Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

2. Revenues

The Company’s primary source of revenue is chartering its vessels (Suezmax tankers, Aframax tankers and Long Range 2 (or LR2) tankers) to its customers and providing operational and maintenance marine services through its Australian operations. The Company utilizes three primary forms of contracts, consisting of voyage charter contracts, time charter contracts and contracts for FPSO units. In October 2022, the Company divested its last remaining FPSO unit to a recycling yard. The Company also generates revenue from the management and operation of vessels owned by third parties.

Voyage Charters

Voyage charters are charters for a specific voyage that are usually priced on a current or "spot" market rate. The performance obligations within a voyage charter contract, which will typically include the lease of the vessel to the charterer as well as the operation of the vessel, are satisfied as services are rendered over the duration of the voyage, as measured using the time that has elapsed from commencement of performance. In addition, any expenses that are unique to a particular voyage, including fuel expenses, port fees, cargo loading and unloading expenses, canal tolls, agency fees and commissions, are the responsibility of the vessel owner.

The Company’s voyage charters will normally contain a lease; however, judgment is necessary to determine whether this is the case based upon the decision-making rights the charterer has under the contract. Consideration for such contracts is fixed or variable, depending on certain conditions. Delays caused by the charterer result in additional consideration. Payment for the voyage is not due until the voyage is completed. The duration of a single voyage will typically be less than three months. As such, accrued revenue at the end of a period will be invoiced and paid in the subsequent period. The amount of accrued revenue at any point in time will depend on the percent completed of each voyage in progress as well as the freight rate agreed for those specific voyages. The Company does not engage in any specific tactics to minimize vessel residual value risk due to the short-term nature of the contracts.

Time Charters

Pursuant to a time charter, the Company charters a vessel to a customer for a period of time, generally one year or more. The performance obligations within a time charter contract, which will include the lease of the vessel to the charterer as well as the operation of the vessel, are satisfied as services are rendered over the duration of such contract, as measured using the time that has elapsed from commencement of performance. In addition, any expenses that are unique to a particular voyage, including any fuel expenses, port fees, cargo loading and unloading expenses, canal tolls, agency fees and commissions, are the responsibility of the customer, as long as the vessel is not off-hire.

Hire is typically invoiced monthly in advance for time charter contracts, based on a fixed daily hire amount. However, certain sources of variability exist. Those include penalties, such as those that relate to periods the vessels are off-hire and where minimum speed and performance metrics are not met. In addition, certain time charters contracts contain provisions that allow the Company to be compensated for increases in the Company’s costs during the term of the charter. Such provisions may be in the form of annual hire rate adjustments for changes in inflation indices or interest rates or in the form of cost reimbursements for vessel operating expenditures or dry-docking expenditures. Finally, in a small number of charters, the Company may earn profit share consideration, which occurs when actual spot tanker rates earned by the vessel exceed certain thresholds for a period of time. The Company does not engage in any specific tactics to minimize vessel residual value risk.

FPSO Contracts

Pursuant to an FPSO contract, the Company charters an FPSO unit to a customer for a period of time, generally more than one year. The performance obligations within an FPSO contract, which include the lease of the FPSO unit to the charterer as well as the operation of the FPSO unit, are satisfied as services are rendered over the duration of such contract, as measured using the time that has elapsed from commencement of performance. Hire is typically invoiced monthly in arrears, based on a fixed daily hire amount. In certain FPSO contracts, the Company is entitled to a lump sum amount due upon commencement of the contract and may also be entitled to termination fees if the contract is canceled early. While the fixed daily hire amount may be the same over the term of the FPSO contract, in some FPSO contracts, the fixed daily hire amount may increase or decrease over the duration of the FPSO contract. As a result of the Company accounting for compensation from such charters on a straight-line basis over the duration of the charter, FPSO contracts where revenue is recognized before the Company is entitled to such amounts under the FPSO contracts will result in the Company recognizing a contract asset and FPSO contracts where revenue is recognized after the Company is entitled to such amounts under the FPSO contracts will result in the Company recognizing deferred revenue.

In October 2022, the Company divested its last remaining FPSO unit to a recycling yard and expects to make the remaining payments related to this recycling by mid-2024.

Management Fees and Other

The Company also generates revenue from the management and operation of vessels owned by third parties as well as providing corporate management services to certain entities. Such services may include the arrangement of third-party goods and services for the vessel’s owner. The performance obligations within these contracts will typically consist of crewing, technical management, insurance and potentially commercial management. The performance obligations are satisfied concurrently and consecutively rendered over the duration of the management contract, as measured using the time that has elapsed from commencement of performance. Consideration for such contracts will generally consist of a fixed monthly management fee, plus the reimbursement of crewing costs and vessel operational expenses for vessels being managed. Management fees are typically invoiced monthly.

Revenue Table

The following tables contain the Company’s total revenue, excluding revenue of the Teekay Gas Business (see Note 21), for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, by contract type, by segment and by business line within segments.

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Teekay Tankers Conventional Tankers	Teekay Parent Marine Services and Other	Total
	$	$	$
Voyage charters	1,321,487	—	1,321,487
Time charters	31,149	—	31,149
Management fees and other	11,816	100,523	112,339
	1,364,452	100,523	1,464,975

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Teekay Tankers Conventional Tankers	Teekay Parent Marine Services and Other	Total
	$	$	$
Voyage charters	1,039,262	—	1,039,262
Time charters	14,738	—	14,738
FPSO contracts	—	27,064	27,064
Management fees and other	9,111	100,009	109,120
	1,063,111	127,073	1,190,184

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Teekay Tankers Conventional Tankers	Teekay Parent Marine Services and Other	Total
	$	$	$
Voyage charters	485,896	—	485,896
Time charters	46,159	2,220	48,379
FPSO contracts	—	47,895	47,895
Management fees and other	10,312	90,026	100,338
	542,367	140,141	682,508

The following table contains the Company's total revenue, excluding revenue of the Teekay Gas Business (see Note 21), by those contracts or components of contracts accounted for as leases and by those contracts or components not accounted for as leases for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023	2022	2021
	$	$	$
Lease revenue
Lease revenue from lease payments of operating leases	1,352,636	1,062,738	551,715
Interest income on lease receivables	—	—	293
Variable lease payments – cost reimbursements (1)	—	18,326	30,162
	1,352,636	1,081,064	582,170
Non-lease revenue
Management fees and other income	112,339	109,120	100,338
Total	1,464,975	1,190,184	682,508

(1)Reimbursement for vessel operating expenditures, dry-docking expenditures and decommissioning expenditures received from the Company's customers relating to such costs incurred by the Company to operate the vessel for the customer or decommission an asset or location.

Operating Leases

As at December 31, 2023, two of the Company’s vessels operated under time-charter contracts with the Company’s customers, one of which expired in February 2024 and the other which is scheduled to expire in September 2024. As at December 31, 2023, the future hire payments expected to be received by the Company under time charters then in place were approximately $12.1 million (2024) (December 31, 2022 - $30.9 million (2023) and $10.9 million (2024)). The hire payments should not be construed to reflect a forecast of total charter hire revenues for any of the periods. Future hire payments do not include hire payments generated from new contracts entered into after December 31, 2023, from unexercised option periods of contracts that existed on December 31, 2023, or from variable consideration, if any, under contracts. In addition, future hire payments disclosed above have been reduced by estimated off-hire time for required periodic maintenance and do not reflect the impact of any applicable revenue sharing arrangements whereby time-charter revenues are shared with other revenue sharing arrangement participants. Actual amounts may vary given future events such as unplanned vessel maintenance.

The net carrying amount of the vessels employed on time charter contracts that have been accounted for as operating leases at December 31, 2023, was $38.9 million (2022 – $48.1 million). At December 31, 2023, the cost and accumulated depreciation of such vessels were $51.1 million (2022 – $53.4 million) and $12.2 million (2022 – $5.3 million), respectively.

Contract Liabilities

The Company enters into certain customer contracts that result in situations where the customer will pay consideration upfront for performance to be provided in the following month or months. These receipts are contract liabilities and are presented as deferred revenue until performance is provided. As at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were contract liabilities of $3.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $1.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the respective periods, excluding such amounts of the Teekay Gas Business (see Note 21).