BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For more information regarding our significant accounting policies and estimates, please refer to "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" contained in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 18, 2019.

Interim Financial Information—The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements of CIM Commercial have been prepared by our management in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). Certain information and note disclosures required for annual financial statements have been condensed or excluded pursuant to SEC rules and regulations. Accordingly, the interim consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying financial information reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of our management, of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. Our accompanying interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CIM Commercial and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Investments in Real Estate—Real estate acquisitions are recorded at cost as of the acquisition date. Costs related to the acquisition of properties were expensed as incurred for acquisitions that occurred prior to October 1, 2017. For any acquisition occurring on or after October 1, 2017, we have conducted and will conduct an analysis to determine if the acquisition constitutes a business combination or an asset purchase. If the acquisition constitutes a business combination, then the transaction costs will be expensed as incurred, and if the acquisition constitutes an asset purchase, then the transaction costs will be capitalized. Investments in real estate are stated at depreciated cost. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as follows:



Buildings and improvements		15 - 40 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		3 - 5 years
Tenant improvements		Shorter of the useful lives or the terms of the related leases

Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life, increase capacity, or improve the efficiency of the asset. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Investments in real estate are evaluated for impairment on a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to the future net cash flows, undiscounted and without interest, expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. The estimated fair value of the asset group identified for step two of the impairment testing under GAAP is based on either the income approach, with market discount rate, terminal capitalization rate and rental rate assumptions being most critical to such analysis, or on the sales comparison approach to similar properties. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the asset's carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. We recognized impairment of long-lived assets of $66,200,000 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively (Note 3).

Derivative Financial Instruments—As part of risk management and operational strategies, from time to time, we may enter into derivative contracts with various counterparties. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value. On the date that we enter into a derivative contract, we designate the derivative as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, a foreign currency fair value or cash flow hedge, a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, or a trading or non-hedging instrument.

Changes in the estimated fair value of a derivative that is highly effective and that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge, to the extent that the hedge is effective, are initially recorded in other comprehensive income ("OCI"), and are subsequently reclassified into earnings as a component of interest expense when the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction affects earnings (e.g., when periodic settlements of a variable-rate asset or liability are recorded in earnings). Any hedge ineffectiveness (which represents the amount by which the changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative differ from the variability in the cash flows of the forecasted transaction) is recognized in current-period earnings as a component of interest expense. When an interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge no longer qualifies for hedge accounting, we recognize changes in the estimated fair value of the hedge previously deferred to accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), along with any changes in estimated fair value occurring thereafter, through earnings. We classify cash flows from interest rate swap agreements as net cash provided by operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows as our accounting policy is to present the cash flows from the hedging instruments in the same category in the consolidated statements of cash flows as the category for the cash flows from the hedged items. See Note 12 for disclosures about our derivative financial instruments and hedging activities.

Revenue Recognition—We use a five-step model to recognize revenue for contracts with customers. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.

Revenue from leasing activities

We operate as a lessor of real estate assets, primarily in Class A and creative office assets. In determining whether our contracts with our tenants constitute leases, we determined that our contracts explicitly identify the premises and that any substitution rights to relocate the tenant to other premises within the same building stated in the contract are not substantive. Additionally, so long as payments are made timely under these contracts, our tenants have the right to obtain substantially all the economic benefits from the use of this identified asset and can direct how and for what purpose the premises are used to conduct their operations. Therefore, our contracts with our tenants constitute leases.

All leases are classified as operating leases and minimum rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases when collectability is reasonably assured and the tenant has taken possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. The excess of rents recognized over amounts contractually due pursuant to the underlying leases is recorded as deferred rent. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is considered the owner of the improvements, any tenant improvement allowance that is funded is treated as an incentive. Lease incentives paid to tenants are included in other assets and amortized as a reduction to rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease.

Reimbursements from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, insurance, and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period the expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and presented on a gross basis when we are primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good or service and control that specified good or service before it is transferred to the tenant. We have elected not to separate lease and non-lease components as the pattern of revenue recognition does not differ for the two components, and the non-lease component is not the primary component in our leases.

In addition to minimum rents, certain leases provide for additional rents based upon varying percentages of tenants’ sales in excess of annual minimums. Percentage rent is recognized once lessees’ specified sales targets have been met.

We derive parking revenues from leases with third-party operators. Our parking leases provide for additional rents based upon varying percentages of tenants’ sales in excess of annual minimums. Parking percentage rent is recognized once lessees’ specific sales targets have been met.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recognized rental income as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Rental and other property income
Fixed lease payments (1)	$	31,053	$	33,442
Variable lease payments (2)	2,528		1,702
Rental and other property income	$	33,581	$	35,144


(1)	Fixed lease payments include contractual rents under lease agreements with tenants recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, including amortization of acquired above-market leases, below-market leases and lease incentives.


(2)	Variable lease payments include expense reimbursements billed to tenants, percentage rent, and bad debt expense from our operating leases.

Revenue from lending activities

Interest income included in interest and other income is comprised of interest earned on loans and our short-term investments and the accretion of net loan origination fees and discounts. Interest income on loans is accrued as earned with the accrual of interest suspended when the related loan becomes a Non-Accrual Loan (as defined below).

Revenue from hotel activities

Hotel revenue is recognized upon establishment of a contract with a customer. At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or implied by customary business practices. Various performance obligations of hotel revenues can be categorized as follows:


•	cancellable and noncancelable room revenues from reservations and


•	ancillary services including facility usage and food or beverage.

Cancellable reservations represent a single performance obligation of providing lodging services at the hotel. The Company satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues associated with these reservations over time as services are rendered to the customer. The Company satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues associated with noncancelable reservations at the earlier of (i) the date on which the customer cancels the reservation or (ii) over time as services are rendered to the customer.

Ancillary services include facilities usage and providing food and beverage. The Company satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues associated with these services at a point in time as the good or service is delivered to the customer.

At inception of these contracts with customers for hotel revenues, the contractual price is equivalent to the transaction price as there are no elements of variable consideration to estimate.

Amounts recognized for hotel income were $9,804,000 and $9,689,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Below is a reconciliation of the hotel revenue from contracts with customers to the total hotel segment revenue disclosed in Note 18:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
	(in thousands)
Hotel properties
Hotel income	$	9,804	$	9,689
Rental and other property income	736		763
Interest and other income	49		39
Hotel revenues	$	10,589	$	10,491

Tenant recoveries outside of the lease agreements

Tenant recoveries outside of the lease agreements are related to construction projects in which our tenants have agreed to fully reimburse us for all costs related to construction. At inception of the contract with the customer, the contractual price is equivalent to the transaction price as there are no elements of variable consideration to estimate. While these individual services are distinct, in the context of the arrangement with the customer, all of these services are bundled together and represent a single package of construction services requested by the customer. The Company satisfies its performance obligation and recognizes revenues associated with these services over time as the construction is completed. Amounts recognized for tenant recoveries outside of the lease agreements were $205,000 and $3,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and are included in interest and other income on the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2019, there were no remaining performance obligations associated with tenant recoveries outside of the lease agreements.

Loans Receivable—Our loans receivable are carried at their unamortized principal balance less unamortized acquisition discounts and premiums, retained loan discounts and loan loss reserves. For loans originated under the Small Business Administration's ("SBA") 7(a) Guaranteed Loan Program ("SBA 7(a) Program"), we sell the portion of the loan that is guaranteed by the SBA. Upon sale of the SBA guaranteed portion of the loans, which are accounted for as sales, the unguaranteed portion of the loan retained by us is valued on a fair value basis and a discount is recorded as a reduction in basis of the retained portion of the loan. Unamortized retained loan discounts were $7,348,000 and $7,234,000 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

At the Acquisition Date, the carrying value of our loans was adjusted to estimated fair market value and acquisition discounts of $33,907,000 were recorded, which are being accreted to interest and other income using the effective interest method. We sold substantially all of our commercial mortgage loans with unamortized acquisition discounts of $15,951,000 to an unrelated third-party in December 2015. Acquisition discounts of $842,000 and $884,000 remained as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

A loan receivable is generally classified as non-accrual (a "Non-Accrual Loan") if (i) it is past due as to payment of principal or interest for a period of 60 days or more, (ii) any portion of the loan is classified as doubtful or is charged-off or (iii) the repayment in full of the principal and or interest is in doubt. Generally, loans are charged-off when management determines that we will be unable to collect any remaining amounts due under the loan agreement, either through liquidation of collateral or other means. Interest income, included in interest and other income, on a Non-Accrual Loan is recognized on either the cash basis or the cost recovery basis.

On a quarterly basis, and more frequently if indicators exist, we evaluate the collectability of our loans receivable. Our evaluation of collectability involves judgment, estimates, and a review of the ability of the borrower to make principal and interest payments, the underlying collateral and the borrowers' business models and future operations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 450-20, Contingencies—Loss Contingencies, and ASC 310-10, Receivables. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there was $57,000 and $0, respectively, of impairment recognized on our loans receivable. We establish a general loan loss reserve when available information indicates that it is probable a loss has occurred based on the carrying value of the portfolio and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in determining the general loan loss reserve, including estimates of the likelihood of default and the estimated fair value of the collateral. The general loan loss reserve includes those loans, which may have negative characteristics which have not yet become known to us. In addition to the reserves established on loans not considered impaired that have been evaluated under a specific evaluation, we establish the general loan loss reserve using a consistent methodology to determine a loss percentage to be applied to loan balances. These loss percentages are based on many factors, primarily cumulative and recent loss history and general economic conditions.

Deferred Rent Receivable and Charges—Deferred rent receivable and charges consist of deferred rent, deferred leasing costs, deferred offering costs (Note 10) and other deferred costs. Deferred rent receivable is $27,682,000 and $52,366,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Deferred leasing costs, which represent lease commissions and other direct costs associated with the acquisition of tenants, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. Deferred leasing costs of $27,970,000 and $51,152,000 are presented net of accumulated amortization of $13,646,000 and $23,910,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Deferred offering costs represent direct costs incurred in connection with our offering of Series A Preferred Units (as defined in Note 10), excluding costs specifically identifiable to a closing, such as commissions, dealer-manager fees, and other offering fees and expenses. For a specific issuance of Series A Preferred Units, issuance specific offering costs are recorded as a reduction of proceeds raised on the issuance date. Offering costs incurred but not directly related to a specifically identifiable closing are deferred. Deferred offering costs are first allocated to each issuance on a pro-rata basis equal to the ratio of Series A Preferred Units issued in an issuance to the maximum number of Series A Preferred Units that are expected to be issued. Then, the issuance specific offering costs and the deferred offering costs allocated to such issuance are further allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock (as defined in Note 10) and Series A Preferred Warrants (as defined in Note 10) issued in such issuance based on the relative fair value of the instruments on the date of issuance. The deferred offering costs allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock and Series A Preferred Warrants are reductions to temporary equity and permanent equity, respectively. Deferred offering costs of $4,404,000 and $4,213,000 related to our offering of Series A Preferred Units are included in deferred rent receivable and charges at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Other deferred costs are $215,000 and $409,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Redeemable Preferred Stock—Beginning on the date of original issuance of any given shares of Series A Preferred Stock (Note 10), the holder of such shares has the right to require the Company to redeem such shares at a redemption price of 100% of the Series A Preferred Stock Stated Value (as defined in Note 10), plus accrued and unpaid dividends, subject to the payment of a redemption fee until the fifth anniversary of such issuance. From and after the fifth anniversary of the date of the original issuance, the holder will have the right to require the Company to redeem such shares at a redemption price of 100% of the Series A Preferred Stock Stated Value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, without a redemption fee, and the Company will have the right (but not the obligation) to redeem such shares at 100% of the Series A Preferred Stock Stated Value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. The applicable redemption price payable upon redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock is payable in cash or, on or after the first anniversary of the issuance of such shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed, in the Company's sole discretion, in cash or in equal value through the issuance of shares of Common Stock, based on the volume weighted average price of our Common Stock for the 20 trading days prior to the redemption. Since a holder of Series A Preferred Stock has the right to request redemption of such shares and redemptions prior to the first anniversary are to be paid in cash, we have recorded the activity related to our Series A Preferred Stock in temporary equity. We recorded the activity related to our Series A Preferred Warrants (Note 10) in permanent equity. On the first anniversary of the date of original issuance of a particular share of Series A Preferred Stock, we reclassify such share of Series A Preferred Stock from temporary equity to permanent equity because the feature giving rise to temporary equity classification, the requirement to satisfy redemption requests in cash, lapses on the first anniversary date. Proceeds and expenses from the sale of the Series A Preferred Units are allocated to the Series A Preferred Stock and the Series A Preferred Warrants using their relative fair values on the date of issuance.

From and after the fifth anniversary of the date of original issuance of the Series L Preferred Stock, each holder will have the right to require the Company to redeem, and the Company will also have the option to redeem (subject to certain conditions), such shares of Series L Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the Series L Preferred Stock Stated Value (as defined in Note 10), plus, provided certain conditions are met, all accrued and unpaid distributions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a holder of shares of our Series L Preferred Stock may require us to redeem such shares at any time prior to the fifth anniversary of the date of original issuance of the Series L Preferred Stock if (1) we do not declare and pay in full the distributions on the Series L Preferred Stock for any annual period prior to such fifth anniversary or (2) we do not declare and pay all accrued and unpaid distributions on the Series L Preferred Stock for all past dividend periods prior to the applicable holder redemption date. The applicable redemption price payable upon redemption of any Series L Preferred Stock will be made, in the Company's sole discretion, in the form of (A) cash in Israeli new shekels ("ILS") at the then-current currency exchange rate determined in accordance with the Articles Supplementary defining the terms of the Series L Preferred Stock, (B) in equal value through the issuance of shares of Common Stock, with the value of such Common Stock to be deemed the lower of (i) our net asset value ("NAV") per share of our Common Stock as most recently published by the Company as of the effective date of redemption and (ii) the volume-weighted average price of our Common Stock, determined in accordance with the Articles Supplementary defining the terms of the Series L Preferred Stock, or (C) in a combination of cash in ILS and our Common Stock, based on the conversion mechanisms set forth in (A) and (B), respectively. We recorded the activity related to our Series L Preferred Stock in permanent equity.

Noncontrolling Interests—Noncontrolling interests represent the interests in various properties owned by third parties.

Restricted Cash—Our mortgage loan and hotel management agreements provide for depositing cash into restricted accounts reserved for capital expenditures, free rent, tenant improvement and leasing commission obligations. Restricted cash also includes cash required to be segregated in connection with certain of our loans receivable.

Reclassifications—Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. With the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and the election of the lessor practical expedient not to separate lease and non-lease components, $1,451,000 of expense reimbursements were reclassified as rental and other property income and $158,000 of non-lease component expense reimbursements recognized under the revenue recognition guidance were reclassified as interest and other income on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Under the new leasing guidance, bad debt expense associated with changes in the collectability assessment for operating leases shall be recorded as adjustments to rental and other property income rather than rental and other property operating expenses. The impact of this reclassification resulted in a $104,000 reclassification from rental and other property expenses to rental and other property income on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations—In the ordinary course of business, we may periodically enter into agreements to dispose of our assets. Some of these agreements are non-binding because either they do not obligate either party to pursue any transactions until the execution of a definitive agreement or they provide the potential buyer with the ability to terminate without penalty or forfeiture of any material deposit, subject to certain specified contingencies, such as completion of due diligence at the discretion of such buyer. We do not classify assets that are subject to such non-binding agreements as held for sale.

We classify assets as held for sale, if material, when they meet the necessary criteria, which include: a) management commits to and actively embarks upon a plan to sell the assets, b) the assets to be sold are available for immediate sale in their present condition, c) the sale is expected to be completed within one year under terms usual and customary for such sales and d) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. We generally believe that we meet these criteria when the plan for sale has been approved by our Board of Directors, there are no known significant contingencies related to the sale and management believes it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year.

Assets held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated fair value less cost to sell. In addition, if we were to determine that the asset disposal associated with assets held for sale or disposed of represents a strategic shift, the revenues, expenses and net gain (loss) on dispositions would be recorded in discontinued operations for all periods presented through the date of the applicable disposition.

Consolidation Considerations for Our Investments in Real Estate—ASC 810-10, Consolidation, addresses how a business enterprise should evaluate whether it has a controlling interest in an entity through means other than voting rights that would require the entity to be consolidated. We analyze our investments in real estate in accordance with this accounting standard to determine whether they are variable interest entities, and if so, whether we are the primary beneficiary. Our judgment with respect to our level of influence or control over an entity and whether we are the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity involves consideration of various factors, including the form of our ownership interest, our voting interest, the size of our investment (including loans), and our ability to participate in major policy-making decisions. Our ability to correctly assess our influence or control over an entity affects the presentation of these investments in real estate on our consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to recognize assets and liabilities for leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Consistent with previous GAAP, the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee primarily depends on its classification as a finance or operating lease. However, unlike previous GAAP, which required a lessee to recognize only capital leases on the balance sheet, the new ASU requires a lessee to recognize both types of leases on the balance sheet. The lessor accounting remains largely unchanged from previous GAAP. However, the ASU contains some targeted improvements that are intended to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and with the updated revenue recognition guidance issued in 2014. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Leases (Topic 842), which contained targeted improvements to amend inconsistencies and clarify guidance that were brought about by stakeholders. Furthermore, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), which provided the following practical expedients to entities: (1) a transition method that allows entities to apply the new standard at the adoption date and to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings effective at the adoption date; and (2) the option for lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components provided that certain criteria are met. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842), which provides lessors the option to elect to account for sales and other similar taxes in which the lessee directly pays third parties to be excluded from the measurement of the contract consideration. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842), which provided narrow amendments, including clarification on transition disclosures to certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. For public entities, these ASUs are effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2018.

The guidance provides a package of transition practical expedients, which must be elected as a package and applied consistently by an entity to all of its leases (including those for which the entity is a lessee or a lessor) when applying this guidance to leases that commenced before the effective date of January 1, 2019: (1) An entity need not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (2) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases (that is, all leases that were classified as operating leases prior to January 1, 2019 remain classified as operating leases); and (3) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company has elected all the aforementioned transition practical expedients, including the expedients provided under ASU 2018-11.

From a lessee's perspective, the Company has determined that there is one office lease for our lending segment that is material to the consolidated balance sheet. Based on our assessment, the lease has been classified as an operating lease and the Company recorded approximately $362,000 as a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet on the effective date of January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the right-of-use asset and lease liability balance was approximately $298,000.

From a lessor's perspective, the Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment on January 1, 2019 as the aforementioned package of practical expedients allows us to continue accounting for our then-existing or expired leases under the previous accounting guidance, and we have and will apply the new lease accounting guidance to leases that commence or are modified after the effective date of January 1, 2019. Leases commenced or modified after the effective date have been, and we expect future commencements and modifications of leases in the future will continue to be, classified as operating leases and that we will qualify for the lessor practical expedient provided under ASU 2018-11 to not separate lease and non-lease components. Additionally, if following the effective date, our tenants have made or make payments for taxes or insurance directly to a third-party on behalf of the Company as the lessor, we have excluded and will exclude these amounts from the measurement of the contract consideration and consider these lessee costs. Otherwise, any recoveries of these costs are and will be recognized as lease revenue on a gross basis in our consolidated income statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity. The amendments in the ASU replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, which clarified that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the credit losses standards. For public entities, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which simplifies and expands the eligible hedging strategies for financial and nonfinancial risks by more closely aligning hedge accounting with a company’s risk management activities, and also simplifies the application of Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, through targeted improvements in key practice areas. In addition, the ASU prescribes how hedging results should be presented and requires incremental disclosures. Further, the ASU provides partial relief on the timing of certain aspects of hedge documentation and eliminates the requirement to recognize hedge ineffectiveness separately in earnings in the current period. For public entities, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU for existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption. The Company has evaluated the guidance and determined that the effects of ASU 2017-12 do not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but public entities will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. For public entities, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this new accounting guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (the “SOFR”) Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The guidance permits the use of the OIS rate based on the SOFR as a U.S. benchmark rate for purposes of applying hedge accounting. The SOFR is a volume-weighted median interest rate that is calculated daily based on overnight transactions from the prior day’s activity in specified segments of the U.S. Treasury repo market. It has been selected as the preferred replacement for the U.S. dollar London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), which will be phased out by the end of 2021. For public entities, the ASU is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period after issuance of the ASU. The Company has evaluated the guidance and determined that the effects of ASU 2018-16 do not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.