JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

This Statement is filed by PartnerRe Ltd. on its own behalf and on behalf of Partner Reinsurance Company, Ltd., Partner Reinsurance Company of the U.S. and PartnerRe Principal Finance Inc.

Pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder, each party hereto hereby agrees that the Statement to which this agreement is attached shall be filed by PartnerRe Ltd. on its own behalf and on behalf of each of Partner Reinsurance Company Ltd., Partner Reinsurance Company of the U.S.. and PartnerRe Principal Finance Inc. (including any amendment, restatement, supplement, and/or exhibit thereto) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (and, if such security is registered on a national securities exchange, also with such exchange), and further agrees to the filing, furnishing, and/or incorporation by reference of this agreement as an exhibit thereto. This agreement shall remain in full force and effect until revoked by any party hereto in a signed writing provided to each other party hereto, and then only with respect to such revoking party.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each party hereto, being duly authorized, has caused this agreement to be executed and effective as of the date set forth below.

Date: May 27, 2015

	PartnerRe Ltd.
	By:	/s/ C. Marc Wetherhill
	Name: C. Marc Wetherhill
	Title: Chief Legal Counsel

	Partner Reinsurance Company Ltd
	By:	/s/ C. Marc Wetherhill
	Name: C. Marc Wetherhill
	Title: General Counsel & Chief Compliance Officer

	Partner Reinsurance Company of the U.S
	By:	/s/ Thomas L. Forsyth
	Name: Thomas L. Forsyth
	Title: EVP, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary

	PartnerRe Principal Finance Inc.
	By:	/s/ TK Khan
	Name: TK Khan
	Title: General Counsel