A table providing a brief description of recent ASUs to the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) deemed to have a possible material effect on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption based on current account balances and activity follows:



Standard	Description	Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting standards that are adopted effective January 1, 2018
ASU 2017-09: Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)	Requires that an entity should account for the effects of a modification to an award unless all of the following conditions are met: the fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the original award is modified; the vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions immediately before the original award is modified; and the classification of modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the original award is modified.	The adoption of this guidance could affect equity compensation expense and net income if there is a modification of an award.

ASU 2016-01, as amended through March 2018: Financial Instruments - Overall (Topic 825-10)	Requires the following: (1) equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; (2) entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; (3) separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset; and (4) the elimination of the disclosure requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost.	The adoption of this guidance resulted in: a cumulative-effect adjustment to Accumulated Deficit; recognition of the change in fair value of certain equity investments in net income; and enhanced disclosure. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2014-09, as amended through November 2017: Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)	The core principle of the guidance is that using a five step methodology an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also requires enhanced qualitative and quantitative disclosure regarding revenue recognition from customer contracts.	The adoption of this guidance requires using either a full retrospective approach for all periods presented or a modified retrospective approach with a cumulative effect adjustment to Accumulated Deficit as of the date of adoption. We adopted the guidance using the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2018 with no adjustment to Accumulated Deficit. We adopted the standard through the application of the portfolio approach. We selected a sample of customer contracts to assess under the guidance of the new standard that were characteristically representative of each portfolio. Upon completion of our review, the guidance did not result in a significant change to the timing of revenue recognition. We identified certain immaterial sales commissions, which represent costs of obtaining a contract, that should be capitalized as contract acquisition costs under the guidance and amortized to general and administration expense over the expected life of the customer contract. Based on the immateriality of these sales commissions, no adjustment to Accumulated Deficit nor the accounting of these costs was deemed necessary. See Note 3, Revenue Recognition for additional disclosure.

ASU 2017-12: Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)	Requires that an entity align its risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. This guidance expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial and commodity risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements.	The adoption of this guidance affects the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the method of presenting hedge results, including the addition of a tabular disclosure related to the effect on the income statement of fair value and cash flow hedges and no longer measuring and reporting hedge ineffectiveness. We early adopted this guidance using a modified retrospective approach effective April 1, 2018 with an initial application date of January 1, 2018 with no adjustment to Accumulated Deficit. See Note 7, Long-Term Debt for additional disclosure.

A table providing a brief description of recent ASUs to the ASC issued by the FASB that may have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption based on current account balances and activity follows:



Standard	Description	Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
Accounting standards that are pending adoption
ASU 2017-04: Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)	Requires that when an entity is performing its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test, it should compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount when calculating its impairment charge, noting that the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, if applicable, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when calculating its impairment charge.	As of December 31, 2017, we did not record a goodwill impairment charge related to our annual goodwill impairment test because at that time the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its respective carrying value. Upon adoption, if the carrying value of any of these reporting units exceeds the fair value when we perform a goodwill impairment test, we would record an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying value exceeds its fair value. This guidance is effective January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed after January 1, 2017.

ASU 2016-02, as amended through July 2018: Leases (Topic 842)	Requires that a lessee recognize at the commencement date: a lease liability, which is the obligation of the lessee to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term.	We are currently assessing the provisions of this guidance and evaluating the impact the guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have also engaged outside resources to assist in applying and implementing this guidance. We are currently in the process of identifying and aggregating lease contracts for review and input into a third-party lease accounting software application. The adoption of this ASU is expected to impact the balance sheet through the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms in excess of 12 months. This guidance is effective January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective transition approach with early adoption permitted.