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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
3 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2012
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

In May 2012, we granted an equal number of restricted stock units and performance stock units under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) to certain employees. The vesting of the performance stock units is based on our attainment of targeted annual returns on net assets in fiscal year 2015 and the vesting of the restricted stock units is based on continued employment over a three year period beginning on the grant date. As of July 31, 2012, the performance stock units included in the May 2012 grant could result in the issuance of up to 631 shares of Class A Common Stock based on the attainment of a targeted maximum annual return on net assets in fiscal year 2015 and the restricted stock units could result in the issuance of an aggregate of up to 316 shares of Class A Common Stock based on continued employment over the remainder of the three year service period. The performance stock units and the restricted stock units were granted at a grant date fair value of $5.17 per share.

As of July 31, 2012, there were 946 Class A Common Stock equivalents available for future grant under the 2006 Plan, inclusive of additional Class A Common Stock equivalents which were previously issued under our terminated plans but which have become available for grant because such awards expired or otherwise resulted in shares not being issued.

Stock options granted generally vest over a one to four year period from the date of grant and are granted at prices equal to the prevailing fair market value at the issue date. In general, stock options are issued with a life not to exceed ten years. Shares issued by us upon exercise of stock options are issued from the pool of authorized shares of Class A Common Stock.

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended July 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

     Stock Options     Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Outstanding, April 30, 2012

     1,661      $ 10.55   

Granted

     —        $ —     

Exercised

     —        $ —     

Forfeited

     (134   $ 9.52   
  

 

 

   

Outstanding, July 31, 2012

     1,527      $ 10.65   
  

 

 

   

Exercisable, July 31, 2012

     1,436      $ 11.07   
  

 

 

   

 

A summary of restricted stock, restricted stock unit and performance stock unit activity for the three months ended July 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

     Restricted Stock /
Restricted Stock
Units
    Weighted
Average
Grant
Price
     Performance
Stock
Units (1)
    Weighted
Average
Grant
Price
 

Outstanding, April 30, 2012

     784      $ 4.47         596      $ 4.96   

Granted

     330      $ 5.16         316      $ 5.17   

Class A Common Stock Vested

     (346   $ 3.83         —        $ —     

Forfeited

     (10   $ 4.22         (10   $ 4.91   
  

 

 

      

 

 

   

Outstanding, July 31, 2012

     758      $ 5.06         902      $ 5.03   
  

 

 

      

 

 

   

 

(1) Performance stock units are included at the 100% attainment level. Attainment of maximum annual returns on net assets could result in the issuance of an additional 522 shares of Class A Common Stock.

We recorded $640, and $618 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, performance stock units, restricted stock units and restricted stock, respectively, during the three months ended July 31, 2012 and 2011. We also recorded $35 and $31 of stock-based compensation expense related to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the three months ended July 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in general and administration expenses in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations. The unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at July 31, 2012 related to unvested stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units was $2,996, to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.80 years. Maximum unrecognized stock-based compensation expense at July 31, 2012 related to outstanding performance stock units, and subject to the attainment of targeted maximum annual returns on net assets, was $5,889, to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.64 years. The unrecognized stock-based compensation expense that we expect to recognize as of July 31, 2012 related to outstanding performance stock units based on our expected attainment levels was $1,147.

Our calculations of stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options and our Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the three months ended July 31, 2012 and 2011, as applicable, were made using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For the three months ended July 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, we did not grant any stock options. The fair value of shares to be purchased under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan were estimated assuming no expected dividend yield using the following weighted average assumptions for the three months ended July 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

     Three Months Ended July 31,  
     2012     2011  

Employee Stock Purchase Plan:

    

Expected life

     0.5 years        0.5 years   

Risk-free interest rate

     0.15     0.10

Expected volatility

     38.15     47.79

Expected life is calculated based on the weighted average historical life of the vested stock options, giving consideration to vesting schedules and historical exercise patterns. Risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve for the period of the expected life of the stock option. Expected volatility is calculated using the average of weekly historical volatility of our Class A Common Stock over the expected life.

The Black-Scholes valuation model requires extensive use of accounting judgment and financial estimation, including estimates of the expected term option holders will retain their vested stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of our Class A Common Stock price over the expected term, and the number of stock options that will be forfeited prior to the completion of their vesting requirements. Application of alternative assumptions could produce significantly different estimates of the fair value of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related amounts recognized in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.