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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company has granted restricted common stock and restricted stock units (collectively, "restricted stock") and performance share units as long-term incentive awards to employees and non-employee directors under the BorgWarner Inc. 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (“2018 Plan”). The Company's Board of Directors adopted the 2018 Plan in February 2018, and the Company's stockholders approved the 2018 Plan at the annual meeting of stockholders on April 25, 2018. The 2018 Plan authorizes the issuance of a total of 7 million shares, of which approximately 5 million shares were available for future issuance as of December 31, 2020.

Restricted Stock The value of restricted stock is determined by the market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. In 2020, restricted stock in the amount of 778,954 shares and 30,674 shares was granted to employees and non-employee directors, respectively. As defined in the Transaction Agreement, Delphi Technologies’ restricted stock unit awards outstanding were either converted to BorgWarner restricted stock for all continuing employees or settled in cash for certain executives. The value of the awards is recognized as compensation expense ratably over the restriction periods. As of December 31, 2020, there was $37 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.6 years.

Restricted stock compensation expense recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations is as follows:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in millions, except per share data)202020192018
Restricted stock compensation expense$31 $30 $26 
Restricted stock compensation expense, net of tax$23 $23 $20 
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock for employees and non-employee directors is as follows:
 Shares subject to restriction
(thousands)		Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested at January 1, 20181,593 $38.86 
Granted737 $51.70 
Vested(556)$42.25 
    Forfeited(258)$44.51 
Nonvested at December 31, 20181,516 $42.97 
Granted1,082 $41.66 
Vested(724)$36.81 
Forfeited(210)$44.82 
Nonvested at December 31, 20191,664 $44.26 
Granted810 $33.94 
Vested(600)$44.85 
Forfeited(80)$40.20 
Converted*346 $39.54 
Nonvested at December 31, 20202,140 $39.58 
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*Represents outstanding Delphi Technologies restricted stock converted to BorgWarner restricted stock. The Delphi Technologies awards were converted using an exchange ratio of 0.4307 at the close of the acquisition.


Performance share units: The Company grants performance share units to members of senior management that vest at the end of three-year periods based the following metrics:
•Total Stockholder Return Units: This performance metric is based on the Company's performance in terms of total shareholder return relative to a peer group of automotive companies. Based on the Company’s relative ranking within the performance peer group, it is possible for none of the awards to vest or for a range up to 200% of the target shares to vest.
The Company recognizes compensation expense relating to its performance share plans ratably over the performance period regardless of whether the market conditions are expected to be achieved. Compensation expense associated with the performance share plans is calculated using a lattice model (Monte Carlo simulation).
As of December 31, 2020, there was $5 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.5 years.
•Relative Revenue Growth Units: This performance metric is based on the Company's performance in terms of revenue growth relative to the vehicle market over three-year performance periods. Based on the Company’s relative revenue growth in excess of the industry vehicle production, it is possible for none of the awards to vest or for a range up to 200% of the target shares to vest.
The value of this performance share award is determined by the market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense relating to its performance share plans over the performance period based on the number of shares expected to vest at the end of each reporting period. The actual performance of the Company is evaluated quarterly and the expense is adjusted according to the new projections.
As of December 31, 2020, there was $5 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.6 years. The unrecognized amount of compensation expense is based on projected performance as of December 31, 2020.
•Adjusted Earnings Per Share Units: Introduced in the first quarter of 2020, this performance metric is based on the Company’s earnings per share adjusted for certain one-time items and non-operating gains and losses against a pre-defined target measured in the third year of the performance period.
The value of this performance share award is determined by the adjusted earnings per share performance. The Company recognizes compensation expense relating to its performance share plans over the performance period based on the number of shares expected to vest at the end of each reporting period. The actual performance of the Company is evaluated quarterly, and the expense is adjusted according to the new projections.
As of December 31, 2020, there was $3 million of unrecognized compensation expense that will be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2 years.

The amounts expensed and common stock issued for performance share units for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Expense (in millions)Number of shares issued (in thousands)Expense (in millions)Number of shares issued (in thousands)Expense (in millions)Number of shares issued (in thousands)
Total Stockholder Return$5 165 $5 — $9 — 
Relative Revenue Growth4 340 7 315 18 249 
Adjusted Earnings Per Share1 — — — — — 
Total$10 505 $12 315 $27 249 

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested performance share units for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
Total Stockholder ReturnRelative Revenue GrowthAdjusted Earnings Per Share
Number of shares (in thousands)Weighted average grant date fair valueNumber of shares (in thousands)Weighted average grant date fair valueNumber of shares (in thousands)Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested at January 1, 2018355 $32.35 355 $39.42 — $— 
Granted287 $68.38 287 $50.82 — $— 
Vested— $— (166)$38.62 — $— 
Forfeited(345)$38.26 (179)$45.82 — $— 
Nonvested at December 31, 2018297 $60.35 297 $47.03 — $— 
Granted196 $51.52 196 $41.90 — $— 
Vested(160)$45.78 (160)$40.10 — $— 
Forfeited(93)$55.82 (93)$44.30 — $— 
Nonvested at December 31, 2019240 $64.61 240 $48.52 — $— 
Granted137 $28.55 137 $34.15 116 $34.16 
Vested(89)$69.75 (89)$51.29 — $— 
Forfeited(17)$57.36 (17)$45.35 (2)$34.11 
Nonvested at December 31, 2020271 $45.20 271 $40.57 114 $34.16