REVENUE RECOGNITION

We adopted ASU 2014-09, as amended, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) effective January 1, 2018. We adopted this guidance using the modified retrospective approach, noting that no cumulative effect adjustment to the beginning balance of Accumulated Deficit was needed. The comparative periods have not been restated and continue to be reported under ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. We applied this guidance to contracts that were not substantially completed contracts at the date of adoption. Additionally, contract modifications that occurred before the adoption date were not separately evaluated, rather the guidance was applied to the current version of the contract only. We disaggregate our revenues by applicable service line: collection, landfill, transfer, customer solutions, recycling, organics, transportation and landfill gas-to-energy.

Under the new revenue recognition guidance revenues are measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer. The circumstances that impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized for each applicable service line may vary based on the nature of the service performed. We generally recognize revenues for services over time as we satisfy the performance obligation by transferring control over the service to the customer as the service is performed and the benefit is received and consumed by the customer. Services are typically delivered in a series as a single bundled performance obligation over either a designated period of time or for specified number of services. Services may also be delivered as a single bundled service, on a period-to-period basis, or in a spot transaction. Consideration may be variable on a per ton basis and/or fixed. Fixed consideration is allocated to each distinct service and variable consideration is allocated to the increment of time that the service is performed and we have the contractual right to the fee. Fees are typically billed weekly, monthly, quarterly or in advance. Generally, the amount of consideration that we have the right to receive that is invoiced to the customer directly corresponds to the value of our performance completed to date. We elected the optional exemption, to not disclose the amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price that is allocated to outstanding performance obligations when the variable consideration is allocated entirely to unsatisfied performance obligations or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. Revenues that are not satisfied over time are recognized at a point-in-time. This typically includes the sale of recycled or organic materials, as well as renewable energy credits ("RECs"). Revenues from the sale of organic or recycled materials are recognized at a point-in-time as control of the materials transfers to the customer upon shipment or pick-up by the customer. Revenues from the sale of RECs are recognized at a point-in-time as the trade is executed and control transfers to the customer.

Payments to customers that are not in exchange for a distinct good or service are recorded as a reduction of revenues. Rebates to certain customers associated with payments for recycled or organic materials that are received and subsequently processed and sold to other third-parties amounted to $1,468 in the three months ended March 31, 2018. Rebates are generally recorded as a reduction of revenues upon the sale of such materials, or upon receipt of the recycled materials at our facilities. These payments were previously recorded as a cost of operations. We did not record any revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2018 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.

Contract receivables, which are included in Accounts receivable - trade, net are recorded when billed or when related revenue is earned, if earlier, and represent claims against third-parties that will be settled in cash. Accounts receivable - trade, net includes gross receivables from contracts of $66,429 and $66,227 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Certain customers are billed in advance and, accordingly, recognition of the related revenues is deferred as a contract liability until the services are provided and control transferred to the customer. Contract liabilities of $2,567 and $1,823 as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were reclassified out of Other accrued liabilities and presented separately on the face of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the short term nature of advanced billings, substantially all of the deferred revenue recognized as a contract liability as of December 31, 2017 was recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2018, when the services were performed.

Revenues by Service Line

Collection

Collection revenues are principally generated by providing waste collection and disposal services to our customers. Services may be provided as needed or as scheduled. We derive a substantial portion of our collection revenues from commercial and industrial services, which typically have a standard contract duration of three years, along with municipal services that are generally performed pursuant to contracts with municipalities with varying terms. The majority of our residential collection services are performed on a subscription basis with individual households.

Landfill

Landfill disposal services primarily consist of receiving some form of acceptable solid waste materials at one of our landfills and appropriately disposing of it. Landfill customers are typically charged a tipping fee on a per ton basis for disposing of their solid waste at our disposal facilities. In general, these fees are variable in nature.

Transfer Station

Transfer station disposal services primarily consist of receiving some form of acceptable solid waste materials at one of our transfer stations and appropriately disposing of it by transporting it to an appropriate disposal site. Transfer station customers are charged a tipping fee on a per ton basis for disposing of their solid waste at our transfer stations. In general, these fees are variable in nature.

Transportation

Transportation services consist of the transportation of large volumes of waste or recycled materials from a customer designated location to another location or disposal facility. Transportation customers are charged a fee on a per ton basis for transporting and/or disposal of the materials. In general, these fees are variable in nature.

Recycling

Recycling services primarily consist of the collection and/or receipt of recycled materials at one of our materials recovery facilities; the processing or sorting of the recycled materials; and the disposal or sale of the recycled materials. Revenues from recycling services consist of revenues derived from municipalities and customers in the form of processing fees, tipping fees and commodity sales. In brokerage arrangements, we act as an agent that facilitates the sale of recyclable materials between an inbound customer and an outbound customer. Revenues from the brokerage of recycled materials are recognized on a net basis at the time of shipment. In general, these fees are variable in nature.

Customer Solutions

Customer solutions services consist of commercial and industrial offerings. Commercial services consist of traditional collection, disposal and recycling services provided to large account multi-site customers. Industrial services consist of overall resource management services provided to large and complex organizations, such as universities, hospitals, manufacturers and municipalities, delivering a wide range of environmental services and zero waste solutions.

Organics

Organics services primarily consist of the collection and/or receipt of organic materials at one of our processing or disposal facilities; the processing of the organic materials; and the disposal or sale of the organic materials.

Landfill Gas-to-Energy

Landfill gas-to-energy services primarily consist of the generation and sale of electricity from landfill gas-to-energy facilities located at certain of our landfills; the reservation of electric generating capacity to be used by a customer on demand; and the sale of RECs.

A table of revenues disaggregated by service line and timing of revenue recognition by operating segment follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018



	Eastern		Western		Recycling		Other		Total Revenues
Collection	$	30,523	$	36,485	$	—	$	—	$	67,008
Landfill	5,960		14,540		—		—		20,500
Transfer	7,560		5,606		—		—		13,166
Customer solutions	—		—		—		15,169		15,169
Recycling	—		948		10,157		—		11,105
Organics	—		—		—		12,200		12,200
Transportation	—		5,824		—		685		6,509
Landfill gas-to-energy	462		1,336		—		—		1,798
Total revenues	$	44,505	$	64,739	$	10,157	$	28,054	$	147,455

Transferred at a point-in-time	$	191	$	367	$	7,257	$	357	$	8,172
Transferred over time	44,314		64,372		2,900		27,697		139,283
Total revenues	$	44,505	$	64,739	$	10,157	$	28,054	$	147,455