Impairment	(6,953		)	—		(6,953		)
Total
Goodwill	253,744			21,534		275,278
Accumulated Impairment	(32,639		)	—		(32,639		)
	$	221,105		$	21,534	$	242,639

Other Long-Lived Assets

The Company tests its long-lived assets (asset groups) for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Management evaluates long-lived assets for impairment at the lowest level for which cashflows are identifiable. In general, these assets are reviewed at the reporting unit level, discussed above, by significant

asset category. Examples of significant asset categories include land, buildings, tractors, trailers, other equipment, leasehold improvements, right-of-use lease assets, customer relationships, non-compete agreements, software and inventory.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company evaluated if indicators of an impairment exist, especially considering the impact from COVID-19. As discussed above, although the Company's business has been negatively impacted by COVID-19, the Company does not believe these short-term disruptions to the business have significantly reduced the Company's long-term cash flows. As such, of March 31, 2020, the Company believes all of its assets were recoverable and no impairments to the Company's long-lived assets were identified.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various states and Canada. With a few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or Canadian examinations by tax authorities for years before 2012.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the effective income tax rates varied from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily as a result of the effect of state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, and permanent differences between book and tax net income. The combined federal and state effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was 22.8% compared to a rate of 23.8% for the same period in 2019.  The lower effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily the result of a refund for Tennessee tax credits and increased stock based compensation vesting as a percentage of income before income taxes. This was partially offset by increased executive compensation as a percentage of income before income taxes, which was not deductible for income tax purposes.

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Share-Based Payments - Employee Activity Performance Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 3,266	$ 3,047
Key Employee Performance Share Based Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Period of years over which performance is calculated	3 years
Percentage of grant based on meeting EBITDA per share targets	50.00%
Percentage of grant based on three year performance of Company's TSR as compared to TSR of peer group	50.00%
Minimum percentage of shares attainable based on EBITDA per share targets	0.00%
Maximum percentage of shares attainable based on EBITDA per share targets	200.00%
Minimum percentage of shares attainable based on total shareholder return targets	0.00%
Minimum percentage of peer group by which Company share price must outperform before incremental performance shares are issued	25.00%
Maximum percentage of shares attainable based on total shareholder return targets	200.00%
Percentage of Peer Group By Which Company Share Price Must Outperform Before Maximum Incremental Shares Are Issued	90.00%
Expected Stock Price Volatility Rate	23.50%	23.40%
Weighted Average Risk Free Interest Rate	1.40%	2.50%
Outstanding and non-vested, beginning of period (in shares)	62
Grants in Period	40
Additional Shares Awarded Based on Performance, Shares Issued in Period	13
Shares Vested in Period	(35)
Shares Forfeited in Period	(4)
Outstanding and non-vested, end of period (in shares)	76
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, beginning of period	$ 62
Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	69
Stock Issued During Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	51
Vested in Period, Weighed-average grant date fair value	51
Forfeited in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	66
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, end of period	$ 67
Outstanding and non-vested, aggregate grant date fair value	$ 5,135
Share-based compensation expense	740	$ 348
Tax benefit related to share-based expense	169	83
Unrecognized share-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures	$ 3,695	$ 2,806
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2 years 6 months

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets - Allocations of Purchase Price (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 12, 2020	Jul. 14, 2019	Apr. 21, 2019	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating lease, right-of-use asset				$ 171,242	$ 151,657
Goodwill				242,639	$ 221,105
Finance Lease, Liability				6,149
FSA [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and Equivalents			$ 202
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Receivables			1,491
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment			40
Operating lease, right-of-use asset			3,209
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Total Liabilities Assumed, Total Tangible Assets			4,942
Goodwill			19,963
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles			38,763
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets			43,705
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities			8,466
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Noncurrent Liabilities			5,030
Operating Lease, Liability			3,209
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities			16,705
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net			27,000
OST [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment		$ 10,371
Operating lease, right-of-use asset		1,672
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Total Liabilities Assumed, Total Tangible Assets		12,043
Goodwill		2,050
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles		8,600
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets		20,643
Finance Lease, Liability		6,971
Operating Lease, Liability		1,672
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities		8,643
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net		12,000
Linn Star [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Cash and Equivalents	$ 1,308
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Assets, Prepaid Expense and Other Assets	1,182
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Property, Plant, and Equipment	605
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	10,011
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Total Liabilities Assumed, Total Tangible Assets	13,106
Goodwill	21,534			$ 21,534
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Finite-Lived Intangibles	55,484
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Assets	68,590
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Current Liabilities	1,340
Operating Lease, Liability	10,011
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Liabilities	11,351
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Net	57,239
Noncompete Agreements [Member] | FSA [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill			$ 900
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life			5 years
Noncompete Agreements [Member] | OST [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill		$ 850
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life		3 years
Noncompete Agreements [Member] | Linn Star [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill	$ 650
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	1 year
Customer Relationships [Member] | FSA [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill			$ 17,900
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life			15 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | OST [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill		$ 5,700
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life		10 years
Customer Relationships [Member] | Linn Star [Member]
Business Combination, Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed, Intangible Assets, Other than Goodwill	$ 33,300
Acquired Finite-lived Intangible Assets, Weighted Average Useful Life	15 years

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Revenue [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

The Company's revenue is generated from providing transportation and related services to customers in accordance with contractual agreements, bill of lading ("BOL") contracts and general tariff provisions. Related services include accessorial charges such as terminal handling, storage, equipment rentals and customs brokerage. These services are distinct and are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Generally, the Company's performance obligations begin when a customer's BOL is received and are satisfied when the delivery of a shipment and related services are completed. The Company generally recognizes revenue for its services over time to coincide with when its customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of these services. Performance obligations are short-term with transit days typically less than a week. Upon delivery of a shipment or related service, customers are billed and remit payment according to payment terms.

The Company's revenue from contracts with customers is disclosed within three reportable segments: Expedited Freight, Intermodal and Pool. This is consistent with disclosures in earnings releases and annual reports and with the information regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker for evaluating financial performance. See additional discussion in Note 13, Segment Reporting.

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Net Income Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net income and comprehensive income	$	8,375		$	18,407
Income allocated to participating securities	(67		)	(208		)
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share - net income	$	8,308		$	18,199
Denominator:
Denominator for basic income per share - weighted-average shares	27,846			28,530
Effect of dilutive stock options	55			76
Effect of dilutive performance shares	47			42
Denominator for diluted income per share - adjusted weighted-average shares	27,948			28,648
Basic net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64
Diluted net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64

The number of instruments that could potentially dilute net income per basic share in the future, but that were not included in the computation of net income per diluted share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019
Anti-dilutive stock options	203	195
Anti-dilutive performance shares	24	8
Anti-dilutive non-vested shares and deferred stock units	75	—
Total anti-dilutive shares	302	203

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Shareholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders' Equity

During each quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020, the Company's Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.18 per share of common stock. The Company expects to continue to pay regular quarterly cash dividends, though each subsequent quarterly dividend is subject to review and approval by the Board of Directors.

On July 21, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase authorization for up to 3,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the "2016 Repurchase Plan"). On February 5, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors canceled the Company’s 2016 Repurchase Plan and approved a new stock repurchase plan authorizing up to 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2019 Repurchase Plan”) that shall remain in effect until such time as the shares authorized for repurchase are exhausted or the plan is canceled.  The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares and may suspend or cancel the plan at any time. The Company does not expect to repurchase any shares under this plan during the second quarter of 2020.

The following tables summarize the Company's share repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020					March 31, 2019
	Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share		Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share
2016 Repurchase Plan	—	$	—	$	—	68	$	3,850	$	56.97
2019 Repurchase Plan	268	15,259		56.93		162	10,331		63.66
Total	268	$	15,259	$	56.93	230	$	14,181	$	61.69

As of March 31, 2020, 3,887 shares were available to be purchased under the 2019 Plan.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability	$ 7,500
Purchase Commitment, Remaining Minimum Amount Committed	2,508
Aggregate deductible for claims between $3,000 and $5,000 [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additional deductible	6,000
Aggregate deductible for claims between $3,000 and $5,000 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additonal deductible applicable range	3,000
Aggregate deductible for claims between $3,000 and $5,000 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additonal deductible applicable range	5,000
Aggregate deductible for claims between $5,000 and $10,000 [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additional deductible	2,500
Aggregate deductible for claims between $5,000 and $10,000 [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additonal deductible applicable range	5,000
Aggregate deductible for claims between $5,000 and $10,000 [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Self-insurance retention liability additonal deductible applicable range	$ 10,000

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Recent Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which replaces the incurred loss methodology previously employed to measure credit losses for most financial assets and requires the use of a forward-looking expected loss model. Under current accounting guidance, credit losses are recognized when it is probable a loss has been incurred. The updated guidance will require financial assets to be measured at amortized costs less a reserve, equal to the net amount expected

to be collected. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2020, which resulted in the Company revising its allowance for doubtful accounts policy on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

The Company has a broad range of customers, including freight forwarders, third-party logistics (“3PL”) companies, passenger and cargo airlines, steamship lines, and retailers, located across a diverse geography. In addition, the Company does not have a significant concentration of credit risk; no single customer accounts for more than 10% of its consolidated revenue. In circumstances in which the Company is aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to the Company (for example, bankruptcy filings, accounts turned over for collection, or litigation), the Company records a specific reserve for these bad debts against amounts due, in order to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes a general reserve based on a percentage of revenue to ensure accounts receivables are properly recorded at the net amount expected to be collected. Management evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivables at least quarterly and sets the reserve based on historical and current collection history and reasonable and supportable forecasts about any expected changes to our collection experience in the future due to changing economic conditions. If circumstances change (i.e., the Company experiences higher than expected defaults or an unexpected material adverse change in a customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to the Company), the estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to the Company could be changed by a material amount. Accounts are written off after all means of collection, including legal action, have been exhausted.

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jan. 12, 2020
Finance lease, minimum remaining years in lease term	2 years
Finance lease, maximum remaining years in lease term	7 years
Linn Star [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability		$ 10,011
Facility Lease [Member]
Operating lease, minimum years in renewal option	1 year
Operating lease, maximum years in renewal option	10 years
Equipment Lease [Member]
Operating lease, minimum years in renewal option	1 year
Operating lease, maximum years in renewal option	3 years
Operating leases, minimum term of equipment leases	2 years
Operating leases, maximum term of equipment leases	6 years
Operating leases, minimum term of future equiment leases	3 years
Operating leases, maximum term of future equiment leases	4 years

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Document And Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Apr. 27, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-22490
Entity Registrant Name	FORWARD AIR CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	TN
Entity Tax Identification Number	62-1120025
Entity Address, Address Line One	1915 Snapps Ferry Road
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Building N
Entity Address, City or Town	Greeneville
Entity Address, State or Province	TN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	37745
City Area Code	423
Local Phone Number	636-7000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	FWRD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		27,974,687
Entity Central Index Key	0000912728
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 8,375	$ 18,407
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	10,629	10,827
Change in fair value of earn-out liability	(594)	0
Share-based compensation	3,266	3,047
Gain on disposal of property and equipment, net	(38)	(61)
(Recovery of) provision for loss on receivables	(180)	629
Provision for revenue adjustments	1,041	540
Deferred income tax expense	1,545	836
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	6,102	4,567
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	907	2,699
Income taxes	1,519	4,631
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(3,406)	(4,596)
Net cash provided by operating activities	29,166	41,526
Investing activities:
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment	750	407
Purchases of property and equipment	(3,172)	(4,090)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	(55,931)	0
Other	0	(6)
Net cash used in investing activities	(58,353)	(3,689)
Financing activities:
Payments of finance lease obligations	(336)	(68)
Proceeds from senior credit facility	65,000	0
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	0	830
Payments of cash dividends	(5,050)	(5,189)
Repurchase of common stock (repurchase program)	(15,259)	(14,181)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(2,672)	(2,721)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	41,683	(21,329)
Net increase in cash	12,496	16,508
Cash at beginning of period	64,749	25,657
Cash at end of period	$ 77,245	$ 42,165

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Goodwill [Line Items]

Schedule of Business Acquisitions by Acquisition, Contingent Consideration [Table Text Block]

The initial weighted average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation are summarized in the following table:

	FSA Earn-out
	April 21, 2019	December 31, 2019	March 31, 2020
Risk-free rate	2.9%	2.2%	4.5%
Revenue discount rate	4.4%	4.4%	3.1%
Revenue volatility	3.0%	5.0%	6.0%

Schedule of Business Acquisitions, by Acquisition [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the allocations of the previously discussed acquisition purchase prices to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values and resulting residual goodwill (in thousands):

	FSA		OST		Linn Star
	April 21, 2019		July 14, 2019		January 12, 2020
Tangible assets:
Cash	$	202	$	—	$	1,308
Other receivables	1,491		—		—
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	—		—		1,182
Property and equipment	40		10,371		605
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total tangible assets	4,942		12,043		13,106
Intangible assets:
Non-compete agreements	900		850		650
Customer relationships	17,900		5,700		33,300
Goodwill	19,963		2,050		21,534
Total intangible assets	38,763		8,600		55,484
Total assets acquired	43,705		20,643		68,590
Liabilities assumed:
Current liabilities	8,466		—		1,340
Other liabilities	5,030		—		—
Debt and finance lease obligations	—		6,971		—
Operating lease obligations	3,209		1,672		10,011
Total liabilities assumed	16,705		8,643		11,351
Net assets acquired	$	27,000	$	12,000	$	57,239

Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class [Table Text Block]

The acquired definite-lived intangible assets have the following useful lives:

	Useful Lives
	FSA	OST	Linn Star
Non-compete agreements	5 years	3 years	1 year
Customer relationships	15 years	10 years	15 years

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

The following is a summary of the Company's goodwill as of March 31, 2020. Approximately $163,496 of goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

	Beginning balance, December 31, 2019			Linn Star Acquisition		Ending balance, March 31, 2020
Expedited LTL
Goodwill	$	97,593		$	—	$	97,593
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Truckload
Goodwill	45,164			—		45,164
Accumulated Impairment	(25,686		)	—		(25,686		)
Final Mile
Goodwill	19,963			21,534		41,497
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Intermodal
Goodwill	78,665			—		78,665
Accumulated Impairment	—			—		—
Pool Distribution
Goodwill	12,359			—		12,359
Accumulated Impairment	(6,953		)	—		(6,953		)
Total
Goodwill	253,744			21,534		275,278
Accumulated Impairment	(32,639		)	—		(32,639		)
	$	221,105		$	21,534	$	242,639

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Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Schedule of Stockholders Equity [Table Text Block]

The following tables summarize the Company's share repurchases for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020					March 31, 2019
	Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share		Shares repurchased	Cost of shares repurchased		Average cost per share
2016 Repurchase Plan	—	$	—	$	—	68	$	3,850	$	56.97
2019 Repurchase Plan	268	15,259		56.93		162	10,331		63.66
Total	268	$	15,259	$	56.93	230	$	14,181	$	61.69

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Share-Based Payments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Share-Based Payments

Share-Based Payments

The Company’s general practice has been to make a single annual grant of share-based compensation in the first quarter to key employees and to make other employee grants only in connection with new employment or promotions.  Forms of share-based compensation granted to employees by the Company include stock options, non-vested shares of common stock (“non-vested shares”), and performance shares.  The Company also typically makes a single annual grant of non-vested shares to non-employee directors in conjunction with the annual election of non-employee directors to the Board of Directors. Share-based compensation is based on the grant date fair value of the instrument and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, or vesting period.  All share-based compensation expense is recognized in salaries, wages and employee benefits.

Employee Activity - Stock Options

Stock option grants to employees generally expire seven years from the grant date and typically vest ratably over a three-year period.  All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred. The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of options granted.  There were no options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2019. The weighted-average fair value of options granted and assumptions used to estimate their fair value during the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020
Expected dividend yield	1.1		%
Expected stock price volatility	24.1		%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.5		%
Expected life of options (years)	5.9
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	14.79

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee stock option activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
							Weighted-
			Weighted-				Average
			Average		Aggregate		Remaining
			Exercise		Intrinsic		Contractual
	Options		Price		Value		Term
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	431		$	53
Granted	36		66
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(2	)	60
Outstanding at March 31, 2020	465		$	54	$	3,017	4.1
Exercisable at March 31, 2020	330		$	51	$	3,364	3.5

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for options	$	327	$	439
Tax benefit for option compensation	$	75	$	105
Unrecognized compensation cost for options	$	1,671	$	2,768
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	1.7

Employee Activity - Non-vested Shares

The fair value of non-vested shares issued was estimated using the closing market prices for the business day of the grant. The share-based compensation for the nonvested shares is recognized ratably over the requisite service period or vesting period, which is a three-year period.  All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	277		$	58
Granted	117		66
Vested	(104	)	67
Forfeited	(6	)	62
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	284		$	63	$	17,758

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	1,938	$	2,042
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	442	$	486
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	13,963	$	15,251
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.2

Employee Activity - Performance Shares

The Company annually grants performance shares to key employees.  Under the terms of the performance share agreements, following the end of a three-year performance period, the Company may issue to these employees a calculated number of common stock shares if certain performance targets are met. For shares granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, 50% of the performance share issuances will be based on meeting three-year earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") per share targets and the remaining 50% of the performance share issuances will be based on the three-year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return ("TSR") as compared to the TSR of a selected peer group. All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

Depending upon the EBITDA per share targets met, 0% to 200% of the granted shares may ultimately be issued. For shares granted based on total shareholder return, 0% of the shares will be issued if the Company's total shareholder return outperforms 25% or

less of the peer group, but 200% of the shares will be issued if the Company's total shareholder return performs better than 90% of the peer group.  

The fair value of the performance shares granted based on meeting EBITDA per share targets were estimated using the closing market prices on the day of grant and the probability of meeting these targets as of the measurement date. The fair value of the performance shares granted based on the three-year performance of the Company’s total shareholder return was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following table contains the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance shares granted using the Monte Carlo simulation. These assumptions are subjective and changes in these assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate.

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Expected stock price volatility	23.5	%	23.4	%
Weighted average risk-free interest rate	1.4	%	2.5	%

The following tables summarize the Company’s employee performance share activity, assuming median share awards, and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
			Weighted-
			Average		Aggregate
	Performance		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	62		$	62
Granted	40		69
Additional shares awarded based on performance	13		51
Vested	(35	)	51
Forfeited	(4	)	66
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	76		$	67	$	5,135

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for performance shares	$	740	$	348
Tax benefit for performance share compensation	$	169	$	83
Unrecognized compensation cost for performance shares	$	3,695	$	2,806
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	2.5

Employee Activity – Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Under the 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which has been approved by shareholders, the Company is authorized to issue up to a remaining 350 shares of common stock to employees of the Company. These shares may be issued at a price equal to 90% of the lesser of the market value on the first day or the last day of each six-month purchase period. Common stock purchases are paid for through periodic payroll deductions and/or up to two large lump sum contributions. There were no shares issued during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Non-employee Director Activity - Non-vested Shares

In May 2006, the Company’s shareholders approved the Company’s 2006 Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”). The Company’s shareholders then approved the Company’s Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the “Amended Plan”) on May 22, 2007. The Amended Plan was then further amended and restated on December 17, 2008. Under the Amended Plan, on the first business day after each Annual Meeting of Shareholders, each non-employee director will automatically be granted an award (the “Annual Grant”), in such form and size as the Board determines from year to year. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, Annual Grants will become vested and nonforfeitable on the earlier of (a) the day immediately prior to the first Annual Meeting that occurs after the Grant Date or (b) the first anniversary of the Grant Date so long as the non-employee director’s service with the Company does not earlier terminate. Each director may elect to defer receipt of the shares under a non-vested share award until the director terminates service on the Board of Directors. If a director elects to defer receipt, the Company will issue deferred stock units to the director, which do not represent actual ownership in shares and the director will not have voting rights or other incidents of ownership until the shares are issued. However, the Company will credit the director with dividend equivalent payments in the form of additional deferred stock units for each cash dividend payment made by the Company. All forfeitures were recognized as they occurred.

In May 2016, with the approval of shareholders, the Company further amended the Amended Plan to reserve for issuance an additional 160 common shares, increasing the total number of reserved common shares under the Amended Plan to 360. As of March 31, 2020, there were approximately 116 shares remaining available for grant.

The following tables summarize the Company’s non-employee non-vested share activity and related information:

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
		Weighted-
		Average		Aggregate
	Non-vested	Grant Date		Grant Date
	Shares	Fair Value		Fair Value
Outstanding and non-vested at December 31, 2019	16	$	62
Granted	—	—
Vested	—	—
Forfeited	—	—
Outstanding and non-vested at March 31, 2020	16	$	62	$	990

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020		March 31, 2019
Share-based compensation for non-vested shares	$	261	$	218
Tax benefit for non-vested share compensation	$	60	$	52
Unrecognized compensation cost for non-vested shares	$	106	$	142
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	0.1

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. An entity controls the use of the identified asset if both of the following are true: (1) the entity obtains the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and (2) the entity has the right to direct the use of the identified asset. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company leased facilities and equipment under operating and finance leases, which were accounted for in accordance with ASU 2016-02, Leases.

The Company elected the practical expedients as allowed per this guidance to combine lease and non-lease components and to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, after the consideration of options, off the balance sheet. Additionally, variable lease and variable nonlease components were not contemplated in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and corresponding liability.

For leases and subleases with terms greater than 12 months, the Company recorded the related right-of-use asset as the balance of the related lease liability, adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments. Unamortized initial direct costs and lease incentives were not significant as of March 31, 2020. The lease liability was recorded at the present value of the lease payments over the term. Many of the Company's leases include rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options that were contemplated in the determination of lease payments when appropriate. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was not reasonably certain of exercising any renewal options. Further, as of March 31, 2020, it was reasonably certain that all termination options would not be exercised. As such, there were no adjustments made to its right-of-use lease assets or corresponding liabilities as a result. In addition, the Company does not have any leases with residual value guarantees or material restrictions or covenants as of March 31, 2020.

For these leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, after the consideration of options, the Company recognized the corresponding lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating Leases

The Company leases some of its facilities under noncancelable operating leases that expire in various years through 2026. Certain leases may be renewed for periods varying from 1 to 10 years.  In conjunction with the acquisition of Linn Star in January 2020,

discussed further in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets, the Company assumed operating facility leases that expire in various years through 2025 and had a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability of approximately $10,011 at acquisition.

The Company has also historically entered into or assumed through acquisition several equipment operating leases for assets including tractors, straight trucks and trailers with original lease terms between 2 and 6 years.  These leases expire in various years through 2028 and certain leases may be renewed for periods varying from 1 to 3 years.  The Company did not enter into any material equipment leases outside the normal course of business during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company has certain obligations to lease tractors, which will be delivered throughout 2020. These leases are expected to have terms of approximately 3 to 4 years and are not expected to materially impact the Company's right-of-use lease assets or liabilities as of March 31, 2020.

Finance Leases

Primarily through acquisitions, the Company assumed equipment leases that met the criteria for classification as a finance lease with remaining lease terms between 2 and 7 years. These leases expire in various years through 2025 with no options to renew.  The finance leased equipment is being amortized over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. The Company did not enter into any new finance leases during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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Share-Based Payments - Stock Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercised (in shares)		(18)
Share-based compensation expense	$ 3,266	$ 3,047
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option grants expire (in years)	7 years
Grants, vesting period (in years)	3 years
Expected dividend yield (in hundredths)	1.10%
Expected stock price volatility	24.10%
Weighted Average Risk Free Interest Rate	1.50%
Expected life of options (in years)	5 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average fair value of options (dollars per share)	$ 14.79
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	431
Granted (in shares)	36
Forfeited (in shares)	(2)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	465
Exercisable, end of period (in shares)	330
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 53
Grants in Period (in dollars per share)	66
Forfeited in period (in dollars per share)	60
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	54
Exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 51
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding, end of period	$ 3,017
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Exercisable, end of period	$ 3,364
Weighted-average remaining contractual term Outstanding, end of period (in years)	4 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average remaining contractual term Exercisable, end of period (in years)	3 years 6 months
Share-based compensation expense	$ 327	439
Tax benefit related to share-based expense	75	105
Unrecognized share-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures	$ 1,671	$ 2,768
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)	1 year 8 months 12 days

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets - Expedited Freight Acquisitions (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 21, 2019 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 12, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		$ (594)	$ 0
Linn Star [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Cash Paid				$ 57,239
Number of additional locations				20
FSA [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Cash Paid	$ 27,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability	$ 15,000	11,176
Period of years which earnout is calculated	2 years
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Current	$ 11,803	5,661
Change in fair value of earn-out liability		594
Expected future contingent consideration liability		$ 12,583
Risk Free Interest Rate [Member] | FSA [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Measurement Input Percentage	2.90%	4.50%			2.20%
Revenue Discount Rate [Member] | FSA [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Measurement Input Percentage	4.40%	3.10%			4.40%
Revenue Volatility [Member] | FSA [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Measurement Input Percentage	3.00%	6.00%			5.00%

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Share-Based Payments - Non-employee Director Non-vested Shares (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	May 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense		$ 3,266	$ 3,047
Nonemployee Director Nonvested Shares Granted Member
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Additional Shares Authorized	160
Number of Shares Authorized		360
Number of Shares Available for Grant		116
Outstanding and non-vested, beginning of period (in shares)		16
Outstanding and non-vested, end of period (in shares)		16
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, beginning of period		$ 62
Outstanding and non-vested, weighted-average grant date fair value, end of period		$ 62
Outstanding and non-vested, aggregate grant date fair value		$ 990
Share-based compensation expense		261	218
Tax benefit related to share-based expense		60	52
Unrecognized share-based compensation, net of estimated forfeitures		$ 106	$ 142
Weighted average period over which unrecognized compensation will be recognized (years)		1 month 6 days

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Financial Instruments - Fair Value (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Liability	$ 6,149
Carrying Value
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Liability	$ 5,979

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Net Income Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share, Basic, Two Class Method [Abstract]
Net income and comprehensive income	$ 8,375	$ 18,407
Income allocated to participating securities	(67)	(208)
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share - net income	$ 8,308	$ 18,199
Denominator for basic income per share - weighted-average shares	27,846	28,530
Denominator for diluted income per share - adjusted weighted-average shares	27,948	28,648
Basic income per share (dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.64
Diluted income per share (dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.64
Total number anti-dilutive options, non-vested shares, and performance shares excluded from income per diluted share computation	302	203
Equity Option [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, Two Class Method [Abstract]
Effect of dilutive stock options and non-vested shares	55	76
Total number anti-dilutive options, non-vested shares, and performance shares excluded from income per diluted share computation	203	195
Key Employee Performance Share Based Plan [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, Two Class Method [Abstract]
Effect of dilutive stock options and non-vested shares	47	42
Total number anti-dilutive options, non-vested shares, and performance shares excluded from income per diluted share computation	24	8
Nonvested Shares and Deferred Stock Units [Member]
Earnings Per Share, Basic, Two Class Method [Abstract]
Total number anti-dilutive options, non-vested shares, and performance shares excluded from income per diluted share computation	75	0

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) Parenthetical - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 1,923	$ 2,101
Other acquired intangibles, accumulated amortization	$ 95,492	$ 91,879
Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized shares (in shares)	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, issued shares (in shares)	27,678,521	27,850,233
Common stock, outstanding shares (in shares)	27,678,521	27,850,233

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Subsequent Events (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 16, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 29, 2017 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility Term, In Years	5
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate, Minimum	3.00%
Interest rate spread above LIBOR as of reporting period (in hundredths)	0.50%
Base reference rate of credit facilities	LIBOR
Line of Credit Facility, LIBOR Rate, Minimum	1.00%
LIBOR for Line of Credit Interest, Minimum	1.00%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Minimum	0.25%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Maximum	0.75%
LIBOR Rate Loans and Letter of Credit Fees, Minimum	2.25%
LIBOR Rate Loans and Letter of Credit Fees, Maximum	2.75%
Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.375%
Line of Credit Facility, Commitment Fee Percentage, Maximum [Line Items]	0.425%
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	$ 146,000	$ 13,970
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility Term, In Years			5
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity	$ 225,000		$ 150,000
Interest rate spread above LIBOR as of reporting period (in hundredths)		1.00%
Base reference rate of credit facilities		LIBOR
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Minimum			0.30%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Maximum			0.80%

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) Parenthetical - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 31, 2019
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.18	$ 0.18

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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of principal reporting segments	3

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in three reportable segments based on information available to and used by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM").  This classification is consistent with how the CODM makes decisions about resource allocation and assesses the Company's performance. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on income from operations.  The Company’s business is conducted in the U.S. and Canada.

Expedited Freight operates a comprehensive national network to provide expedited regional, inter-regional and national LTL services and offers customers local pick-up and delivery and other services including final mile, truckload, shipment consolidation and deconsolidation, warehousing, customs brokerage and other handling. Included within the $251,158 of Expedited Freight revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were defined services including Network revenue of $152,010, Truckload revenue of $45,058, Final Mile revenue of $47,802 and other revenue of $6,288. Intermodal primarily provides first- and last-mile high value intermodal container drayage services both to and from seaports and railheads. Pool Distribution provides high-frequency handling and distribution of time sensitive product to numerous destinations.

Except for certain insurance activity, the accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 of the Forward Air Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. For workers compensation and vehicle claims, each segment is charged an insurance premium and is also charged a deductible that corresponds with each segment's individual self-retention limit. However, any losses beyond these deductibles and any loss development factors applied to outstanding claims as a result of actuary analysis are not passed to the segments, but recorded at the corporate level ("Eliminations & other").

Segment data includes intersegment revenues and shared costs.  Costs of the corporate headquarters, shared services and shared assets, such as trailers, are allocated to the segments based on usage. The cost basis of shared assets are not allocated. Instead, the cost basis for the majority of shared assets, such as trailers, are included in Expedited Freight.  

The following tables summarize segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	250,673	$	52,455	$	39,382		$	(1	)	$	342,509
Intersegment revenues	485		5		42			(532		)	—
Depreciation	4,858		1,053		1,097			8			7,016
Amortization	1,788		1,568		257			—			3,613
Share-based compensation expense	2,667		389		188			22			3,266
Interest expense	3		54		—			796			853
Income (loss) from operations	14,698		3,713		(3,562		)	(3,147		)	11,702
Total assets	773,917		213,060		98,254			(18,995		)	1,066,236
Capital expenditures	2,405		246		521			—			3,172
	Three months ended March 31, 2019 (As Adjusted)
	Expedited Freight		Intermodal		Pool Distribution			Eliminations & other			Consolidated
External revenues	$	222,278	$	54,097	$	45,096		$	—		$	321,471
Intersegment revenues	705		18		89			(812		)	—
Depreciation	6,532		469		1,315			—			8,316
Amortization	847		1,407		257			—			2,511
Share-based compensation expense	2,169		531		182			165			3,047
Interest expense	1		13		—			561			575
Income (loss) from operations	20,388		6,181		1,251			(3,086		)	24,734
Total assets	641,525		182,489		102,678			(41,115		)	885,577
Capital expenditures	2,237		73		1,780			—			4,090

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Net Income Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020			March 31, 2019
Numerator:
Net income and comprehensive income	$	8,375		$	18,407
Income allocated to participating securities	(67		)	(208		)
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share - net income	$	8,308		$	18,199
Denominator:
Denominator for basic income per share - weighted-average shares	27,846			28,530
Effect of dilutive stock options	55			76
Effect of dilutive performance shares	47			42
Denominator for diluted income per share - adjusted weighted-average shares	27,948			28,648
Basic net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64
Diluted net income per share	$	0.30		$	0.64

The number of instruments that could potentially dilute net income per basic share in the future, but that were not included in the computation of net income per diluted share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, are as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31, 2020	March 31, 2019
Anti-dilutive stock options	203	195
Anti-dilutive performance shares	24	8
Anti-dilutive non-vested shares and deferred stock units	75	—
Total anti-dilutive shares	302	203

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 77,245	$ 64,749
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $1,923 in 2020 and $2,101 in 2019	143,234	150,197
Other current assets	20,710	21,372
Total current assets	241,189	236,318
Property and equipment	426,375	426,737
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	216,621	213,706
Total property and equipment, net	209,754	213,031
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	171,242	151,657
Goodwill and other acquired intangibles:
Goodwill	242,639	221,105
Other acquired intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $95,492 in 2020 and $91,879 in 2019	158,135	127,798
Total goodwill and other acquired intangibles, net	400,774	348,903
Other assets	43,277	40,969
Total assets	1,066,236	990,878
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	26,565	29,986
Accrued expenses	52,168	49,822
Other current liabilities	5,661	5,320
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations	1,433	1,421
Current portion of operating lease obligations	57,501	50,615
Total current liabilities	143,328	137,164
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion	136,900	72,249
Operating lease obligations, less current portion	114,380	101,525
Other long-term liabilities	60,299	58,816
Deferred income taxes	45,488	43,942
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares - 50,000,000, Issued and outstanding shares - 27,678,521 in 2020 and 27,850,233 in 2019	277	279
Additional paid-in capital	230,135	226,869
Retained earnings	335,429	350,034
Total shareholders' equity	565,841	577,182
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 1,066,236	$ 990,878

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Segment Reporting (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments	3
Expedited Freight revenue	$ 251,158
External revenues	342,509	$ 321,471
Depreciation	7,016	8,316
Amortization	3,613	2,511
Share-based compensation expense	3,266	3,047
Interest expense	853	575
Income (loss) from operations	11,702	24,734
Total assets	1,066,236	885,577	$ 990,878
Capital expenditures	3,172	4,090
Expedited Freight [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
External revenues	250,673	222,278
Intersegment revenues	485	705
Depreciation	4,858	6,532
Amortization	1,788	847
Share-based compensation expense	2,667	2,169
Interest expense	3	1
Income (loss) from operations	14,698	20,388
Total assets	773,917	641,525
Capital expenditures	2,405	2,237
Intermodal [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
External revenues	52,455	54,097
Intersegment revenues	5	18
Depreciation	1,053	469
Amortization	1,568	1,407
Share-based compensation expense	389	531
Interest expense	54	13
Income (loss) from operations	3,713	6,181
Total assets	213,060	182,489
Capital expenditures	246	73
Pool Distribution [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
External revenues	39,382	45,096
Intersegment revenues	42	89
Depreciation	1,097	1,315
Amortization	257	257
Share-based compensation expense	188	182
Income (loss) from operations	(3,562)	1,251
Total assets	98,254	102,678
Capital expenditures	521	1,780
Elimination [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
External revenues	(1)
Intersegment revenues	(532)	(812)
Depreciation	8
Share-based compensation expense	22	165
Interest expense	796	561
Income (loss) from operations	(3,147)	(3,086)
Total assets	(18,995)	$ (41,115)
Network revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Expedited Freight revenue	152,010
Truckload revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Expedited Freight revenue	45,058
Final Mile revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Expedited Freight revenue	47,802
Other revenue [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Expedited Freight revenue	$ 6,288

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Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 553,244	$ 285	$ 210,296	$ 342,663
Balance, shares (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018		28,535,000
Net income and comprehensive income	18,407			18,407
Other	2	$ 2
Exercise of stock options	$ 830		830
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	18,000
Share-based compensation	$ 3,047		3,047
Dividends	(5,189)		1	(5,190)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(2,721)	$ (1)		(2,720)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings (in shares)		(44,000)
Share repurchases	$ (14,181)	$ (2)		(14,179)
Share repurchases, shares	(230,000)	(230,000)
Vesting of previously non-vested shares (in shares)		136,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 553,439	$ 284	214,174	338,981
Balance, shares (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		28,415,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 577,182	$ 279	226,869	350,034
Balance, shares (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	27,850,233	27,850,000
Net income and comprehensive income	$ 8,375			8,375
Share-based compensation	3,266		3,266
Dividends	(5,050)		2	(5,052)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings	(2,672)			(2,672)
Cash settlement of share-based awards for tax withholdings (in shares)		(42,000)
Share repurchases	$ (15,259)	$ (3)		(15,256)
Share repurchases, shares	(268,000)	(268,000)
Vesting of previously non-vested shares	$ (1)	$ 1	(2)
Vesting of previously non-vested shares (in shares)		139,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 565,841	$ 277	$ 230,135	$ 335,429
Balance, shares (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	27,678,521	27,679,000

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Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Apr. 16, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	$ 146,000	$ 13,970

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Senior Credit Facility (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 16, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 29, 2017 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility Term, In Years	5
Base reference rate of credit facilities	LIBOR
Interest rate spread above LIBOR as of reporting period (in hundredths)	0.50%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Minimum	0.25%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Maximum	0.75%
Proceeds from senior credit facility		$ 65,000	$ 0
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount	$ 146,000	$ 13,970
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility Term, In Years				5
Line of Credit Facility, Current Borrowing Capacity	$ 225,000			$ 150,000
Additional borrowing capacity of credit facility				100,000
Credit facility amount				$ 250,000
Base reference rate of credit facilities		LIBOR
Interest rate spread above LIBOR as of reporting period (in hundredths)		1.00%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Minimum				0.30%
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate, Maximum				0.80%
Proceeds from senior credit facility		$ 132,500
Available borrowing capacity		$ 3,530
Line of Credit Facility, Interest Rate at Period End		2.30%
Letter of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases				$ 30,000
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount		$ 13,970
Swing line loan [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of Credit Facility, Capacity Available for Specific Purpose Other than for Trade Purchases				$ 30,000
Federal funds [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate spread above LIBOR as of reporting period (in hundredths)		0.50%

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Senior Credit Facility

On April 16, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment ("the First Amendment") to its five-year senior unsecured credit facility established pursuant to its Credit Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2017, by and among the Company and Forward Air, Inc., as borrowers, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and lender, U.S. Bank, National Association, as lender, and the other lenders party thereto (as amended by the First Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”).

The First Amendment:

• increased the size of the revolving credit facility from $150,000 to $225,000;

• amended the base interest rate (which cannot be less than 3.00%) to be based on the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the Bank of America prime rate; and (c) the LIBOR Rate (which cannot be less than 1.00%) published by Bloomberg (or if such published rate is not available, such other rate as determined by the administrative agent) plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin that can range from 0.250% to 0.750% depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, calculated as set forth in the Credit Agreement; and

• increased the applicable margin for LIBOR rate loans and letter of credit fees to a range of 2.250% to 2.750% and the commitment fee to a range of 0.375% to 0.425%, in each case depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded

indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, calculated as set forth in the Credit Agreement.

The facility maturity date was not amended. The proceeds from the Credit Agreement may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of April 16, 2020, a total of $146,000 out of an available $225,000 was outstanding under the Credit Agreement.

Board Approved Divestiture of Pool Segment

On April 23, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors ("the Board") approved a strategy to divest the Company's Pool Distribution business. This represents a strategic shift for the Company that will have a major effect on its operations and financial results. The Company is currently exploring all options to divest of these assets, but has not entered into a material definitive agreement to sell these assets as of the date of this report. However, the Company does believe it is probable that these assets will be divested of within a year of receiving this authority from the Board. As a result, the Company will begin reporting Pool as a Discontinued Operation starting with the second quarter of 2020.

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Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Financial Instruments [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Using interest rate quotes and discounted cash flows, the Company estimated the fair value of its outstanding finance lease obligations as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Finance leases	$	5,979	$	6,149

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	10.00%

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Senior Credit Facility

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Senior Credit Facility [Abstract]

Senior Credit Facility

Senior Credit Facility

On September 29, 2017, the Company entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Facility”) with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $150,000, with a sublimit of $30,000 for letters of credit and a sublimit of $30,000 for swing line loans. The Facility may be increased by up to $100,000 to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $250,000 pursuant to the terms of the credit agreement, subject to the lenders’ agreement to increase their commitments or the addition of new lenders extending such commitments. Such increases to the Facility may be in the form of additional revolving credit loans, term loans or a combination thereof, and are contingent upon there being no events of default under the Facility and satisfaction of other conditions precedent and are subject to the other limitations set forth in the credit agreement.

The Facility is scheduled to mature in September 2022 and may be used to refinance existing indebtedness of the Company and for working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. The Facility refinanced the Company’s obligations for its unsecured credit facility under the credit agreement dated as of February 4, 2015, as amended, which was terminated as of the date of the new Facility.

Unless the Company elects otherwise under the credit agreement, interest on borrowings under the Facility is based on the highest of (a) the federal funds rate (not less than 0%) plus 0.5%, (b) the administrative agent's prime rate and (c) the LIBOR Rate plus 1.0%, in each case plus a margin that can range from 0.3% to 0.8% with respect to the Facility depending on the Company’s ratio of consolidated funded indebtedness to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as set forth in the credit agreement. Payments of interest for each loan that is based on the LIBOR Rate are due in arrears on the last day of the interest period applicable to such loan (with interest periods of one, two or three months being available, at the Company’s option). Payments of interest on loans that are not based on the LIBOR Rate are due on the last day of each quarter ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year. All unpaid amounts of principal and interest are due at maturity. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $132,500 in borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility, $13,970 utilized for outstanding letters of credit and $3,530 of available borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility.  The interest rate on the outstanding borrowing under the revolving credit facility was 2.3% as of March 31, 2020.

The Facility contains customary events of default including, among other things, payment defaults, breach of covenants, cross acceleration to material indebtedness, bankruptcy-related defaults, material judgment defaults, and the occurrence of certain change of control events. The occurrence of an event of default may result in, among other things, the termination of the Facilities, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the lenders with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries that are party to the Facility. The Facility also contains financial covenants and other covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, without the approval of the required lenders, to engage in certain mergers, consolidations, asset sales, dividends and stock repurchases, investments, and other transactions or to incur liens or indebtedness in excess of agreed thresholds, as set forth in the credit agreement. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with the aforementioned covenants.

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Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Financial Instruments, Financial Assets, Balance Sheet Groupings [Abstract]

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

Off Balance Sheet Risk

As of March 31, 2020, the Company had letters of credit outstanding totaling $13,970.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

Accounts receivable and accounts payable: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value based on their short-term nature.

Revolving credit facility: The Company’s revolving credit facility bears variable interest rates plus additional basis points based upon covenants related to total indebtedness to earnings.  As the revolving credit facility bears a variable interest rate, the carrying value approximates fair value.

The fair value estimates of earn-outs are discussed in Note 4, Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets.

Using interest rate quotes and discounted cash flows, the Company estimated the fair value of its outstanding finance lease obligations as follows:

	March 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value
Finance leases	$	5,979	$	6,149

The carrying value of the finance lease obligations are included within the Equipment section of Property and equipment on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company's fair value estimates for the above financial instruments are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as defined in the FASB Codification.

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Share-Based Payments - Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures [Line Items]
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 3,266	$ 3,047
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Disclosures [Line Items]
Number of Shares Authorized (in shares) | shares	350
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Discount from Market Price, Purchase Date	90.00%
Number of Large Lump Sum Contributions Related to ESPP Stock Purchases	2

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Acquisitions and Long-Lived Assets - Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 12, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Reporting Units	5
Business Acquisition, Goodwill, Expected Tax Deductible Amount	$ 163,496
Goodwill, Gross	275,278		$ 253,744
Goodwill, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(32,639)		(32,639)
Goodwill	242,639		221,105
Expedited Freight [Member]
Goodwill, Gross	97,593		97,593
Truckload [Member]
Goodwill, Gross	45,164		45,164
Goodwill, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss	(25,686)		(25,686)
Final Mile [Member]
Goodwill, Gross	41,497		19,963
Linn Star [Member]
Goodwill	21,534	$ 21,534
Intermodal [Member]
Goodwill, Gross	78,665		78,665
Pool Distribution [Member]
Goodwill, Gross	12,359		12,359
Goodwill, Impaired, Accumulated Impairment Loss	$ (6,953)		$ (6,953)

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Revenue (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue [Abstract]
Number of principal reporting segments	3