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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes is based upon an estimated annual tax rate for the year applied to federal, state and foreign income. On a quarterly basis, the annual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changed facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and each interim period thereafter.

At September 30, 2017, the Company's effective tax rate for the first nine months was 28.2%. This rate includes respective tax benefits of $1.2 million, $0.3 million, and $11.7 million which are associated with restructuring expense, merger and acquisition expense, and one-time tax adjustments that primarily resulted from tax audit settlements.

At September 30, 2016, the Company's effective tax rate for the first nine months was 32.6%. This rate includes tax benefits of $27.6 million and $5.9 million related to asset impairment and restructuring expense, respectively, as discussed in the Other Expense, net footnote to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and $3.7 million related to other one-time tax adjustments, as well as a tax expense of $2.2 million related to a gain associated with the release of certain Remy light vehicle aftermarket liabilities due to the expiration of a customer contract.

The annual effective tax rates differ from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to foreign rates which differ from those in the U.S., the realization of certain business tax credits, including foreign tax credits, and favorable permanent differences between book and tax treatment for certain items, including equity in affiliates' earnings.