LINCOLN BENEFIT LIFE COMPANY
Supplement Dated April 29, 2016
To the following Prospectuses, as supplemented
CONSULTANT SOLUTIONS (CLASSIC, PLUS, ELITE, SELECT) PROSPECTUS DATED APRIL 29, 2016
CONSULTANT I PROSPECTUS DATED APRIL 29, 2016
LBL ADVANTAGE PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 1, 2004
CONSULTANT II PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 1, 2004
PREMIER PLANNER PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 1, 2004
The following information supplements the prospectus for your variable annuity contract issued by Lincoln Benefit Life Company.
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT
LINCOLN BENEFIT LIFE COMPANY
Page | ||||||
Item 3(c) |
Risk Factors | 1 | ||||
Item 11(a) |
Description of Business | 11 | ||||
Item 11(b) |
Description of Property | 13 | ||||
Item 11(c) |
Legal Proceedings | 13 | ||||
Item 11(e) |
Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements | 14 | ||||
Item 11(f) |
Selected Financial Data | 68 | ||||
Item 11(h) |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 68 | ||||
Item 11(i) |
Changes in or Disagreements with Accountants | 90 | ||||
Item 11(j) |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 90 | ||||
Item 11(k) |
Directors and Executive Officers | 90 | ||||
Item 11(l) |
Executive Compensation | 92 | ||||
Item 11(m) |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | 99 | ||||
Item 11(n) |
Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons | 101 | ||||
105 |
Item 3(c). | Risk Factors |
LINCOLN BENEFIT LIFE RISK FACTORS
This document contains forward-looking statements that anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or developments.
These forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may be identified by their use of words like plans, seeks, expects, will, should, anticipates, estimates, intends, believes, likely, targets and other words with similar meanings. These statements may address, among other things, our strategy for growth, investment results, regulatory approvals, market position, expenses, financial results, litigation and reserves. We believe that these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. However, if the estimates, assumptions or plans underlying the forward-looking statements prove inaccurate or if other risks or uncertainties arise, actual results could differ materially from those communicated in these forward-looking statements.
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In addition to the normal risks of business, we are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including those listed below, which apply to us as an insurer and a provider of other products and financial services. These risks constitute our cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and readers should carefully review such cautionary statements as they identify certain important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements and historical trends. These cautionary statements are not exclusive and are in addition to other factors discussed elsewhere in this document, in our filings with the SEC or in materials incorporated therein by reference.
Changes in actual experience could materially affect the profitability of our business.
Our liability pricing includes long-term assumptions regarding investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency and operating costs and expenses of our business. We establish target returns based upon these factors and the average amount of capital that we must hold to support in-force contracts taking into account rating agencies and regulatory requirements. Profitability emerges over a period of years depending on the nature and life of the product and is subject to variability as actual results may differ from pricing assumptions. Additionally, many of our products have fixed or guaranteed terms that limit our ability to increase revenues or reduce benefits, including credited interest, once the product has been issued.
Our profitability depends on the adequacy of investment spreads, the management of market and credit risks associated with investments, the sufficiency of premiums and contract charges to cover mortality and morbidity benefits, the persistency of policies, and the management of operating costs and expenses within anticipated pricing allowances. Legislation and regulation of the insurance marketplace and products could also affect the profitability of our business.
Changes in reserve estimates may adversely affect our operating results.
The reserve for life-contingent contract benefits is computed on the basis of long-term actuarial assumptions of future investment yields, mortality, morbidity, persistency and expenses. We periodically review the adequacy of these reserves on an aggregate basis and if future experience differs significantly from assumptions, adjustments to reserves may be required which could have a material effect on our operating results.
Changes in market interest rates and/or credit spreads may lead to a significant decrease in the profitability of our spread-based products.
Our ability to manage our fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life products is dependent upon maintaining profitable spreads between investment yields and interest crediting rates. When market interest rates decrease or remain at relatively low levels, cash flows from renewal premium, investments that have matured or have been prepaid or sold may be reinvested at lower yields, reducing investment spread. Lowering interest crediting rates on some products in such an environment can partially offset decreases in investment yield. However, these changes could be limited by market conditions, regulatory minimum rates or contractual minimum rate guarantees on many contracts and may not match the timing or magnitude of changes in investment yields. Decreases in the interest crediting rates offered on products could make those products less attractive, leading to changes in the level of policy loans, surrenders and withdrawals. Non-parallel shifts in interest rates, such as increases in short-term rates without accompanying increases in medium- and long-term rates, can influence customer demand for fixed annuities, which could impact the level and profitability of new customer deposits. Increases in market interest rates can also have negative effects on our business, for example by increasing the attractiveness of other investments to our customers, which can lead to increased surrenders at a time when our fixed income investment asset values are lower as a result of the increase in interest rates. This could lead to the sale of fixed income securities at a loss.
For certain products, principally fixed annuity and interest-sensitive life products, the earned rate on assets could lag behind rising market yields. We may react to market conditions by increasing crediting rates, which could narrow spreads and reduce profitability on our business.
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Changes in estimates of profitability on interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment products may adversely affect our profitability and financial condition through the amortization of Value of Business Acquired (VOBA).
VOBA related to interest-sensitive life, fixed annuities and other investment contracts is amortized in proportion to actual historical gross profits and estimated future gross profits (EGP) over the estimated lives of the contracts. The principal assumptions for determining the amount of EGP are mortality, persistency, expenses, investment returns, including capital gains and losses on assets supporting contract liabilities, interest crediting rates to contractholders, and the effects of any hedges. Updates to these assumptions (commonly referred to as VOBA unlocking) could adversely affect our profitability and financial condition.
Guarantees within certain of our products may decrease our earnings, increase the volatility of our results, result in higher risk management costs and expose us to increased counterparty risk.
Certain of our products include guaranteed benefits. These guarantees are designed to protect policyholders against significant downturns in equity markets and interest rates. Any such periods of significant and sustained downturns in equity markets, increased equity volatility, or reduced interest rates could result in an increase in the valuation of our liabilities associated with those products. An increase in these liabilities would result in a decrease in our net income.
We use hedging and risk management strategies to mitigate the liability exposure and the volatility of net income associated with these liabilities. These strategies involve the use of reinsurance and derivatives, which may not be completely effective. In addition, hedging instruments may not effectively offset the costs of guarantees or may otherwise be insufficient in relation to our obligations. Furthermore, we are subject to the risk that changes in policyholder behavior or mortality, combined with adverse market events, produce economic losses not addressed by the risk management techniques employed. These, individually or collectively, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, including net income, financial condition or liquidity.
We may not be able to mitigate the capital impact associated with statutory reinsurance reserving requirements, potentially adversely impacting the profitability of our business.
To support statutory reserves for certain term and universal life insurance products with secondary guarantees, we currently utilize reinsurance and capital markets solutions for financing a portion of our statutory reserve requirements deemed to be non-economic. If we are not able to maintain sufficient financing as a result of market conditions or otherwise, this could potentially adversely impact the profitability of our business.
Changes in tax laws and interpretations may decrease the profitability of our products and could adversely affect the Company.
Under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), income tax payable by policyholders on investment earnings is deferred during the accumulation period of certain life insurance and annuity products. This favorable tax treatment may give certain of our products a competitive advantage over other non-insurance products. To the extent that the Code is revised to reduce the tax-deferred status of life insurance and annuity products or to increase the tax-deferred status of competing products, all life insurance companies, including us, would be adversely affected with respect to their ability to retain policyholders who have acquired such products. Depending upon grandfathering provisions, life insurance companies would be affected by the surrenders of existing annuity contracts and life insurance policies. Changes in tax law, which have reduced the federal income tax rates on corporate dividends in certain circumstances, could make the tax advantages of investing in certain life insurance or annuity products less attractive. Additionally, changes in tax law based on proposals to establish new tax-advantaged retirement and life savings plans, if enacted, could reduce the tax advantage of investing in certain life insurance or annuity products. We cannot predict what changes to tax law or interpretations of existing tax law may ultimately be enacted or whether such changes could adversely affect us. In addition, changes in the federal estate tax laws could negatively affect the demand for the types of life insurance used in estate planning.
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The Company is dependent on the performance of others.
The Companys results may be affected by the performance of others because the Company has entered into various arrangements in support of our business operations involving third parties. Certain of these third parties may act on behalf of the Company or represent the Company in various capacities including the administration of its contractholders activities or the management of its invested assets on a day-to-day basis. Additionally, the Companys operations are dependent on various technologies, some of which are provided and/or maintained by third parties. Any of the third parties that the Company depends upon may default on their services or obligations to the Company due to bankruptcy, insolvency, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure, fraud, or other reasons. Further, the Company may be held responsible for obligations that arise from the acts or omissions of these third parties. Such defaults could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition and results of operations.
If our internal controls are ineffective, our operating results could be adversely affected.
Our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our business and operating results could be harmed and we could fail to meet our financial reporting obligations.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of investors, regulators and rating agencies.
Further acquisitions by Resolution Life, Inc. could be disruptive to our operations.
Resolution Life, Inc. intends to acquire additional runoff books of business from unrelated insurers and may seek to combine portions of the related operations with ours to recognize efficiencies. The risks and uncertainties related to these transactions include, but are not limited to:
| unanticipated difficulties and expenditures resulting from the transactions; |
| disruption of current plans and operations caused by the closing of the transactions and the transition to new management and service providers over time; |
| diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing transaction integration challenges; and |
| the response of customers, agents, competitors and regulators to the closing of the transactions. |
Our failure to address these risks could cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, impose harmful disruptions to our customer service operations and harm our business generally.
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Risks Relating to Investments
We are subject to market risk and declines in credit quality which may adversely affect investment income and cause realized and unrealized losses.
We are subject to the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in interest rates or credit spreads. Adverse changes to these rates and spreads may occur due to changes in fiscal policy and the economic climate, the liquidity of a market or market segment, insolvency or financial distress of key market makers or participants, or changes in market perceptions of credit worthiness and/or risk tolerance.
We are subject to risks associated with potential declines in credit quality related to specific issuers or specific industries and a general weakening in the economy, which are typically reflected through credit spreads. Credit spread is the additional yield on fixed income securities above the risk-free rate (typically referenced as the yield on U.S. Treasury securities) that market participants require to compensate them for assuming credit, liquidity and/or prepayment risks. Credit spreads vary (i.e., increase or decrease) in response to the markets perception of risk and liquidity in a specific issuer or specific sector and are influenced by the credit ratings, and the reliability of those ratings, published by external rating agencies. A decline in the quality of our investment portfolio as a result of adverse economic conditions or otherwise could cause additional realized and unrealized losses on securities. Similarly, a ratings downgrade affecting a security we hold could indicate the credit quality of that security has deteriorated and could increase the capital we must hold to support that security to maintain our risk based capital levels. Levels of writedowns and impairments are impacted by intent to sell, or our assessment of the likelihood that we will be required to sell fixed maturity securities. Realized losses or impairments on these securities may have a material adverse effect on our net income in a particular period.
A decline in market interest rates or credit spreads would have an adverse effect on our investment income as we invest cash in new investments that may earn less than the portfolios average yield. In a declining interest rate environment, borrowers may prepay or redeem securities more quickly than expected as they seek to refinance at lower rates. An increase in market interest rates or credit spreads could have an adverse effect on the value of our investment portfolio by decreasing the fair values of the fixed income securities that comprise a substantial majority of our investment portfolio.
The determination of the fair value of our fixed income securities is subjective and could materially impact our operating results and financial condition.
In determining fair values we principally use the market approach which utilizes market transaction data for the same or similar instruments. The degree of management judgment involved in determining fair values is inversely related to the availability of market observable information. The fair value of assets may differ from the actual amount received upon sale of an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Moreover, the use of different valuation assumptions may have a material effect on the assets fair values. The difference between amortized cost or cost and fair value, net of deferred income taxes, certain VOBA, and certain reserves for life-contingent contract benefits, is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders equity. Changing market conditions could materially affect the determination of the fair value of securities and unrealized net capital gains and losses could vary significantly.
Concentration of our investment portfolio in any particular segment of the economy may have adverse effects on our operating results and financial condition.
The concentration of our investment portfolio in any particular industry, collateral type, group of related industries, geographic sector or risk type could have an adverse effect on our investment portfolio and consequently on our results of operations and financial condition. Events or developments that have a negative impact on any particular industry, group of related industries or geographic region may have a greater adverse effect on the investment portfolio to the extent that the portfolio is concentrated, rather than diversified.
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The determination of the amount of realized capital losses recorded for impairments of our investments is subjective and could materially impact our operating results and financial condition.
The determination of the amount of realized capital losses recorded for impairments varies by investment type and is based on our ongoing evaluation and assessment of known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. We update our evaluations regularly and reflect changes in other-than-temporary impairments in our results of operations. The assessment of whether other-than-temporary impairments have occurred is based on our case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. We define fair value generally as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability. Our conclusions on such assessments are judgmental and include assumptions and projections of future cash flows which may ultimately prove to be incorrect as assumptions, facts and circumstances change. Furthermore, historical trends may not be indicative of future impairments and additional impairments may need to be recorded in the future.
Deteriorating financial performance impacting commercial mortgage loans, securities collateralized by residential and commercial mortgage loans, and collateralized corporate loans may lead to write-downs and impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Changes in residential or commercial mortgage delinquencies, loss severities or recovery rates, declining residential or commercial real estate prices, corporate loan delinquencies or recovery rates, changes in credit or bond insurer strength ratings and the quality of service provided by service providers on securities in our portfolio could lead us to determine that write-downs are necessary in the future.
Our investment strategies may be adversely affected by developments in the financial markets.
Our investment management strategies may be adversely affected by unexpected developments in the financial markets. There may be a limited market for certain investments we hold in our investment portfolio, making them relatively illiquid. These include privately-placed fixed maturity securities, mortgage loans and policy loans. If we were forced to sell certain of our investments during periods of market volatility or disruption, market prices may be lower than our carrying value in such investments.
Risks Relating to the Insurance Industry
Difficult conditions in the global economy and capital markets generally could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Our business and results of operations are materially affected by conditions in the global capital markets and the economy generally. Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in global capital markets, particular markets, or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on us, in part because we have a large investment portfolio and certain of our insurance liabilities are sensitive to changing market factors. Market factors, including interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices, real estate markets, consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets, deflation and inflation, all affect the business and economic environment and, ultimately, the amount and profitability of our business. Disruptions in one market or asset class can also spread to other markets or asset classes. Upheavals in the financial markets can also affect our business through their effects on general levels of economic activity, employment and customer behavior. Financial markets have also been affected periodically by concerns over U.S. fiscal policy. These issues could, on their own, or combined with the possible slowing of the global economy generally, have severe repercussions to the U.S. and global credit and financial markets, further exacerbate concerns over sovereign debt of other countries and disrupt economic activity in the U.S. and elsewhere.
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General economic conditions could adversely affect us in the form of consumer behavior and pressure investment results. Holders of some of our interest-sensitive life insurance and annuity products may engage in an elevated level of discretionary withdrawals of contractholder funds. Our investment results could be adversely affected as deteriorating financial and business conditions affect the issuers of the securities in our investment portfolio.
Losses from legal and regulatory actions may be material to our operating results or cash flows and may result in harm to our reputation.
We are involved in various legal actions, some of which involve claims for substantial amounts. We are also subject to various regulatory actions and inquiries, such as information requests, market conduct examinations, books and record examinations, from state and federal regulators and other authorities. A substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us, as well as regulatory inquiries or investigations could harm our reputation, result in material fines or penalties, result in significant legal costs and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if we ultimately prevail in the litigation, regulatory actions or investigation, our ability to retain our current contractholders and recruit and retain employees could be materially and adversely impacted.
We are subject to extensive regulation and potential further restrictive regulation may increase our operating costs.
As an insurance company with separate accounts that are regulated as investment companies, we are subject to extensive laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are complex and subject to change. Changes may sometimes lead to additional expenses and increased legal exposure. Moreover, laws and regulations are administered and enforced by a number of different governmental authorities, each of which exercises a degree of interpretive latitude, including state insurance regulators, state securities administrators, state attorneys general, and federal agencies including the SEC, the FINRA and the U.S. Department of Justice. Consequently, we are subject to the risk that compliance with any particular regulators or enforcement authoritys interpretation of a legal issue may not result in compliance with anothers interpretation of the same issue, particularly when compliance is judged in hindsight. In addition, there is risk that any particular regulators or enforcement authoritys interpretation of a legal issue may change over time to our detriment, or that changes in the overall legal environment may, even absent any particular regulators or enforcement authoritys interpretation of a legal issue changing, cause us to change our views regarding the actions we need to take from a legal risk management perspective, thus necessitating changes to our practices that may, in some cases, limit our ability to grow or to improve the profitability of our business. Furthermore, in some cases, these laws and regulations are designed to protect or benefit the interests of a specific constituency rather than a range of constituencies. For example, state insurance laws and regulations are generally intended to protect or benefit purchasers or users of insurance products. In many respects, these laws and regulations limit our ability to maintain the profitability of our business.
Regulatory reforms, and the more stringent application of existing regulations, may make it more expensive for us to conduct our business and increase our capital requirements.
The federal government has enacted comprehensive regulatory reforms for financial services entities. As part of a larger effort to strengthen the regulation of the financial services market, certain reforms are applicable to the insurance industry, including the Federal Insurance Office (FIO) established within the Treasury Department.
In recent years, the state insurance regulatory framework has come under public scrutiny, members of Congress have discussed proposals to provide for federal chartering of insurance companies, and the FIO and Financial Stability Oversight Council were established. We can make no assurances regarding the potential impact of state or federal measures that may change the nature or scope of insurance and financial regulation. These regulatory reforms and any additional legislative change or regulatory requirements imposed upon us in
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connection with the federal governments regulatory reform of the financial services industry, and any more stringent enforcement of existing regulations by federal authorities, may make it more expensive for us to conduct our business, or limit our ability to grow.
Reinsurance may be unavailable at current levels and prices.
Market conditions beyond our control impact the availability and cost of the reinsurance. No assurances can be made that reinsurance will remain continuously available to us to the same extent and on the same terms and rates as is currently available. If we were unable to renew or purchase reinsurance protection in amounts that we consider sufficient and at prices that we consider acceptable, we may have to accept an increase in risk exposure, seek other alternatives, or accept reduced profitability.
Reinsurance subjects us to the credit risk of our reinsurers and may not be adequate to protect us against losses arising from ceded insurance, which could have a material effect on our operating results.
The collectability of reinsurance recoverables is subject to uncertainty arising from a number of factors, including changes in market conditions, whether insured losses meet the qualifying conditions of the reinsurance contract and whether reinsurers, or their affiliates, have the financial capacity and willingness to make payments under the terms of a reinsurance treaty or contract. Our ceded insurance risks include all new business generated in the thirty months following the closing of our acquisition by Resolution Life, Inc., which business will be entirely ceded to Allstate Life Insurance Company. Our inability to collect a material recovery from a reinsurer could have a material effect on our operating results.
Adverse capital and credit market conditions may significantly affect our ability to meet liquidity needs or our ability to obtain credit on acceptable terms.
In periods of extreme volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets, liquidity and credit capacity may be severely restricted. In such circumstances, our ability to obtain capital to fund operating expenses, financing costs, capital expenditures or acquisitions may be limited, and the cost of any such capital may be significant. Our access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to our industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as lenders perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us. If a combination of these factors were to occur, our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms.
A downgrade or a potential downgrade in our financial strength or credit ratings could result in a loss of business and materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Financial strength ratings are published by various Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSRO) and similar entities not formally recognized as NRSROs. They indicate the NRSROs opinion regarding an insurance companys ability to meet contractholder and policyholder obligations, and are important to maintaining public confidence in our products and our competitive position.
Downgrades in our financial strength ratings could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in many ways, including materially increasing the number or amount of policy surrenders and withdrawals by contractholders and adversely affecting our ability to obtain reinsurance at reasonable prices or at all.
In view of the difficulties experienced by many financial institutions as a result of the financial crisis and ensuing global recession, including our competitors in the insurance industry, we believe it is possible that the NRSROs will continue to heighten the level of scrutiny that they apply to insurance companies, will continue
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to increase the frequency and scope of their credit reviews, will continue to request additional information from the companies that they rate, and may adjust upward the capital and other requirements employed in the models for maintenance of certain ratings levels. Our ratings could be downgraded at any time and without notice by any NRSRO. In addition, these regulatory reforms may also increase our minimum capital requirements.
A large scale pandemic, the continued threat of terrorism or military actions may have an adverse effect on the level of claim losses we incur, the value of our investment portfolio, our competitive position, liquidity, operating results and attractiveness of product offering.
A large scale pandemic, the continued threat of terrorism, within the United States and abroad, or military and other actions, and heightened security measures in response to these types of threats, may cause significant volatility and losses in our investment portfolio from interest rate changes, and result in loss of life, disruptions to commerce and reduced economic activity. Some of the assets in our investment portfolio may be adversely affected by reduced economic activity caused by a large scale pandemic or the continued threat of terrorism. Additionally, a large scale pandemic or terrorist act could have a material effect on renewal premium, profitability, competitiveness, liquidity, operating results and attractiveness of product offering.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standard- setting bodies may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of generally accepted accounting principles, which are periodically revised, interpreted and/or expanded. Accordingly, we are required to adopt new guidance or interpretations, or could be subject to existing guidance as we enter into new transactions, which may have a material effect on our results of operations and financial condition that is either unexpected or has a greater impact than expected. For a description of changes in accounting standards that are currently pending and, if known, our estimates of their expected impact, see Note 2 of the financial statements.
The failure in cyber or other information security systems, as well as the occurrence of events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems, management continuity planning or a support failure from external providers, could result in a loss or disclosure of confidential information, damage to our reputation and impairment of our ability to conduct business effectively.
We depend heavily upon computer systems to perform necessary business functions. We rely on these systems throughout our business for a variety of functions, including processing claims and applications, providing information to customers and distributors, performing actuarial analyses and maintaining financial records. We also retain confidential and proprietary information on our computer systems and we rely on sophisticated technologies and our third party vendors to maintain the security of that information. Our computer systems have been, and will likely continue to be, subject to computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access, cyber-attacks or other computer-related penetrations. While, to date, we have not experienced a material breach of cybersecurity, administrative and technical controls and other preventive actions we take to reduce the risk of cyber-incidents and protect our information technology may be insufficient to prevent physical and electronic break-ins, cyber-attacks or other security breaches to our computer systems. If one or more of these events occurs, it could potentially jeopardize the confidential, proprietary and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our operations, which could result in damage to our reputation, financial losses, litigation, increased costs, regulatory penalties and/or customer dissatisfaction or loss.
The occurrence of a disaster such as a natural catastrophe, epidemic, industrial accident, blackout, computer virus, terrorist attack or war, cyber-attack, events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems, or a support failure from external providers, could have an adverse effect on our ability to conduct business and on our results of operations and financial condition, particularly if those events affect our computer-based data processing, transmission, storage, and retrieval systems or destroy data. If a significant number of our third party
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service providers were unavailable in the event of a disaster, our ability to effectively conduct our business could be severely compromised. These interruptions also may interfere with our third party service providers to provide services and our employees ability to perform their job responsibilities.
The failure of our computer systems and/or our disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in our operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to our customers. Such a failure could harm our reputation, subject us to regulatory sanctions and legal claims, lead to a loss of customers and revenues and otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results. Although we conduct due diligence, negotiate contractual provisions and, in many cases, conduct periodic reviews of our vendors, distributors, and other third parties that provide operational or information technology services to us to confirm compliance with the Companys information security standards, the failure of such third parties computer systems and/or their disaster recovery plans for any reason might cause significant interruptions in our operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to our customers. Such a failure could harm our reputation, subject us to regulatory sanctions and legal claims, lead to a loss of policyholders and revenues and otherwise adversely affect our business and financial results.
We are subject to data security and privacy risks that could negatively affect our results, operations or reputation.
Hackers and data thieves are increasingly sophisticated and operate large-scale and complex automated attacks. Any breach of our network may result in the loss of valuable business data, misappropriation of our consumers or employees personal information or a disruption of our business, which could give rise to unwanted media attention, materially damage our customer relationships and reputation and result in lost sales, fines or lawsuits.
In addition, we must comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data. Any failure to comply with these regulatory standards could subject us to legal and reputational risks. Misuse of or failure to secure personal information could also result in violation of data privacy laws and regulations, proceedings against the Company by governmental entities or others, damage to our reputation and credibility and could have a negative impact on revenues and profits.
Loss of key vendor relationships or failure of a vendor to protect personal information of our customers, claimants or employees could affect our operations.
We rely on services and products provided by many vendors in the United States and abroad, specifically third party administrators of our policies, our invested assets, and vendors of computer hardware and software. In the event that one or more of our vendors suffers a bankruptcy or otherwise becomes unable to continue to provide products or services, or fails to protect personal information of our customers, claimants or employees, we may suffer operational impairments and financial losses.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.
We rely on a combination of contractual rights and copyright, trademark, patent and trade secret laws to establish and protect our intellectual property. Although we use a broad range of measures to protect our intellectual property rights, third parties may infringe or misappropriate our intellectual property. We may have to litigate to enforce and protect our intellectual property and to determine its scope, validity or enforceability, which could divert significant resources and prove unsuccessful. An inability to protect our intellectual property could have a material effect on our business.
We may be subject to claims by third parties for patent, trademark or copyright infringement or breach of usage rights. Any such claims and any resulting litigation could result in significant expense and liability. If
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our third party providers or we are found to have infringed a third-party intellectual property right, either of us could be enjoined from providing certain products or services or from utilizing and benefiting from certain methods, processes, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or licenses. Alternatively, we could be required to enter into costly licensing arrangements with third parties or implement a costly work around. Any of these scenarios could have a material effect on our business and results of our operations.
Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could negatively affect our business.
We have devoted significant resources to develop and periodically update our risk management policies and procedures to reflect ongoing review of our risks and expect to continue to do so in the future. Nonetheless, our policies and procedures may not be comprehensive and may not identify every risk to which we are exposed. Many of our methods for managing risk and exposures are based upon the use of observed historical market behavior or statistics based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not fully predict future exposures, which can be significantly greater than our historical measures indicate. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients, catastrophe occurrence or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us. This information may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. In addition, more extensive and perhaps different risk management policies and procedures might have to be implemented under pending regulations.
Our associates may take risks not in accordance with our risk management policies which could negatively affect our financial condition and business.
As an insurance enterprise, we are in the business of accepting certain risks. The associates who conduct our business, including executive officers and other members of management, investment professionals, sales agents, and other associates, do so in part by making decisions and choices that involve exposing us to risk. These include decisions such as pricing, determining what assets to purchase for investment and when to sell them, which business opportunities to pursue, and other decisions. We endeavor, in the design and implementation of our compensation programs and practices, to avoid giving our associates incentives to take excessive risks; however, associates may take such risks regardless of the structure of our compensation programs and practices. Similarly, although we employ controls and procedures designed to monitor associates business decisions and prevent us from taking excessive risks, and to prevent employee misconduct, these controls and procedures may not be effective. In such instances, the impact of those risks could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business operations.
We may be unable to retain our highly qualified employees.
We must attract and retain employees to service our policyholders and manage and grow our business. We compete with other financial services companies for employees primarily on the basis of compensation and financial position. Our reputation, operations, and internal controls could be materially adversely affected if we are unsuccessful in retaining highly qualified employees. Our inability to recruit or our failure to retain a sufficient number of qualified individuals in the future may impair our efficiency and effectiveness to service policyholders, meet regulatory deadlines, and our ability to pursue growth opportunities.
Item 11(a). | Description of Business |
Lincoln Benefit Life Company (referred to in this document as we, Lincoln Benefit, our, us or the Company) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nebraska in 1938. Lincoln Benefit is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc., a Delaware corporation, which is a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of Resolution Life L.P. (the Limited Partnership), a Bermuda limited partnership, and Resolution Life (Parallel) Partnership, a Bermuda-based partnership.
11
On April 1, 2014, Resolution Life, Inc. acquired all the outstanding capital stock in Lincoln Benefit (the Acquisition) from Allstate Life Insurance Company (ALIC). Immediately prior to the closing of the transaction, Lincoln Benefit commuted certain business previously reinsured to ALIC, including (a) all of the fixed deferred annuity, value adjusted deferred annuity and indexed deferred annuity business written by the Company that was previously reinsured to ALIC, (b) all of the life insurance business written by the Company through independent producers that was previously reinsured to ALIC, other than certain specified life business, and (c) all of the net liability of the Company with respect to the accident and health and long-term care insurance business written by the Company that was previously reinsured to ALIC ((a), (b) and (c) collectively, the Recaptured Business). In connection with the closing, Lincoln Benefit and ALIC entered into an Amended and Restated Reinsurance Agreement (the ARRA), pursuant to which ALIC continues to reinsure business that was ceded by Lincoln Benefit to ALIC before the closing, with the exception of the Recaptured Business (the ALIC Reinsured Business). ALIC continues to provide certain services with respect to the Recaptured Business on a transitional basis, including services relating to processing of Life block commissions and agent licensing, 2015 agent bonus payments, and escheatment and unclaimed property processing.
ALIC continues to reinsure all life insurance business written by Lincoln Benefit through the Allstate Financial Sales channel, all immediate annuities written by Lincoln Benefit prior to closing of the Acquisition, and certain term life policies written by Lincoln Benefit. This business will continue to be administered by ALIC under an existing administrative services agreement between Lincoln Benefit and ALIC. The Allstate Financial sales channel will continue to sell Lincoln Benefit products until they are fully transitioned to a new Allstate company in 2017. As part of the Acquisition, ALIC has agreed to indemnify the Company for certain liabilities related to the pre-closing activities of the transferred business.
Lincoln Benefits variable annuity business is reinsured by ALIC under an existing reinsurance agreement between Lincoln Benefit and ALIC. In 2006, ALIC disposed of substantially all of its variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. and therefore mitigated this aspect of ALICs risk. The Company was not a direct participant of this agreement and its reinsurance agreement with ALIC remains unchanged.
Prior to July 18, 2013, we sold interest-sensitive traditional and variable life insurance and fixed annuities, including deferred and immediate, through independent master brokerage agencies. Effective January 1, 2014, we no longer offer fixed annuities such as deferred and immediate annuities, however, we continue to accept deposits on existing policies.
We have reinsurance agreements whereby certain premiums, contract charges, interest credited to policyholder account balances, contract benefits and expenses are ceded to ALIC and other non-affiliated reinsurers.
In our reports, we occasionally refer to statutory financial information. All domestic United States insurance companies are required to prepare statutory-basis financial statements. As a result, industry data is available that enables comparisons between insurance companies, including competitors that are not subject to the requirement to prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We frequently use industry publications containing statutory financial information to assess our competitive position.
Lincoln Benefit is subject to extensive regulation, primarily at the state level. The method, extent and substance of such regulation varies by state but generally has its source in statutes that establish standards and requirements for conducting the business of insurance and that delegate regulatory authority to a state agency. These rules have a substantial effect on our business and relate to a wide variety of matters, including insurer solvency, reserve adequacy, insurance company licensing and examination, agent licensing, policy forms, rate
12
setting, the nature and amount of investments, claims practices, participation in guaranty funds, transactions with affiliates, the payment of dividends, underwriting standards, statutory accounting methods, trade practices and corporate governance.
In recent years, the state insurance regulatory framework has come under increased federal scrutiny. As part of an effort to strengthen the regulation of the financial services market, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) was enacted in 2010. Many regulations required pursuant to this law must still be finalized and we cannot predict what the final regulations will require, but do not expect a material impact on Lincoln Benefits operations. Dodd-Frank also created the Federal Insurance Office (FIO) within the Treasury Department. The FIO monitors the insurance industry, provides advice to the Financial Stability Oversight Council, represents the U.S. on international insurance matters and studies the current regulatory system. In addition, state legislators and insurance regulators continue to examine the appropriate nature and scope of state insurance regulation. We cannot predict whether any specific state or federal measures will be adopted to change the nature or scope of the regulation of insurance or what effect any such measures would have on Lincoln Benefit.
Item 11(b). | Description of Property |
Lincoln Benefit occupies leased office space in Lincoln, Nebraska and Rosemont, Illinois.
Item 11(c). | Legal Proceedings |
Lincoln Benefit is engaged in routine lawsuits, which, in managements judgment, are not of material importance to its total assets or business prospects.
13
Item 11(e) | Financial Statements and Notes to Financial Statements |
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
December 31,2015
14
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of Lincoln Benefit Life Company:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, of shareholders equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Lincoln Benefit Life Company and its subsidiary at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, Schedule I - Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties and Schedule IV - Reinsurance (the financial statement schedules) present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
April 1, 2016
15
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
Lincoln, Nebraska
We have audited the accompanying Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, Shareholders Equity and Cash Flows of Lincoln Benefit Life Company (the Company) for the year ended December 31, 2013 (Predecessors Basis) and for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 (Predecessors Basis). Our audits also included Schedule IV Reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2013 (Predecessors Basis) and for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 (Predecessors Basis). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations, shareholders equity and cash flows of Lincoln Benefit Life Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 (Predecessors Basis) and for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 (Predecessors Basis), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, Schedule IV Reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2013 (Predecessors Basis) and for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 (Predecessors Basis), when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche, LLP
Chicago, Illinois
April 13, 2015
16
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014
($ in thousands, except par value data and share amounts)
December 31, 2015 |
December 31, 2014 |
|||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $8,274,194 and $9,231,856) |
$ | 7,945,942 | $ | 9,390,647 | ||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
1,509,132 | 1,115,167 | ||||||
Policy loans |
186,827 | 194,385 | ||||||
Short-term investments |
184,820 | 361,369 | ||||||
Other invested assets |
18,412 | 26,897 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Investments |
9,845,133 | 11,088,465 | ||||||
Cash |
49,121 | 49,730 | ||||||
Accrued investment income |
91,214 | 96,408 | ||||||
Reinsurance recoverables nonaffiliates |
5,984,458 | 5,694,965 | ||||||
Valuation of business acquired |
247,702 | 231,521 | ||||||
Deposit receivable |
1,250,328 | 1,383,388 | ||||||
Other assets |
633,091 | 592,202 | ||||||
Current income tax |
1,472 | | ||||||
Deferred tax asset, net |
65,040 | | ||||||
Separate account assets |
1,395,141 | 1,573,865 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Assets |
$ | 19,562,700 | $ | 20,710,544 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
LIABILITIES |
||||||||
Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities |
$ | 4,757,641 | $ | 4,528,949 | ||||
Policyholders account balances |
11,120,565 | 11,764,312 | ||||||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
95,826 | 188,656 | ||||||
Modified coinsurance payable |
1,250,328 | 1,383,388 | ||||||
Deferred tax liability |
| 40,732 | ||||||
Other long-term debt affiliate |
608,700 | 551,600 | ||||||
Separate account liabilities |
1,395,141 | 1,573,865 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Liabilities |
$ | 19,228,201 | $ | 20,031,502 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Common stock, $100 par value, 30,000 shares authorized, 25,000 shares issued and outstanding |
$ | 2,500 | $ | 2,500 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
593,558 | 593,558 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(154,699 | ) | 85,498 | |||||
Retained earnings (deficit) |
(106,860 | ) | (2,514 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Shareholders Equity |
334,499 | 679,042 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
$ | 19,562,700 | $ | 20,710,544 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
17
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Successor) and Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Predecessor)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015, the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and the Year Ended December 31, 2013
($ in thousands)
Successor | Predecessor | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
|||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 8,841 | $ | 20,384 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||
Fee income from policyholders |
353,932 | 259,169 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Net investment income |
398,931 | 288,571 | 2,350 | 10,935 | ||||||||||||||||
Realized investment gains, net |
113,538 | 46,092 | 285 | | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 875,242 | $ | 614,216 | $ | 2,635 | $ | 10,935 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholders benefits |
351,744 | 216,543 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Return credited to policyholders account balances |
301,079 | 256,703 | | | ||||||||||||||||
Operating and acquisition expenses |
93,671 | 96,050 | | | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total expenses |
$ | 746,494 | $ | 569,296 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Income (Loss) Before Federal Income Tax |
$ | 128,748 | $ | 44,920 | $ | 2,635 | $ | 10,935 | ||||||||||||
Federal Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current |
22,528 | | 914 | 3,902 | ||||||||||||||||
Deferred |
23,566 | 14,234 | 8 | (77 | ) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total income tax expense (benefit) |
46,094 | 14,234 | 922 | 3,825 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) |
$ | 82,654 | $ | 30,686 | $ | 1,713 | $ | 7,110 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized investment gains (losses): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized investment gains (losses) for the period |
$ | (290,511 | ) | $ | 131,433 | $ | 2,364 | $ | (15,281 | ) | ||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income |
79,023 | | 285 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) |
(369,534 | ) | 131,433 | 2,079 | (15,282 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax |
||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Income tax expense (benefit) related to: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized investment gains (losses) for the period |
(101,679 | ) | 45,935 | 828 | (5,349 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income |
(27,658 | ) | | (100 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Net unrealized investment gains (losses) |
(129,337 | ) | 45,935 | 728 | (5,349 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income |
(240,197 | ) | 85,498 | 1,351 | (9,933 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income |
$ | (157,543 | ) | $ | 116,184 | $ | 3,064 | $ | (2,823 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
18
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders Equity (Successor) and Statements of Shareholders Equity (Predecessor)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015, the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014, and the Year Ended December 31, 2013
($ in thousands, except par value data and share amounts)
Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Accumulated Other Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Total Shareholders Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor |
Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2012 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 180,000 | $ | 150,215 | $ | 13,803 | $ | 346,518 | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
| | | 7,110 | | 7,110 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |
| | | | (9,933 | ) | (9,933 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
(2,823 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 180,000 | $ | 157,325 | $ | 3,870 | $ | 343,695 | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
| | | 1,713 | | 1,713 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |
| | | | 1,351 | 1,351 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
3,064 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2014 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 180,000 | $ | 159,038 | $ | 5,221 | $ | 346,759 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Successor |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, April 1, 2014 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 593,308 | $ | | $ | | $ | 595,808 | |||||||||||||
Dividends to shareholder |
| | | (33,200 | ) | | (33,200 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Capital contribution |
| | 250 | | | 250 | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 30,686 | | 30,686 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |
| | | | 85,498 | 85,498 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
116,184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ | 593,558 | $ | (2,514 | ) | $ | 85,498 | $ | 679,042 | ||||||||||||
Dividends to shareholder |
| | | (187,000 | ) | | (187,000 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 82,654 | | 82,654 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |
| | | | (240,197 | ) | (240,197 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
(157,543 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2015 |
25,000 | $ | 2,500 | $ |
593,558 |
|
$ | (106,860 | ) | $ | (154,699 | ) | $ | 334,499 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
19
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Successor) and Statements of Cash Flows (Predecessor)
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015, the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and the Year Ended December 31, 2013
($ in thousands)
Successor | Predecessor | |||||||||||||||||
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
|||||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 82,654 | $ | 30,686 | $ | 1,713 | $ | 7,110 | ||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash: |
||||||||||||||||||
Policy charges and fee income |
(353,932 | ) | (259,169 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
Interest credited |
301,079 | 256,703 | | | ||||||||||||||
Investment gains, net |
(125,986 | ) | (46,092 | ) | (285 | ) | | |||||||||||
Amortization/Accretion of bond premium, net |
44,701 | 44,112 | 94 | 630 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of VOBA |
40,880 | 38,987 | | | ||||||||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||
Decrease (increase) in insurance related liabilities and policy-related balances |
(24,884 | ) | (21,964 | ) | 6,402 | (6,147 | ) | |||||||||||
Decrease (increase) in receivable from/payable to affiliate |
| | 24,358 | (17,255 | ) | |||||||||||||
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |
23,566 | 14,234 | 921 | (329 | ) | |||||||||||||
Decrease (increase) in accrued investment income |
5,194 | 6,838 | | | ||||||||||||||
Decrease (increase) in other assets and liabilities |
(27,417 | ) | 31,780 | (23,192 | ) | 16,007 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
(34,145 | ) | 96,115 | 10,011 | 16 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities, available for sale |
||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities |
4,739,792 | 1,844,344 | 21,341 | 62,645 | ||||||||||||||
Purchases |
(3,703,237 | ) | (1,898,874 | ) | | (38,896 | ) | |||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales and paydowns |
164,658 | 150,849 | | | ||||||||||||||
Originations and purchases |
(559,110 | ) | | | | |||||||||||||
Net purchases, sales, maturities of derivatives |
(1,379 | ) | (8,636 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
Net purchases, sales, maturities of other investments |
184,107 | 620,425 | 55,924 | (31,738 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
824,831 | 708,108 | 77,265 | (7,989 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account deposits |
356,916 | 340,128 | | | ||||||||||||||
Policyholders account withdrawals |
(922,215 | ) | (1,141,289 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
Dividends paid to shareholder |
(187,000 | ) | (33,200 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
Change in overdrafts |
(38,996 | ) | 39,089 | | | |||||||||||||
Capital contribution |
| 250 | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
(791,295 | ) | (795,022 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(609 | ) | 9,201 | 87,276 | (7,973 | ) | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
49,730 | 40,529 | 5,100 | 13,073 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 49,121 | $ | 49,730 | $ | 92,376 | $ | 5,100 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year: |
||||||||||||||||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | 24,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | 4,200 | ||||||||||
Interest paid |
6,671 | $ | 4,585 | $ | | $ | | |||||||||||
Commutation Agreement proceeds (see Note 1): |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash received on April 1, 2014 |
$ | | $ | | $ | 143,348 | $ | | ||||||||||
Cash received subsequent to April 1, 2014 |
$ | | $ | | $ | 5,946 | $ | | ||||||||||
Invested assets transferred |
$ | | $ | | $ | 11,482,637 | $ | | ||||||||||
Noncash activities |
||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of vehicle note |
$ | | $ | 513,000 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Issuance of other long-term debt |
$ | | $ | 513,000 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Interest income on vehicle note |
$ | 22,880 | $ | 15,711 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Interest expense on other long-term debt |
$ | 22,880 | $ | 15,711 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Increase in vehicle note and other long-term debt |
$ | 57,100 | $ | 38,600 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Increase in modified coinsurance payable and deposit receivable |
$ | 133,060 |
$ |
166,963 |
|
$ | | $ | |
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
20
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. | General |
Lincoln Benefit Life Company (the Company or Lincoln Benefit) is a stock insurance company domiciled in the State of Nebraska. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc. (Resolution), which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. (Holdings). Resolution was formed on July 2, 2013 under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
On April 1, 2014, Lancaster Re Captive Insurance Company (Lancaster Re), a Nebraska domiciled captive insurance company, became a wholly owned subsidiary of Lincoln Benefit when it was contributed to Lincoln Benefit by Resolution.
The Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Resolution on April 1, 2014 after receiving all required regulatory approvals. Prior to this date, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of Allstate Life Insurance Company (ALIC). On July 17, 2013, Holdings executed a Stock Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) to acquire 100% of the Company from ALIC (the Acquisition). In November 2013, Holdings assigned the right to acquire all of Lincoln Benefits outstanding capital stock to Resolution pursuant to an Assignment Agreement. The purchase price was $595.8 million.
The Company is authorized to sell life insurance and retirement products in all states except New York, as well as in the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam. Prior to July 18, 2013, the Company sold interest-sensitive, traditional and variable life insurance products through both exclusive agencies (Allstate Financial Sales channel) and independent master brokerage agencies. Effective July 17, 2013, sales through the independent master brokerage agencies ceased, and sales through the Allstate Financial sales channel will continue for a period up to 30 months after the closing date of Acquisition. We operate as a single segment entity, based on the manner in which we use financial information to evaluate business performance and to determine the allocation of resources.
On April 1, 2014, immediately prior to the Acquisition, the Company, pursuant to a Partial Commutation Agreement, recaptured all deferred annuity, long-term care, accident and health and life business sold through Lincoln Benefits independent master brokerage agencies, other than specified life business, previously reinsured by ALIC. The primary impacts of the Partial Commutation Agreement with ALIC were the receipt of investments, the reduction of the related reinsurance recoverable and the reestablishment of deferred acquisition costs. The Companys assets and liabilities increased by $1.33 billion and $0.19 billion, respectively. Since the Partial Commutation Agreement occurred between entities under common control, the excess of assets received and liabilities assumed was recorded as a capital contribution through additional paid-in capital.
Additionally, Lincoln Benefit and ALIC entered into an Amended and Restated Reinsurance Agreement where ALIC continues to reinsure all life insurance business written by Lincoln Benefit through the Allstate Financial Sales channel, all immediate annuities written by Lincoln Benefit prior to closing of the Acquisition, and certain term life policies written by Lincoln Benefit. Lincoln Benefits variable annuity business will remain reinsured by ALIC under an existing reinsurance agreement between Lincoln Benefit and ALIC. This business will continue to be administered by ALIC under an existing administrative services agreement between Lincoln Benefit and ALIC.
As part of the Acquisition, ALIC has agreed to indemnify the Company for certain liabilities related to the pre-closing activities of the transferred business.
21
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. The following table summarizes the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of April 1, 2014:
($ in thousands) |
||||
Assets |
||||
Fixed maturities |
$ | 9,194,903 | ||
Commercial mortgage loans |
1,263,902 | |||
Policy loans |
196,451 | |||
Short-term investments |
979,728 | |||
Other invested assets |
1,104 | |||
Cash |
40,529 | |||
Accrued investment income |
103,246 | |||
Reinsurance recoverable |
5,606,879 | |||
Value of business acquired |
290,795 | |||
Deposit receivable |
1,550,351 | |||
Intangibles |
5,200 | |||
Other assets |
554,176 | |||
Separate account assets |
1,661,007 | |||
|
|
|||
Total assets acquired |
21,448,271 | |||
|
|
|||
Liabilities |
||||
Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities |
6,682,833 | |||
Policyholders account balances |
10,367,246 | |||
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
78,026 | |||
Modified coinsurance payable |
1,550,351 | |||
Other long-term debt affiliate |
513,000 | |||
Separate account liabilities |
1,661,007 | |||
|
|
|||
Total liabilities assumed |
20,852,463 | |||
|
|
|||
Net assets acquired |
$ | 595,808 | ||
|
|
Included in the assets acquired is the value of business acquired (VOBA), which reflects the estimated fair value of in-force contracts acquired and represents the portion of the purchase price that is allocated to the future profits embedded in the acquired contracts at the acquisition date. See Note 11 for further explanation of VOBA. The assessment of fair value in accordance with ASC 805-20-25 included the establishment of intangible assets for VOBA and various state licenses.
Basis of Presentation
The Companys financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP). The financial statements are presented for Successor and Predecessor periods, which relate to the accounting periods after and before April 1, 2014, respectively, the date of the closing of the Acquisition. For periods after April 1, 2014, the accompanying financial statements comprise the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary. Due to the Acquisition and the application of push-down accounting, different bases of accounting have been used to prepare the Predecessor and Successor financial statements. A black line separates the Predecessor and Successor financial statements to highlight the lack of comparability between these two periods. The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below and in Note 2.
22
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Successor include the accounts of Lincoln Benefit and its subsidiary, Lancaster Re. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2. | Significant Accounting Policies |
Cash
Cash includes cash on hand, amounts due from banks, money market securities, highly liquid overnight deposits, discount notes and commercial paper held in the ordinary course of business and other debt instruments with maturities of three months or less when purchased.
Investments
Fixed maturities include bonds, asset-backed securities (ABS) residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS). Fixed maturities, which may be sold prior to their contractual maturity, are designated as available-for-sale (AFS) and are carried at fair value. The difference between amortized cost and fair value, net of deferred income taxes, is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Cash received from calls, principal payments and make-whole payments and cash received from maturities and pay-downs are reflected as a component of proceeds from sales and maturities within the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Successor and Statement of Cash Flows Predecessor.
The Company recognizes other-than-temporary impairments (OTTI) for securities classified as AFS in accordance with ASC 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities. At least quarterly, management reviews impaired securities for OTTI. The Company considers several factors when determining if a security is OTTI, including but not limited to: its intent and ability to hold the impaired security until an anticipated recovery in value, the issuers ability to meet current and future principal and interest obligations for fixed maturity securities, the length and severity of the impairment, the financial condition and near term and long term prospects for the issuer. In making these evaluations, the Company exercises considerable judgment.
If the Company intends to sell or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell an impaired security prior to recovery of its cost basis, then the Company recognizes a charge to earnings for the full amount of the impairment (the difference between the amortized cost and fair value of the security). For fixed maturity securities that are considered OTTI and that the Company does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell, the Company separates the impairment into two components: credit loss and noncredit loss. Credit losses are charged to net realized investment losses and noncredit losses are charged to other comprehensive income. The credit loss component is the difference between the securitys amortized cost and the present value of its expected future cash flows discounted at the current effective rate. The remaining difference between the securitys fair value and the present value of its expected future cash flows is the noncredit loss. For corporate bonds, historical default (by rating) data is used as a proxy for the probability of default, and loss given default (by issuer) projections are applied to the par amount of the bond. Potential losses incurred on structured securities
23
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
are based on expected loss models rather than incurred loss models. Expected cash flows include assumptions about key systematic risks (e.g., unemployment rates, housing prices) and loan-specific information (e.g., delinquency rates, loan-to-value ratios). Estimating future cash flows is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third parties, along with assumptions and judgments about the future performance of the underlying collateral.
Commercial mortgage loans (CMLs) acquired at fair value are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. CMLs held by the Company are diversified by property type and geographic area throughout the U.S. CMLs are considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect amounts due according to the terms of the original loan agreement. The Company assesses the impairment of loans individually for all loans in the portfolio. The Company estimates the fair value of the underlying collateral using internal valuations generally based on discounted cash flow analyses. The Company estimates an allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) representing potential credit losses embedded in the CML portfolio. The estimate is based on a consistently applied analysis of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration all available information, including industry, geographical, economic and political factors.
Policy loans represent loans the Company issues to policyholders. Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances. Interest income on such loans is recognized as earned using the contractually agreed upon interest rate and reflected in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). Generally, interest is capitalized on the associated policys anniversary date.
Short-term investments include securities and other investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than three months, at the time of purchase and are stated at estimated fair value or amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Derivatives
As part of the Companys overall risk management policy, the Company uses listed options and exchange traded futures to economically hedge its obligation under certain fixed indexed annuity and universal life contracts. Derivative financial instruments utilized by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2015 and in the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 (the Successor Period) included index option contracts and futures contracts. Derivatives are carried in the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheet either as assets within Other invested assets or as liabilities within Accrued expenses and other liabilities at estimated fair value. The Company offsets the fair value amounts recognized for derivatives executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting agreement. Accruals on derivatives are generally recorded in accrued investment income or within other liabilities. However, accruals that are not scheduled to settle within one year are included with the derivatives carrying value in other invested assets or other liabilities. If a derivative is not designated as an accounting hedge or its use in managing risk does not qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative are reported in realized investment gains, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The notional amounts specified in the contracts are used to calculate contractual payments under the agreements and are generally not representative of the potential for gain or loss on these contracts. Futures contracts are defined as commitments to buy or sell designated financial instruments based on specified prices, yields or indexes. Futures contracts provide returns at specified or optional dates based upon a specified index or interest rate applied to a notional amount. The Company uses futures to hedge exposures in indexed annuity and life contracts. Daily cash settlement of variation margins is required for futures contracts and is based on the changes in daily prices. The final settlement of futures contracts is in cash. Index option contracts provide returns at specified or optional dates based on a specified equity index applied to the options notional amount. The Company purchases and writes (sells) option contracts primarily to
24
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
reduce market risk associated with certain annuity and life contracts. When the Company purchases/sells option contracts at specific prices, it is required to pay/receive a premium to/from the counterparties. The amount of premium paid/received is based on the number of contracts purchased/sold, the specified price and the maturity date of the contract. The Company receives/pays cash equal to the premium of written/purchased options when the contract is established. If the option is exercised, the Company receives/pays cash equal to the product of the number of contracts and the specified price in the contract in exchange for the equity upon which the option is written/purchased. If the options are not exercised, then no additional cash is exchanged when the contract expires. Premiums paid are reported as a derivative asset and premiums received are reported as a derivative liability. Purchased put and call index option contracts are cash settled upon exercise and the gain or loss on the settlement is reported in net investment income. If the purchased option contract expires without being exercised, the premiums paid are reported as net investment income and the corresponding asset previously recorded is reversed. The change in the fair value of written option contracts is reported in Realized investment gains, net, with an adjustment to a corresponding liability. Written call index option contracts are cash settled upon exercise and the gain or loss on settlement is reported in Realized investment gains, net.
The Company has derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are required to be separated from the host contracts and accounted for at fair value. The Companys embedded derivatives are equity options in life and annuity product contracts, which provide equity returns to contractholders, guaranteed minimum accumulation and withdrawal benefits in variable annuity contracts. The Company has reinsurance agreements to transfer all the risk related to guarantee minimum income, accumulation and withdrawal benefits in variable annuity contracts to third party reinsurers. None of these derivatives are designated as accounting hedging instruments and all are gross liabilities reported in policyholder account balances or future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities.
Investment Income and Realized Gains and Losses
Investment income primarily consists of interest and is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective yield method. Interest income for RMBS and CMBS is determined considering estimated pay-downs, including prepayments, obtained from third party data sources and internal estimates. Actual prepayment experience is periodically reviewed and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between the prepayments originally anticipated and the actual prepayments received. For RMBS and CMBS of high credit quality with fixed interest rates, the effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis. For all others, the effective yield is recalculated on a prospective basis. Accrual of income is suspended for other-than-temporarily impaired fixed maturities when the timing and amount of cash flows expected to be received is not reasonably estimable. It is the Companys policy to cease to carry accrued interest on commercial mortgage loans that are over 90 days delinquent. The Company held no non-income producing investments as of December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
Realized investment gains and losses net include gains and losses on investment sales and write-downs in value due to other-than-temporary declines in fair value. Realized capital gains and losses on investment sales, including principal payments, are determined on a specific identification basis.
Recognition of Premium Revenues and Fees, and Related Policyholders Benefits and Interest Credited
Prior to April 1, 2014 or the periods prior to April 1, 2014 (the Predecessor Periods), the Company had reinsurance agreements whereby all premiums, fee income from policyholders and returns credited to policyholders, policyholder benefits and substantially all expenses were ceded to ALIC and other reinsurers. Amounts reflected in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) are presented net of reinsurance.
25
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Traditional life insurance products consist principally of products with fixed and guaranteed premiums and benefits, primarily term and whole life insurance products. Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. Surrender values on traditional life and death benefits are reflected in policyholder benefits.
Immediate annuities with life contingencies provide insurance protection over a period that extends beyond the period during which premiums are collected. Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when received at the inception of the contract. Benefits and expenses are recognized in relation to premiums. As of April 1, 2014, the Company has reinsurance agreements to transfer all the risk related to immediate annuities existing as of or prior to the Acquisition Date.
Interest-sensitive life contracts, such as universal life and single premium life, are insurance contracts whose terms are not fixed and guaranteed. The terms that may be changed include premiums paid by the policyholder, interest credited to the policyholder account balance and contract charges assessed against the policyholder account balance. Premiums from these contracts are reported as policyholder account balances. Fee income from policyholders consist of fees assessed against the policyholder account balance for the cost of insurance (mortality risk), contract administration and surrender of the policy prior to contractually specified dates. These charges are recognized as revenue when assessed against the policyholder account balance. Policyholder benefits include life-contingent benefit payments in excess of the policyholder account balance.
Contracts that do not subject the Company to significant risk arising from mortality or morbidity are referred to as investment contracts. Fixed annuities, including market value adjusted annuities, equity-indexed annuities and immediate annuities without life contingencies, are considered investment contracts. Consideration received for such contracts is reported as policyholder account balance deposits. Policy fees for investment contracts consist of fees assessed against the contractholder account balance for maintenance, administration and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates, and are recognized when assessed against the policyholder account balance.
Return credited to policyholder funds represents interest accrued or paid on interest-sensitive life and investment contracts. Crediting rates for certain fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life contracts are adjusted periodically by the Company to reflect current market conditions subject to contractually guaranteed minimum rates. Crediting rates for indexed life and annuities are generally based on an equity index, such as the Standard & Poors (S&P) 500 Index.
Policy charges for variable life and variable annuity products consist of fees assessed against the policyholder account balances for contract maintenance, administration, mortality, expense and surrender of the contract prior to contractually specified dates. Policy benefits incurred for variable life and variable annuity products include guaranteed minimum death, income, withdrawal and accumulation benefits.
The Company incurs costs in connection with renewal insurance business. All acquisition-related costs, including commissions, as well as all indirect costs, are expensed as incurred and reported in Other expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014.
Reinsurance
Reinsurance accounting is applied for ceded and assumed transactions when the risk transfer provisions of ASC 944-40, Accounting and Reporting for Reinsurance of Short-Duration and Long-Duration Contracts, have
26
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
been met. To meet risk transfer requirements, a long-duration reinsurance contract must transfer mortality or morbidity risks, and subject the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss. Those contracts that do not meet risk transfer requirements are accounted for using deposit accounting. For short duration contracts, to meet risk transfer requirements the reinsurer must assume significant insurance risk and have a reasonable possibility of experiencing significant loss.
With respect to ceded reinsurance, the Company values reinsurance recoverables on reported claims at the time the underlying claim is recognized in accordance with contract terms. For future policy benefits, the Company estimates the amount of reinsurance recoverables based on the terms of the reinsurance contracts and historical reinsurance recovery information. The reinsurance recoverables are based on what the Company believes are reasonable estimates and the balance is reported as an asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Successor). However, the ultimate amount of the reinsurance recoverable is not known until all claims are settled. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company from its obligations to policyholders, and failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company; consequently, allowances are established for amounts deemed uncollectible.
In the Predecessor periods, or the periods prior to April 1, 2014, the Company had reinsurance agreements whereby all insurance risks represented by premiums, fee income from policyholders, returns credited to policyholder account balances, policyholder benefits and substantially all expenses were ceded to ALIC and other reinsurers. Additionally, investment income earned on the assets that supported policyholder account balances and future policy benefits and other policyholder funds were not included in the Companys financial statements, as those assets were owned and managed by ALIC and other reinsurers under the terms of the reinsurance agreements.
Value of Business Acquired (VOBA)
For interest-sensitive life products, VOBA is amortized over the life of the policies in relation to the emergence of estimated gross profits (EGPs) from margins on mortality, interest, expenses, and surrenders, all of which are net of reinsurance and include actual realized gains and losses on investments. For non-interest sensitive life products, such as term life insurance, VOBA is amortized in relation to premium. VOBA is reviewed periodically for loss recognition to ensure that the unamortized balance is recoverable from future earnings from the business. The carrying amount of VOBA is adjusted for the effects of realized and unrealized gains and losses on debt securities classified as AFS.
Separate Accounts
Separate accounts assets are carried at fair value. The assets of the separate accounts are legally segregated and available only to settle separate account contract obligations. Separate accounts liabilities represent the contractholders claims to the related assets and are carried at an amount equal to the separate accounts assets. Investment income and realized capital gains and losses of the separate accounts accrue directly to the contractholders, and therefore are not included in the Companys Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Successor) or Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Predecessor). Deposits to and surrenders and withdrawals from the separate accounts are reflected in separate accounts liabilities and are not included in cash flows.
Absent any contract provision wherein the Company provides a guarantee, variable annuity and variable life insurance contractholders bear the investment risk that the separate accounts funds may not meet their stated investment objectives.
27
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Future Policy Benefits and Other Policyholder Liabilities
Policy liabilities are established for future policy benefits on certain annuity, life, and long term care policies. Such liabilities are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in-force. Changes in policy and contract claims are recorded in policyholder benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
For ASC 944-20 products, benefit reserves are computed using the net level premium method for individual life, annuity and long-term care policies, and are based upon estimates as to future investment yield, mortality and lapse that include provisions for adverse deviation that were prevalent at the time the reserve was initially established. Mortality, morbidity and lapse assumptions for all policies are based on the Companys own experience and industry standards.
Liabilities for outstanding claims and claims adjustment expenses are estimates of payments to be made on life and health insurance contracts for reported claims and claims adjustment expenses. A liability is also held for claims adjustment expenses incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. These liabilities are determined using case basis evaluations and statistical analyses and represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not paid. These estimates are continually reviewed and adjusted as necessary. Such adjustments are reflected in current operations.
Future policy benefit reserves for fixed indexed annuity policies with returns linked to the performance of a specified market index are equal to the excess of the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivative and the host (or guaranteed) component over the policyholder account balance. The change in the fair value of the embedded derivative is linked to the performance of the equity option. The host value is established as of the date of acquisition and is equal to the account value, plus the value of the unexpired options at the date of acquisition, less the embedded derivative, and accreted over the policys life at a constant rate of interest.
The Company holds additional liabilities for its no lapse guarantees (associated with universal life) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (associated with fixed indexed annuities). These are accounted for in accordance with ASC 944-20, Financial Services Insurance Activities.
Policy liabilities and accruals are based on the various estimates discussed above. Although the adequacy of these amounts cannot be assured, the Company believes that policy liabilities and accruals will be sufficient to meet future obligations of policies in-force. The amount of liabilities and accruals, however, could be revised if the estimates discussed above are revised.
Policyholders Account Balances
Policyholder account balances represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life insurance and fixed annuities. Policyholder funds primarily comprise cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.
Future policy benefits reserves for the portion of fixed indexed annuities earning a fixed rate of interest, and other deferred annuity products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policyholders account balances before applicable surrender charges. The prior year amount of $1.9 billion has been reclassified from Future Policy Benefits and Other Policyholder Liabilities to Policyholders Account Balances to conform with the current year presentation.
The Company holds additional liabilities for guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB) associated with variable annuities, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 944-20, Financial Services Insurance Activities. The reserves for certain living benefit features, including guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits
28
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(GMAB) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) are accounted for as embedded derivatives, with fair values calculated as the present value of expected future benefit payments to contractholders less the present value of assessed rider fees attributable to the embedded derivative feature. This methodology could result in either a liability or contra-liability balance, given changing capital market conditions and various actuarial assumptions. The Companys GMIB, GMAB and GMWB reserves are ceded to external reinsurers. For additional information regarding the valuation of these optional living benefit features, see Note 10.
Income Taxes Successor
Income taxes are provided for using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The realizability of deferred tax assets is assessed at each reporting date and a deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets will be realized. Tax positions are assessed under a two-step approach, which requires the assessment of recognition and measurement. The Company reports interest expense related to income tax matters and tax penalties in other operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Income Taxes Predecessor
The income tax provision is calculated under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates. The principal assets and liabilities giving rise to such differences are unrealized capital gains and losses, accrued expenses and reinsurance recoverables. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is established when there is uncertainty that such assets will be realized.
Other Long-Term Debt
Effective April 1, 2014, and with Nebraska Department of Insurance (the NE DOI or the Department of Insurance) approval, Lancaster Re issued a variable funding Surplus Note (the Surplus Note) to its affiliate, Lanis, LLC. for $513 million and acquired from Lanis a Vehicle Note (the Vehicle Note) for $513 million. The Vehicle Note is held to support a portion of Lancaster Res reinsurance obligations and has been authorized as an acceptable form of reinsurance collateral pursuant to Nebraska Rev. Stat. §44-8216(8)(c)(i) which allows a special purpose financial captive insurer to establish any method of security that the Department deems acceptable. The scheduled maturity date of the Vehicle Note is April 1, 2034, and the scheduled maturity date of the Surplus Note is April 1, 2039, although each may be cancelled earlier or extended under certain conditions. The Surplus Note does not repay principal prior to maturity and principal payment at maturity is subject to the prior approval of the Department of Insurance. With pre-approval, the Surplus Note is increased each quarter with a corresponding increase in the Vehicle Note. With Department pre-approval, interest on the Surplus Note for the prior quarter is paid on the first day of each subsequent quarter at a rate consistent with the rate received on the Vehicle Note of 4%. The Surplus Note and Vehicle Note increased by $57.1 million and $38.6 million in the Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively. Interest expense of $22.9 million and $15.7 million was recognized in the Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively. The Surplus Note is unsecured and subordinated to all present and future indebtedness, policy claims and other creditor claims of Lancaster Re.
Other Assets and Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Other assets consist primarily of premiums due, intangible assets, the Vehicle Note and receivables resulting from sales of securities that had not yet settled at the balance sheet date. Other liabilities consist primarily of accrued expenses, technical overdrafts, derivatives, and payables resulting from purchases of securities that had not yet been settled at the balance sheet date.
29
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year financial statement presentation.
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued guidance requiring expanded disclosures about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The guidance requires the presentation of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by income statement line item, but only if the amount reclassified is required under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts is required. The Company adopted the new guidance in 2013. The new guidance affects disclosures only and therefore had no impact on the Companys results of operations or financial position.
Effective November 18, 2014, the Company adopted new guidance on when, if ever, the cost of acquiring an entity should be used to establish a new accounting basis (pushdown) in the acquired entitys separate financial statements. The guidance provides an acquired entity and its subsidiaries with an irrevocable option to apply pushdown accounting in its separate financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. If a reporting entity elects to apply pushdown accounting, its stand-alone financial statements would reflect the acquirers new basis in the acquired entitys assets and liabilities. The election to apply pushdown accounting should be determined by an acquired entity for each individual change-in-control event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity; however, an entity that does not elect to apply pushdown accounting in the period of a change-in-control can later elect to retrospectively apply pushdown accounting to the most recent change-in-control transaction as a change in accounting principle. The Company has applied pushdown accounting as a result of the Acquisition in the Successor Period, as disclosed in Note 1.
In January 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance for troubled debt restructurings clarifying when an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and when a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan. The new guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. This guidance can be elected for prospective adoption or by using a modified retrospective transition method. The adoption of this new guidance in 2015 did not have a material impact on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In May 2014, the FASB issued a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those years and should be applied retrospectively. In August 2015, the FASB amended the guidance to defer the effective date by one year, effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The new guidance will supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP; however, it will not impact the accounting for insurance contracts, leases, financial instruments and guarantees. For those contracts that are impacted by the new guidance, the guidance will require an entity to recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled, in exchange for those goods or services. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations and financial statement disclosures.
30
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
In August 2014, the FASB issued guidance requiring that mortgage loans be derecognized and that a separate other receivable be recognized upon foreclosure if certain conditions are met. Upon foreclosure, the separate other receivable should be measured based on the amount of the loan balance (principal and interest) expected to be recovered from the guarantor. The new guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In February 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance regarding consolidation. The pronouncement eliminates specialized guidance for limited partnerships and similar legal entities, and removes the indefinite deferral for certain investment funds. The new guidance is effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. This guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In May 2015, the FASB issued new guidance on short-duration insurance contracts. The amendments in this new guidance are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The new guidance should be applied retrospectively by providing comparative disclosures for each period presented, except for those requirements that apply only to the current period. The new guidance requires insurance entities to provide users of financial statements with more transparent information about initial claim estimates and subsequent adjustments to these estimates, including information on: (i) reconciling from the claim development table to the balance sheet liability; (ii) methodologies and judgments in estimating claims; and (iii) the timing, and frequency of claims. This guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In May 2015, the FASB issued new guidance on fair value measurement effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years and which should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments remove the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. In addition, the amendments remove the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at fair value using the NAV per share practical expedient. This guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In April 2015, the FASB issued new guidance on accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the new guidance is permitted and an entity can elect to adopt the guidance either: (1) prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after the effective date; or (2) retrospectively. The new guidance provides that all software licenses included in cloud computing arrangements be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets. However, if a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the arrangement should be accounted for as a service contract, the accounting for which did not change. This guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on the recognition and measurement of financial instruments. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for the instrument-specific credit risk provision. The new guidance changes the current accounting guidance related to: (i) the classification and measurement of certain equity investments; (ii) the presentation of changes in the fair value of financial liabilities measured under
31
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
the fair value option that are due to instrument-specific credit risk; and (iii) certain disclosures associated with the fair value of financial instruments. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the guidance on the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations and financial statement disclosures.
3. | Investments |
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value for fixed maturities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
December 31, 2015 Successor ($ in thousands) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 163,096 | $ | 5,563 | $ | (81 | ) | $ | 168,578 | |||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
712,948 | 14,827 | (7,018 | ) | 720,757 | |||||||||||
Foreign government |
72,042 | 202 | (10,601 | ) | 61,643 | |||||||||||
Corporate securities |
6,060,561 | 31,263 | (353,149 | ) | 5,738,675 | |||||||||||
ABS |
542,503 | 2,517 | (8,229 | ) | 536,791 | |||||||||||
CMBS |
513,316 | 627 | (7,244 | ) | 506,699 | |||||||||||
RMBS |
209,728 | 4,600 | (1,529 | ) | 212,799 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 8,274,194 | $ | 59,599 | $ | (387,851 | ) | $ | 7,945,942 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
December 31, 2014 Successor ($ in thousands) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 287,077 | $ | 20,933 | $ | (58 | ) | $ | 307,952 | |||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
517,378 | 26,888 | (531 | ) | 543,735 | |||||||||||
Foreign government |
250,008 | 5,637 | (437 | ) | 255,208 | |||||||||||
Corporate securities |
7,279,391 | 132,481 | (34,127 | ) | 7,377,745 | |||||||||||
ABS |
378,906 | 6,145 | (2,408 | ) | 382,643 | |||||||||||
CMBS |
331,041 | 3,507 | (1,065 | ) | 333,483 | |||||||||||
RMBS |
188,055 | 2,849 | (1,023 | ) | 189,881 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 9,231,856 | $ | 198,440 | $ | (39,649 | ) | $ | 9,390,647 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scheduled Maturities Successor
The scheduled maturities for fixed maturities are as follows as of December 31, 2015:
($ in thousands) |
Amortized Cost |
Fair Value | ||||||
Due in one year or less |
$ | 190,261 | $ | 189,547 | ||||
Due after one year through five years |
1,461,237 | 1,459,059 | ||||||
Due after five years through ten years |
2,148,851 | 2,092,046 | ||||||
Due after ten years |
3,208,298 | 2,949,002 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total before asset and mortgage-backed securities |
7,008,647 | 6,689,654 | ||||||
Asset and mortgage-backed securities |
1,265,547 | 1,256,288 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 8,274,194 | $ | 7,945,942 | ||||
|
|
|
|
32
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of calls and make-whole payments by the issuers. Asset and mortgage-backed securities are shown separately because of the potential for prepayment of principal prior to contractual maturity dates.
Commercial Mortgage Loans Successor
The Company diversifies its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographical region to reduce concentration risk. The following table presents the Companys commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographical region as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
($ in thousands) |
December 31, 2015 |
December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Alabama |
$ | 1,508 | $ | 1,720 | ||||
Arizona |
34,911 | 35,481 | ||||||
California |
336,310 | 255,563 | ||||||
Colorado |
57,207 | 22,381 | ||||||
Connecticut |
25,374 | | ||||||
Florida |
86,698 | 20,779 | ||||||
Georgia |
67,213 | 27,502 | ||||||
Hawaii |
7,134 | 8,125 | ||||||
Illinois |
92,813 | 53,174 | ||||||
Iowa |
1,266 | 1,490 | ||||||
Kansas |
9,200 | | ||||||
Kentucky |
7,696 | 8,260 | ||||||
Maine |
3,905 | 4,114 | ||||||
Maryland |
33,844 | 35,536 | ||||||
Massachusetts |
90,897 | 92,963 | ||||||
Minnesota |
148,346 | 52,496 | ||||||
Missouri |
| 9,324 | ||||||
Nevada |
14,262 | 14,705 | ||||||
New Jersey |
68,720 | 84,007 | ||||||
New York |
94,985 | 72,625 | ||||||
North Carolina |
58,078 | 31,111 | ||||||
Ohio |
36,954 | 38,400 | ||||||
Oklahoma |
10,803 | 10,835 | ||||||
Pennsylvania |
41,975 | 37,688 | ||||||
South Carolina |
2,532 | 3,130 | ||||||
Tennessee |
5,278 | 5,719 | ||||||
Texas |
107,279 | 103,778 | ||||||
Utah |
44,366 | 45,914 | ||||||
Virginia |
2,353 | 18,572 | ||||||
Washington |
11,550 | 13,138 | ||||||
Wisconsin |
5,675 | 6,637 | ||||||
General allowance for loan loss |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total commercial mortgage loans |
$ | 1,509,132 | $ | 1,115,167 | ||||
|
|
|
|
33
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Credit Quality of Commercial Mortgage Loans
The credit quality of commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment were as follows at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Recorded Investment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratios | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2015
($ in thousands) |
> 1.20x | 1.00x - 1.20x | < 1.00x | Total | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value |
% of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan-to-value ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 65% |
$ | 869,470 | $ | 85,869 | $ | 19,862 | $ | 975,201 | 64.6 | % | $ | 1,000,948 | 65.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
65% to 75% |
508,557 | 25,374 | | 533,931 | 35.4 | 535,690 | 34.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
76% to 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,378,027 | $ | 111,243 | $ | 19,862 | $ | 1,509,132 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,536,638 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Recorded Investment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratios | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands) |
> 1.20x | 1.00x - 1.20x | < 1.00x | Total | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value |
% of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | (In thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan-to-value ratios: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 65% |
$ | 930,592 | $ | 151,700 | $ | 29,460 | $ | 1,111,752 | 97.6 | % | $ | 1,146,030 | 97.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
65% to 75% |
16,591 | 10,537 | | 27,128 | 2.4 | 28,275 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||
76% to 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 947,183 | $ | 162,237 | $ | 29,460 | $ | 1,138,880 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,174,305 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had no allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $1,509 million and $1,139 million, respectively, of commercial mortgage loans were in current status with no commercial mortgage or other loans classified as past due. The Company defines current in its aging of past due commercial mortgage and other loans as less than 30 days past due.
Impaired loans include those loans for which it is probable that all amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company held no impaired commercial mortgage loans.
The Companys commercial mortgage may occasionally be involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had no commitments to fund to borrowers that have been involved in a troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had no new troubled debt restructurings related to commercial mortgage and no payment defaults on commercial mortgages.
34
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Other Invested Assets Successor
The following table sets forth the composition of Other invested assets as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Amortized Cost
Successor | Successor | |||||||
($ in thousands) |
December 31, 2015 |
December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Low income housing tax credit properties |
$ | 677 | $ | 896 | ||||
Derivatives |
17,735 | 26,001 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
$ | 18,412 | $ | 26,897 | |||||
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income
Net investment income for Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 and Predecessor Periods for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and year ended December 31, 2013 were as follows:
Successor | Predecessor | |||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
$ | 334,931 | $ | 231,972 | $ | 2,461 | $ | 11,545 | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
63,028 | 49,417 | | | ||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
511 | 4,786 | 16 | 23 | ||||||||||||
Other investment (loss) income |
9,543 | 7,353 | | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Gross investment income |
408,013 | 293,528 | 2,477 | 11,568 | ||||||||||||
Investment expenses |
9,082 | 4,957 | 127 | 633 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net investment income |
$ | 398,931 | $ | 288,571 | $ | 2,350 | $ | 10,935 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Realized Investment Gains and Losses
Realized investment gains and losses for Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 and Predecessor Periods for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and year ended December 31, 2013 were as follows:
Successor | Predecessor | |||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||
Realized investment gains, net |
||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
$ | 120,421 | $ | 25,795 | $ | 285 | $ | | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
2,325 | 2,880 | | | ||||||||||||
Derivatives |
(9,208 | ) | 17,417 | | | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net realized gains |
$ | 113,538 | $ | 46,092 | $ | 285 | $ | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses recorded in the Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014.
There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses recorded in the Predecessor Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014. Realized capital gains and losses in the Predecessor year ended December 31, 2013 included $2 thousand of other-than-temporary impairment losses related to RMBS, none of which were included in other comprehensive income. No other-than-temporary impairment losses were included in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2015 or as of December 31, 2014.
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturities and gross realized investment gains and losses for Successor Periods for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 and Predecessor Periods for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and year ended December 31, 2013 were as follows:
Successor | Predecessor | |||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale |
||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from sales |
$ | 3,864,356 | $ | 1,429,177 | $ | 5,277 | $ | 9,170 | ||||||||
Gross investment gains from sales |
147,287 | 30,403 | 317 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Gross investment losses from sales |
(26,829 | ) | (4,608 | ) | (32 | ) | (1 | ) |
Proceeds from sales excludes taxable exchanges of $72.4 million and $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively.
36
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses Successor
The following table summarizes the gross unrealized losses and fair value of fixed maturities by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Less than 12 months | Greater than 12 months | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2015
($ in thousands) |
Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 18,639 | $ | (77 | ) | $ | 98 | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 18,737 | $ | (81 | ) | |||||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
207,889 | (6,983 | ) | 4,030 | (35 | ) | 211,919 | (7,018 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Foreign government |
41,507 | (8,665 | ) | 5,965 | (1,936 | ) | 47,472 | (10,601 | ) | |||||||||||||||
All other corporate securities |
3,523,371 | (293,131 | ) | 209,474 | (60,018 | ) | 3,732,845 | (353,149 | ) | |||||||||||||||
ABS |
397,884 | (7,031 | ) | 15,040 | (1,198 | ) | 412,924 | (8,229 | ) | |||||||||||||||
CMBS |
437,244 | (7,164 | ) | 8,419 | (80 | ) | 445,663 | (7,244 | ) | |||||||||||||||
RMBS |
65,470 | (776 | ) | 29,659 | (753 | ) | 95,129 | (1,529 | ) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities |
$ | 4,692,004 | $ | (323,827 | ) | $ | 272,685 | $ | (64,024 | ) | $ | 4,964,689 | $ | (387,851 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Less than 12 months | Greater than 12 months | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands) |
Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 14,160 | $ | (58 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 14,160 | $ | (58 | ) | ||||||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
57,605 | (531 | ) | | | 57,605 | (531 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign government |
37,543 | (437 | ) | | | 37,543 | (437 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
All other corporate securities |
1,683,186 | (34,127 | ) | | | 1,683,186 | (34,127 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
ABS |
115,568 | (2,408 | ) | | | 115,568 | (2,408 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
CMBS |
135,203 | (1,065 | ) | | | 135,203 | (1,065 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
RMBS |
92,804 | (1,023 | ) | | | 92,804 | (1,023 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Total fixed income securities |
$ | 2,136,069 | $ | (39,649 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 2,136,069 | $ | (39,649 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio Monitoring
The Company has a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed maturity security whose carrying value may be other-than-temporarily impaired.
For each fixed maturity security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes. If a security meets either of these criteria, the securitys decline in fair value is considered other-than-temporary and is recorded in earnings.
37
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
If the Company has not made the decision to sell the fixed maturity security and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it expects to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. The Company calculates the estimated recovery value by discounting the best estimate of future cash flows at the securitys original or current effective rate, as appropriate, and compares this to the amortized cost of the security. If the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed maturity security, the credit loss component of the impairment is recorded in earnings, with the remaining amount of the unrealized loss related to other factors recognized in other comprehensive income.
The Companys portfolio monitoring process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost is below established thresholds. The process also includes the monitoring of other impairment indicators such as ratings, ratings downgrades and payment defaults. The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which the Company may have a concern, are evaluated for potential other-than-temporary impairment using all reasonably available information relevant to the collectability or recovery of the security. Inherent in the Companys evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment for these fixed maturity securities are assumptions and estimates about the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer. Some of the factors that may be considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary are: 1) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry specific market conditions and trends, geographic location and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; 2) the specific reasons that a security is in an unrealized loss position, including overall market conditions which could affect liquidity; and 3) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost.
38
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Net Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses in AOCI
($ in thousands)
Predecessor |
Net Unrealized Gain (Losses) on Investments |
VOBA | Future Policy Benefits and Policyholders Account Balances |
Deferred Income Tax (Liability) Benefit |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Related to Net Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) |
|||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2012 |
$ | 21,236 | $ | | $ | | $ | (7,433 | ) | $ | 13,803 | |||||||||
Net investment gains and losses on investments arising during the period |
(15,281 | ) | | | 5,349 | (9,932 | ) | |||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains and losses included in net income |
1 | | | | 1 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2013 |
$ | 5,954 | $ | | $ | | $ | (2,084 | ) | $ | 3,870 | |||||||||
Net investment gains and losses on investments arising during the period |
2,364 | | | (828 | ) | 1,536 | ||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains and losses included in net income |
285 | | | (100 | ) | 185 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance, March 31, 2014 |
$ | 8,033 | $ | | $ | | $ | (2,812 | ) | $ | 5,221 | |||||||||
Successor |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, April 1, 2014 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Net investment gains and losses on investments arising during the period |
159,261 | | | (55,675 | ) | 103,586 | ||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains and losses included in net income |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Impact of net unrealized investment gains and losses on VOBA |
| (20,287 | ) | | 7,100 | (13,187 | ) | |||||||||||||
Impact of net unrealized investment gains and losses on future policy benefits and policyholders account balances |
| | (7,541 | ) | 2,640 | (4,901 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2014 |
$ | 159,261 | $ | (20,287 | ) | $ | (7,541 | ) | $ | (45,935 | ) | $ | 85,498 | |||||||
Net investment gains and losses on investments arising during the period |
(408,019 | ) | | | 142,807 | (265,212 | ) | |||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains and losses included in net income |
79,023 | | | (27,658 | ) | 51,365 | ||||||||||||||
Impact of net unrealized investment gains and losses on VOBA |
| 57,061 | | (19,971 | ) | 37,090 | ||||||||||||||
Impact of net unrealized investment gains and losses on future policy benefits and policyholders account balances |
| | 60,447 | (21,157 | ) | 39,290 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2015 |
$ | (327,781 | ) | $ | 36,774 | $ | 52,906 | $ | 83,402 | $ | (154,699 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4. | Derivative Financial Instruments |
See Note 2 for a description of the Companys accounting policies for derivatives and Note 5 for information about the fair value hierarchy for derivatives.
The following table provides a summary of the notional and fair value positions of derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:
($ in thousands) |
Successor | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Fair Value | Gross Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Notional | Assets | Liabilities | Notional | Assets | Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity Options |
$ | 879,853 | $ | 28,588 | $ | (10,961 | ) | $ | 593,610 | $ | 68,776 | $ | (43,104 | ) | ||||||||||
Futures |
15,373 | 108 | | 20,195 | 329 | | ||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed annuity contracts(2) |
$ | 1,494,084 | $ | | $ | (64,138 | ) | $ | 1,734,264 | $ | | $ | (63,660 | ) | ||||||||||
Equity-indexed life contracts |
401,511 | | (11,701 | ) | 347,610 | | (18,720 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed accumulation benefits(1) |
95,752 | | (7,499 | ) | 120,714 | | (6,367 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed withdrawal benefits(1) |
13,264 | | (315 | ) | 17,102 | | (366 | ) |
(1) | As of April 1, 2014, these amounts were ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements |
(2) | Notional amount represents account value of equity indexed contracts |
The standardized ISDA Master Agreement under which the Companys derivative transactions are executed include provisions for payment netting. In the normal course of business activities, if there is more than one derivative transaction with a single counterparty, the Company will set-off the cash flows of those derivatives into a single amount to be exchanged in settlement of the resulting net payable or receivable with that counterparty. The Company nets the fair value of all derivative financial instruments with counterparties for which an ISDA Master Agreement and related Credit Support Annex (CSA) have been executed. At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company held $0.8 million and $6.4 million in cash and securities collateral delivered by trade counterparties. This cash collateral is reported in Cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The following table presents the amount and location of gains (losses) recognized in income, net of reinsurance, for derivatives that were not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments for the Successor Period for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
|||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
Realized Investment Gains (Losses) |
Policyholder Benefits |
Realized Investment Gains (Losses) |
Policyholder Benefits |
||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Equity Options |
$ | (7,557 | ) | $ | | $ | 15,230 | $ | | |||||||
Futures |
(1,651 | ) | | 2,187 | | |||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances |
||||||||||||||||
Equity-indexed annuity contracts |
$ | | $ | (478 | ) | $ | | $ | (5,622 | ) | ||||||
Equity-indexed life contracts |
| 956 | | 90 |
40
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the amount and location of gains (losses) recognized in income for derivatives that were not designated or qualifying as hedging instruments for the Predecessor Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013:
For the Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 |
|||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
Interest Credited(1) | Policyholder Benefits(1) |
Interest Credited(1) |
Policyholder Benefits(1) |
||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances |
||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | 16,427 | $ | 946 | $ | 36,890 | $ | 10,177 |
(1) | Prior to April 1, 2014, these amounts were ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements. |
5. | Fair Value |
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Assets and liabilities recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (Successor) at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1 |
Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access. | |
Level 2 | Assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following: | |
(a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; | ||
(b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or | ||
(c) Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. | ||
Level 3 |
Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Companys estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the assets and liabilities. |
The availability of observable inputs varies by instrument. In situations where fair value is based on internally developed pricing models or inputs that are unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In many instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption. In periods of market disruption, the ability to observe prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments.
The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. The Company gains assurance that assets and liabilities are appropriately valued through the execution of various processes and controls designed to ensure the overall reasonableness and consistent
41
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
application of valuation methodologies, including inputs and assumptions, and compliance with accounting standards. For fair values received from third parties or internally estimated, the Companys processes and controls are designed to ensure that the valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistently applied, the inputs and assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value, and the fair values are accurately recorded. For example, on a continuing basis, the Company assesses the reasonableness of individual fair values that have stale security prices or that exceed certain thresholds as compared to previous fair values received from valuation service providers or brokers or derived from internal models. The Company performs procedures to understand and assess the methodologies, processes and controls of valuation service providers. In addition, the Company may validate the reasonableness of fair values by comparing information obtained from valuation service providers or brokers to other third party valuation sources for selected securities. The Company performs ongoing price validation procedures such as back-testing of actual sales, which corroborate the various inputs used in internal models to market observable data. When fair value determinations are expected to be more variable, the Company validates them through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investment transactions.
Successor
There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. The following table summarizes the Companys assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
Description for Each Class of Asset or Liability ($ in thousands) |
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets at fair value |
||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
||||||||||||||||
U.S Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 10,621 | $ | 157,957 | $ | | $ | 168,578 | ||||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
| 720,757 | | 720,757 | ||||||||||||
Foreign government |
| 61,643 | | 61,643 | ||||||||||||
All Other Corporate Securities |
| 5,727,155 | 11,520 | 5,738,675 | ||||||||||||
ABS |
| 522,531 | 14,260 | 536,791 | ||||||||||||
CMBS |
| 506,699 | | 506,699 | ||||||||||||
RMBS |
| 212,799 | | 212,799 | ||||||||||||
Short term investments |
166,358 | 18,462 | | 184,820 | ||||||||||||
Other invested assets |
||||||||||||||||
Equity Options |
17,627 | | | 17,627 | ||||||||||||
Futures |
108 | | | 108 | ||||||||||||
Separate accounts assets |
1,395,141 | | | 1,395,141 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total assets at fair value |
$ | 1,589,855 | $ | 7,928,003 | $ | 25,780 | $ | 9,543,638 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Liabilities at fair value |
||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances |
||||||||||||||||
Equity indexed annuity contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | (64,138 | ) | $ | (64,138 | ) | ||||||
Equity indexed life contracts |
| (11,701 | ) | | (11,701 | ) | ||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits |
| | (7,499 | ) | (7,499 | ) | ||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits |
| | (315 | ) | (315 | ) | ||||||||||
Separate accounts liabilities |
(1,395,141 | ) | | | (1,395,141 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total liabilities at fair value |
$ | (1,395,141 | ) | $ | (11,701 | ) | $ | (71,952 | ) | $ | (1,478,794 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
Description for Each Class of Asset or Liability ($ in thousands) |
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||
Assets at fair value |
||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities |
||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 12,408 | $ | 295,544 | $ | | $ | 307,952 | ||||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
| 543,735 | | 543,735 | ||||||||||||
Foreign government |
| 255,208 | | 255,208 | ||||||||||||
All Other Corporate Securities |
| 7,370,409 | 7,336 | 7,377,745 | ||||||||||||
ABS |
| 377,393 | 5,250 | 382,643 | ||||||||||||
CMBS |
| 330,790 | 2,693 | 333,483 | ||||||||||||
RMBS |
| 189,881 | | 189,881 | ||||||||||||
Short term investments |
191,979 | 145,677 | 23,713 | 361,369 | ||||||||||||
Other invested assets |
||||||||||||||||
Equity Options |
25,672 | | | 25,672 | ||||||||||||
Futures |
329 | | | 329 | ||||||||||||
Separate accounts assets |
1,573,865 | | | 1,573,865 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total assets at fair value |
$ | 1,804,253 | $ | 9,508,637 | $ | 38,992 | $ | 11,351,882 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Liabilities at fair value |
||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances |
||||||||||||||||
Equity indexed annuity contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | (63,660 | ) | $ | (63,660 | ) | ||||||
Equity indexed life contracts |
| (18,720 | ) | | (18,720 | ) | ||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits |
| | (6,367 | ) | (6,367 | ) | ||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits |
| | (366 | ) | (366 | ) | ||||||||||
Separate accounts liabilities |
(1,573,865 | ) | | | (1,573,865 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total liabilities at fair value |
$ | (1,573,865 | ) | $ | (18,720 | ) | $ | (70,393 | ) | $ | (1,662,978 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014. In 2015, U.S. Treasury securities were transferred to Level 1 as those securities are traded in an active market. The prior year presentation has been updated to conform to the current year presentation.
Summary of significant valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Fixed Maturities
The fair values of the Companys public fixed maturity securities are generally based on prices obtained from independent pricing services. Prices for each security are generally sourced from multiple pricing vendors, and a vendor hierarchy is maintained by asset type based on historical pricing experience and vendor expertise. The Company ultimately uses the price from the pricing service highest in the vendor hierarchy based on the respective asset type. The pricing hierarchy is updated for new financial products and recent pricing experience with various vendors. Consistent with the fair value hierarchy described above, securities with validated quotes from pricing services are generally reflected within Level 2, as they are primarily based on observable pricing for similar assets and/or other market observable inputs. U.S. Treasury securities are included within Level 1 due to the market activity. Typical inputs used by these pricing services include but are not limited to, reported trades, benchmark
43
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
yields, issuer spreads, bids, offers, and/or estimated cash flow, prepayment speeds, and default rates. If the pricing information received from third party pricing services is deemed not reflective of market activity or other inputs observable in the market, the Company may challenge the price through a formal process with the pricing service or classify the securities as Level 3. If the pricing service updates the price to be more consistent with the presented market observations, the security remains within Level 2.
Indicative broker quotes are also used to determine fair value in circumstances where vendor pricing is not available, or where the Company ultimately concludes that pricing information received from independent pricing services is not reflective of market activity. If the Company concludes the values from both pricing services and brokers are not reflective of market activity, it may override the information with an internally-developed valuation. Pricing service overrides, internally-developed valuations and indicative broker quotes are generally included in Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
The fair value of private fixed maturities, which are comprised of investments in private placement securities are primarily determined using discounted cash flow models. These models primarily use observable inputs that include Treasury or similar base rates plus estimated credit spreads to value each security. The credit spreads are obtained through a survey of private market intermediaries who are active in both primary and secondary transactions, and consider, among other factors, the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer and the reduced liquidity associated with private placements. Since most private placements are valued using standard market observable inputs and inputs derived from, or corroborated by, market observable data including observed prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issues, they have been reflected within Level 2. For certain private fixed maturities, the discounted cash flow model may incorporate significant unobservable inputs, which reflect the Companys own assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset. To the extent management determines that such unobservable inputs are significant to the price of a security, a Level 3 classification is made. No private placement securities were classified as Level 3 as of December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
Short-term Investments
Short-term investments include money market instruments, highly liquid debt instruments and certain other investments. Certain money market instruments are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible for identical assets and are primarily classified as Level 1. The remaining instruments in this category are generally fair valued based on market observable inputs and these investments have primarily been classified within Level 2. Short-term investments classified within Level 3 primarily consist of commercial mortgage loans. The fair value of the commercial mortgage loans is based upon the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate plus an appropriate credit spread for similar quality loans.
Other Invested Assets
The estimated fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives.
Separate Account Assets and Liabilities
Separate account assets and liabilities consist principally of investments in mutual fund shares. The fair values are based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.
44
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Policyholders Account Balances
The liabilities for guarantees primarily associated with the optional living benefit features of certain variable annuity contracts and equity indexed annuity contracts are calculated as the present value of future expected benefit payments to contractholders less the present value of assessed rider fees attributable to the optional living benefit feature. This methodology could result in either a liability or contra-liability balance, given changing capital market conditions and various actuarial assumptions. Since there is no observable active market for the transfer of these obligations, the valuations are calculated using internally developed models with option pricing techniques. The models are based on a risk neutral valuation framework and incorporate premiums for risks inherent in valuation techniques, inputs, and the general uncertainty around the timing and amount of future cash flows. The determination of these risk premiums requires the use of management judgment.
The significant inputs to the valuation models for these embedded derivatives include capital market assumptions, such as interest rate levels and volatility assumptions, as well as actuarially determined assumptions, including contractholder behavior, such as lapse rates, benefit utilization rates, withdrawal rates, and mortality rates. Since many of these assumptions are unobservable and are considered to be significant inputs to the liability valuation, the liability included in future policy benefits has been reflected within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Actuarial assumptions, including contractholder behavior and mortality, are reviewed at least annually, and updated based upon emerging experience, future expectations and other data, including any observable market data. These assumptions are generally updated annually unless a material change that the Company feels is indicative of a long term trend is observed in an interim period.
Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following table summarizes quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements:
($ in thousands) |
Fair Value |
Valuation |
Unobservable |
Range | Weighted Average | |||||||
Equity indexed annuity contracts |
$ | (64,138 | ) | Option Pricing Technique | Projected Option Cost | 1.40% - 2.11% | 1.70% |
Excluded from the table above at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are approximately $26 million and $15 million, respectively, Level 3 fair value measurements of investments for which the underlying quantitative inputs are not developed by the Company and are not reasonably available. These investments primarily consist of certain public debt securities with limited trading activity, including asset-backed instruments, and their fair values generally reflect unadjusted prices obtained from independent valuation service providers and indicative, non-binding quotes obtained from third-party broker-dealers recognized as market participants. Significant increases or decreases in the fair value amounts received from these pricing sources may result in the Companys reporting significantly higher or lower fair value measurements for these Level 3 investments.
The table above also excludes underlying quantitative inputs related to liabilities held for the Companys guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits and guaranteed withdrawal benefits. These liabilities are not developed by the Company as they are 100% ceded to external reinsurers. The development of these liabilities generally involve actuarially determined models and could result in the Company reporting significantly higher or lower fair value measurements for these Level 3 investments.
45
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014:
($ in thousands) | Balance as of January 1, 2015 |
Net income (loss) |
OCI | Transfers to Level 3 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |
Purchases | Sales | Issues | Settlements | Balance, December 31, 2015 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All other corporate securities |
$ | 7,336 | $ | (282 | ) | $ | 30 | $ | 13,255 | $ | (2,386 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (6,433 | ) | $ | 11,520 | |||||||||||||||||
ABS |
5,250 | 134 | (2,338 | ) | 17,191 | | | (5,000 | ) | | (977 | ) | 14,260 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS |
2,693 | 23,506 | 314 | | | | (20,192 | ) | | (6,321 | ) | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term investments |
23,713 | 14 | | | | | | | (23,727 | ) | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity indexed annuity contracts |
(63,660 | ) | (478 | ) | | | | | | | | (64,138 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits(1) |
(6,733 | ) | (1,081 | ) | | | | | | | | (7,814 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) | Balance as of April 1, 2014 |
Net income (loss) |
OCI | Transfers to Level 3 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |
Purchases | Sales | Issues | Settlements | Balance, December 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income securities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All other corporate securities |
$ | 396,694 | $ | 4,514 | $ | (7,472 | ) | $ | | $ | (289,172 | ) | $ | | $ | (97,228 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 7,336 | |||||||||||||||||
ABS |
436 | | (55 | ) | | | 4,930 | | | (61 | ) | 5,250 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS |
3,397 | 2,179 | (314 | ) | | | | | | (2,569 | ) | 2,693 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term investments |
24,095 | 29 | | | | | (411 | ) | | | 23,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity indexed annuity contracts |
(58,038 | ) | (5,622 | ) | | | | | | | | (63,660 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits(1) |
(8,499 | ) | 1,766 | | | | | | | | (6,733 | ) |
(1) | These amount are 100% ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements. |
Transfers into Level 3 are generally the result of unobservable inputs utilized within the valuation methodologies and the use of indicative broker quotes for assets that were previously valued using observable inputs. Transfers out of Level 3 are generally due to the use of observable inputs in valuation methodologies as well as the availability of pricing service information for certain assets that the Company is able to validate.
46
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value. The financial instruments presented below are reported at carrying value on the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheet; however, in some cases, as described below, the carrying amount equals or approximates fair value as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
December 31, 2015 ($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
$ | | $ | | $ | 1,536,638 | $ | 1,536,638 | ||||||||
Policy loans |
| | 186,827 | 186,827 | ||||||||||||
Cash |
49,121 | | | 49,121 | ||||||||||||
Vehicle note |
| | 638,270 | 638,270 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total assets at fair value |
$ | 49,121 | $ | | $ | 2,361,735 | $ | 2,410,856 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Liabilities at fair value |
||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances investment contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | 5,967,973 | $ | 5,967,973 | ||||||||
Other long-term debt |
| | 638,270 | 638,270 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
$ | | $ | | $ | 6,606,243 | $ | 6,606,243 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
December 31, 2014 ($ in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
$ | | $ | | $ | 1,150,510 | $ | 1,150,510 | ||||||||
Policy loans |
| | 194,385 | 194,385 | ||||||||||||
Cash |
49,730 | | | 49,730 | ||||||||||||
Vehicle note |
| | 551,600 | 551,600 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total assets at fair value |
$ | 49,730 | $ | | $ | 1,896,495 | $ | 1,946,225 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Liabilities at fair value |
|
|||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances investment contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | 6,609,253 | $ | 6,609,253 | ||||||||
Other long-term debt |
| | 551,600 | 551,600 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
$ | | $ | | $ | 7,160,853 | $ | 7,160,853 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fair values presented above have been determined by using available market information and by applying market valuation methodologies, as described in more detail below.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
The fair value of most commercial mortgage loans is based upon the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate plus an appropriate credit spread for similar quality loans.
Policy Loans
The fair value of policy loans was determined by discounting expected cash flows at the current loan coupon rate. As a result, the carrying value of the policy loans approximates the fair value.
Cash
The Company believes that due to the short-term nature of certain assets, the carrying value approximates fair value.
47
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Vehicle Note and Other Long-Term Debt
The fair value of the Vehicle note and Other long-term debt is based upon the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate.
Policyholders Account Balances Investment Contracts
Only the portion of policyholders account balances related to products that are investment contracts (those without significant mortality or morbidity risk) are reflected in the table above. For fixed deferred annuities fair values are derived using discounted projected cash flows based on interest rates that are representative of the Companys financial strength ratings, and hence reflect the Companys own nonperformance risk. For those balances that can be withdrawn by the customer at any time without prior notice or penalty, the fair value is the amount estimated to be payable to the customer as of the reporting date, which is generally the carrying value.
Predecessor
Summary of significant valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Level 1 Measurements
| Fixed maturities: Comprise certain U.S. Treasuries. Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access. |
| Short-term: Comprise actively traded money market funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access. |
| Separate account assets: Comprise actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access. Net asset values for the actively traded mutual funds in which the separate account assets are invested and obtained daily from the fund managers. |
Level 2 Measurements
| Fixed maturities |
U.S. government and agencies: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
Municipal: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
Corporate, including privately placed: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads. Also included are privately placed securities valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses market observable inputs and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. The primary inputs to the discounted cash flow model include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets in markets that are not active that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.
Foreign government: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
48
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
RMBS: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral performance and credit spreads.
CMBS: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, collateral performance and credit spreads.
| Short-term: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads. For certain short-term investments, amortized cost is used as the best estimate of fair value. |
Level 3 Measurements
| Policyholder account balances Successor; contractholder funds Predecessor: Derivatives embedded in certain life and annuity contracts are valued internally using models widely accepted in the financial services industry that determine a single best estimate of fair value for the embedded derivatives within a block of contractholder liabilities. The models primarily use stochastically determined cash flows based on the contractual elements of embedded derivatives, projected option cost and applicable market data, such as interest rate yield curves and equity index volatility assumptions. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of nonmarket observable inputs. |
The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014.
($ in thousands) |
Total gains (losses) included in: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2013 |
Net income(1) |
OCI | Transfers into Level 3 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |
||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Contractholder funds: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | (267,859 | ) | $ | 18,525 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |
$ | (267,859 | ) | $ | 18,525 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Purchases | Sales | Issues | Settlements | Balance as of March 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Contractholder funds: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | (3,764 | ) | $ | 2,612 | $ | (250,486 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |
$ | | $ | | $ | (3,764 | ) | $ | 2,612 | $ | (250,486 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | The amount attributable to derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts was reported as follows: $17.6 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $946 thousand in contract benefits. These amounts were ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements. |
49
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table presents the rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value on a recurring basis during the year ended December 31, 2013.
($ in thousands) |
Total gains (losses) included in: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2012 |
Net income(1) |
OCI | Transfers into Level 3 |
Transfers out of Level 3 |
||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
$ | 312 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 assets |
$ | 312 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | (314,926 | ) | $ | 43,244 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |
$ | (314,926 | ) | $ | 43,244 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases | Sales | Issues | Settlements | Balance as of December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed maturities: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (312 | ) | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 assets |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | (312 | ) | $ | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Policyholders account balances: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | | $ | | $ | (6,621 | ) | $ | 10,444 | $ | (267,859 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |
$ | | $ | | $ | (6,621 | ) | $ | 10,444 | $ | (267,859 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) | The amount attributable to derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts was reported as follows: $33.0 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $10.2 million in contract benefits. These amounts were ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements. |
Transfers between level categorizations may occur due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs, which generally are caused by changes in market conditions such as liquidity, trading volume or bid-ask spreads. Transfers between level categorizations may also occur due to changes in the valuation source. For example, in situations where a fair value quote is not provided by the Companys independent third-party valuation service provider and as a result the price is stale or has been replaced with a broker quote whose inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable, the security is transferred into Level 3. Transfers in and out of level categorizations are reported as having occurred at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. Therefore, for all transfers into Level 3, all realized and changes in unrealized gains and losses in the quarter of transfer are reflected in the Level 3 rollforward table.
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 or 2013.
50
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The following table provides the change in unrealized gains and losses included in net income for Level 3 assets and liabilities.
($ in thousands) |
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
As of December 31, 2013 |
||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||
Policyholders account balances: |
||||||||
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |
$ | 18,525 | $ | 43,244 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |
$ | 18,525 | $ | 43,244 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The amounts in the table above represent the change in unrealized gains and losses included in net income for the period of time that the asset or liability was determined to be in Level 3. The amount attributable to derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts is reported as follows: $17.6 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $946 thousand in contract benefits in the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014, $33.0 million in interest credited to contractholder funds and $10.2 million in contract benefits in 2013. These amounts are ceded in accordance with the Companys reinsurance agreements.
6. | Reinsurance |
Successor
The Company has agreements that provide for reinsurance of certain policy-related risks. Under the agreements, premiums, contract charges, interest credited to policyholder funds, policy benefits and substantially all expenses are reinsured. The Company purchases reinsurance to limit aggregate and single losses on large risks. The Company cedes a portion of the mortality risk on certain life and long-term care policies under coinsurance agreements to a pool of twelve non-affiliated reinsurers. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, approximately 99% of the Companys non-affiliated reinsurance recoverables are due from companies rated A- or better by S&P. ALIC represents over 65% of the Companys reinsurance recoverables as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.
On April 1, 2014, the Company entered into an experience rated modified coinsurance and monthly renewal term reinsurance arrangement with an external reinsurer under which risk on certain universal life and fixed annuity products is transferred. No portion of the assets constituting the consideration has been transferred to the reinsurer. This agreement was structured to finance reserves on certain universal life and fixed annuity products, in exchange for a fee based on those reserves. The profit to the reinsurer expected on the modified coinsurance and monthly renewable term portions is returned through an experience refund. The Company has determined that this agreement does not fulfill the requirements of risk transfer under generally accepted accounting principles and is accounted for on a deposit method of accounting. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had a deposit receivable and a modified coinsurance payable of $1,250 million and $1,383 million, respectively, related to this agreement.
51
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The effects of reinsurance on premiums earned and fee income from policyholders for the Successor Period for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 Through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Direct |
$ | 1,463,472 | $ | 921,444 | ||||
Assumed |
5,939 | 5,258 | ||||||
Ceded |
(1,106,638 | ) | (702,833 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Premiums and fee income, net of reinsurance |
$ | 362,773 | $ | 223,869 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The effects of reinsurance on return credited to policyholders account balances and policyholder benefits for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 Through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Direct |
$ | 1,603,724 | $ | 1,104,420 | ||||
Assumed |
6,743 | 4,713 | ||||||
Ceded |
(957,643 | ) | (635,887 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Return credited to policyholders account balances and policyholders benefits, net of reinsurance |
$ | 652,824 | $ | 473,246 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Predecessor
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company had reinsurance agreements under which it reinsured all of its business to ALIC, Lincoln Benefit Re (LB Re) or non-affiliated reinsurers. Under the agreements, premiums, contract charges, interest credited to policyholders account balances, contract benefits and substantially all expenses were reinsured. The Company purchased reinsurance to limit aggregate and single losses on large risks. The Company ceded a portion of the mortality risk on certain life policies under coinsurance agreements to a pool of twelve non-affiliated reinsurers.
The effects of reinsurance on premiums and contract charges are as follows:
($ in thousands) |
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | ||||||
Direct |
$ | 331,899 | $ | 1,331,597 | ||||
Assumed |
1,581 | 6,830 | ||||||
Ceded: |
||||||||
Affiliate |
(244,797 | ) | (962,576 | ) | ||||
Non-affiliate |
(88,683 | ) | (375,851 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Premiums and fee income, net of reinsurance |
$ | | $ | | ||||
|
|
|
|
52
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The effects of reinsurance on return credited to policyholders account balances, policyholder benefits and other expenses are as follows:
($ in thousands) |
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | ||||||
Direct |
$ | 450,041 | $ | 1,938,015 | ||||
Assumed |
2,606 | 8,180 | ||||||
Ceded: |
||||||||
Affiliate |
(336,122 | ) | (1,505,010 | ) | ||||
Non-affiliate |
(116,525 | ) | (441,185 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Return credited to policyholders, contract benefits and expenses, net of reinsurance |
$ | | $ | | ||||
|
|
|
|
7. | Income Taxes |
Successor
In connection with the Acquisition as defined in Note 1, ALIC made an election under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-36(d) for ALIC to eliminate tax basis in certain assets and tax attributes under the unified loss rules. As a result, the tax basis of certain of the Companys assets was reduced immediately prior to the Acquisition. The reduced tax bases were used to determine the deferred tax impact under the acquisition method of accounting as discussed in Note 1.
The Company is party to a federal income tax allocation agreement (the Tax Allocation Agreement) with Lancaster Re. The Company and Lancaster Re will file a separate consolidated federal income tax return for the period April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 and will continue to do so in future tax years under Internal Revenue Code Section 1504 (c)(1).
Following the Acquisition, the Company exited The Allstate Corporations consolidated federal income tax return and is no longer a party to the tax allocation agreement with its former affiliates. Final tax settlements were agreed to with The Allstate Corporation and no future tax allocations are expected to occur with The Allstate Corporation.
As part of the Acquisition, although the Company remains jointly and severally liable for consolidated tax liabilities, the Company is held harmless by ALIC in accordance with the Acquisition agreement and believes that the possibility of a tax liability for the pre-sale tax years is remote. Additionally, the Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions for its federal income tax return that would be material to its financial condition, results of income, or cash flows. Therefore, the Company did not record a liability for unrecognized tax contingencies/benefits at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2015, there were no uncertain tax positions for which management believes it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of tax contingencies will significantly increase within 12 months of the reporting date. No amounts have been accrued for interest or penalties.
53
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows:
($ in thousands) |
December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets |
||||||||
Policyholder reserves |
$ | 2,058,446 | $ | 2,057,627 | ||||
Deferred acquisition costs |
41,664 | 24,850 | ||||||
Deferred financing costs |
8,707 | 10,755 | ||||||
Net operating loss carryforward |
| 7,500 | ||||||
Investments |
120,893 | | ||||||
Other assets |
688 | 38 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total deferred tax assets |
$ | 2,230,398 | $ | 2,100,770 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
||||||||
Value of business acquired |
$ | (86,696 | ) | $ | (81,032 | ) | ||
Amounts recoverable from reinsurers |
(2,076,251 | ) | (2,010,157 | ) | ||||
Investments |
| (45,935 | ) | |||||
Intangibles |
(1,820 | ) | (1,820 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities |
(591 | ) | (2,558 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total deferred tax liabilities |
$ | (2,165,358 | ) | $ | (2,141,502 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) |
$ | 65,040 | $ | (40,732 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance if necessary to reduce the deferred tax asset to an amount that is more likely than not expected to be realized. Considerable judgment is required in determining whether a valuation allowance is necessary, and if so, the amount of such valuation allowance. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance the Company considers many factors, including: (1) the nature of the deferred tax assets and liabilities; (2) whether they are ordinary or capital; (3) in which tax jurisdictions they were generated and the timing of their reversal; (4) taxable income in prior carryback years as well as projected taxable earnings exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (5) the length of time that any tax attribute carryovers can be utilized in the various taxing jurisdictions; (6) any unique tax rules that would impact the utilization of the deferred tax assets; and (7) prudent and feasible tax planning strategies that the Company would employ to avoid a tax benefit from expiring unused. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company had no valuation allowance as of December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. With respect to deferred tax assets associated with investments, the Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities until recovery. Adjustments to the valuation allowance will be made if there is a change in managements assessment of the amount of deferred tax asset that is realizable.
At December 31, 2015, the Company had no net operating loss carryforwards, no capital loss carryforwards, or tax credit carryforwards.
54
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate on income from operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 Through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Expected federal income tax expense |
45,062 | $ | 15,722 | |||||
Dividends received deduction |
(2,443 | ) | (1,470 | ) | ||||
Other |
3,475 | (18 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | 46,094 | $ | 14,234 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Other represents the establishment of additional deferred tax liabilities that existed at the time of Acquisition and identified during the completion of the consolidated federal income tax return for the 2014 tax year.
The dividends received deduction (DRD) reduces the amount of dividend income subject to U.S. tax and is the primary component of the non-taxable investment income, and, as such, is a significant component of the difference between the Companys effective tax rate and the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The actual current year DRD can vary from the estimate based on factors such as, but not limited to, changes in the amount of dividends received that are eligible for the DRD, changes in the amount of distributions received from mutual fund investments, changes in the account balances of variable life and annuity contracts, and the Companys taxable income before the DRD.
However, there remains the possibility that the IRS and the U.S. Treasury will address, through subsequent guidance, certain issues related to the calculation of the DRD. For the last several years, the revenue proposals included in the Obama Administrations budgets included a proposal that would change the method used to determine the amount of the DRD. A change in the DRD, including the possible retroactive or prospective elimination of this deduction through guidance or legislation, could increase actual tax expense and reduce the Companys consolidated net income.
Predecessor
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company joined The Allstate Corporation and its other subsidiaries (the Allstate Group) in the filing of a consolidated federal income tax return and was party to a federal income tax allocation agreement (the Allstate Tax Sharing Agreement). Under the Allstate Tax Sharing Agreement, the Company paid to or received from The Allstate Corporation the amount, if any, by which the Allstate Groups federal income tax liability was affected by virtue of inclusion of the Company in the consolidated federal income tax return. The Company also had a supplemental tax sharing agreement with respect to reinsurance ceded to ALIC to allocate the tax benefits and costs related to such reinsurance. Effectively, these agreements resulted in the Companys annual income tax provision being computed, with adjustments, as if the Company filed a separate return, adjusted for the reinsurance ceded to ALIC.
The IRS is currently examining the Allstate Groups 2013 and 2014 federal income tax returns. The IRS completed the audit of the Allstate Groups 2011 and 2012 federal income tax returns and issued a final Revenue Agents Report on June 10, 2015. The Allstate Groups tax years prior to 2011 have been examined by the IRS and the statute of limitations has expired on those years. Any adjustments that may result from IRS examinations of the Allstate Groups tax returns are not expected to have a material effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.
55
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The components of income tax expense are as follows:
($ in thousands) |
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | ||||||
Current |
$ | 914 | $ | 3,902 | ||||
Deferred |
8 | (77 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total income tax expense |
$ | 922 | $ | 3,825 | ||||
|
|
|
|
The Company paid no income taxes in the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014. The Company paid income taxes of $4.2 million in 2013.
A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate on income from operations is as follows:
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | |||||||
Statutory federal income tax rate |
35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||||
Other |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Effective income tax rate |
35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||||
|
|
|
|
8. | Future Policy Benefits and Other Policyholder Liabilities Successor |
Life insurance liabilities include reserves for death benefits and other policy benefits. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities consisted of the following:
($ in thousands) |
December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||||
Traditional life insurance |
$ | 1,567,388 | $ | 1,492,438 | ||||
Immediate fixed annuities |
584,948 | 635,858 | ||||||
Accident and health insurance |
1,580,809 | 1,462,110 | ||||||
Equity indexed annuities |
38,739 | 39,174 | ||||||
Other |
985,757 | 899,369 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 4,757,641 | $ | 4,528,949 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Future policy benefits are generally equal to the present value of future benefit payments and related expenses, less the present value of future net premiums. Assumptions as to mortality, morbidity and persistency are based on the Companys experience, industry data, and/or other factors, when the basis of the reserve is established. Interest rates used in the determination of present values range from 2.5% to 6.0% for setting reserves.
56
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
9. | Policyholder Account Balances Successor |
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, policyholders account balances consisted of the following:
($ in thousands) |
December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||||
Interest-sensitive life contracts |
$ | 5,210,152 | $ | 5,085,470 | ||||
Individual annuities |
5,896,019 | 6,662,985 | ||||||
Other |
14,394 | 15,857 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total policyholders account balances |
$ | 11,120,565 | $ | 11,764,312 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Policyholders account balances represent an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges, if applicable. These policyholders account balances also include provisions for benefits under non-life contingent payout annuities. Interest crediting rates range from 0.4% to 6.0% for interest sensitive contracts. Interest crediting rates for individual annuities range from 0.0% to 6.0%.
10. | Certain Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts Successor |
The Company offered traditional variable annuity contracts through its separate accounts for which investment income and investment gains and losses accrue directly to, and investment risk is borne by, the contractholder. The Company also offered variable annuity contracts with general and separate account options where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder a return of no less than total deposits made to the contract less any partial withdrawals (return of net deposits). In certain of these variable annuity contracts, the Company also contractually guarantees to the contractholder a return of no less than (1) total deposits made to the contract less any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return (minimum return), and/or (2) the highest contract value on a specified date adjusted for any withdrawals (contract value). These guarantees include benefits that are payable in the event of death, annuitization or at specified dates during the accumulation period and withdrawal and income benefits payable during specified periods. The Company also issued annuity contracts with and without market value adjusted investment options (MVAs), which provide for a return of principal plus a fixed rate of return if held to maturity, or, alternatively, a market adjusted value if surrendered prior to maturity or if funds are allocated to other investment options. The market value adjustment may result in a gain or loss to the Company, depending on crediting rates or an indexed rate at surrender, as applicable. All of the risks associated with the Companys variable annuity contracts are reinsured with external reinsurers.
In addition, the Company issues certain variable life, variable universal life and universal life contracts where the Company contractually guarantees to the contractholder a death benefit even when there is insufficient value to cover monthly mortality and expense charges, whereas otherwise the contract would typically lapse (no lapse guarantee). Variable life and variable universal life contracts are offered with general and separate account options similar to variable annuities.
The assets supporting the variable portion of both traditional variable annuities and certain variable contracts with guarantees are carried at fair value and reported as Separate account assets with an equivalent amount reported as Separate account liabilities. Amounts assessed against the contractholders for mortality, administration, and other services are included within revenue in fee income from policyholders and changes in liabilities for minimum guarantees are generally included in policyholder benefits in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Successor) and Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Predecessor).
57
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date. The Companys primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including fixed income and equity market returns, contract lapses and contractholder mortality.
For guarantees of benefits that are payable at annuitization, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments available to the contractholder determined in accordance with the terms of the contract in excess of the current account balance. The Companys primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including fixed income and equity market returns, benefit utilization, timing of annuitization, contract lapses and contractholder mortality.
For guarantees of benefits that are payable at withdrawal, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the present value of the minimum guaranteed withdrawal payments available to the contractholder determined in accordance with the terms of the contract in excess of the current account balance. For guarantees of accumulation balances, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the guaranteed minimum accumulation balance minus the current account balance. The Companys primary risk exposures for these contracts relates to actual deviations from, or changes to, the assumptions used in the original pricing of these products, including equity market returns, interest rates, market volatility or contractholder behavior used in the original pricing of these products.
The Companys contracts with guarantees may offer more than one type of guarantee in each contract; therefore, the amounts listed may not be mutually exclusive. The liabilities related to the net amount at risk are reflected within Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities or Policyholders account balances. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had the following guarantees associated with these contracts, by product and guarantee type:
December 31, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
In the Event of Death |
At Annuitization/ Accumulation |
For Cumulative Periodic Withdrawals |
Accumulation at Specified Dates |
||||||||||||
Variable Annuity Contracts |
||||||||||||||||
Separate account value |
$ | 608.8 | $ | 127.4 | $ | 12.8 | $ | 91.6 | ||||||||
Net amount at risk |
$ | 66.3 | $ | 16.9 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 7.4 | ||||||||
Average attained age of contractholders |
61 years | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Weighted average waiting period until guarantee date |
N/A | None | N/A | 5 years | ||||||||||||
Variable Life, Variable Universal Life and Universal Life Contracts |
||||||||||||||||
No Lapse Guarantees |
||||||||||||||||
Separate account value |
$ | 307.3 | ||||||||||||||
General account value |
$ | 3,639.6 | ||||||||||||||
Net amount at risk |
$ | 84,370.9 | ||||||||||||||
Average attained age of contractholders |
48 years |
58
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
As of December 31, 2014, the Company had the following guarantees associated with these contracts, by product and guarantee type:
December 31, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
In the Event of Death |
At Annuitization/ Accumulation |
For Cumulative Periodic Withdrawals |
Accumulation at Specified Dates |
||||||||||||
Variable Annuity Contracts |
||||||||||||||||
Separate account value |
$ | 742.7 | $ | 151.9 | $ | 16.6 | $ | 118.4 | ||||||||
Net amount at risk |
$ | 57.2 | $ | 15.2 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 6.2 | ||||||||
Average attained age of contractholders |
60 years | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Weighted average waiting period until guarantee date |
N/A | None | N/A | 6 years | ||||||||||||
Variable Life, Variable Universal Life and Universal Life Contracts |
||||||||||||||||
No Lapse Guarantees |
||||||||||||||||
Separate account value |
$ | 325.1 | ||||||||||||||
General account value |
$ | 3,518.3 | ||||||||||||||
Net amount at risk |
$ | 89,942.8 | ||||||||||||||
Average attained age of contractholders |
51 years |
Liabilities for Guarantee Benefits
The liabilities for guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB) and secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life and fixed annuities are included in Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (Successor) and the related changes in the liabilities are included in Policyholder benefits in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Successor Period for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014. Guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB), guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (GMAB) features are accounted for as bifurcated embedded derivatives and are recorded at fair value within Policyholders account balances on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (Successor). The table below summarizes the changes in general account liabilities for guarantees on variable contracts.
59
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
GMDB | GMIB | GMWB/ GMAB |
Secondary Guarantees |
|||||||||||||||||
($ in thousands) |
Variable Annuity |
Variable Annuity |
Variable Annuity |
Interest- Sensitive Life and Fixed Annuities |
Total | |||||||||||||||
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net balance as of December 31, 2013 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverable |
8,444 | 8,743 | 9,444 | 281,771 | 308,402 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2013 |
$ | 8,444 | $ | 8,743 | $ | 9,444 | $ | 281,771 | $ | 308,402 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less: reinsurance recoverable |
8,444 | 8,743 | 9,444 | 281,771 | 308,402 | |||||||||||||||
Net balance as of December 31, 2013 |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Incurred guarantee benefits |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Paid guarantee benefits |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net change |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Net balance as of March 31, 2014 |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverable |
8,057 | 7,122 | 8,499 | 293,704 | 317,382 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2014 |
$ | 8,057 | $ | 7,122 | $ | 8,499 | $ | 293,704 | $ | 317,382 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Successor |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of April 1, 2014 |
$ | 8,057 | $ | 7,122 | $ | 8,499 | $ | 552,163 | $ | 575,841 | ||||||||||
Less: reinsurance recoverable |
8,057 | 7,122 | 8,499 | 67,288 | 90,966 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net balance as of April 1, 2014 |
| | | 484,875 | 484,875 | |||||||||||||||
Incurred guarantee benefits |
| | | 159,104 | 159,104 | |||||||||||||||
Paid guarantee benefits |
| | | (108,252 | ) | (108,252 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net change |
| | | 50,852 | 50,852 | |||||||||||||||
Net balance as of December 31, 2014 |
| | | 535,727 | 535,727 | |||||||||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverable |
8,358 | 8,240 | 6,733 | 83,733 | 107,064 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2014 |
$ | 8,358 | $ | 8,240 | $ | 6,733 | $ | 619,460 | $ | 642,791 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Less: reinsurance recoverable |
8,358 | 8,240 | 6,733 | 83,733 | 107,064 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net balance as of December 31, 2014 |
| | | 535,727 | 535,727 | |||||||||||||||
Incurred guarantee benefits |
| | | 217,626 | 217,626 | |||||||||||||||
Paid guarantee benefits |
| | | (118,063 | ) | (118,063 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net change |
| | | 99,563 | 99,563 | |||||||||||||||
Net balance as of December 31, 2015 |
| | | 635,290 | 635,290 | |||||||||||||||
Plus reinsurance recoverable |
8,844 | 5,663 | 7,814 | 100,317 | 122,638 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2015 |
$ | 8,844 | $ | 5,663 | $ | 7,814 | $ | 735,607 | $ | 757,928 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
11. | Value of Business Acquired Successor |
The following reflects the changes to the VOBA asset:
($ in thousands) |
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 Through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Balance at beginning of period |
$ | 231,521 | $ | 290,795 | ||||
Business acquired |
| | ||||||
Amortized to expense during the year(1) |
(40,880 | ) | (38,987 | ) | ||||
Adjustment for unrealized investment losses during the year |
57,061 | (20,287 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 247,702 | $ | 231,521 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Amount is included in Operating and Acquisition Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
The following table provides estimated percentage of the VOBA balance to be amortized for the years indicated:
VOBA Amortization |
||||
2016 |
14 | % | ||
2017 |
12 | % | ||
2018 |
10 | % | ||
2019 |
8 | % | ||
2020 and thereafter |
56 | % |
12. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Regulation and Compliance
The Company is subject to changing social, economic and regulatory conditions. From time to time, regulatory authorities or legislative bodies seek to impose additional regulations regarding agent and broker compensation, regulate the nature of and amount of investments, and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry. The Company has established procedures and policies to facilitate compliance with laws and regulations, to foster prudent business operations, and to support financial reporting. The Company routinely reviews its practices to validate compliance with laws and regulations and with internal procedures and policies. As a result of these reviews, from time to time the Company may decide to modify some of its procedures and policies. Such modifications, and the reviews that led to them, may be accompanied by payments being made and costs being incurred. The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these actions on the Companys business, if any, are uncertain.
The Company is currently being examined by certain states for compliance with unclaimed property laws. It is possible that this examination may result in additional payments of abandoned funds to states and to changes in the Companys practices and procedures for the identification of escheatable funds, which could impact benefit payments and reserves, among other consequences; however, it is not likely to have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company.
61
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company is assessed amounts by the state guaranty funds to cover losses to policyholders of insolvent or rehabilitated insurance companies. Those mandatory assessments may be partially recovered through a reduction in future premium taxes in certain states. At December 31, 2015, the Company accrued $6.7 million for guaranty fund assessments which is expected to be offset by estimated future premium tax deductions of $11.1 million.
Litigation
The Company is involved from time to time in judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of its business. Management believes, based on currently available information, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of the Companys litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in cases or proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate damages or fines are sought, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for cases or proceedings where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. However, the Company believes that at the present time there are no pending or threatened lawsuits that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In the normal course of its business, the Company has entered into agreements that include indemnities in favor of third parties, such as contracts with advisors and consultants, outsourcing agreements, information technology agreements and service agreements. The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors, officers and employees in accordance with the Companys by-laws. The Company believes any potential liability under these agreements is neither probable nor estimable. Therefore, the Company has not recorded any associated liability.
Pledged or Restricted Assets
The Company had the following restricted assets:
| Certain bonds were on deposit with governmental authorities as required by law with market values of $8.4 million and $8.9 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. |
| Derivative cash collateral received was reported as cash equivalents of $0.8 million and $6.4 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. |
| Funds pledged on certain mortgage loans held in the investment portfolio to finance property improvements on underlying real estate totaling $18.4 million at December 31, 2015. |
13. | Regulatory Capital and Dividends |
The Company prepares its statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Nebraska. Prescribed statutory accounting practices include a variety of publications of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. Permitted statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices not so prescribed.
The State of Nebraska requires insurance companies domiciled in its state to prepare statutory-basis financial statements in conformity with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, subject to any deviations prescribed or permitted by the State of Nebraska Insurance Commissioner. Statutory accounting practices differ from GAAP primarily since they require establishing life insurance reserves based on different actuarial assumptions, and valuing certain investments at amortized cost. Statutory accounting practices do not give recognition to purchase accounting adjustments.
62
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Statutory net income was $74 million and $226 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus was $555 million and $719 million as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Dividend | Limitations |
The ability of the Company to pay dividends is dependent on business conditions, income, cash requirements and other relevant factors. The payment of shareholder dividends by the Company without the prior approval of the Department of Insurance is limited to formula amounts based on net income and capital and surplus, determined in conformity with statutory accounting practices, as well as, the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. In connection with the Acquisition, prior approval of the Nebraska Director of Insurance is required for the Company for any dividend or distribution for five years subsequent to the Acquisition. The Company paid dividends of $187.0 million and $33.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively.
Other
Without the prior approval of the Nebraska Director of Insurance, the Company may not:
1. | Acquire or enter into an agreement or understanding to acquire control of any insurer, assumptively acquire policies, or bulk reinsure business during the period of three years after the Acquisition. |
2. | Provide or propose to provide directly or indirectly any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges, or other financial assistance (excluding policy loans or investment portfolio transactions) during the period of three years after the Acquisition. |
3. | Engage in any material transaction during the period of three years after the Acquisition. Material transaction shall mean any transfer or encumbrance of assets that, together with all other transfers or encumbrances made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds in value the greater of five percent of Lincoln Benefits surplus as of the December 31st of the last preceding, or the net gain from operations of Lincoln Benefit for the twelve-month period ending the December 31st of the last preceding. For the purposes of this clause, Material Transaction shall exclude: (i) investment portfolio transactions; (ii) settlement of balances due to policyholders, agents or third party reinsurers under existing reinsurance agreements or; (iii) settlement of ordinary course payables including but not limited to taxes, third party administrators, suppliers or other ordinary course creditors, and intercompany payables arising under any approved intercompany services agreement |
Under state insurance laws, insurance companies are required to maintain paid up capital of not less than the minimum capital requirement applicable to the types of insurance they are authorized to write. Insurance companies are also subject to risk-based capital (RBC) requirements adopted by state insurance regulators. A companys authorized control level RBC is calculated using various factors applied to certain financial balances and activity. Companies that do not maintain statutory capital and surplus at a level in excess of the company action level RBC, which is two times authorized control level RBC, are required to take specified actions. Company action level RBC is significantly in excess of the minimum capital requirements.
14. | Leases |
In December 2014, the Company entered into a lease agreement, effective February 2015, to lease office space under a non-cancellable operating lease agreement that expires in January 31, 2026. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company made payments of $0.1 million pursuant to this operating lease. For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the Company made no payments pursuant to this operating lease.
63
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The minimum aggregate rental commitments as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |
||||
2015 |
$ | 194 | ||
2016 |
207 | |||
2017 |
212 | |||
2018 |
217 | |||
2019 |
222 | |||
All future years |
1,489 | |||
|
|
|||
Aggregate total |
$ | 2,541 | ||
|
|
15. | Related Parties |
Successor
On April 1, 2014, the Company entered into a management services agreement with Resolution. Under this agreement, Resolution and Lincoln Benefit provide services to each other including but not limited to compliance, legal, risk management, accounting and reporting, treasury, tax and other management related services. Services are provided at cost. Resolution provided $13.9 million and $21.1 million in services to Lincoln Benefit for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively.
Effective April 1, 2014, the Company entered into a Fee Letter (the Fee Letter) with Lanis LLC (Lanis) pursuant to which the Company will pay Lanis the risk spread due on the Vehicle Note issued by Lanis to Lancaster Re. The total expense related to this risk spread for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 was approximately $6.7 million and $4.3 million, respectively.
The Company reported the following receivables/ (payables) to affiliates as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 ($ in thousands):
December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | |||||||
Resolution |
$ | (2,623 | ) | $ | (4,509 | ) | ||
Lanis |
$ | (1,742 | ) | $ | (1,564 | ) |
Intercompany receivable and payable balances are evaluated on an individual company basis. Intercompany balances are generally settled quarterly.
The Companys stock is pledged as collateral on Resolutions term loan agreement with a syndicate of lenders (Term Loan). The maturity date of the loan is June 15, 2018. The Term Loan was funded on April 1, 2014.
On April 1, 2014, the Company and RLI entered into a Letter Agreement whereby from and after the fifth anniversary of the date of the agreement, if the Company makes any payment pursuant to the Fee Letter, within ten Business Days of such payment by the Company, RLI shall reimburse the Company in cash in an amount equal to such payment by the Company.
Predecessor
All intercompany balances were settled prior to the Acquisition.
64
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Business operations
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company used services performed by its affiliates, Allstate Insurance Company (AIC), ALIC and Allstate Investments LLC, and business facilities owned or leased and operated by AIC in conducting its business activities. In addition, the Company shared the services of employees with AIC. The Company reimbursed its affiliates for the operating expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. The Company was charged for the cost of these operating expenses based on the level of services provided. Operating expenses allocated to the Company were $50.1 million and $249.7 million in the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014, for the years ended December 31, 2013, respectively. Of these costs, the Company retained investment related expenses on the invested assets that were not transferred under the reinsurance agreements. All other costs were ceded to ALIC under the reinsurance agreements.
Broker-Dealer agreements
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company had a service agreement with Allstate Distributors, L.L.C. (ADLLC), a broker-dealer company owned by ALIC, whereby ADLLC promoted and marketed products sold by the Company. In return for these services, the Company recorded expense of $12 thousand and $71 thousand in the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively, that was ceded to ALIC under the terms of the reinsurance agreements.
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company received distribution services from Allstate Financial Services, LLC, an affiliated broker-dealer company, for certain annuity and variable life insurance contracts sold by Allstate exclusive agencies. For these services, the Company incurred commission and other distribution expenses of $2.2 million and $7.7 million in the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively, that were ceded to ALIC under the terms of the reinsurance agreements.
Reinsurance
The following table summarizes amounts that were ceded to ALIC under reinsurance agreements and reported net in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income:
($ in thousands) |
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | ||||||
Premiums and contract charges |
$ | 244,797 | $ | 962,576 | ||||
Interest credited to contractholder funds, contract benefits and expenses |
336,122 | 1,505,010 |
In September 2012, the Company entered into a coinsurance reinsurance agreement with LB Re to cede certain interest-sensitive life insurance policies to LB Re.
Income taxes
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company was a party to a federal income tax allocation agreement with The Allstate Corporation (see Note 7).
Intercompany loan agreement
Prior to April 1, 2014, the Company had an intercompany loan agreement with The Allstate Corporation.
65
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
Schedule I Summary of Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties
December 31, 2015
($ in thousands) |
Amortized Cost |
Fair Value | Amount at which shown in the Consolidated Balance Sheet |
|||||||||
Type of Investment |
||||||||||||
Fixed maturities: |
||||||||||||
Bonds: |
||||||||||||
United States government, government agencies and authorities |
$ | 163,096 | $ | 168,578 | $ | 168,578 | ||||||
States, municipalities and political subdivisions |
712,948 | 720,757 | 720,757 | |||||||||
Foreign governments |
72,042 | 61,643 | 61,643 | |||||||||
All other corporate bonds |
6,060,561 | 5,738,675 | 5,738,675 | |||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities |
209,728 | 212,799 | 212,799 | |||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities |
513,316 | 506,699 | 506,699 | |||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
542,503 | 536,791 | 536,791 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 8,274,194 | $ | 7,945,942 | $ | 7,945,942 | ||||||
Other securities: |
||||||||||||
Mortgage loans |
$ | 1,509,132 | $ | $ | 1,509,132 | |||||||
Derivatives |
26,128 | 17,735 | 17,735 | |||||||||
Other long-term assets |
677 | 677 | ||||||||||
Policy loans |
186,827 | 186,827 | ||||||||||
Short-term investments |
184,820 | 184,820 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total other securities |
$ | 1,907,584 | $ | 17,735 | $ | 1,899,191 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total investments |
$ | 10,181,778 | $ | 7,963,677 | $ | 9,845,133 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
66
Lincoln Benefit Life Company
(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of Resolution Life, Inc.)
($ in thousands) |
Gross Amount | Ceded to Other Companies |
Assumed from Other Companies |
Net Amount | Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net |
|||||||||||||||
Successor |
||||||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force |
$ | 390,226,197 | $ | 384,704,438 | $ | 4,601,282 | $ | 10,123,041 | 45.5 | % | ||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Premiums and contract charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life and annuities |
$ | 1,405,005 | $ | (1,056,276 | ) | $ | 5,939 | $ | 354,668 | 1.7 | % | |||||||||
Accident and health insurance |
58,467 | (50,362 | ) | | 8,105 | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 1,463,472 | $ | (1,106,638 | ) | $ | 5,939 | $ | 362,773 | 1.6 | % | ||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force |
$ | 395,385,878 | $ | 388,790,881 | $ | 5,106,566 | $ | 11,701,563 | 43.6 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Premiums and contract charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life and annuities |
$ | 869,472 | $ | (669,382 | ) | $ | 5,258 | $ | 205,348 | 2.6 | % | |||||||||
Accident and health insurance |
51,972 | (33,451 | ) | | 18,521 | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 921,444 | $ | (702,833 | ) | $ | 5,258 | $ | 223,869 | 2.4 | % | ||||||||||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||||||||
Period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Premiums and contract charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life and annuities |
$ | 313,410 | $ | (314,991 | ) | $ | 1,581 | $ | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||
Accident and health insurance |
18,489 | (18,489 | ) | | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 331,899 | $ | (333,480 | ) | $ | 1,581 | $ | | 0.0 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life insurance in force |
$ | 389,941,404 | $ | 395,421,202 | $ | 5,479,798 | $ | | 0.0 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Premiums and contract charges: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Life and annuities |
$ | 1,250,623 | $ | (1,257,453 | ) | $ | 6,830 | $ | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||
Accident and health insurance |
80,974 | (80,974 | ) | | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
$ | 1,331,597 | $ | (1,338,427 | ) | $ | 6,830 | $ | | 0.0 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No reinsurance or coinsurance income was netted against premiums ceded in the year ended December 31, 2015, the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, the period from January 1, 2014 to March 31, 2014, or the year ended December 31, 2013.
67
Item 11(f). | Selected Financial Data |
5-YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Successor Period | Predecessor Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | 2015 | For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating results |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income |
$ | 398.9 | $ | 288.6 | $ | 2.4 | $ | 10.9 | $ | 11.6 | $ | 11.8 | ||||||||||||
Realized capital gains and (losses) |
113.5 | 46.1 | 0.3 | | 0.6 | 2.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total Revenues |
875.2 | 614.2 | 2.6 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 13.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
82.7 | 30.7 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial position |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments |
$ | 9,845.1 | $ | 11,088.5 | $ | | $ | 346.8 | $ | 354.8 | $ | 346.6 | ||||||||||||
Total assets |
19,562.7 | 20,710.5 | | 18,844.8 | 19,782.0 | 20,863.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Future policy benefits, other policyholder liabilities and policyholders account balances |
15,878.2 | 16,293.2 | | 16,681.5 | 17,680.5 | 18,689.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders equity |
334.5 | 679.0 | | 343.7 | 346.5 | 338.3 |
Item 11(h). | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
OVERVIEW
The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the financial position and results of operations of Lincoln Benefit. It should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes found under Item 11(e) contained herein. We operate as a single segment entity, based on the manner in which we use financial information to evaluate business performance and to determine the allocation of resources.
The most important factors we monitor to evaluate the financial condition and performance of our Company include:
| For operations: premiums, benefits paid, contract charges, amounts ceded to reinsurers and return on investments including exposure to market risk, credit quality/experience, net investment income, cash flows, realized capital gains and losses, unrealized capital gains and losses, stability of long-term returns, and asset/liability duration (asset duration). |
| For financial condition: risk based capital ratio and capital position. |
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, the Companys results of operations and financial position as reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements could change significantly.
Management believes the critical accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates, assumptions and judgments:
| Future policy benefits and other policyholder liabilities |
| Value of business acquired (VOBA) |
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| Investments Impairments and Fair Value Measurements |
| Income Taxes |
| Reserves for Contingencies |
Future Policy Benefits and Other Policyholder Liabilities
Policy liabilities are established for future policy benefits on certain annuity, life, and long term care policies. Such liabilities are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in-force. Changes in policy and contract claims are recorded in policyholder benefits, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).
For ASC 944-20 products, benefit reserves are computed using the net level premium method for individual life, annuity and long-term care policies, and are based upon estimates as to future investment yield, mortality and lapse that include provisions for adverse deviation that were prevalent at the time the reserve was initially established. Mortality, morbidity and lapse assumptions for all policies are based on the Companys own experience and industry standards.
Liabilities for outstanding claims and claims adjustment expenses are estimates of payments to be made on life and health insurance contracts for reported claims and claims adjustment expenses. A liability is also held for claims adjustment expenses incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. These liabilities are determined using case basis evaluations and statistical analyses and represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred but not paid. These estimates are continually reviewed and adjusted as necessary; such adjustments are reflected in current operations.
Future policy benefit reserves for fixed indexed annuity policies with returns linked to the performance of a specified market index are equal to the excess of the sum of the fair value of the embedded derivative and the host (or guaranteed) component over the policyholder account balance. The change in the fair value of the embedded derivative is linked primarily to the performance of the equity option. The host value is established as of the date of acquisition and is equal to the total account value, plus the value of the unexpired options at the date of acquisition, less the embedded derivative, and accreted over the policys life at a constant rate of interest.
Future policy benefits reserves for the portion of fixed indexed annuities earning a fixed rate of interest and other deferred annuity products are computed under a retrospective deposit method and represent policyholders account balances before applicable surrender charges.
The Company holds additional liabilities for its no lapse guarantees (associated with universal life policies) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) associated with fixed annuities, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 944-20, Financial Services Insurance Activities. The Companys reserves related to guaranteed minimum income benefits, guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits, and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits associated with variable annuities are ceded to third party reinsurers.
Policy liabilities and accruals are based on the various estimates discussed above. Although the adequacy of these amounts cannot be assured, the Company believes that policy liabilities and accruals will be sufficient to meet future obligations of policies in-force. The amount of liabilities and accruals, however, could be revised if the estimates discussed above are revised.
Sensitivity for Future Policy Benefit Reserves
The Companys liability for future policy benefits also includes reserves based on the present value of estimated future payments to or on behalf of contractholders, where the timing and amount of payment depends on policyholder mortality. Expected mortality is generally based on the Companys experience, industry data, and/or other factors. Interest rate assumptions are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment
69
returns. After the initial establishment of reserves, premium deficiency and loss recognition tests are performed using best estimate assumptions as of the testing date without provisions for adverse deviation. When the liabilities for future policy benefits plus the present value of expected future gross premiums for the aggregate product group are insufficient to provide for expected future policy benefits and expenses for that line of business (i.e., reserves net of any VOBA asset), VOBA would first be written off and thereafter, if required, a premium deficiency reserve would be established by a charge to earnings.
Value of Business Acquired
In conjunction with the acquisition of a block of insurance policies or investment contracts, a portion of the purchase price is allocated to the right to receive future gross profits from the acquired insurance policies or investment contracts. This intangible asset, called value of business acquired, represents the estimated present value of future profits from the acquired policies. The estimated present value of future cash flows is based on certain assumptions, including mortality, persistency, expenses, and interest rates that the Company expects to experience in future years. For interest sensitive products, VOBA is amortized over the life of the policies in relation to the emergence of estimated gross profits from margins on mortality, interest, expenses, and surrenders, all of which are net of reinsurance and include actual realized gains and losses on investments. For non-interest sensitive products, such as term life insurance, VOBA is amortized in relation to premium. VOBA is reviewed periodically for loss recognition to ensure that the unamortized balance is recoverable from future earnings from the business. For certain contracts, this evaluation is performed as part of our premium deficiency testing. The carrying amount of VOBA is adjusted for the effects of realized and unrealized gains and losses on debt securities classified as available-for-sale.
Annual assumptions review and quarterly adjustments
Annually, we perform a comprehensive review of the assumptions used in estimating gross profits for future periods. We perform our annual review of assumptions during the third quarter.
Updates to assumptions may cause significant variability in amortization expense in the future. The impact on our results of operations of changes in lapse experience, mortality and revisions to expected future rates of return on investments can be offsetting and therefore we are unable to predict their movement or offsetting impact over time.
The quarterly adjustments for current period experience reflect the impact of differences between actual gross profits for a given period and the previously estimated expected gross profits for that period. To the extent each periods actual experience differs from the previous estimate for that period, the assumed level of total gross profits may change. In these cases, we recognize a cumulative adjustment to all previous periods amortization, also referred to as an experience true-up adjustment.
VOBA Sensitivities
For our equity-indexed annuity, variable and universal life policies, a significant portion of our gross profits is derived from interest and mortality margins. As a result, our estimates of future gross profits are significantly influenced by our interest and mortality assumptions. Our mortality assumptions are used to estimate future death claims over the life of these policies and may be developed based on Company experience, industry experience and other factors. Unless a material change in mortality experience that we feel is indicative of a long term trend is observed in an interim period, we generally update our mortality assumptions annually. Updates to our mortality assumptions in future periods could have a significant adverse or favorable effect on our results of operations.
The following table provides a demonstration of the sensitivity of the VOBA balance relative to our future interest and mortality assumptions by quantifying the adjustments that would be required, assuming both an
70
increase and decrease in our future interest and mortality margin by 10%. The information below is for illustrative purposes only and reflects only the direct effect of changes in our interest and mortality margin on the VOBA balance with no changes in any other assumptions such as persistency or expenses included in our evaluation of VOBA.
($ in millions) | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||||
Decrease in future interest and mortality margin by 10% |
$ | (4.3 | ) | $ | (2.4 | ) | ||
Increase in future interest and mortality margin by 10% |
$ | 3.8 | $ | 2.1 |
In addition to the impacts of interest and mortality experience relative to our assumptions, other factors may also drive variability in amortization expense, particularly when our annual assumption updates are performed. As noted above, however, the impact on our results of operations of changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and we are unable to predict their movement or offsetting impact over time.
Valuation of Investments, Including Derivatives, and the Recognition of Other-than-Temporary Impairments
Our investment portfolio consists of public and private fixed maturity securities, commercial mortgage and other loans, other invested assets and derivative financial instruments. Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are derived from interest rates, financial indices or the values of securities. The derivative financial instruments we generally use are futures and options. Management believes the following accounting policies related to investments, including derivatives, are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions. Each of these policies is discussed further within other relevant disclosures related to the investments and derivatives, as referenced below:
| Valuation of investments, including derivatives; |
| Recognition of other-than-temporary impairments; and |
| Determination of the valuation allowance for losses on commercial mortgage and other loans. |
We present at fair value in the statements of financial position our investments classified as available-for-sale, including fixed maturities, derivatives, and embedded derivatives. For additional information regarding the key estimates and assumptions surrounding the determination of fair value of fixed maturity and equity securities, as well as derivative instruments, embedded derivatives and other investments, see Notes 2 and 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For our investments classified as available-for-sale, the impact of changes in fair value is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net (AOCI), a separate component of equity. For a discussion of our policies regarding other-than-temporary declines in investment value and the related methodology for recording other-than-temporary impairments of fixed maturity and equity securities, see Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Commercial mortgage loans (CMLs) acquired at fair value as a result of the Acquisition are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. CMLs held by the Company are diversified by property type and geographic area throughout the U.S. CMLs are considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect amounts due according to the terms of the original loan agreement. The Company assesses the impairment of loans individually for all loans in the portfolio. The Company estimates the fair value of the underlying collateral using internal valuations generally based on discounted cash flow analyses. The Company estimates an allowance for loan losses (ALL) representing potential credit losses embedded in the CML portfolio. The estimate is based on a consistently applied analysis of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration all available information, including industry, geographical, economic and political factors.
71
Income Taxes
Income taxes represent the net amount of income taxes that the Company expects to pay to or receive from various taxing jurisdictions in connection with its operations. The Company provides for Federal and state income taxes currently payable, as well as those deferred due to temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within the carryforward periods under the tax law in the applicable jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when management determines, based on available information, that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management considers all available evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Companys accounting for income taxes represents managements best estimate of the tax consequences of various events and transactions.
Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities, and in evaluating the Companys tax positions including evaluating uncertainties under the guidance for Accounting for Uncertainty in Income taxes. Under the guidance, the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit can be recorded in the financial statements. The Companys liability for income taxes includes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and interest that relate to tax years still subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other taxing authorities. We do not anticipate any significant changes within the next 12 months to our total unrecognized tax benefits related to tax years for which the statute of limitations has not expired.
Reserves for Contingencies
A contingency is an existing condition that involves a degree of uncertainty that will ultimately be resolved upon the occurrence of future events. Under GAAP, reserves for contingencies are required to be established when the future event is probable and its impact can be reasonably estimated, such as in connection with an unresolved legal matter. The initial reserve reflects managements best estimate of the probable cost of ultimate resolution of the matter and is revised accordingly as facts and circumstances change and, ultimately, when the matter is brought to closure.
OPERATIONS
Overview and strategy. Prior to July 18, 2013, we sold interest-sensitive, traditional and variable life insurance, and fixed annuities including deferred and immediate through independent master brokerage agencies. Effective January 1, 2014, we no longer offer fixed annuities such as deferred and immediate annuities, however we continue to receive deposits on existing policies.
On April 1, 2014, all of the capital stock in Lincoln Benefit was acquired by Resolution Life, Inc. Immediately prior to that closing, Lincoln Benefit signed a Partial Commutation Agreement with ALIC (the Partial Commutation), whereby we commuted certain business previously reinsured to ALIC, including: (a) all of the fixed deferred annuity, value adjusted deferred annuity and indexed deferred annuity business written by the Company that was previously reinsured to ALIC; (b) all of the life insurance business written by the Company through independent producers that was previously reinsured to ALIC, other than certain specified life business; and (c) all of the net liability of the Company with respect to the accident and health and long-term care insurance business written by the Company that was previously reinsured to ALIC.
Immediately after the announcement of the execution of the Purchase Agreement in July 2013, we ceased soliciting and selling new policies through our independent agent channel. We continued to sell new policies provided through the Allstate exclusive agency channel for a transitional period following the execution of the Purchase Agreement until they are transitioned to a new Allstate company.
72
In connection with the Acquisition, Resolution Life, Inc. and ALIC entered into a Transition Services Agreement (the TSA), pursuant to which ALIC continues to provide certain services for the Recaptured Business. In 2015, the administration of our deferred annuity and life business was outsourced to unaffiliated third-party service providers, se2, LLC and AllianceOne Services, Inc. ALIC continues to administer the ALIC Reinsured Business pursuant to the ASA.
At the closing, Lincoln Benefit entered into two transactions with Hannover Re. The first transaction provided financing for a portion of our statutory reserves associated with our universal life business with no- lapse guarantees and our level premium term life business (the AXXX/XXX Financing). The second transaction involved a reinsurance agreement with Hannover Re, structured on a combined modified coinsurance and monthly renewable term reinsurance basis.
Our parent company, Resolution Life, Inc., is focused on the management of in-force policies of life insurance companies. Pursuant to this strategy, Resolution Life, Inc. intends to acquire additional life insurance companies or runoff blocks of business from unrelated insurers. Resolution Life, Inc. may seek to combine portions of its acquired businesses in order to recognize efficiencies.
Presentation of Financial Information
The financial statements are presented for Successor and Predecessor Periods, which relate to the accounting periods after and before April 1, 2014, respectively, the date of the closing of the Acquisition. For periods after April 1, 2014, the accompanying financial statements comprise the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary. Due to the Acquisition and the application of push-down accounting, different bases of accounting have been used to prepare the Predecessor and Successor financial statements. A black line separates the Predecessor and Successor financial statements to highlight the lack of comparability between these two periods.
Diminished Comparability of Pre- and Post-Acquisition Financial Information
As a result of the Acquisition and Partial Commutation effective April 1, 2014, comparison of the results of operations for the pre- and post-acquisition periods is not meaningful. For purposes of the Management Discussion and Analysis, the Company has provided comparative analysis of the Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014. For the Results of Operations, the Company has provided summary level information for the Successor and Predecessor Periods, but has only provided more detailed analysis of the components of operations for the Successor Period.
73
Financial Position
The following table outlines amounts reported in the Companys Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 as compared to December 31, 2014:
($ in millions) | December 31, 2015 | December 31, 2014 | ||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Cash and invested assets |
$ | 9,894.2 | $ | 11,138.2 | ||||
Reinsurance recoverables |
5,984.5 | 5,695.0 | ||||||
Valuation of business acquired (VOBA) |
247.7 | 231.5 | ||||||
Deposit receivable |
1,250.3 | 1,383.4 | ||||||
Other assets |
790.9 | 688.5 | ||||||
Separate account assets |
1,395.1 | 1,573.9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Assets |
$ | 19,562.7 | $ | 20,710.5 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities |
||||||||
Future policy benefits |
$ | 4,757.7 | $ | 4,500.3 | ||||
Policyholders account balances |
11,120.6 | 11,764.3 | ||||||
ModCo payable |
1,250.3 | 1,383.4 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
608.7 | 551.6 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
95.8 | 258.0 | ||||||
Separate account liabilities |
1,395.1 | 1,573.9 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Liabilities |
$ | 19,228.2 | $ | 20,031.5 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Shareholders Equity |
||||||||
Common stock |
$ | 2.5 | $ | 2.5 | ||||
Additional paid-in capital |
593.6 | 593.6 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(154.7 | ) | 85.4 | |||||
Retained earnings |
(106.9 | ) | (2.5 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Shareholders Equity |
$ | 334.5 | $ | 679.0 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
$ | 19,562.7 | $ | 20,710.5 | ||||
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2015 vs. December 31, 2014
Assets
Total assets decreased by $1.1 billion, from $20.7 billion at December 31, 2015 to $19.6 billion at December 31, 2015. Assets decline as the closed block of policies surrender, primarily our annuities and universal life blocks. Significant variances are as follows:
Cash and invested assets decreased by $1.2 billion, from $11.1 billion at December 31, 2014 to $9.9 billion at December 31, 2015. The asset portfolio declines as policy liabilities expire or surrender. The significant components of this balance and related decrease is described below.
The Companys fixed maturities bond portfolio decreased by $1.5 billion from $9.4 billion at December 31, 2014 to and $7.9 billion at December 31, 2015. The decline is comprised of policy liability runoff and reinvestment into mortgage loans. The fixed maturities bond portfolio is comprised of approximately 75% of publicly traded securities and approximately 25% in privately placed issuances.
Mortgage loans increased by $0.4 billion from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2014 to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2015. The increase is related to reinvestment of maturing mortgage loans and fixed maturities to new mortgage loan originations to improve both yield and asset and liability matching.
74
Policy loans decreased by $7.6 million from $194.4 million at December 31, 2014 to $186.8 million at December 31, 2015. These balances are expected to continue to decline over time in conjunction with the runoff of the retained policies.
Derivatives decreased by $8.3 million from $26.0 million at December 31, 2014 to $17.7 million at December 31, 2015. These balances are comprised primarily of options and futures that are used to economically hedge the market risk inherent in the Companys equity-indexed products. These assets are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized as realized investment gains for GAAP reporting purposes. The decline in these balances is primarily related to the equity market movement in 2015 and the expected runoff of our equity-indexed policies.
Cash and short-term investments decreased by $177.2 million from $411.1 million at December 31, 2014 to $233.9 million at December 31, 2015. The amount invested in cash and short-term investments fluctuates based on liquidity needs and the timing of investment decisions. Overall, short-term investments and cash range from 1% to 3% of overall invested assets.
Reinsurance recoverables arise under GAAP because reinsurance contracts do not relieve the ceding company of legal liability to contractholders, and therefore the ceding company is required to report reinsurance recoverables arising from these contracts separately as an asset while the policyholder liabilities ceded under these contracts are reported as future policyholder benefits or policyholder account balances.
Reinsurance recoverables increased by $289.5 million from $5.7 billion at December 31, 2014 to $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2015. This increase is primarily related to growth in long-term care reserves and the increase in business written by and ceded to ALIC. In 2015, ALIC continued to write new business in Lincoln Benefit, however this business is 100% ceded to ALIC under the existing coinsurance agreement.
Additionally, the Company maintains reinsurance to limit aggregate and single losses on large risks. The Company ceded a portion of the mortality risk on certain life policies under coinsurance agreements to a pool of twelve non-affiliated reinsurers.
Valuation of Business Acquired (VOBA) arises because at the Acquisition date, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed generally are required to be measured at fair value. Fair value for financial reporting purposes is defined in ASC 820 (Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures). ASC 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market participant-based exit price measurement, and not an entity-specific measurement.
Once it has been determined that an asset exists, the VOBA as of the Acquisition date is a part of the business combination, and this asset is measured at fair value in accordance with ASC 820 (i.e., the price that would be received to sell the asset in an ordinary transaction between market participants).
The actuarial appraisal method was used to determine the VOBA by lines of business and resulted in a total VOBA of $290.8 million at the acquisition date. This was determined by projecting the present value of after tax statutory profits, discounted at a risk discount rate (RDR) of 12% and adjusted by projected cost of capital. This was compared to a fair deal RDR between 10% and 16% and determined to create a collar of reasonable values around this central value. This statutory value is then converted to VOBA by adjusting for GAAP to statutory accounting differences.
VOBA increased by $16.2 million from $231.5 million at December 31, 2014 to $247.7 at December 31, 2015. The increase is primarily attributable to the increase in the shadow adjustment resulting from the Companys increase in gross unrealized losses in 2015. VOBA balances before the impact of unrealized losses and gains were $210.9 million and $251.8 million at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Deposit receivable and ModCo Payable decreased by $133.1 million from $1.4 billion at December 31, 2014 to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2015. The deposit receivable and modco payable arise from the modified
75
coinsurance/monthly renewable term reinsurance agreement entered into with Hannover Re. For GAAP reporting purposes, a reinsurance transaction must pass significant risk to the reinsurer for a company to record a credit for liabilities ceded. The Company has determined that the reinsurance transaction with Hannover Re does not pass GAAP risk transfer requirements and therefore must account for the transaction under deposit accounting principles. Under deposit accounting, the Company is required to establish a Deposit Receivable asset on the balance sheet that represents the reinsurance recoverable with an offsetting ModCo Liability for the same amount. The decrease in the balance is consistent with the runoff of the reinsured blocks of business. We will continue to see these balances decline as the annuity blocks run off.
Other assets increased by $102.4 million from $688.5 million at December 31, 2014 to $790.9 million at December 31, 2015. The balance is primarily comprised of an intercompany note, or Vehicle Note that the Company entered into on April 1, 2014 with its affiliate Lanis LLC (Lanis) in the initial amount of $513.0 million. The Vehicle Note balance increased by $57.1 million from $551.6 million at December 31, 2014 to $608.7 million at December 31, 2015. Please see the discussion on the related Surplus Note in the Long Term Debt section below.
Separate Account assets and liabilities decreased by $178.7 million from $1.6 billion at December 31, 2014 to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2015. This decrease was primarily driven by variable annuity surrenders and benefits during the year.
The assets of Separate Accounts are carried at fair value for GAAP. Separate Accounts liabilities represent the contractholders claims to the related assets and are carried at the fair value of the assets. In the event the asset values of certain contractholder accounts are projected to be below the value guaranteed by the Company, a liability is established through a charge to earnings.
Lincoln Benefits variable annuity business and a portion of the Variable Life business is reinsured by ALIC under an existing reinsurance agreement between Lincoln Benefit and ALIC. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, all assets of the Separate Accounts that support the variable annuity and variable life business were legally insulated.
Liabilities
Total liabilities decreased by $0.8 billion, from $20.0 billion at December 31, 2014 to $19.2 billion at December 31, 2015. The decrease consists of the following components:
Future policy benefits increased by $228.8 million from $4.5 billion at December 31, 2014 to $4.8 billion at December 31, 2015. Such liabilities are established to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in-force. The increase in these liabilities is primarily related to the increase in reserves established for secondary guarantees on universal life products.
Policyholders Account Balances decreased by $0.7 billion, from $11.8 billion at December 31, 2014 to $11.1 billion at December 31, 2015 as a result of policyholder maturities and surrenders. Policyholders account balances represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life insurance and fixed annuities, and are comprised of cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.
The Company holds additional liabilities for guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB) associated with variable annuities, which are accounted for in accordance with ASC 944-20, Financial Services Insurance Activities. The reserves for certain living benefit features, including guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (GMAB) and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) are accounted for as embedded derivatives, with fair values calculated as the present value of expected future benefit payments to
76
contractholders less the present value of assessed rider fees attributable to the embedded derivative feature. This methodology could result in either a liability or contra-liability balance, given changing capital market conditions and various actuarial assumptions. The Companys GMIB, GMAB and GMWB reserves are ceded to external reinsurers (with a small amount of retained GMWB coverage related to equity indexed annuities). For additional information regarding the valuation of these optional living benefit features, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Long-Term Debt increased by $57.1 million from $551.6 million at December 31, 2014 to $608.7 million at December 31, 2015. This balance represents a surplus note that was initially issued on April 1, 2014 in the amount of $513.0 million. With the Department of Insurance approval, Lancaster Re issued a variable funding Surplus Note (the Surplus Note) to its affiliate, Lanis, for $513.0 million and acquired from Lanis a Vehicle Note (the Vehicle Note) for $513.0 million. The Vehicle Note is held to support a portion of Lancaster Res reinsurance obligations and has been authorized as an acceptable form of reinsurance collateral pursuant to Nebraska Statutes.
With Department of Insurance pre-approval, (i) the Surplus Note is increased each quarter with a corresponding increase in the Vehicle Note, and (ii) interest on the Surplus Note for the prior quarter is paid on the first day of each subsequent quarter at a rate consistent with the rate received on the Vehicle Note of 4%. The Surplus Note and Vehicle Note increased by $57.1 million in 2015, primarily related to the increase in statutory universal life secondary guarantee reserves and term reserves. The Surplus Note is unsecured and subordinated to all present and future indebtedness, policy claims and other creditor claims of Lancaster Re.
Other liabilities decreased from $229.4 million at December 31, 2014 to $95.8 million at December 31, 2015. This balance consists of various policyholder related liabilities, other liability balances related to general expenses, unsettled trades, etc. and the net deferred tax liability. The decrease in this balance is comprised of a decrease in our deferred income tax liability, a decrease in securities payable and a decrease in cash overdrafts. The decrease in the deferred income tax liability as of December 31, 2015 is driven by the increase in unrealized losses in 2015.
Results of Operations
The following table outlines amounts reported in Net Income for the Successor and Predecessor Periods (Successor and Predecessor Periods are not comparable):
Successor Period | Predecessor Period | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
For the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
For the year ended December 31, 2013 |
||||||||||||
Income before federal income tax |
$ | 128.7 | $ | 44.9 | $ | 2.6 | $ | 10.9 | ||||||||
Federal income taxes |
46.1 | 14.2 | 0.9 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 82.6 | $ | 30.7 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 7.1 | ||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss)(OCI) |
(240.2 | ) | 85.5 | 1.4 | (9.9 | ) | ||||||||||
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
$ | (157.6 | ) | $ | 116.2 | $ | 3.1 | $ | (2.8 | ) | ||||||
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|
|
|
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Results of Operations Successor Period
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
Net income of $82.7 million was primarily derived from net realized capital gains arising from strategic reinvestment and our investment portfolio resegmentation in 2015 to better align our asset and liability cash flows. Other comprehensive loss of $240.2 million for year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily related to the increase in our net unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $487.0 million due to an increase in market yields on investments, partially offset by shadow adjustments related to VOBA and SOP 03-01 liabilities of $117.0 million.
For the Period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014
Net income of $30.7 million for nine months of the Successor Period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 was driven by realized capital gains, net of changes in future policy benefits and VOBA and release of product margins.
Other comprehensive income for the nine months from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 was primarily driven by unrealized gains on fixed maturities of $159.2 million as interest rates declined, partially offset by shadow adjustments related to VOBA and SOP 03-01 liabilities of $27.8 million.
The significant components of income in the Successor Period are summarized below.
Successor Period | ||||||||
($ in millions) | For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Revenues |
||||||||
Premiums earned |
$ | 8.8 | $ | 20.4 | ||||
Fee income from policyholders |
353.9 | 259.2 | ||||||
Net investment income |
398.9 | 288.6 | ||||||
Realized investment gains |
113.5 | 46.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total revenues |
$ | 875.1 | $ | 614.2 | ||||
Expenses |
||||||||
Policyholder benefits |
$ | 351.7 | $ | 216.6 | ||||
Interest credited to policyholders |
301.1 | 256.7 | ||||||
Other operating expenses |
52.7 | 57.0 | ||||||
Amortization of VOBA |
40.9 | 39.0 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total expenses |
$ | 746.4 | $ | 569.3 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net Income before Federal Income Taxes |
$ | 128.7 | $ | 44.9 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Premiums Earned and Fee Income
Premiums earned were $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $20.4 for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. These premium relate primarily to traditional life and health insurance products and immediate annuities. Premiums from these products are recognized as revenue when received at the inception of the contract. Premiums earned are net of reinsurance premiums paid on the ceded business. We will continue to see premiums decline as we pay higher reinsurance premiums on universal life secondary guarantee and term life business.
Fee income from policyholders was $353.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $259.2 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. The fee income from policyholders consists
78
of fees assessed against the policyholder account balance for the cost of insurance (mortality risk), contract administration and surrender of the policy prior to contractually specified dates. These charges are recognized as revenue when assessed against the policyholder account balance. Fee income has been consistent on a quarterly basis since Acquisition.
Net investment income was $398.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $288.6 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Net investment income was attributable to the following asset types:
($ in millions) | For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Fixed income securities |
$ | 334.9 | $ | 232.0 | ||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
63.0 | 49.4 | ||||||
Cash & short-term investments |
0.5 | 4.8 | ||||||
Other |
9.6 | 7.4 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gross investment income |
$ | 408.0 | $ | 293.6 | ||||
Investment expenses |
$ | 9.1 | $ | 5.0 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net investment income |
$ | 398.9 | $ | 288.6 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Overall, net investment income has increased in 2015 primarily due to reinvestment efforts to better match asset and liability cash flows and to improve overall portfolio yield. Average yields have increased by asset type in 2015.
Realized investment gains were $113.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $46.0 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014. The net realized gains in 2015 were related to asset liability management initiatives to improve yields and better match assets and liabilities.
Policyholder benefits were $351.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $216.6 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 includes both incurred claims and the change in liability for future policy benefits. Incurred claims decreased in 2015 compared to 2014 as mortality experience improved, but was offset by an increase in the change in the liability for future policy benefits related to secondary guarantees on universal life products.
Interest credited to policyholders was $301.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $256.7 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 and represents interest credited to liabilities arising from interest-sensitive life insurance and annuities products. Interest credited to policyholders decreased in 2015 due to lower account values resulting from runoff of business and lower amounts credited to the Companys equity-indexed annuity products, relating to equity market performance.
Operating and acquisition expenses were $52.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $57.0 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. These expenses are comprised of general operating expenses, premium taxes, and other fees associated with reinsurance. Amortization of VOBA was $40.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $39.0 million for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014. Operating and acquisition expenses for the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 included initial separation costs that will not be incurred in subsequent periods.
79
Other Information Related to Successor Period
The following table presents surrender and withdrawal amounts and rates for major insurance product lines for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014:
For the year ended December 31, 2015 |
For the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
|||||||||||||||
Amounts ($ in millions) |
Rate | Amounts ($ in millions) |
Rate | |||||||||||||
Annuities |
$ | 784.3 | 13.2 | % | $ | 866.2 | 16.7 | % | ||||||||
Variable and interest sensitive life |
$ | 129.5 | 3.8 | % | $ | 112.0 | 4.2 | % |
Surrender rates have decreased in 2015 due primarily on equity based products. Higher surrenders were reported in 2014 for products reaching the end of specific guarantee periods (i.e., expiry of market value adjustments).
General Account Investment Portfolio
The General Account Investment Assets (GAIA) portfolio consists of a well-diversified portfolio of public and private fixed maturities, commercial mortgages and other loans and other invested assets. The General Account portfolios and investment results support the insurance liabilities of Lincoln Benefits business operations. The following table reconciles the balance sheet asset amounts to GAIA:
($ in millions) | December 31, 2015 |
December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value |
$ | 7,945.9 | $ | 9,390.6 | ||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
$ | 1,509.1 | $ | 1,115.2 | ||||
Policy loans |
$ | 186.8 | $ | 194.4 | ||||
Short-term investments |
$ | 184.8 | $ | 361.4 | ||||
Other invested assets |
$ | 18.5 | $ | 26.9 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Investments |
$ | 9,845.1 | $ | 11,088.5 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Assets listed in the Other category principally consist of derivative assets |
Investment Results of General Account Investment Assets
The following table summarizes investment results by asset category for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014:
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
For the Period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 |
|||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield(1) | ||||||||||||
Fixed income securities |
$ | 334.9 | 3.88 | % | $ | 232.0 | 3.48 | % | ||||||||
Commercial mortgage loans |
$ | 63.0 | 3.66 | % | $ | 49.4 | 3.14 | % | ||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments |
$ | 0.5 | 0.28 | % | $ | 4.8 | 0.36 | % | ||||||||
Other investment (loss) income |
$ | 9.6 | $ | 7.4 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Gross investment income |
$ | 408.0 | $ | 293.6 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
(1) | Annualized |
Fixed Maturities
The fixed maturity portfolio consists largely of investment grade corporate debt securities and includes significant amounts of U.S. government and agency obligations. At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, GAIA held CMBS with an amortized cost of $513 million and $331 million, respectively.
80
Fixed Maturities by Industry
The General Account fixed maturities portfolios include publicly-traded and privately-placed corporate debt securities across an array of industry categories. The following tables set forth these fixed maturities by industry category as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 along with their associated gross unrealized gains and losses:
December 31, 2015 ($ in millions) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 163.1 | $ | 5.6 | $ | (0.1 | ) | $ | 168.6 | |||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
712.9 | 14.8 | (7.0 | ) | 720.7 | |||||||||||
Foreign Governments |
72.0 | 0.2 | (10.6 | ) | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Corporate securities |
||||||||||||||||
Basic Materials |
406.8 | 0.9 | (56.2 | ) | 351.5 | |||||||||||
Communications |
556.1 | 1.1 | (37.2 | ) | 520.0 | |||||||||||
Consumer, Cyclical |
464.7 | 2.9 | (13.8 | ) | 453.8 | |||||||||||
Consumer, Non-cyclical |
825.1 | 7.4 | (21.8 | ) | 810.7 | |||||||||||
Diversified |
19.2 | 0.1 | (0.1 | ) | 19.2 | |||||||||||
Energy |
801.2 | 0.3 | (151.6 | ) | 649.9 | |||||||||||
Financial |
1,287.8 | 5.8 | (36.5 | ) | 1,257.1 | |||||||||||
Industrial |
1,063.4 | 9.1 | (15.2 | ) | 1,057.3 | |||||||||||
Technology |
236.8 | 1.7 | (9.0 | ) | 229.5 | |||||||||||
Utilities |
399.6 | 2.0 | (11.9 | ) | 389.7 | |||||||||||
ABS |
542.5 | 2.5 | (8.2 | ) | 536.8 | |||||||||||
CMBS |
513.3 | 0.6 | (7.2 | ) | 506.7 | |||||||||||
RMBS |
209.7 | 4.6 | (1.5 | ) | 212.8 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 8,274.2 | $ | 59.6 | $ | (387.9 | ) | $ | 7,945.9 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2014 ($ in millions) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Authority and Agencies |
$ | 287.1 | $ | 20.9 | $ | | $ | 308.0 | ||||||||
Obligations of U.S. States and Political Subdivisions |
517.4 | 26.9 | (0.6 | ) | 543.7 | |||||||||||
Foreign Governments |
250.0 | 5.6 | (0.4 | ) | 255.2 | |||||||||||
Corporate securities |
||||||||||||||||
Basic Materials |
558.6 | 9.0 | (4.0 | ) | 563.6 | |||||||||||
Communications |
567.0 | 11.2 | (2.4 | ) | 575.8 | |||||||||||
Consumer, Cyclical |
470.0 | 9.0 | (1.0 | ) | 478.0 | |||||||||||
Consumer, Non-cyclical |
1,156.9 | 29.8 | (0.8 | ) | 1,185.9 | |||||||||||
Diversified |
17.2 | 0.2 | | 17.4 | ||||||||||||
Energy |
923.2 | 6.8 | (19.1 | ) | 910.9 | |||||||||||
Financial |
1,028.7 | 19.1 | (1.1 | ) | 1,046.7 | |||||||||||
Industrial |
1,668.4 | 30.3 | (3.4 | ) | 1,695.3 | |||||||||||
Technology |
208.5 | 2.8 | (0.4 | ) | 210.9 | |||||||||||
Utilities |
680.9 | 14.4 | (1.9 | ) | 693.4 | |||||||||||
ABS |
378.9 | 6.1 | (2.4 | ) | 382.6 | |||||||||||
CMBS |
331.0 | 3.5 | (1.1 | ) | 333.4 | |||||||||||
RMBS |
188.1 | 2.8 | (1.1 | ) | 189.8 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 9,231.6 | $ | 198.4 | $ | (39.7 | ) | $ | 9,390.6 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross unrealized losses increased by $348.2 million from $39.7 million at December 31, 2014 to $387.9 million at December 31, 2015. The increase in unrealized losses was primarily due to a rise in interest rates in 2015 and a
81
general widening in credit spreads in select industries (especially in the energy and metals & mining sectors) and credits during the year ended December 31, 2015. The 10-year treasury yield curve rates at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were 2.27% and 2.17%, respectively.
Fixed Maturities by Credit Quality
The Securities Valuation Office (SVO) of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) evaluates the investments of insurers for regulatory reporting purposes and assigns fixed maturity securities to one of six categories (NAIC Designations). NAIC designations of 1 or 2 include fixed maturities considered investment grade, which include securities rated Baa3 or higher by Moodys or BBB- or higher by Standard & Poors. NAIC Designations of 3 through 6 are referred to as below investment grade, which include securities rated Ba1 or lower by Moodys and BB+ or lower by Standard & Poors. As a result of time lags between the funding of investments, the finalization of legal documents and the completion of the SVO filing process, the fixed maturity portfolio generally includes securities that have not yet been rated by the SVO as of each balance sheet date. Pending receipt of SVO ratings, the categorization of these securities by NAIC designation is based on the expected ratings indicated by internal analysis.
The following table sets forth the General Accounts fixed maturities by NAIC rating at the dates indicated:
December 31, 2015 ($ in millions) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
||||||||||||||
NAIC Rating | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | Aaa, Aa, A |
$ | 3,170.2 | $ | 34.7 | $ | (65.6 | ) | $ | 3,139.3 | ||||||||
2 | Baa |
3,430.2 | 15.5 | (268.7 | ) | 3,177.0 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Investment grade |
$ | 6,600.4 | $ | 50.2 | $ | (334.3 | ) | $ | 6,316.3 | |||||||||
3 | Ba |
391.7 | 1.0 | (33.8 | ) | 358.9 | ||||||||||||
4 | B |
16.6 | 0.7 | (2.8 | ) | 14.5 | ||||||||||||
5 | C and lower |
| | | | |||||||||||||
6 | In or near default |
| | | | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Below investment grade |
$ | 408.3 | $ | 1.7 | $ | (36.6 | ) | $ | 373.4 | |||||||||
Total before asset and mortgage-backed securities |
$ | 7,008.7 | $ | 51.9 | $ | (370.9 | ) | $ | 6,689.7 | |||||||||
Asset and mortgage-backed securities |
1,265.5 | 7.7 | (17.0 | ) | 1,256.3 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 8,274.2 | $ | 59.6 | $ | (387.9 | ) | $ | 7,945.9 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2014 ($ in millions) |
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gains |
Gross Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
||||||||||||||
NAIC Rating | ||||||||||||||||||
1 | Aaa, Aa, A |
$ | 4,287.4 | $ | 124.6 | $ | (4.9 | ) | $ | 4,407.1 | ||||||||
2 | Baa |
3,611.9 | 58.2 | (20.4 | ) | 3,649.7 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Investment grade |
$ | 7,899.3 | $ | 182.8 | $ | (25.3 | ) | $ | 8,056.8 | |||||||||
3 | Ba |
393.6 | 2.3 | (9.0 | ) | 386.9 | ||||||||||||
4 | B |
36.3 | 0.8 | (0.8 | ) | 36.3 | ||||||||||||
5 | C and lower |
4.7 | | (0.1 | ) | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
6 | In or near default |
| | | | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Below investment grade |
$ | 434.6 | $ | 3.1 | $ | (9.9 | ) | $ | 427.8 | |||||||||
Total before asset and mortgage-backed securities |
$ | 8,333.9 | $ | 185.9 | $ | (35.2 | ) | $ | 8,484.6 | |||||||||
Asset and mortgage-backed securities |
898.0 | 12.5 | (4.5 | ) | 906.0 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total fixed maturities |
$ | 9,231.9 | $ | 198.4 | $ | (39.7 | ) | $ | 9,390.6 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82
Below investment grade fixed maturities represented 9.4% and 25.0% of the gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Commercial Mortgage Loans
At December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, approximately 15.3% and 10.1% of GAIA were in commercial mortgage loans. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the carrying value of commercial mortgage loans was $1,509.1 million and $1,115.2 million, respectively.
The investment strategy for the mortgage loan portfolio emphasizes diversification by property type and geographic location with a primary focus on asset quality. The table below shows the breakdown of the amortized cost of the General Accounts investments in mortgage loans by geographic region as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
($ in millions) | December 31, 2015 |
December 31, 2014 |
||||||
Alabama |
$ | 1.5 | $ | 1.8 | ||||
Arizona |
34.9 | 35.5 | ||||||
California |
336.3 | 255.6 | ||||||
Colorado |
57.2 | 22.4 | ||||||
Connecticut |
25.3 | | ||||||
Florida |
86.7 | 20.8 | ||||||
Georgia |
67.2 | 27.5 | ||||||
Hawaii |
7.1 | 8.1 | ||||||
Illinois |
92.8 | 53.2 | ||||||
Iowa |
1.3 | 1.5 | ||||||
Kansas |
9.2 | | ||||||
Kentucky |
7.7 | 8.3 | ||||||
Maine |
3.9 | 4.1 | ||||||
Maryland |
33.8 | 35.5 | ||||||
Massachusetts |
90.9 | 92.9 | ||||||
Minnesota |
148.3 | 52.5 | ||||||
Missouri |
| 9.3 | ||||||
Nevada |
14.3 | 14.7 | ||||||
New Jersey |
68.7 | 84.0 | ||||||
New York |
94.9 | 72.6 | ||||||
North Carolina |
58.1 | 31.1 | ||||||
Ohio |
37.0 | 38.4 | ||||||
Oklahoma |
10.8 | 10.8 | ||||||
Pennsylvania |
42.0 | 37.7 | ||||||
South Carolina |
2.5 | 3.2 | ||||||
Tennessee |
5.3 | 5.7 | ||||||
Texas |
107.3 | 103.8 | ||||||
Utah |
44.4 | 45.9 | ||||||
Virginia |
2.4 | 18.6 | ||||||
Washington |
11.6 | 13.1 | ||||||
Wisconsin |
5.7 | 6.6 | ||||||
General allowance for loan loss |
| | ||||||
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Total commercial mortgage loans |
$ | 1,509.1 | $ | 1,115.2 | ||||
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Commercial Mortgage Loan by Credit Quality
The values used in these ratio calculations were developed as part of the periodic review of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio, which includes an evaluation of the underlying collateral value as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
December 31, 2015 | Recorded Investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratios | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | > 1.20x | 1.00x - 1.20x | < 1.00x | Total | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loan-to-value ratios: |
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Less than 65% |
$ | 869.5 | $ | 85.9 | $ | 19.8 | $ | 975.3 | 64.6 | % | $ | 1,000.9 | 65.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
65% to 75% |
508.5 | 25.4 | | 533.9 | 35.4 | 535.7 | 34.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
76% to 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 1,378.0 | $ | 111.3 | $ | 19.8 | $ | 1,509.1 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,536.6 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
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December 31, 2014 | Recorded Investment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage Ratios | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | > 1.20x | 1.00x - 1.20x | < 1.00x | Total | % of Total | Estimated Fair Value | % of Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
Loan-to-value ratios: |
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Less than 65% |
$ | 930.6 | $ | 151.7 | $ | 29.5 | $ | 1,111.8 | 97.6 | % | $ | 1,146.0 | 97.6 | % | ||||||||||||||
65% to 75% |
16.6 | 10.5 | | 27.1 | 2.4 | % | 28.3 | 2.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
76% to 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | % | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 80% |
| | | | 0.0 | % | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 947.2 | $ | 162.2 | $ | 29.5 | $ | 1,138.9 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,174.3 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
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All of our mortgage loans that have a debt service coverage ratio of less than 1.0 are performing under the original contractual loan terms at December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, there were no mortgage loans classified as problem loans or considered a troubled debt restructuring.
Results of Operations Predecessor Period
Net income Net income for the period January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 is presented in the following table:
($ in thousands) | For the period January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 |
2013 | ||||||
Net investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$ | 2,350 | $ | 10,935 | ||||
Realized capital gains and losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
285 | | ||||||
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
(922 | ) | (3,825 | ) | ||||
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Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$ | 1,713 | $ | 7,110 | ||||
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Under reinsurance agreements all premiums, contract charges, interest credited to policyholders account balances, contract benefits and substantially all expenses were ceded to ALIC, Lincoln Benefit Reinsurance Company (LB Re, an affiliate of Lincoln Benefit during the Predecessor Period) and other non-affiliated reinsurers, and were reflected net of such reinsurance in the Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Results of operations included net investment income and realized capital gains and losses recognized in connection with the assets that were not transferred under the reinsurance agreements.
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Net income in the ninety day period ended March 31, 2014 was $1.7 million including net investment income and realized capital gains. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased 10.5% in 2013 due to lower net investment income and the absence of net realized capital gains in 2013.
Net investment income The following table presents net investment income for the period January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2013.
($ in thousands) | For the period January 1, 2014 through |
2013 | ||||||
Fixed maturities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$ | 2,461 | $ | 11,545 | ||||
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
16 | 23 | ||||||
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Investment income, before expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2,477 | 11,568 | ||||||
Investment expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
(127 | ) | (633 | ) | ||||
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Net investment income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$ | 2,350 | $ | 10,935 | ||||
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Net investment income was $2.4 million for the ninety-day period and $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Both periods were impacted by lower yields.
Realized capital gains and losses were $0.3 million in the ninety-day period, primarily related to sales of investments and netted to zero in 2013 with gains from sales offsetting impairment write-downs.
MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in interest rates or credit spreads. We also have certain exposures to changes in equity prices in our equity-indexed annuities and separate accounts liabilities.
Overview. In formulating and implementing guidelines for investing funds, we seek to earn returns that contribute to stable profits while also meeting the future cash flow requirements of our liabilities.
We use quantitative and qualitative market-based approaches to measure, monitor and manage market risk. We evaluate our exposure to market risk through the use of multiple measures including but not limited to duration, earnings- and capital-at-risk, scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis. Duration measures the price sensitivity of assets or liabilities to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase 100 basis points, the fair value of an asset with a duration of 5 is expected to decrease in value by 5%. Earnings- and capital-at-risk are estimates of the change in earnings or capital that might be expected to emerge over a given time horizon in various defined stress tests. Scenario analysis estimates the potential changes in the value of various financial parameters that could occur under different hypothetical market conditions defined by changes to the market risk factors of interest rates and credit spreads. Sensitivity analysis estimates the potential changes in the value of various financial parameters that could occur under different hypothetical shocks to a market risk factor. In general, we establish investment portfolio asset allocation and market risk limits based upon a combination of duration, earnings- and capital-at-risk, scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis as well as a consideration of liquidity and diversification. The asset allocation limits place restrictions on the total funds that may be invested within an asset class. Comprehensive day-to-day management of market risk within defined tolerance ranges occurs as portfolio managers buy and sell within their respective markets based upon the acceptable boundaries established by investment and other risk policies.
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Interest rate risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to adverse changes in interest rates. This risk arises when our investments are not fully matched to our liabilities, or when characteristics of the assets or liabilities change. Interest rate risk includes risks related to changes in U.S. Treasury yields and other key risk- free reference yields.
One of the measures used to quantify interest rate exposure is duration. To estimate asset durations, we project asset cash flows and calculate their net present value using a risk-free market interest rate adjusted for credit quality, sector attributes, liquidity and other specific risks. Duration is calculated by revaluing these cash flows at alternative interest rates and determining the percentage change in aggregate value. The asset projections include assumptions (based upon historical market experience and our experience) that are intended to reflect the effect of changing interest rates on the prepayment, leverage and/or option features of instruments, where applicable. The preceding assumptions relate primarily to mortgage-backed securities, and municipal and corporate obligations. Our asset duration was 6.2 years as of December 31, 2015 and 5.7 years as of December 31, 2014, respectively.
The difference between asset and liability duration is called the duration gap and is a measure of the mismatch between asset and liabilities. At the current time, because our asset durations are shorter than our liability durations, lower interest rate environments will in general result in more adverse financial outcomes than higher interest rate environments.
Based upon the information and assumptions used in the duration calculation, and interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that a 100 basis point immediate, parallel fall in interest rates (rate shock) would increase the net fair value of the assets by $620 million, compared to $630 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease is due to a decrease in the amount and mix of invested assets as the portfolio runs off over time. However, given the duration of our assets is shorter than the duration of our liabilities, lower interest rates will result in lower investment income on assets purchased in the future, resulting in a lower net investment income from the lower interest rates. The selection of a 100 basis point immediate, parallel change in interest rates should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.
To the extent that conditions differ from the assumptions we used in these calculations, duration and rate shock measures could be significantly impacted. Additionally, our calculations assume that the current relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates (the term structure of interest rates) will remain constant over time. As a result, these calculations may not fully capture the effect of non-parallel changes in the term structure of interest rates and/or large changes in interest rates.
Credit spread risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to adverse changes in credit spreads (spreads). This risk arises from our investment in spread-sensitive fixed income assets.
We manage the spread risk in our assets. One of the measures used to quantify this exposure is spread duration. Spread duration measures the price sensitivity of the assets to changes in spreads. For example, if spreads increase 100 basis points, the fair value of an asset exhibiting a spread duration of 5 is expected to decrease in value by 5%. Losses due to credit spread duration result only if there is a requirement to sell assets (for example, to pay claims) prior to maturity at a time when the fair market value of assets is low due to higher credit spreads.
Spread duration is calculated similarly to interest rate duration. For our portfolio, spread duration is close to the asset duration, and thus has a similar sensitivity. As of December 31, 2015, the spread duration of assets was 6.7 years, compared to 5.7 years as of December 31, 2014. Based upon the information and assumptions we use in this spread duration calculation, and spreads in effect as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that a 100 basis point immediate, parallel increase in spreads across all asset classes, industry sectors
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and credit ratings (spread shock) would decrease the net fair value of the assets by $670 million as of December 31, 2015 compared to $630 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease is due to a decrease in the amount and mix of invested assets as the portfolio runs off over time.
The selection of a 100 basis point immediate parallel change in spreads should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but only as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.
Credit default risk is the risk that we will incur a loss due to non-payment of principal or interest by a borrower on a specific financial instrument we own. This risk arises primarily from our investments in fixed income securities (for example, corporate bonds) and commercial mortgage loans.
We manage credit default risk through monitoring of the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers of the securities and loans we are invested in. We use diversification to reduce credit default risk by spreading the risk across different borrowers, different industries, and different geographical locations. Furthermore, we constrain credit default risk through limits on the amount of securities and loans we own with specific credit ratings. Credit defaults may be recognized by the Company in income prior to an actual default by the underlying borrower.
A credit default loss of 1% on the portfolio would result in a loss of $74 million as of December 31, 2015, compared to $84 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease is due to a decrease in the amount and mix of invested assets as the portfolio runs off over time. The selection of 1% should not be construed as our prediction of future market events, but as an illustration of the potential effect of such an event.
Equity price risk is the risk that we will incur losses due to adverse changes in the general levels of the equity markets. Equity risk exists for contract charges based on account balances as well as for guarantees for living, death and/or income benefits provided by our variable and equity indexed products.
Our variable life products are partially reinsured to ALIC. For the products that are retained, there is equity exposure to contract charges and fees that are based on separate account values, but there is only small exposure to guarantees.
All variable annuity contract charges and fees, liabilities and benefits, including guarantees for death and/or income benefits, are ceded to ALIC in accordance with the reinsurance agreements, thereby limiting our equity risk exposure. In 2006, ALIC disposed of substantially all of its variable annuity business through reinsurance agreements with The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial, Inc. and therefore mitigated this aspect of ALICs risk. The Company was not a direct participant of this agreement and its reinsurance agreements with ALIC remain unchanged. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had Separate Accounts assets related to variable annuity and variable life contracts totaling $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively.
As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $1.6 billion and $1.8 billion in equity-indexed life and annuity liabilities that were not reinsured that provide customers with interest crediting rates based on the performance of the S&P 500, respectively. We maintain a hedging program that aims to offset the impact of equity market performance on the value of these guarantees. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had $17.7 million and $26.0 million in market value of S&P 500 options and futures under the hedging program, respectively.
Counterparty credit risk relates to the Companys potential loss if a counterparty fails to perform under the terms of a contract. The Company manages its exposure to counterparty credit risk by utilizing highly rated counterparties, establishing risk control limits, executing legally enforceable master agreements and obtaining collateral where appropriate.
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Lincoln Benefits counterparty risk consists of the following two types of exposures: (1) Derivative counterparty risk: The Company only holds future contracts and option contracts which are traded on organized exchanges, which require margin deposits and guarantee the execution of trades, thereby mitigating potential credit risk. Exchanges serve as a marketplace for the buyer and the seller. The associated clearing house sits between the two sides of the trade. The Company has not incurred any losses on derivative financial instruments due to counterparty nonperformance in 2015 or 2014; and (2) Reinsurance counterparty risk. The reinsurance counterparty risk is the risk of the reinsurance counterparty failing to pay reinsurance recoveries in full to Lincoln Benefit in a timely manner (i.e., unwillingness to pay, not paying them in full or inability to pay.) We attempt to mitigate this risk by diversifying the risk with multiple reinsurers and monitoring their credit ratings.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Capital resources consist of shareholders equity. The following table summarizes our capital resources as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
($ in millions) | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||
Common stock, retained earnings and additional paid-in capital |
$ | 489.2 | $ | 593.5 | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
(154.7 | ) | 85.5 | |||||
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$ | 334.5 | $ | 679.0 | |||||
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Shareholders equity decreased in 2015 primarily due to unrealized capital losses and payment of dividends to our parent, offset by net income. Shareholders equity in 2014 increased primarily due to additional paid in capital resulting from the Acquisition and unrealized capital gains, offset by a dividend to our parent.
Financial strength ratings. Our financial strength ratings as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, were A- from A.M. Best Company, Inc. and BBB+ from Standard & Poors Ratings Services, both with a stable outlook. These ratings reflect the rating agencies opinions of our relative financial strength and are not a recommendation to buy or hold any investment. Ratings may be revised or revoked at any time at the sole discretion of the issuing rating agency.
The NAIC has developed a set of financial relationships or tests known as the Insurance Regulatory Information System to assist state regulators in monitoring the financial condition of insurance companies and identifying companies that require special attention or actions by insurance regulatory authorities. The NAIC analyzes financial data provided by insurance companies using prescribed ratios, each with defined usual ranges. Generally, regulators will begin to monitor an insurance company if its ratios fall outside the usual ranges for four or more of the ratios. If an insurance company has insufficient capital, regulators may act to reduce the amount of insurance it can issue. Our ratios are within these ranges.
Liquidity sources and uses. Our potential sources of funds principally include the following:
| Receipt of insurance premiums |
| Contractholder fund deposits |
| Reinsurance recoveries |
| Receipts of principal and interest on investments |
| Maturity or sales of investments |
Our potential uses of funds principally include the following.
| Payment of contract benefits, surrenders and withdrawals |
| Reinsurance cessions and payments |
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| Operating costs and expenses |
| Purchase of investments |
| Repayment of intercompany balances |
| Dividends to parent |
| Tax payments/settlements |
Cash flows. As reflected in our Statements of Cash Flows, net cash provided by operating activities was $34 million, $96 million, $10 million and $16 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2015, the nine-month period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014, the three months ended March 31, 2014, and the year ended December 31, 2013, respectively. Fluctuations in net cash provided by operating activities primarily occur as a result of changes in net investment income and differences in the timing of reinsurance payments as well as cash contributions resulting from the Acquisition. Prior to 2014, fluctuations in net cash provided by operating activities primarily occurred as a result of changes in net investment income and differences in the timing of reinsurance payments to and from ALIC and payments to Allstate affiliates.
Prior to our acquisition by Resolution Life, under the terms of reinsurance agreements, all premiums and deposits, excluding variable annuity and life contract deposits allocated to separate accounts and those reinsured to non-affiliated reinsurers, were transferred to ALIC, which maintained the investment portfolios supporting our products. Payments of contractholder claims, benefits, contract surrenders and withdrawals and certain operating costs (excluding investment-related expenses), were reimbursed by ALIC, under the terms of the reinsurance agreements. Notwithstanding any reinsurance arrangements, we continue to have primary liability as a direct insurer for risks reinsured. Our ability to meet liquidity demands is dependent on reinsurers ability to meet those obligations under the reinsurance programs.
Our ability to pay dividends is dependent on business conditions, income, cash requirements and other relevant factors. The payment of shareholder dividends without the prior approval of the state insurance regulator is limited by Nebraska law to formula amounts based on net income and capital and surplus, determined in conformity with statutory accounting practices, as well as the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding twelve months. In addition, in connection with its approval of our acquisition by Resolution Life, the Department of Insurance order requires prior approval to pay any dividend for five years following the Acquisition. After receiving approval from the Department of Insurance, the Company paid dividends of $187.0 million and $33.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014, respectively. No dividends were paid in 2013.
Contractual obligations. Due to the reinsurance agreements that we have in place, certain contractual obligations are ceded to ALIC, Hannover and other non-affiliated reinsurers.
REGULATION AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are subject to extensive regulation and we are involved in various legal and regulatory actions, all of which have an effect on specific aspects of our business. For a detailed discussion of the legal and regulatory actions in which we are involved, see Note 12 of the financial statements.
PENDING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
There are pending accounting standards that we have not implemented because the implementation date has not yet occurred. For a discussion of these pending standards, see Note 2 in the consolidated financial statements. The effect of implementing certain accounting standards on our financial results and financial condition is often based in part on market conditions at the time of implementation of the standard and other factors we are unable to determine prior to implementation. For this reason, we are sometimes unable to estimate the effect of certain pending accounting standards until the relevant authoritative body finalizes these standards or until we implement them.
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Item 11(i). | Changes in or Disagreements with Accountants |
None.
Item 11(j). | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
Information required for Item 11(j) is incorporated by reference to the material under the caption Market Risk in Item 11(h) of this report.
Item 11(k). | Directors and Executive Officers |
The biographies of each of the directors and executive officers as of April 1, 2016 are included below.
Clive Cowdery, 52, has been a director since April 2014. Mr. Cowdery is also a director and President of both Resolution Life GP Ltd. and Resolution Life (Parallel) GP Ltd., and a director of both Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. He is the Founder and Chairman of The Resolution Group. Before founding Resolution in 2003, Mr. Cowdery served as Chairman and Chief Executive of GE Insurance Holdings. Mr. Cowdery currently serves as a director of Prospect Publishing Limited, and he is the Founder and Chairman of the Resolution Foundation, a charitable organization dedicated to improving living standards for the 15 million people in Britain on low and middle incomes.
Jon Hack, 48, has been a director since April 2014. Mr. Hack is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and a director of Resolution Life, Inc. He currently serves as the Managing Partner for The Resolution Group. Prior to joining Resolution in 2009, Mr. Hack was a Managing Director and Head of European Financial Institutions Group for Lazard. Mr. Hack qualified as a chartered accountant in 1992 and is a member of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales.
Ann Frohman, 52, has been a director since April 2014. Ms. Frohman is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and a director of Resolution Life, Inc. Ms. Frohman is currently self-employed at Frohman Law Office LLC, a law and government relations firm. From December 2010 to March 2012, Ms. Frohman served as Senior Vice President, Government and Industry for Physicians Mutual and Physicians Life Insurance Companies. Prior to that, Ms. Frohman held a number of leadership positions with the Nebraska Department of Insurance, including Director. Ms. Frohman is a licensed attorney with the Nebraska State Bar Association. Ms. Frohman has advised Resolution on issues of Nebraska law from time to time and expects to do so in the future.
Robert Stein, 67, has been a director since April 2014. Mr. Stein is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and a director of Resolution Life, Inc. From November 1976 to September 2011, Mr. Stein held various positions at Ernst & Young, including Partner. He currently serves on the boards of directors of Assurant, Inc. and Aviva plc. Mr. Stein is an actuary and a Certified Public Accountant. He is a Fellow of the Society of Actuaries and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Grace Vandecruze, 52, has been a director since April 2014. Ms. Vandecruze is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. Since 2006, Ms. Vandecruze has been employed with Grace Global Capital LLC, where she currently serves as Managing Director. Prior to that, she served as Managing Director at Fox-Pitt, Kelton and Vice President at Head & Company LLC. Ms. Vandecruze is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Richard Carbone, 68, has been a director since April 2014. Mr. Carbone is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and a director of Resolution Life, Inc. Prior to joining Lincoln Benefit, Mr. Carbone served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Prudential Financial, Inc. and The Prudential Insurance Company of America. He also served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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of Prudential Financial, Inc. from November 2001 to January 2008 and Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Prudential Insurance Company of America from July 1997 to January 2008. Prior to that, Mr. Carbone held various leadership roles at Salomon, Inc., Bankers Trust New York Corporation and Bankers Trust Company. Mr. Carbone is a member of the board of directors for E*Trade Financial Corporation. Mr. Carbone is a Certified Public Accountant (inactive).
Stephen Campbell, 49, has been a director since October 2015, and prior to that Mr. Campbell had been a director from May 2014 through May 2015. Mr. Campbell is also a director of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and a director of Resolution Life, Inc. From July 2015 through September 2015, Mr. Campbell was a counselor in the domestic finance office of the U.S. Department of Treasury. Since July 2013, Mr. Campbell has been self-employed as a consultant and investor. Prior to that, he was an Investment Banker with Lazard Freres & Co. from 2002 to July 2013. Mr. Campbell currently serves as a member of the board of directors for Hardscuffle, Inc. and American Life & Accident Insurance Company of Kentucky.
W. Weldon Wilson, 55, has been a director and Chief Executive Officer since April 2014. Mr. Wilson also serves as a director and Chief Executive Officer for Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. From 2010 to 2013, he was self-employed as a consultant. From July 1991 to December 2009, Mr. Wilson held various positions at Swiss Reinsurance Company, including Chief Executive Officer, President and Director of Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. He is a licensed attorney with the State Bar of Texas.
Robyn Wyatt, 51, has been Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since April 2014. Ms. Wyatt also serves as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of both Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. From March 2002 to September 2013, Ms. Wyatt held positions with various affiliates of Swiss Reinsurance Company, including Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of Swiss Re Life & Health America Inc. Prior to that, she served as Vice President and Chief Accountant of Manulife Financial Corporation. Ms. Wyatt is a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand and The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Keith Gubbay, 61, has been President and Chief Actuarial Officer since April 2014. Mr. Gubbay also serves as President and Chief Actuarial Officer of both Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. From 2004 until he joined Resolution Life, Mr. Gubbay held various leadership positions in Sun Life Financial U.S., including Senior Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to that, he served in various senior executive roles at ING Americas. Mr. Gubbay is a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries and a Fellow in the Society of Actuaries.
Simon Packer, 51, has been Chief Transformation Officer since April 2014. Mr. Packer also serves as Chief Transformation Officer of both Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. Prior to joining the Resolution Group in May 2006, Mr. Packer held leadership positions at a variety of U.K. life insurance companies, including Programme Manager at Clerical Medical Investment Group from August 2003 to April 2006 and Programme Manager at AXA Tech Ltd from April 2002 to January 2003.
Leigh McKegney, 32, has been Chief Legal Officer, Vice President and Secretary since May 2014. Ms. McKegney also serves as Chief Legal Officer, Vice President and Secretary of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. From November 2010 to April 2014, Ms. McKegney was a corporate associate at Debevoise & Plimpton LLP. Ms. McKegney is a licensed attorney in the State of New York and registered as authorized house counsel in the State of Connecticut.
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Item 11(l). | Executive Compensation |
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Executive officers of Lincoln Benefit also serve as officers of Resolution and other subsidiaries of Resolution and these executive officers received no compensation directly from Lincoln Benefit. They were employees of Resolution or a subsidiary. Allocations of compensation were made for each named executive based on the amount of the named executives time allocated to Lincoln Benefit under the Services Agreement by and between Resolution Life and Lincoln Benefit, effective as of April 1, 2014 (the Services Agreement). Those allocations are reflected in the Summary Compensation Table set forth below and in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis disclosure. The named executive officers may have received additional compensation for services rendered to Resolution or other Resolution subsidiaries, including Resolution Life, and those amounts are not reported.
Named Executives
This portion of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis describes Resolutions executive compensation program and specifically describes, for the following named executive officers (NEOs) of Lincoln Benefit below, the total 2015 compensation attributable to services rendered to Lincoln Benefit:
W. Weldon Wilson Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Robyn Wyatt Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Executive Vice President and Treasurer
Keith Gubbay President and Chief Actuary
Simon Packer Chief Transformation Officer
Karl Chappell Managing Director, Investments and Mergers and Acquisitions
2015 Compensation Philosophy
The objectives of Resolutions executive compensation program for 2015 were to (i) create a link between pay and performance, (ii) attract, motivate and retain talented employees, (iii) align the interests of executives and other employees with the interests of Resolutions shareholders and (iv) foster compliance and support sensible, but not excessive, risk taking. Resolution has designed the elements of its executive compensation program in order to meet these objectives.
Elements of the 2015 Compensation Program Design
All compensation and benefits paid to our officers is determined and paid or provided by Resolution. Resolution pays its executives, including the NEOs, base salary and bonus as set forth in each executives employment agreement. In addition, the executives, including NEOs, receive employee benefits on the same terms as other similarly situated executives of Resolution and its subsidiaries. The elements of compensation for the NEOs are determined pursuant to the terms of their individual employment agreements with Resolution. In 2015, Resolution established a compensation committee of its board of directors to oversee executive compensation matters, including advising on Resolutions compensation policies and reviewing and approving the determination of annual bonus payments earned by the executives. Resolution reviewed data metrics from third party vendors, the Hay Group and DW Simpson, in order to benchmark, using the Hay Group, its employees compensation against a broad range of industries, and using DW Simpson, its actuaries compensation against other life insurance companies. Mr. Wilson assists the compensation committee in setting compensation for the other Resolution executives.
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Employment Agreements
Each of Messrs. Wilson, Gubbay, Packer and Chappell and Ms. Wyatt is party to an employment agreement with Resolution, the parent of Resolution Life. Resolution negotiated each employment agreement at the time the officer became employed by Resolution in 2013 or 2014, prior to its acquisition of Lincoln Benefit. The terms of each agreement, including salary and target bonus opportunities, were determined based on an evaluation of appropriate compensation levels in the insurance industry and the level of compensation, benefits and other entitlements that Resolution considered necessary to attract and retain the executives. The employment agreements set each executives base salary and provide for an annual bonus opportunity expressed as a percentage of base salary, and employee benefits on the same terms as similarly situated executives of Resolution. Mr. Wilsons, Mr. Gubbays and Ms. Wyatts target annual bonus opportunity is 60%; and Mr. Chappells and Mr. Packers target annual bonus opportunity is 50%. The employment agreements of Messrs. Chappell and Packer also provide for reimbursement of certain relocation expenses. Mr. Gubbays and Ms. Wyatts employment agreement each provide for deferred sign-on bonuses payable in three equal amounts on the first through third anniversaries of the effective date of such employment agreement. The amount of each of these elements of compensation that is attributable to Lincoln Benefit is as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table.
Base Salary
For 2015, each NEO received the base salary set forth in his or her individual employment agreement, as adjusted by prior compensation committee approvals. The amount of each such NEOs base salary for 2015 that is attributable to Lincoln Benefit is as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table. No changes were made in 2016 to the salaries of each NEO.
Annual Bonus Payments
Variable cash compensation in the form of annual bonuses is provided to reward executives for results based on the past performance year. Each NEOs employment agreement provides for an annual performance-based bonus opportunity, with the target annual bonus amount expressed as a percentage of such NEOs base salary. The compensation committee of the board of directors of Resolution determines the annual bonus amount that has been earned by each NEO after considering a variety of individual- and Resolution-related performance factors. In determining the annual bonus payments for 2015, the compensation committee considered the objectives of Resolutions compensation philosophy, and considered the fact that 2015 represented the substantial completion of the build of a long-term platform for Resolution. For 2015, the compensation committee determined that Mssrs. Wilson and Gubbay and Ms. Wyatt had earned his or her annual performance-based bonus at 90% of the target performance level, and Mssrs. Packer and Chappell have earned their annual performance-based bonus at the target performance level, based on achievement of operational performance goals relating to building the Resolution business, including, completion of the migration of Lincoln Benefit policy administration from Allstate to Lincoln Benefits third-party administrators, finalizing its governance and risk framework, developing tools to better analyze and understand Lincoln Benefits results in order to make better risk mitigation decisions, and execution of key portfolio strategies. Because Resolution had not executed its acquisition strategy in 2015, the performance-based bonuses for Mssrs. Wilson and Gubbay and Ms. Wyatt were 90% of target. The amount of each such NEOs annual bonus that is attributable to Lincoln Benefit is as set forth in the Summary Compensation Table.
Long-Term Incentive Compensation
Each of Messrs. Wilson, Gubbay, Packer and Chappell and Ms. Wyatt participate in Resolutions long- term incentive compensation program, but have not received any long-term or equity-based compensation for their services to Lincoln Benefit. Grants under Resolutions long-term incentive compensation program were made to our NEOs prior to the acquisition of Lincoln Benefit, and are subject to satisfaction of vesting criteria
93
based on continued service to Resolution. As such equity was awarded prior to the acquisition of Lincoln Benefit and no expense related to such equity is allocated to Lincoln Benefit under the Services Agreement, such compensation is not included in the Summary Compensation Tables or other tables below.
Other Benefits
The NEOs participate in the benefit programs available to other employees of Resolution Life. These benefits include health and welfare coverage and participation in a Resolution 401(k) plan. Resolution matches employee contributions up to 6% of eligible pay.
94
Summary Compensation Table
The following table summarizes the compensation of our named executive officers for all services rendered to Lincoln Benefit for the last three fiscal years, in a manner consistent with the allocation of compensation under the Services Agreement or the Service and Expense Agreement, as applicable.
Name and Principal Position |
Year(3) | Salary ($) |
Bonus ($)(1) |
Stock ($) |
Option Awards ($) |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan |
Change in ($) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
W. Weldon Wilson |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chairman of the Board and |
2014 | 487,500 | 292,500 | | | | | 5,850 | 785,850 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Executive Officer |
2015 | 650,000 | 351,000 | | | | | 18,296 | 1,019,296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robyn Wyatt |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Executive Vice President, |
2014 | 270,000 | 356,850 | | | | | 7,020 | 633,870 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer and |
2015 | 420,000 | 486,600 | | | | | 21,576 | 928,176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Treasurer |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keith Gubbay |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
President and Chief |
2014 | 262,500 | 357,375 | | | | | 5,850 | 625,725 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Actuary |
2015 | 175,000 | 227,750 | | | | | 7,593 | 410,343 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simon Packer |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Transformation |
2014 | 297,000 | 148,500 | | | | | 43,277 | (2) | 488,777 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Officer |
2015 | 396,000 | 198,000 | | | | | 55,451 | 649,451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Karl Chappell |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Managing Director, |
2014 | 240,165 | 195,600 | | | | | 4,629 | 440,394 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments and Mergers |
2015 | 320,000 | 160,000 | | | | | 11,680 | 491,680 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
and Acquisitions |
(1) | Amounts in this column for each of Ms. Wyatt and Messrs. Wilson, Gubbay, Packer and Chappell represent the portion of the NEOs annual performance-based bonus for 2015 that is attributable to services rendered to Lincoln Benefit, plus, in the case of Ms. Wyatt and Mr. Gubbay, the portion of the 2015 payment of the deferred sign-on bonus attributable to services rendered to Lincoln Benefit. |
(2) | Includes $29,315 in relocation benefits and $18,270 in 401(k) matching contributions. |
(3) | 2014 represents compensation for the period from April 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. |
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Other Compensation Information
Potential Payments as a Result of Termination or Change in Control (CIC)
Each of the NEOs is party to an employment agreement with Resolution that provides for severance and/or other payments on certain terminations of employment. If Messrs. Gubbays, Packers or Chappells or Ms. Wyatts employment is terminated by mutual agreement between Resolution and the NEO, by Resolution without cause or by the NEO with good reason (such terminations, qualifying terminations), the NEO is entitled to the severance benefit described in the paragraph below; a pro-rated bonus for the year of termination, based on actual Resolution performance; and continued medical coverage at the same premium rate paid by active employees for the period during which the NEO receives the severance benefit. Mr. Gubbay and Ms. Wyatt are also entitled to payment of any unpaid portion of their deferred sign-on bonuses on such a qualifying termination or on a termination due to his or her death or disability. If Mr. Wilsons employment is terminated in a qualifying termination, he is entitled to a pro-rated bonus for the year of termination and continued medical coverage for twelve months at the same premium rate paid by active employees. Mr. Wilsons employment agreement does not provide for other severance payments.
On a qualifying termination of Ms. Wyatts or Mr. Gubbays employment following the second anniversary of the effective date of such NEOs employment agreement, the NEOs severance benefit is equal to one year of base salary plus target bonus. On a qualifying termination of Mr. Chappells or Mr. Packers employment following the first anniversary of the effective date of his employment agreement, he is entitled to an amount equal to one-half of the sum his annual base salary plus target bonus.
For these purposes, cause means (i) fraudulent statements or acts of the NEO with respect to the performance of his or her duties under the employment agreement, (ii) the NEOs conviction of, or plea of guilty or nolo contendere to, any crime that constitutes a felony or any crime that constitutes a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud and that results in material harm to Resolution, (iii) willful misconduct by the NEO with respect to Resolution or any of its subsidiaries, or (iv) a material breach by the NEO of his or her employment agreement. Good reason for these purposes means (a) a reduction in the NEOs base salary, annual bonus percentage, long-term incentive compensation percentage, for Mr. Gubbay and Ms. Wyatt only, deferred compensation, or Resolutions refusal to pay the NEO any compensation or benefits due, (b) a material diminution in the NEOs position, authority, duties or responsibilities, excluding any isolated, insubstantial and inadvertent action, (c) any willful breach by Resolution of a material term of the NEOs employment agreement, (d) Resolution requiring the NEO to engage in any unlawful or criminal act or (e) the bankruptcy of Resolution. For Mr. Gubbay, good reason also includes a termination of employment by Mr. Gubbay if (X) Resolution requests that he relocate his residence from the Boston, Massachusetts area after the second anniversary of the effective date of his agreement, (Y) he declines such request to relocate and (Z) he continues to perform his duties from the Boston, Massachusetts area for six months following his decline of the request to relocate (or such shorter period as agreed by Resolution). In order to terminate his or her employment for good reason, an NEO must give Resolution written notice and Resolution shall have 30 days to cure.
An NEOs severance payments are subject to such NEO signing a general release of claims. In addition, the NEOs are subject to covenants not to compete and not to solicit for one year following the date of termination (two years for Mr. Wilson), a non-disparagement covenant for three years following the date of termination, and an indefinite non-disclosure covenant.
96
Estimate of Potential Payments upon Termination of Employment or Change of Control
The following table summarizes estimated payments and benefits that would be provided to our NEOs pursuant to their employment agreements in connection with a termination of employment under various scenarios or a change in control and that are attributable to service to Lincoln Benefit and reimbursable under the Services Agreement, assuming such event occurred on December 31, 2015.
Name |
Event(1) | Base Salary; Bonus and Deferred Sign- On Bonus($)(2) |
Health & Welfare ($) |
Total Payments ($) |
||||||||||
W. Weldon Wilson |
Qualifying Termination | 390,000 | 6,296 | 396,296 | ||||||||||
Death or Disability | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Resignation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Change in Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Robyn Wyatt |
Qualifying Termination | 1,183,800 | 9,976 | 1,193,776 | ||||||||||
Death or Disability | 259,800 | 0 | 259,800 | |||||||||||
Resignation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Change in Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Keith Gubbay |
Qualifying Termination | 518,250 | 2,118 | 520,368 | ||||||||||
Death or Disability | 133,250 | 0 | 133,250 | |||||||||||
Resignation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Change in Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Simon Packer |
Qualifying Termination | 495,000 | 9,439 | 504,439 | ||||||||||
Death or Disability | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Resignation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Change in Control | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Karl Chappell |
Qualifying Termination | 400,000 | 12,088 | 412,088 | ||||||||||
Death or Disability | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Resignation | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||
Change in Control | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(1) | For Messrs. Wilson, Gubbay, Packer and Chappell and Ms. Wyatt, a qualifying termination is a termination by mutual agreement between Resolution and the executive, by the executive with good reason or by Resolution without cause. The amount included in the table is calculated based on the percentage of the executives time that would be allocated to Lincoln Benefit under the Services Agreement in the event of a qualifying termination on December 31, 2015. |
(2) | Because the termination of employment is deemed to occur on December 31, 2015, the pro-rated portion of any 2015 bonus payable as a result of termination would be 100%. |
Risk Management and Compensation
Resolution has performed a review of compensation policies and practices for all of its employees who provide services to Lincoln Benefit and has concluded that its compensation policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse impact on Lincoln Benefit.
Director compensation
Our independent directors receive an annual cash retainer fee for their services on the boards of directors of Resolution and its subsidiaries, including Lincoln Benefit, a portion of which is allocated to Lincoln Benefit pursuant to the Services Agreement. The portion of the annual retainer allocated to Lincoln Benefit for 2015 is set forth in the table below. A non-employee director may also elect to defer receipt of all or a portion of his or
97
her annual retainer fee into a notional percentage equity interest in Resolution Life L.P. and Resolution Life (Parallel) Partnership (together, the Partnerships). The elected percentage of the Board retainer for a calendar year of service is converted into a notional percentage interest in the Partnerships when the year-end valuation of the Partnerships for the immediately prior year is available. The notional interest will be unvested until December 31st of the relevant year of service, and, as a general rule, if the directors Board service ends before December 31st, the unvested portion of the notional interest will be forfeited except that, in the case of a qualifying termination, a pro rata portion of the directors unvested portion of the notional interest will vest. If the Partnerships pay a distribution to their partners, the electing director will be paid, on a current basis, a distribution in cash based on notional interest (both vested and unvested) held by such director as of the record date of the distribution. Vested portions of notional interests will be settled in cash on the first to occur of (1) a liquidity event of the Partnerships and (2) termination of the directors board service, in which case settlement would occur in the year following the year in which the directors board service ends.
The following table summarizes the allocation of compensation of each of Lincoln Benefits independent directors during 2015 for his or her services as a member of the Board of Directors of Lincoln Benefit and its committees in a manner consistent with the allocation of compensation under the Services Agreement. Directors who are officers or employees of Resolution and its subsidiaries and other non-independent directors do not receive any additional compensation for their services as a director of Lincoln Benefit.
Name of Non-Employee Director | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash(1) ($) |
All Other Compensation(2) ($) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||
Stephen Campbell |
$ | 54,808 | | $ | 54,808 | |||||||
Richard Carbone |
$ | 98,438 | $ | 21,806 | $ | 120,244 | ||||||
Ann Frohman |
$ | 98,438 | $ | 30,496 | $ | 128,934 | ||||||
Robert Stein |
$ | 98,438 | $ | 21,806 | $ | 120,244 | ||||||
Grace Vandecruze |
$ | 98,438 | $ | 8,219 | $ | 106,657 |
(1) | Includes the portion of the cash retainer paid in the form of a deferred notional interest in the Partnerships at the election of the director. The following table sets forth, by grant date, the allocation of the number of Resolution deferred notional interest of the Partnerships credited to each director, the grant date fair value of each award and the percentage of such notional interest held at December 31, 2015 with respect to service as a Lincoln Benefit director in 2015 in a manner consistent with the allocation of compensation under the Services Agreement. All deferred notional interests vested on December 31, 2015. |
(2) | Reflects (i) for Messrs. Carbone and Stein and Ms. Vandecruze, distributions paid on their respective notional interests of the Partnerships and; (ii) for Ms. Frohman, the portion of a legal fee retainer for services as regulatory counsel with respect to Lincoln Benefit in 2015 in a manner consistent with the allocation of compensation under the Services Agreement. |
Grant Date |
Percentage of |
Grant Date |
Percentage of |
|||||||||||||
Richard Carbone |
|
April 1, July 1, October 1, 2015 |
|
0.0065 | % | 32,813 | 0.0276 | % | ||||||||
Robert Stein |
|
April 1, July 1, October 1, 2015 |
|
0.0065 | % | 32,813 | 0.0276 | % | ||||||||
Grace Vandecruze |
|
April 1, July 1, October 1, 2015 |
|
0.0016 | % | 8,203 | 0.0097 | % |
98
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
In February 2015, the Board of Directors of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. established a compensation committee, whose primary function is to assist the Board with its oversight role with respect to the compensation of Resolution Life Holdings, Inc.s and its subsidiaries executive officers and other employees. No executive officer of Lincoln Benefit serves as a member of the compensation committee of another entity for which any executive officer served as a director for Lincoln Benefit.
Item 11(m). | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management Security |
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
The following table shows the number of Lincoln Benefit shares owned by any beneficial owner who owns more than five percent of any class of Lincoln Benefits voting securities.
Title of Class |
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (b) |
Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership (c) |
Percent of Class (d) |
|||||
Capital Stock |
Resolution Life, Inc. One Station Place Metro Center, 7th Fl. Stamford, CT 06902 |
25,000 | 100 | % | ||||
N/A |
Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. One Station Place Metro Center, 7th Fl. Stamford, CT 06902 |
Indirect voting and investment power of shares owned by Resolution Life, Inc. |
N/A | |||||
N/A |
Resolution Life L.P. Canons Court 22 Victoria Street Hamilton, HM 12 Bermuda |
Indirect voting and investment power of shares owned by Resolution Life, Inc. |
N/A | |||||
N/A |
Resolution Life GP, Ltd. Canons Court 22 Victoria Street Hamilton, HM 12 Bermuda |
Indirect voting and investment power of shares owned by Resolution Life, Inc. | N/A | |||||
N/A |
Resolution Capital Limited 2 Queen Annes Gate London SW1H 9AA United Kingdom |
Indirect voting and investment power of shares owned by Resolution Life, Inc. |
N/A | |||||
N/A |
Clive Cowdery 2 Queen Annes Gate London SW1H 9AA United Kingdom |
Indirect voting and investment power of shares owned by Resolution Life, Inc. |
N/A |
99
Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers
The following table shows the number of shares of stock in Lincoln Benefit or its parents beneficially owned by each director and named executive officer of Lincoln Benefit individually, and by all executive officers and directors of Lincoln Benefit as a group. Shares reported as beneficially owned include certain shares held indirectly, as well as shares subject to stock options exercisable on or prior to March 31, 2016 and restricted stock units for which restrictions expire on or prior to March 31, 2016. The following share amounts are as of March 31, 2016.
Entity |
Title of Class of Equity Securities |
Number of Shares |
Statement Concerning Beneficial | |||
Lincoln Benefit, Resolution Life, | n/a | n/a | Lincoln Benefit is an indirect | |||
Inc., Resolution Life Holdings, Inc., | wholly-owned subsidiary of (i) | |||||
Resolution Life L.P., Resolution | Resolution Life L.P., which is | |||||
Life GP Ltd., Resolution Life | controlled by its general partner | |||||
(Parallel) Partnership, Resolution | Resolution Life GP Ltd. and (ii) | |||||
Life (Parallel) GP Ltd. | Resolution Life (Parallel) | |||||
Partnership, which is controlled by | ||||||
its managing partners, which | ||||||
includes Resolution Life (Parallel) | ||||||
GP Ltd. Resolution Life (Parallel) | ||||||
GP Ltd. is wholly-owned by | ||||||
Resolution Life GP Ltd. | ||||||
Resolution Life GP Ltd. is wholly- | ||||||
owned by Resolution Capital | ||||||
Limited, which is wholly-owned | ||||||
by Clive Cowdery. | ||||||
Resolution Life L.P. | n/a | n/a | Clive Cowdery has made an | |||
indirect commitment of $19.84 | ||||||
million to Resolution Life L.P., | ||||||
which currently accounts for 1.8% | ||||||
of the current total $1.1 billion of | ||||||
aggregate commitment of | ||||||
Resolution Life L.P. and | ||||||
Resolution Life (Parallel) | ||||||
Partnership. |
Changes in Control
On December 31, 2013, Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. entered into a Credit Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), The Royal Bank of Scotland, PLC, RBC Capital Markets, RBS Securities Inc. and Lloyds Securities Inc. (the Credit Agreement). On April 1, 2014, Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. and Resolution Life, Inc. entered into a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada (the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement). Pursuant to the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. pledged the securities of Resolution Life, Inc. to the Secured Parties (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement) in order to secure a term loan to Resolution Life, Inc. for the acquisition of Lincoln Benefit. Pursuant to the Credit Agreement and the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, Resolution Life, Inc. also pledged the securities of Lincoln Benefit to the Secured Parties (as defined in the Guarantee and Collateral Agreement).
If Resolution Life, Inc. defaults on its obligations under the Credit Agreement, RBC (as collateral agent), will have the option to receive all of the Resolution Life, Inc. and Lincoln Benefit stock pledged under the Credit Agreement and Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, including all voting and corporate rights to such stock.
100
Item 11(n). Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons
On April 1, 2014, all of the capital stock in Lincoln Benefit was acquired by Resolution Life, Inc. Prior to this transaction, Lincoln Benefit was a wholly-owned subsidiary of ALIC.
Transactions with Related Persons
Prior to the acquisition of Lincoln Benefit from ALIC by Resolution Life, Inc., Lincoln Benefit was a party to certain intercompany agreements involving amounts greater than $120,000 between Lincoln Benefit and the following companies:
| Allstate Life Insurance Company (ALIC), the former direct parent of Lincoln Benefit; |
| Allstate Insurance Company (AIC), a former indirect parent of Lincoln Benefit; |
| Allstate Insurance Holdings, LLC (AIH), a former indirect parent of Lincoln Benefit; and |
| The Allstate Corporation (AllCorp), the former ultimate indirect parent of Lincoln Benefit. |
Transaction Description | Approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction, per fiscal year1 |
Related Person(s)
involved in the transaction2 and the Related Persons interest in the transaction ($) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
($) | ALIC | AIC | AIH | AllCorp | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amended and Restated Service and Expense Agreement between Allstate Insurance Company, The Allstate Corporation and certain affiliates effective January 1, 2004, as amended by Amendment No. 1 effective January 1, 2009, and as supplemented by New York Insurer Supplement to Amended and Restated Service and Expense Agreement between Allstate Insurance Company, The Allstate Corporation, Allstate Life Insurance Company of New York and Intramerica Life Insurance Company, effective March 5, 2005. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
4,594,114,658
4,351,172,343 |
3
3 |
|
219,150,824
157,557,526 |
3
3 |
|
1,783,214,605
1,451,026,309 |
3
3 |
|
0
0 |
|
|
12,439,714
10,193,363 |
3
3 |
101
Transaction Description | Approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction, per fiscal year1 |
Related Person(s)
involved in the transaction2 and the Related Persons interest in the transaction ($) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
($) | ALIC | AIC | AIH | AllCorp | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tax Sharing Agreement among The Allstate Corporation and certain affiliates dated as of November 12, 1996, as supplemented by Supplemental Intercompany Tax Sharing Agreement between Allstate Life Insurance Company and Lincoln Benefit Life Company effective December 21, 2000. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
403,752,626
991,183,410 |
4
4 |
|
(28,599,632
(118,361,063 |
)
) |
|
805,259,656
822,197,758 |
|
|
0
0 |
|
|
(361,417,973
16,223,615 |
)
| ||||||
Agreement for the Settlement of State and Local Tax Credits among Allstate Insurance Company and certain affiliates effective January 1, 2007. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
0
3,024,265 |
5 |
|
0
287,214 |
5 |
|
0
2,645,462 |
5 |
N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
Assignment and Delegation of Administrative Services Agreements, Underwriting Agreements, and Selling Agreements entered into as of September 1, 2011 between ALFS, Inc., Allstate Life Insurance Company, Allstate Life Insurance Company of New York, Allstate Distributors, LLC, Charter National Life Insurance Company, Intramerica Life Insurance Company, Allstate Financial Services, LLC, and Lincoln Benefit Life Company. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
12,927,091
4,119,257 |
6
6 |
|
(4,938,625
(140,501 |
)
) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Investment Management Agreement among Allstate Investments, LLC, Allstate Insurance Company, The Allstate Corporation and certain affiliates effective January 1, 2007. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
174,642,625
129,435,627 |
3
3 |
|
82,062,732
49,913,891 |
3
3 |
|
79,465,291
68,450,895 |
3
3 |
N/A |
|
0
0 |
|
102
Transaction Description | Approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction, per fiscal year1 |
Related Person(s)
involved in the transaction2 and the Related Persons interest in the transaction ($) |
||||||||||||||||||||
($) | ALIC | AIC | AIH | AllCorp | ||||||||||||||||||
Reinsurance Agreements between Lincoln Benefit Life Company and Allstate Life Insurance Company: Coinsurance Agreement effective December 31, 2001; Modified Coinsurance Agreement effective December 31, 2001; Modified Coinsurance Agreement effective December 31, 2001. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
528,831,836
(97,926,475 |
7
)8 |
|
(528,831,836
(97,926,475 |
)7
)8 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||
Reinsurance Agreement between Lincoln Benefit Life Company and Lincoln Benefit Reinsurance Company effective September 30, 2012. |
|
2013
2014 |
|
|
201,639
(99,556 |
7
)8 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||
Administrative Services Agreement by and between Lincoln Benefit Life Company and Allstate Life Insurance Company, dated April 1, 2014. | 2014 | 8,459,377 | 9 | 8,459,377 | 9 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
Amended and Restated Reinsurance Agreement by and between Lincoln Benefit Life Company and Allstate Life Insurance Company, effective April 1, 2014. | 2014 | 83,830,677 | 7 | 83,830,677 | 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
(1) | Amounts are not included for fiscal year 2015 because ALIC, AIC, AIH and AllCorp were not related persons in 2015. |
(2) | Each identified Related Person is a Party to the transaction. |
(3) | Gross amount of expense received under the transaction. |
(4) | Total amounts paid to the Internal Revenue Service. |
(5) | Value of transfer transactions. |
(6) | Gross amount of the transaction. |
(7) | Net reinsurance income. |
(8) | Net reinsurance expense. |
(9) | Gross amount of the transaction. |
After Lincoln Benefit was acquired by Resolution Life, Inc., Lincoln Benefit is a party to certain intercompany agreements involving amounts greater than $120,000 between Lincoln Benefit and the following companies:
| Resolution Life, Inc. (RLI), the direct parent of Lincoln Benefit. |
| Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. (RLH), an indirect parent of Lincoln Benefit. |
| Lancaster Re Captive Insurance Company (Lancaster Re), a direct subsidiary of Lincoln Benefit |
| Lanis LLC, an affiliate of Lincoln Benefit |
103
Transaction Description | Approximate dollar value of the amount involved in the transaction, per fiscal year |
Approximate dollar value of the amount transaction, per fiscal year |
||||||||||||||||
($) | RLH | RLI | Lanis LLC | |||||||||||||||
Services Agreement between Resolution Life, Inc. and Lincoln Benefit Life Company effective April 1, 2014 |
|
2014 2015 |
|
|
(21,087,752 (13,864,952 |
)¹ )¹ |
N/A N/A |
|
21,087,752 13,864,952 |
¹ ¹ |
|
N/A N/A |
| |||||
Surplus Note Purchase Agreement between Lancaster Re Captive Insurance Company and Lanis LLC effective April 1, 2014 |
|
2014 2015 |
|
|
(15,711,000 (22,880,000 |
)² )² |
N/A N/A |
|
N/A N/A |
|
|
15,711,000 22,880,000 |
² ² | |||||
Vehicle Note Purchase Agreement between Lancaster Re Captive Insurance Company and Lanis LLC effective April 1, 2014 |
|
2014 2015 |
|
|
15,711,000 22,880,000 |
² ² |
N/A N/A |
|
N/A N/A |
|
|
(15,711,000 (22,880,000 |
)² )² | |||||
Fee Letter between Lincoln Benefit Life Company and Lanis LLC effective April 1, 2014 |
|
2014 2015 |
|
|
(4,584,514 (6,670,882 |
)3 )3 |
N/A N/A |
|
N/A N/A |
|
|
4,584,514 6,670,882 |
3 3 |
1 | Total expense amount reimbursed / (paid) under the transaction |
2 | Surplus/Vehicle Note Interest received (paid) |
3 | Payment of risk spread fee |
The agreements listed in the table immediately above relate to a transaction that Resolution Life, Inc., Resolution Life Holdings, Inc., Lancaster Re Captive Insurance Company, Lanis LLC and Lincoln Benefit Life Company have entered into with Hannover Life Reassurance Company of America, an unrelated party, in order to finance a portion of the insurance reserves held by Lincoln Benefit with respect to universal life insurance policies with secondary guarantees written by Lincoln Benefit.
Review and Approval of Related Person Transactions
For the Period Prior to April 1, 2014
Prior to the acquisition of Lincoln Benefit from ALIC by Resolution Life, Inc., all intercompany agreements to which Lincoln Benefit was a party were approved by Lincoln Benefits Board of Directors as well as by the board of any other affiliate of The Allstate Corporation that was a party to the agreement. When required, intercompany agreements were submitted for approval to the Nebraska Department of Insurance, Lincoln Benefits domestic regulator, and any additional states in which Lincoln Benefit might be commercially domiciled pursuant to the applicable states insurance holding company systems act. This process was documented in an internal procedure that captured the review and approval process of all intercompany agreements. All approvals were maintained in Lincoln Benefits corporate records.
Prior to the transaction with Resolution, while there was no formal process for the review and approval of related person transactions between unaffiliated entities specific to Lincoln Benefit, all directors and executive officers of Lincoln Benefit were subject to the Allstate Code of Ethics (Allstate Code). The Allstate Code includes a written conflict of interest policy that was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Allstate Corporation, the former ultimate parent company of Lincoln Benefit. Any potential relationship or activity that could impair independent thinking and judgment, including holding a financial interest in a business venture that is similar to Allstate, or in a business that has a relationship with Allstate, was required to be disclosed to Human Resources. Human Resources worked with representatives from the Law Department, including Enterprise Business Conduct, to determine whether an actual conflict of interest existed. Each director and executive officer was required to sign a Code of Ethics certification annually.
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For the Period Beginning April 1, 2014
All intercompany agreements to which Lincoln Benefit is a party are approved by Lincoln Benefits Board of Directors as well as by the board of any other affiliate of Lincoln Benefit that is a party to the agreement. When required, intercompany agreements are submitted for approval to the Nebraska Department of Insurance, Lincoln Benefits domestic regulator, and any additional states in which Lincoln Benefit might be commercially domiciled pursuant to the applicable states insurance holding company systems act. This process is documented in an internal procedure that captures the review and approval process of all intercompany agreements. All approvals are maintained in Lincoln Benefits corporate records.
Subsequent to the acquisition by Resolution Life, Inc., while there is no formal process for the review and approval of related person transactions between unaffiliated entities specific to Lincoln Benefit, all directors, officers and employees of Lincoln Benefit are subject to Resolution Lifes Code of Conduct and its Conflict of Interest Guideline. The Resolution Code of Conduct includes a written conflict of interest policy that was adopted by the Board of Directors of Resolution Life, the parent company of Lincoln Benefit, and the Board of Directors of Lincoln Benefit. Any potential relationship or activity that could impair independent thinking and judgment, including holding a financial interest in a business venture that is similar to Lincoln Benefit and/or Resolution Life, or in a business that has a relationship with either entity, is required to be disclosed to Human
Resources and Compliance. Human Resources works with representatives from the Law Department, including Compliance, and the Audit Committee, if necessary, to determine whether an actual conflict of interest existed. All directors, officers and employees are required to sign a Code of Conduct certification and complete a Conflict of Interest Questionnaire annually.
Independence Standards for Directors
Although not subject to the independence standards of the New York Stock Exchange, for purposes of this registration statement, Lincoln Benefit has applied the independence standards required for listed companies of the New York Stock Exchange to the Board of Directors. Applying these standards, Lincoln Benefit has determined that five of its directors are independent: Stephen Campbell, Richard Carbone, Ann Frohman, Robert Stein and Grace Vandecruze.
A section entitled Experts is added to your prospectus as follows:
EXPERTS
The financial statements and related financial schedule of Lincoln Benefit Life Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 and for the period from January 1, 2014 through March 31, 2014 included in this Prospectus have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein and elsewhere in the Registration Statement. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The financial statements of Lincoln Benefit Life Company as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and for the year ended December 31, 2015 and for the period from April 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014 included in this Prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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The following change is made to the prospectuses for the LBL Advantage, Consultant II and Premier Planner:
Under the More Information section, the subsection entitled Legal Matters is deleted and replaced with the following:
LEGAL MATTERS
Matters of Nebraska law pertaining to the Contract, including the validity of the Contract and our right to issue the Contract under Nebraska law, have been passed upon by Lamson Dugan & Murray LLP, Omaha, Nebraska.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
Allstate Distributors, L.L.C. (ADLLC) serves as distributor of the securities registered herein. The securities offered herein are sold on a continuous basis, and there is no specific end date for the offering. ADLLC is a registered broker dealer under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. ADLLC is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will use its best efforts to sell the securities offered.
ADMINISTRATION
We have primary responsibility for all administration of the Contracts and the Variable Account. We entered into an administrative services agreement with Allstate Life. Allstate Life entered into an administrative services agreement with The Prudential Insurance Company of America (PICA) pursuant to which PICA or an affiliate provides administrative services to the Variable Account and the Contracts on our behalf. In addition, PICA entered into a master services agreement with se2, LLC, of 5801 SW 6th Avenue, Topeka, Kansas 66636, whereby se2, LLC provides certain business process outsourcing services with respect to the Contracts. se2, LLC may engage other service providers to provide certain administrative functions. These service providers may change over time, and as of December 31, 2015, consisted of the following: NTT DATA, Inc. (administrative services) located at 100 City Square, Boston, MA 02129; RR Donnelley Global Investment Markets, a division of RR Donnelley & Sons Company (compliance printing and mailing) located at 111 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606; Jayhawk File Express, LLC (file storage and document destruction) located at 601 E. 5th Street, Topeka, KS 66601-2596; Co-Sentry.net, LLC (back-up printing and disaster recovery) located at 9394 West Dodge Rd, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114; Convey Compliance Systems, Inc. (withholding calculations and tax statement mailing) located at 3650 Annapolis Lane, Suite 190, Plymouth, MN 55447; Spangler Graphics, LLC (compliance mailings) located at 29305 44th Street, Kansas City, KS 66106; Veritas Document Solutions, LLC (compliance mailings) located at 913 Commerce Ct, Buffalo Grove, IL 60089; Records Center of Topeka, a division of Underground Vaults & Storage, Inc. (back-up tapes storage) located at 1540 NW Gage Blvd. #6, Topeka, KS 66618; Venio LLC, d/b/a Keane (lost shareholder search) located at PO Box 1508, Southeastern, PA 19399-1508; DST Systems, Inc. (FAN mail, positions, prices) located at 333 West 11 Street, 5th Floor, Kansas City, MO 64105.
In administering the Contracts, the following services are provided, among others:
| maintenance of Contract Owner records; |
| Contract Owner services; |
| calculation of unit values; |
| maintenance of the Variable Account; and |
| preparation of Contract Owner reports. |
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We will send you Contract statements at least annually. We will also send you transaction confirmations. You should notify us promptly in writing of any address change. You should read your statements and confirmations carefully and verify their accuracy. You should contact us promptly if you have a question about a periodic statement or a confirmation. We will investigate all complaints and make any necessary adjustments retroactively, but you must notify us of a potential error within a reasonable time after the date of the questioned statement. If you wait too long, we will make the adjustment as of the date that we receive notice of the potential error. Correspondence you send by regular mail to our service center should be sent to P.O. Box 758566, Topeka, KS 66675-8566. Your correspondence will be picked up at this address and then delivered to our service center. Your correspondence is not considered received by us until it is received at our service center. Where this prospectus refers to the day when we receive a purchase payment, request, election, notice, transfer or any other transaction request from you, we mean the day on which that item (or the last requirement needed for us to process that item) arrives in complete and proper form at our service center or via the appropriate telephone or fax number if the item is a type we accept by those means. There are two main exceptions: if the item arrives at our service center (1) on a day that is not a business day, or (2) after the close of a business day, then, in each case, we are deemed to have received that item on the next business day.
We will also provide you with additional periodic and other reports, information and prospectuses as may be required by federal securities laws.
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