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Share and Unit-Based Plans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Share and Unit-Based Plans
Under the Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"), each award recipient is issued a form of operating partnership units ("LTIP Units") in the Operating Partnership or form of restricted stock units (together with the LTIP Units, the "LTI Units"). Upon the occurrence of specified events and subject to the satisfaction of applicable vesting conditions, LTIP Units (after conversion into OP Units) are ultimately redeemable for common stock of the Company, or cash at the Company's option, on a one-unit for one-share basis. LTI Units receive cash dividends based on the dividend amount paid on the common stock of the Company. The LTIP may include market-indexed awards, performance-based awards and service-based awards.
The market-indexed LTI Units vest over the service period of the award based on the percentile ranking of the Company in terms of total return to stockholders (the "Total Return") per share of common stock relative to the Total Return of a group of peer REITs, as measured at the end of the measurement period. The performance-based LTI Units vest over a specified period based on the Company's operational performance over that period.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted the following LTI Units:
Grant DateUnitsTypeFair Value per LTI UnitVest Date
1/1/2022376,153 Service-based$17.28 12/31/2024
1/1/2022716,545 Performance-based$15.77 12/31/2024
1,092,698 
The fair value of the service-based LTI Units was determined by the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value (Level 3 measurement) of the performance-based LTI Units granted on January 1, 2022 was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation model that assumed a risk-free interest rate of 0.97% and an expected volatility of 70.83%.
The following table summarizes the activity of the non-vested LTI Units, phantom stock units and stock units:
 LTI UnitsPhantom Stock UnitsStock Units
 UnitsValue(1)UnitsValue(1)UnitsValue(1)
Balance at January 1, 20221,837,691 $14.14 — $— 266,505 $19.05 
Granted1,092,698 16.29 56,334 14.64 204,958 13.45 
Vested(17,932)29.75 (19,362)14.68 (176,409)20.02 
Forfeited(6,454)19.42 — — — — 
Balance at September 30, 20222,906,003 $14.84 36,972 $14.62 295,054 $14.58 
(1) Value represents the weighted average grant date fair value.
The following table summarizes the activity of the stock options outstanding:
 Stock Options
 UnitsValue(1)
Balance at January 1, 202237,515 $54.34 
   Forfeited(11,144)53.82 
Balance at September 30, 202226,371 $54.56 
(1) Value represents the weighted average exercise price.
The following summarizes the compensation cost under the share and unit-based plans:
 For the Three Months Ended September 30,For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
LTI Units$4,632 $3,625 $14,035 $10,822 
Stock units629 598 2,496 2,577 
Phantom stock units107 95 284 282 
$5,368 $4,318 $16,815 $13,681 
The Company capitalized share and unit-based compensation costs of $1,101 and $910 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $3,395 and $2,813 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Unrecognized compensation costs of share and unit-based plans at September 30, 2022 consisted of $8,375 from LTI Units, $1,794 from stock units and $0 from phantom stock units.