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The Company and Financial Statement Presentation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
The Company and Financial Statement Presentation
The Company and Financial Statement Presentation
Lexington Realty Trust (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, except when the context only applies to the parent entity, the “Company”) is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that owns a diversified portfolio of equity and debt investments in single-tenant commercial properties and land. A majority of these properties and all land interests are subject to net or similar leases, where the tenant bears all or substantially all of the costs, including cost increases, for real estate taxes, utilities, insurance and ordinary repairs. However, certain leases provide that the landlord is responsible for certain operating expenses.
As of March 31, 2016, the Company had ownership interests in approximately 215 consolidated real estate properties, located in 40 states. The properties in which the Company has an interest are leased to tenants in various industries, including service, automotive, technology, transportation/logistics and finance/insurance.
The Company believes it has qualified as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Accordingly, the Company will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that distributions to its shareholders equal at least the amount of its REIT taxable income as defined under the Code. The Company is permitted to participate in certain activities historically prohibited for REITs in order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, so long as these activities are conducted in entities which elect to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) under the Code. As such, the TRS are subject to federal income taxes on the income from these activities.
The Company conducts its operations either directly or indirectly through (1) property owner subsidiaries and lender subsidiaries, which are single purpose entities, (2) an operating partnership, Lepercq Corporate Income Fund L.P. (“LCIF”), in which the Company is the sole unit holder of the general partner and the sole unit holder of the limited partner that holds a majority of the limited partner interests, (3) a wholly-owned TRS, and (4) investments in joint ventures. References to “OP units” refer to units of limited partner interests in LCIF. Property owner subsidiaries are landlords under leases for properties in which the Company has an interest and/or borrowers under loan agreements secured by properties in which the Company has an investment and lender subsidiaries are lenders under loan agreements where the Company made an investment in a loan asset, but in all cases are separate and distinct legal entities. Each property owner subsidiary is a separate legal entity that maintains separate books and records. The assets and credit of each property owner subsidiary with a property subject to a mortgage loan are not available to creditors to satisfy the debt and other obligations of any other person, including any other property owner subsidiary or any other affiliate.
The financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) for the three months ended March 31, 2016 have been prepared by the Company in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. However, in the opinion of management, the interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2016 (“Annual Report”).
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation. The Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP. The financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.
On January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2015-02 (Topic 810), Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, modifying the analysis it must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The guidance does not amend the existing disclosure requirements for variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or voting interest model entities. The adoption of this guidance had no impact to consolidated entities included in the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements as all entities previously consolidated are still consolidated and all entities previously not consolidated are still not consolidated. However, under the revised guidance, the Company determined that certain affiliated limited partnerships and similar entities are now considered, by definition, VIEs. The entities were determined to be VIEs as the unaffiliated partners/members did not have simple majority substantive kick-out rights or participating rights.
The Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of certain VIEs as it has a controlling financial interest in the entities. LCIF, which continues to be consolidated and in which the Company has an approximate 96% interest, was determined to be a VIE under this new guidance.
The Company has a joint venture limited partnership with a developer which is a consolidated VIE. The joint venture is developing an office campus in Lake Jackson, Texas. The Company currently has a 100% interest in the joint venture; however, the developer has certain protective rights, and, upon project completion, the developer will be credited with a notional capital account for a profit interest and certain cost savings. As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the joint venture had $63,278 and $62,353, respectively, in real estate under construction.
The assets of the VIEs are available to satisfy its respective liabilities. Except for a $15,000 mortgage loan, the VIEs mortgages and notes payable are non-recourse to the Company. Below is a summary of selected financial data of consolidated VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary included in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:
 
March 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Real estate, net
$
1,049,238

 
$
1,072,463

Total assets
$
1,203,328

 
$
1,192,944

Mortgages and notes payable, net
$
431,351

 
$
431,599

Total liabilities
$
447,277

 
$
448,057


Use of Estimates. Management has made a number of significant estimates and assumptions to prepare these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, including, among others, those relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on management's best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. The most significant estimates made include the recoverability of accounts receivable, the allocation of property purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the determination of VIEs and which entities should be consolidated, the determination of impairment of long-lived assets, loans receivable and equity method investments, the valuation of derivative financial instruments, the valuation of compensation plans and the useful lives of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Fair Value Measurements. The Company follows the guidance in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, as amended (“Topic 820”), to determine the fair value of financial and non-financial instruments. Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value into three levels: Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities; Level 2 - observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets, but corroborated by market data; and Level 3 - unobservable inputs, which are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible, as well as considering counterparty credit risk. The Company has formally elected to apply the portfolio exception within Topic 820 with respect to measuring counterparty risk for all of its derivative transactions subject to master netting arrangements.
Acquisition, Development and Construction Arrangements. The Company evaluates loans receivable where the Company participates in residual profits through loan provisions or other contracts to ascertain whether the Company has the same risks and rewards as an owner or a joint venture partner. Where the Company concludes that such arrangements are more appropriately treated as an investment in real estate, the Company reflects such loan receivable as an equity investment in real estate under construction in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. In these cases, no interest income is recorded on the loan receivable and the Company capitalizes interest during the construction period. In arrangements where the Company engages a developer to construct a property or provides funds to a tenant to develop a property, the Company will capitalize the funds provided to the developer/tenant and internal costs of interest and real estate taxes, if applicable, during the construction period.
Restricted Cash. Restricted cash is comprised primarily of cash balances held with Section 1031 exchange intermediaries and escrow balances held by lenders. At March 31, 2016, $29,457 was held with a Section 1031 exchange intermediary that was released subsequent to March 31, 2016.
Reclassifications. Certain amounts included in the 2015 unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2016 presentation.
The Company adopted ASU 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, during the three months ended March 31, 2016. ASU 2015-03 amends current presentation guidance by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts.  Prior to the issuance of ASU 2015-03, debt issuance costs were required to be presented as an asset in the balance sheet. As shown in the table below and pursuant to the guidance in ASU 2015-03, the Company has reclassified unamortized debt issuance costs associated with certain debt obligations in the Company's previously reported consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 as follows:
 
As previously reported December 31, 2015
 
Reclassifications
 
As adjusted December 31, 2015
Deferred expenses, net
$
63,832

 
$
(21,832
)
 
$
42,000

Mortgages and notes payable, net
882,952

 
(10,309
)
 
872,643

Term loans payable, net
505,000

 
(4,924
)
 
500,076

Senior notes payable, net
497,947

 
(4,421
)
 
493,526

Convertible guaranteed notes payable, net
12,180

 
(54
)
 
12,126

Trust preferred securities, net
129,120

 
(2,124
)
 
126,996


Recently Issued Accounting Guidance. In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-08, Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity, which changes the criteria for reporting discontinued operations and improves financial statement disclosures. Under this guidance, only disposals representing a strategic shift in operations that have a major effect on an organization's operations and financial results should be presented as discontinued operations. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2015. The guidance requires the Company to continue to classify any property disposal or property classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2014 as discontinued operations prospectively. Therefore, the revenues and expenses related to these properties are presented as discontinued operations as of March 31, 2015. The Company did not classify any additional properties as discontinued operations subsequent to December 31, 2014, as the dispositions did not represent a strategic shift in operations. The implementation of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which amends the guidance for revenue recognition to eliminate the industry-specific revenue recognition guidance and replace it with a principle-based approach for determining revenue recognition. The effective date of the new guidance was updated by ASU 2015-14 and is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right of use asset and related lease liability for those leases classified as operating leases at the commencement date and have lease terms of more than 12 months. The accounting applied to lessors under this new guidance is largely unchanged from prior guidance. Lessors in most cases will continue to record operating leases as operating leases and recognize lease income from those leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years, and requires a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718), which involves several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period, however early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.