10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

        ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

        ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-12254

SAUL CENTERS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	52-1833074
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7501 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (301) 986-6200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:	Trading symbol:	Name of exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	BFS	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	BFS/PRD	New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.000% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	BFS/PRE	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days.    Yes   ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   ☒    No   ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share outstanding as of April 29, 2024: 23,981,695.

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SAUL CENTERS, INC.

Table of Contents

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(a) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023	4
(b) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	5
(c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	6
(d) Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	7
(e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023	8
(f) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(a) Critical Accounting Policies	22
(b) Results of Operations:
Three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to three months ended March 31, 2023	23
Same property revenue and same property operating income	24
(c) Liquidity and Capital Resources	27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A. Risk Factors	34
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	34
Item 5. Other Information	34
Item 6. Exhibits	34
Signatures	35

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Real estate investments
Land	$	511,529	$	511,529
Buildings and equipment	1,599,887		1,595,023
Construction in progress	557,711		514,553
	2,669,127		2,621,105
Accumulated depreciation	(739,406)		(729,470)
Total real estate investments, net	1,929,721		1,891,635
Cash and cash equivalents	7,079		8,407
Accounts receivable and accrued income, net	53,814		56,032
Deferred leasing costs, net	23,931		23,728
Other assets	15,761		14,335
Total assets	$	2,030,306	$	1,994,137
Liabilities
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	927,256	$	935,451
Revolving credit facility payable, net	272,909		274,715
Term loan facility payable, net	99,568		99,530
Construction loans payable, net	108,917		77,305
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	62,988		57,022
Deferred income	21,610		22,748
Dividends and distributions payable	23,127		22,937
Total liabilities	1,516,375		1,489,708
Equity
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized:
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding	75,000		75,000
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding	110,000		110,000
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 24,099,077 and 24,082,887 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	241		241
Additional paid-in capital	450,781		449,959
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings	(292,213)		(288,825)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,278		2,014
Total Saul Centers, Inc. equity	347,087		348,389
Noncontrolling interests	166,844		156,040
Total equity	513,931		504,429
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,030,306	$	1,994,137

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Saul Centers, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Revenue
Rental revenue	$	65,299	$	61,829
Other	1,393		1,220
Total revenue	66,692		63,049
Expenses
Property operating expenses	10,545		8,785
Real estate taxes	7,623		7,495
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	12,448		11,821
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029		12,017
General and administrative	5,784		5,268
Total expenses	48,429		45,386
Net Income	18,263		17,663
Noncontrolling interests
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,633)		(4,161)
Net income attributable to Saul Centers, Inc.	13,630		13,502
Preferred stock dividends	(2,798)		(2,798)
Net income available to common stockholders	$	10,832	$	10,704
Per share net income available to common stockholders
Basic and diluted	$	0.45	$	0.45

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Saul Centers, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	18,263	$	17,663
Other comprehensive income
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	1,804		(2,014)
Total comprehensive income	20,067		15,649
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(5,173)		(3,597)
Total comprehensive income attributable to Saul Centers, Inc.	14,894		12,052
Preferred stock dividends	(2,798)		(2,798)
Total comprehensive income available to common stockholders	$	12,096	$	9,254

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Saul Centers, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(Unaudited) 

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Partnership Units in Escrow		Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Saul Centers, Inc.		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
Balance, January 1, 2024	$	185,000	$	241	$	449,959	$	—	$	(288,825)	$	2,014	$	348,389	$	156,040	$	504,429
Issuance of shares of common stock:
16,007 shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	—		—		603		—		—		—		603		—		603
183 shares due to share grants, exercise of stock options and issuance of directors’ deferred stock	—		—		219		—		—		—		219		—		219
Issuance of 306,512 partnership units pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,741		11,741
Net income	—		—		—		—		13,630		—		13,630		4,633		18,263
Change in unrealized gain/loss on cash flow hedge	—		—		—		—		—		1,264		1,264		540		1,804
Distributions payable preferred stock:
Series D, $38.28 per share	—		—		—		—		(1,148)		—		(1,148)		—		(1,148)
Series E, $37.50 per share	—		—		—		—		(1,650)		—		(1,650)		—		(1,650)
Distributions payable common stock ($0.59/share) and distributions payable partnership units ($0.59/unit)	—		—		—		—		(14,220)		—		(14,220)		(6,110)		(20,330)
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	185,000	$	241	$	450,781	$	—	$	(292,213)	$	3,278	$	347,087	$	166,844	$	513,931

Balance, January 1, 2023	$	185,000	$	240	$	446,301	$	39,650	$	(273,559)	$	2,852	$	400,484	$	121,318	$	521,802
Issuance of shares of common stock:
13,227 shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	—		—		543		—		—		—		543		—		543
699 shares due to share grants, exercise of stock options and issuance of directors’ deferred stock	—		—		290		—		—		—		290		—		290
Net income	—		—		—		—		13,502		—		13,502		4,161		17,663
Change in unrealized loss on cash flow hedge	—		—		—				—		(1,450)		(1,450)		(564)		(2,014)
Distributions payable preferred stock:
Series D, $38.28 per share	—		—		—		—		(1,148)		—		(1,148)		—		(1,148)
Series E, $37.50 per share	—		—		—		—		(1,650)		—		(1,650)		—		(1,650)
Distributions payable common stock ($0.59/share) and distributions payable partnership units ($0.59/unit)	—		—		—		—		(14,165)		—		(14,165)		(5,486)		(19,651)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	185,000	$	240	$	447,134	$	39,650	$	(277,020)	$	1,402	$	396,406	$	119,429	$	515,835

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Saul Centers, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	18,263	$	17,663
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029		12,017
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564		559
Non-cash compensation costs of stock and option grants	219		290
Credit losses (recoveries) on operating lease receivables, net	342		(96)
Decrease in accounts receivable and accrued income	1,876		3,805
Additions to deferred leasing costs	(1,262)		(1,519)
Decrease in other assets	377		1,083
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,558		2,495
Decrease in deferred income	(1,138)		(199)
Net cash provided by operating activities	33,828		36,098
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to real estate investments	(5,832)		(5,019)
Additions to development and redevelopment projects	(39,737)		(38,137)
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,569)		(43,156)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable	—		15,300
Repayments on mortgage notes payable	(8,527)		(17,419)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	27,000		41,000
Repayments on revolving credit facility	(29,000)		(11,000)
Proceeds from construction loans payable	31,533		—
Additions to deferred debt costs	—		(378)
Proceeds from the issuance of:
Common stock	603		543
Partnership units	11,741		—
Distributions to:
Series D preferred stockholders	(1,149)		(1,148)
Series E preferred stockholders	(1,650)		(1,650)
Common stockholders	(14,208)		(14,171)
Noncontrolling interests	(5,930)		(5,486)
Net cash provided by financing activities	10,413		5,591
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(1,328)		(1,467)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	8,407		13,279
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	7,079	$	11,812
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	11,960	$	11,002
Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	$	34,573	$	29,323

The Notes to Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.    Organization, Basis of Presentation

Saul Centers, Inc. (“Saul Centers”) was incorporated under the Maryland General Corporation Law on June 10, 1993, and operates as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company is required to annually distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders and meet certain organizational and other requirements. Saul Centers has made and intends to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to its stockholders. Saul Centers, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the limited partnerships of which Saul Centers or one of its subsidiaries is the sole general partner, are referred to collectively as the “Company.” B. Francis Saul II serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and Chief Executive Officer of Saul Centers.

The Company, which conducts all of its activities through its subsidiaries, Saul Holdings Limited Partnership, a Maryland limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and two subsidiary limited partnerships (the “Subsidiary Partnerships,” and, collectively with the Operating Partnership, the “Partnerships”), engages in the ownership, operation, management, leasing, acquisition, renovation, expansion, development and financing of community and neighborhood shopping centers and mixed-use properties, primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s properties (the “Current Portfolio Properties”) consisted of 50 shopping center properties (the “Shopping Centers”), seven mixed-use properties, which are comprised of office, retail and multi-family residential uses (the “Mixed-Use Properties”) and four (non-operating) land and development properties.

Because the properties are located primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area, the Company is subject to a concentration of credit risk related to these properties. The Shopping Centers, a majority of which are anchored by one or more major tenants and 34 of which are anchored by a grocery store, offer primarily day-to-day necessities and services. Giant Food, a tenant at 11 Shopping Centers, individually accounted for 4.9% of the Company's total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024. No other tenant individually accounted for 2.5% or more of the Company’s total revenue, excluding lease termination fees, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Saul Centers and its subsidiaries, including the Partnerships, which are majority owned by Saul Centers. Substantially all assets and liabilities of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are comprised of the assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. Debt arrangements subject to recourse are described in Note 5. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) because the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership because it has the power to direct its activities and the rights to absorb 69.8% of its net income. Because the Operating Partnership is consolidated into the financial statements of the Company, classification of it as a VIE has no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the interim periods have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to those instructions. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

2.     Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 have not changed significantly in number or composition.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to collectability of operating lease receivables and impairment of real estate properties. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable, Accrued Income and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of rental and reimbursement billings due from tenants, and straight-line rent receivables representing the cumulative amount of adjustments necessary to present rental income on a straight-line basis. Individual leases are assessed for collectability and, upon the determination that the collection of rents is not probable, accrued rent and accounts receivable are charged off, and the charge off is reflected as an adjustment to rental revenue. Revenue from leases where collection is not probable is recorded on a cash basis until collectability is determined to be probable. Further, we assess whether operating lease receivables, at the portfolio level, are appropriately valued based upon an analysis of balances outstanding, historical bad debt levels and current economic trends. Evaluating and estimating uncollectable lease payments and related receivables requires significant judgement by management and is based on the best information available to management at the time of evaluation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods and permits more than one measure of segment profit (loss) to be reported under certain conditions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Retrospective adoption to all periods presented is required. The Company does not expect the adoption ASU 2023-07 will impact our consolidated financial statements and we are evaluating the impact it will have on our related disclosures.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the presentation used as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

3.    Real Estate

Construction In Progress

Construction in progress includes land, preconstruction and development costs of active projects. Preconstruction costs include legal, zoning and permitting costs and other project carrying costs incurred prior to the commencement of construction. Development costs include direct construction costs and indirect costs incurred subsequent to the start of construction such as architectural, engineering, construction management and carrying costs consisting of interest, real estate taxes and insurance.

Construction in progress as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is composed of the following:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Twinbrook Quarter (1)	$	378,793	$	355,113
Hampden House (2)	163,903		142,240
Other	15,015		17,200
Total	$	557,711	$	514,553

(1) Includes capitalized interest of $29.1 million and $25.5 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2) Includes capitalized interest of $15.7 million and $14.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Leases

We lease Shopping Centers and Mixed-Use Properties to lessees in exchange for monthly rental payments and, where applicable, reimbursement for property taxes, insurance, and certain property operating expenses. Our leases have been determined to be operating leases and generally range in term from one to 15 years.

Some of our leases have termination options and/or extension options. Termination options allow the lessee and/or lessor to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term, provided certain conditions are met. Termination options generally require advance notification from the lessee and/or lessor and payment of a termination fee. Termination fees are recognized as revenue over the modified lease term. Extension options are subject to terms and conditions stated in the lease.

An operating lease right of use asset and corresponding lease liability related to our headquarters sublease are reflected in other assets and other liabilities, respectively. The sublease expires on February 28, 2027. The right of use asset and corresponding lease liability totaled $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively, at March 31, 2024.

Deferred Leasing Costs

Deferred leasing costs primarily consist of initial direct costs incurred in connection with successful property leasing and amounts attributed to in-place leases associated with acquired properties. Such amounts are capitalized and amortized, using the straight-line method, over the term of the lease or the remaining term of an acquired lease. Initial direct costs primarily consist of leasing commissions, which are incremental costs paid to third-party brokers and lease commissions paid to certain employees when obtaining a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. Unamortized deferred costs are charged to expense if the applicable lease is terminated prior to expiration of the initial lease term. Collectively, deferred leasing costs totaled $23.9 million and $23.7 million, net of accumulated amortization of $54.2 million and $53.7 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Amortization expense, included in depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $1.0 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Real Estate Investment Properties

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method and estimated useful lives of generally between 35 and 50 years for base buildings, or a shorter period if management determines that the building has a shorter useful life, and up to 20 years for certain other improvements that extend the useful lives. Leasehold improvement expenditures are capitalized when certain criteria are met, including when the Company supervises construction and will own the improvements. Tenant improvements are amortized, over the shorter of the lives of the related leases or the useful life of the improvements, using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations totaled $11.0 million and $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Repairs and maintenance expense totaled $5.0 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in property operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on any of its real estate during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

4.    Noncontrolling Interests - Holders of Convertible Limited Partnership Units in the Operating Partnership

As of March 31, 2024, the B. F. Saul Company and certain other affiliated entities, each of which is controlled by B. Francis Saul II and his family members, (collectively, the “Saul Organization”) held an aggregate 28.8% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership represented by approximately 9.9 million convertible limited partnership units. These units are convertible into shares of Saul Centers’ common stock, at the option of the unit holder, on a one-for-one basis provided that, in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the rights may not be exercised at any time that the Saul Organization beneficially owns or will own after the exercise, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate more than 39.9% of the value of the outstanding common stock and preferred stock of Saul Centers, excluding shares credited to directors' deferred fee accounts (See Note 8). As of March 31, 2024, approximately 659,000 units could be converted into shares of Saul Centers common stock.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2024, a third party investor holds a 1.4% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership represented by 469,740 convertible limited partnership units. At the option of the unit holder, these units are convertible into shares of Saul Centers’ common stock on a one-for-one basis; provided that, in lieu of the delivery of Saul Centers’ common stock, Saul Centers may, in its sole discretion, deliver cash in an amount equal to the value of such Saul Centers’ common stock.

The impact of the aggregate 30.2% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership held by parties other than Saul Centers is reflected as Noncontrolling Interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Weighted average fully diluted partnership units and common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was approximately 34.4 million and 34.0 million, respectively.

5.    Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

At March 31, 2024, the Company had a $525.0 million senior unsecured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) comprised of a $425.0 million revolving credit facility and a $100.0 million term loan. The revolving credit facility matures on August 29, 2025, and may be extended by the Company for one additional year, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The term loan matures on February 26, 2027. Interest accrues at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 10 basis points plus an applicable spread, which is determined by certain leverage tests. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable spread for borrowings was 140 basis points related to the revolving credit facility and 135 basis points related to the term loan. Letters of credit may be issued under the Credit Facility. On March 31, 2024, based on the value of the Company’s unencumbered properties calculated in accordance with the terms of the Credit Facility, approximately $127.6 million was available and undrawn under the Credit Facility and $374.0 million was outstanding.

On August 23, 2022, the Company entered into two floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The effective date of each swap agreement is October 3, 2022 and each has a $50.0 million notional amount. One agreement terminates on October 1, 2027 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.96%. The other agreement terminates on October 1, 2030 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.91%. Because the interest-rate swaps effectively fix SOFR for $100.0 million of variable-rate debt, unless otherwise indicated, $100.0 million of variable-rate debt is being treated as fixed-rate debt for disclosure purposes beginning September 30, 2022. The Company has designated the agreements as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the interest-rate swaps totaled approximately $4.5 million, which is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in value during the period is reflected in Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $145.0 million construction-to-permanent loan related to the residential and retail portions of Phase I of the Twinbrook Quarter development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $90.3 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $133.0 million loan related to the Hampden House development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $18.6 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

Saul Centers and certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have guaranteed the payment obligations of the Operating Partnership under the Credit Facility. The Operating Partnership is the guarantor of (a) the mortgage secured by Kentlands Place, Kentlands Square I and Kentlands pad (totaling $27.1 million at March 31, 2024), (b) a portion of The Waycroft mortgage (approximately $23.6 million of the $148.1 million outstanding balance at March 31, 2024, (c) the Ashbrook Marketplace mortgage (totaling $20.1 million at March 31, 2024), and (d) a portion of the Avenel Business Park mortgage (approximately $6.3 million of the $21.3 million outstanding balance at March 31, 2024).

The Company provides a repayment guaranty of 100% of the loan secured by Twinbrook Quarter during construction and lease-up. Such guaranty is expected to be reduced in the future as the development achieves certain metrics. As of March 31, 2024, the loan balance and the amount guaranteed were $92.8 million. The Company also provides the lender with a 100% construction completion guaranty.

The Company provides a limited repayment guaranty of $26.6 million during construction and lease-up for the loan secured by Hampden House. Such guaranty is expected to be reduced in the future as the development achieves certain metrics.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2024, the loan balance and the amount guaranteed was $21.4 million. The Company also provides the lender with a 100% construction completion guaranty.

All other notes payable are non-recourse.

The principal amount of the Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $1.43 billion at March 31, 2024, of which approximately $1.15 billion was fixed-rate debt and approximately $274.0 million was unhedged variable rate debt outstanding under the Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the properties collateralizing the notes payable totaled approximately $1.56 billion as of March 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $1.41 billion, of which $1.13 billion was fixed rate debt and $276.0 million was unhedged variable rate debt outstanding under the Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the properties collateralizing the notes payable totaled approximately $1.52 billion as of December 31, 2023.

At March 31, 2024, the future principal payments of debt, including scheduled maturities and amortization, for years ending December 31, were as follows:

(In thousands)	Principal Payments
April 1 through December 31, 2024	$	75,457
2025	326,086		(a)
2026	163,051
2027	126,589		(b)
2028	44,770
2029	52,627
Thereafter	638,711
Principal amount	1,427,291
Unamortized deferred debt costs	18,641
Net	$	1,408,650

(a) Includes $274.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

(b) Includes $100.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

Deferred debt costs consist of fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing, construction financing and the Credit Facility. These fees and costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective loans or agreements, which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred debt costs totaling $18.6 million and $19.3 million, net of accumulated amortization of $11.3 million and $10.6 million, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are reflected as a reduction of the related debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Interest incurred	$	18,084	$	15,513
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564		559
Capitalized interest	(6,168)		(4,142)
Interest expense	12,480		11,930
Less: Interest income	32		109
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	$	12,448	$	11,821

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6.    Equity

The consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect noncontrolling interests of $4.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively, representing income attributable to limited partnership units not held by Saul Centers.

At March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding 3.0 million depositary shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series D Stock”). The depositary shares are redeemable at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at the $25.00 liquidation preference, plus accrued but unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The depositary shares pay an annual dividend of $1.53125 per share, equivalent to 6.125% of the $25.00 liquidation preference. The Series D Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company except in connection with certain changes in control or delisting events. Investors in the depositary shares generally have no voting rights, but will have limited voting rights if the Company fails to pay dividends for six or more quarters (whether or not declared or consecutive) and in certain other events.

At March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding 4.4 million depositary shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.000% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Stock”). The depositary shares may be redeemed at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, on or after September 17, 2024, at the $25.00 liquidation preference, plus accrued but unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The depositary shares pay an annual dividend of $1.50 per share, equivalent to 6.000% of the $25.00 liquidation preference. The Series E Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company except in connection with certain changes in control or delisting events. Investors in the depositary shares generally have no voting rights, but will have limited voting rights if the Company fails to pay dividends for six or more quarters (whether or not declared or consecutive) and in certain other events.

Per Share Data

Per share data for net income (basic and diluted) is computed using weighted average shares of common stock. Convertible limited partnership units and employee stock options are the Company’s potentially dilutive securities. For all periods presented, the convertible limited partnership units are non-dilutive. The following table sets forth, for the indicated periods, weighted averages of the number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, the effect of dilutive options and the number of options which are not dilutive because the average price of the Company’s common stock was less than the exercise prices. The treasury stock method was used to measure the effect of the dilution.

	Average Shares/Options Outstanding
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024	2023
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Basic	24,094	24,026
Effect of dilutive options	3	—
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Diluted	24,097	24,026
Non-dilutive options	1,365	1,768
Years non-dilutive options were issued	2014 through 2022	2013 through 2022

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

7.     Related Party Transactions

The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, the President and Chief Operating Officer, the Executive Vice President-Chief Legal and Administrative Officer and the Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer of the Company are also officers of various members of the Saul Organization and their management time is shared with the Saul Organization. Their annual compensation is fixed by the Compensation Committee of the Board, with the exception of the Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer whose share of annual compensation allocated to the Company is determined by the shared services agreement (described below).

The Company participates in a multiemployer 401K plan with entities in the Saul Organization which covers those full-time employees who meet the requirements as specified in the plan. Company contributions, which are included in general and administrative expense or property operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, at the discretionary amount of up to 6% of the employee’s cash compensation, subject to certain limits, were $118,000 and $111,800 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All amounts contributed by employees and the Company are fully vested.

The Company also participates in a multiemployer nonqualified deferred compensation plan with entities in the Saul Organization which covers those full-time employees who meet the requirements as specified in the plan. According to the plan, which can be modified or discontinued at any time, participating employees defer 2% of their compensation in excess of a specified amount. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company credited to employee accounts $49,300 and $63,000, respectively, which is the sum of accrued earnings and up to three times the amount deferred by employees and is included in general and administrative expense. All amounts contributed by employees and credited by the Company are fully vested. The cumulative unfunded liability under this plan was $3.2 million and $3.3 million, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company and the Saul Organization are parties to a shared services agreement (the “Agreement”) that provides for the sharing of certain personnel and ancillary functions such as computer hardware, software, and support services and certain direct and indirect administrative personnel. The method for determining the cost of the shared services is provided for in the Agreement and is based upon head count, estimates of usage or estimates of time incurred, as applicable. The terms of the Agreement and the payments made thereunder are deemed reasonable by management and are reviewed annually by the Audit Committee of the Board, which consists entirely of independent directors. Net billings by the Saul Organization for the Company’s share of these ancillary costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, which included rental expense for the Company’s headquarters sublease, totaled approximately $3.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The amounts are generally expensed as incurred and are primarily reported as general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities included approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, representing amounts due to the Saul Organization for the Company’s share of these ancillary costs and expenses.

The Company subleases its corporate headquarters space from a member of the Saul Organization. The sublease commenced in March 2002, expires in 2027, and provides for base rent increases of 3% per year, with payment of a pro-rata share of operating expenses over a base year amount. The Agreement requires each party to pay an allocation of total rental payments based on a percentage proportionate to the number of employees employed by each party. The Company’s rent expense for its headquarters location was $216,200 and $219,400 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expense.

The B. F. Saul Insurance Agency, Inc., a subsidiary of the B. F. Saul Company and a member of the Saul Organization, is a general insurance agency that receives commissions and fees in connection with the Company’s insurance program. Such commissions and fees amounted to $82,000 and $222,100 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

8.     Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors

In 2004, the Company established a stock incentive plan (the “Plan”), as amended. Under the Plan, options are granted at an exercise price not less than the market value of the common stock on the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of grant. Officer options vest ratably over four years following the grant and are charged to expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Director options vest immediately and are charged to expense as of the date of grant. 

The Company uses the fair value method to value and account for employee stock options. The fair value of options granted is determined at the time of the grant using the Black-Scholes model, a widely used method for valuing stock-based employee compensation, and the following assumptions: (1) Expected Volatility determined using the most recent trading history of the Company’s common stock (month-end closing prices) corresponding to the average expected term of the options; (2) Average Expected Term of the options based on prior exercise history, scheduled vesting and the expiration date; (3) Expected Dividend Yield determined by management after considering the Company’s current and historic dividend yield, the Company’s yield in relation to other retail REITs and the Company’s market yield at the grant date; and (4) a Risk-free Interest Rate based upon the market yields of US Treasury obligations with maturities corresponding to the average expected term of the options at the grant date. The Company amortizes the value of options granted ratably over the vesting period and includes the amounts as compensation expense in general and administrative expenses.

Pursuant to the Plan, the Compensation Committee established a Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors for the benefit of the Company’s directors and their beneficiaries. Annually, directors are given the ability to make an election to defer all or part of their fees and have the option to have their fees paid in cash, in shares of common stock or in a combination of cash and shares of common stock upon separation from the Board. If a director elects to have their fees paid in stock, fees earned during a calendar quarter are aggregated and divided by the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the following quarter to determine the number of shares to be credited to the director. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 1,991 shares were credited to director’s deferred fee accounts and 7,970 shares were issued. As of March 31, 2024, the director's deferred fee accounts comprise 117,382 shares.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, stock option expense totaling $0.2 million was included in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of March 31, 2024, the estimated future expense related to unvested stock options was $1.7 million.

The table below summarizes the option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price per share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1	1,820,000	$	49.41	$	1,197,380
Granted	—	—		—
Exercised	—	—		—
Expired/Forfeited	(240,625)	52.41		—
Outstanding at March 31	1,579,375	48.95		1,008,150
Exercisable at March 31	997,375	52.15		141,000

The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding or exercisable measures the price difference between the options’ exercise price and the closing share price quoted by the New York Stock Exchange as of the date of measurement. There were no options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. At March 28, 2024, the final trading day of the 2024 first quarter, the closing share price of $38.49 was lower than the exercise price of 1.4 million outstanding options granted in 2014 through 2022. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the Company’s outstanding and exercisable options is 5.3 years and 3.9 years, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

9.     Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value. The aggregate fair value of the notes payable with fixed-rate payment terms was determined using Level 2 data in a discounted cash flow approach, which is based upon management’s estimate of borrowing rates and loan terms currently available to the Company for fixed-rate financing, would be approximately $947.8 million and $957.9 million, respectively, compared to the principal balance of $1.15 billion and $1.13 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. A change in any of the significant inputs may lead to a change in the Company’s fair value measurement of its debt.

10.     Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to mitigate the volatility of interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The change in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with certain variable-rate debt.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that approximately $2.0 million will be reclassified from other comprehensive income and reflected as a decrease to interest expense.

The Company carries its interest-rate swaps at fair value. The Company has determined the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy with the exception of the impact of counter-party risk, which was determined using Level 3 inputs and is not significant. Derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their values are determined using third-party pricing models that contain inputs that are derived from observable market data. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit spreads, measures of volatility, and correlations of such inputs. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the interest-rate swaps was approximately $4.5 million and is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in value during the period is reflected in Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The table below details the fair value and location of the interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(In thousands)	Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Derivative Instrument	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swaps	Other Assets	$	4,546	Other Assets	$	2,742

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The table below details the location in the financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

(In thousands)	The Effect of Hedge Accounting on Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI	$	2,411	$	(1,618)
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs		Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	$	(608)	$	(396)

11.    Commitments and Contingencies

Neither the Company nor the Current Portfolio Properties are subject to any material litigation, nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company, other than routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that these items, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on the Company or the Current Portfolio Properties.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

12.    Business Segments

The Company has two reportable business segments: Shopping Centers and Mixed-Use Properties. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2). The Company evaluates performance based upon income and cash flows from real estate of the combined properties in each segment. All of our properties within each segment generate similar types of revenues and expenses related to tenant rent, reimbursements and operating expenses. Although services are provided to a variety of tenants, the types of services provided to them are similar within each segment. The properties in each portfolio have similar economic characteristics and the nature of the products and services provided to our tenants and the method to distribute such services are consistent throughout the portfolio. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year information to conform to the 2024 presentation.

Financial Information By Segment
(In thousands)	Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use Properties		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	46,932	$	19,760	$	—	$	66,692
Expenses	(10,963)		(7,205)		—		(18,168)
Income from real estate	35,969		12,555		—		48,524
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(12,448)		(12,448)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,074)		(4,955)		—		(12,029)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,784)		(5,784)
Net income (loss)	$	28,895	$	7,600	$	(18,232)	$	18,263
Capital investment	$	4,141	$	41,428	$	—	$	45,569
Total assets	$	910,897	$	1,101,586	$	17,823	$	2,030,306
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	44,225	$	18,824	$	—	$	63,049
Expenses	(9,260)		(7,020)		—		(16,280)
Income from real estate	34,965		11,804		—		46,769
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(11,821)		(11,821)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,128)		(4,889)		—		(12,017)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,268)		(5,268)
Net income (loss)	$	27,837	$	6,915	$	(17,089)	$	17,663
Capital investment	$	1,667	$	41,489	$	—	$	43,156
Total assets	$	716,710	$	1,133,155	$	18,140	$	1,868,005

13. Subsequent Events

The Company has reviewed all events and transactions for the period subsequent to March 31, 2024, and determined there are no subsequent events required to be disclosed.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the accompanying notes in “Item 1. Financial Statements” of this report and the more detailed information contained in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Historical results and percentage relationships set forth in Item 1 and this section should not be taken as indicative of future operations of the Company. Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this section have the meanings given to them in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained herein constitute forward-looking statements as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. Our future results, financial condition and business may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as “plans,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes” or similar expressions in this Form 10-Q. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based upon present expectations and reasonable assumptions, our actual results could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law. The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:

•the ability of our tenants to pay rent;

•our reliance on shopping center “anchor” tenants and other significant tenants;

•our substantial relationships with members of the Saul Organization;

•risks of financing, such as increases in interest rates, restrictions imposed by our debt, our ability to meet existing financial covenants and our ability to consummate planned and additional financings on acceptable terms;

•our development activities;

•our access to additional capital;

•our ability to successfully complete additional acquisitions, developments or redevelopments, or if they are consummated, whether such acquisitions, developments or redevelopments perform as expected;

•adverse trends in the retail, office and residential real estate sectors;

•risks relating to cybersecurity, including disruption to our business and operations and exposure to liabilities from tenants, employees, capital providers, and other third parties;

•risks generally incident to the ownership of real property, including adverse changes in economic conditions, changes in the investment climate for real estate, changes in real estate taxes and other operating expenses, adverse changes in governmental rules and fiscal policies, the relative illiquidity of real estate and environmental risks; and

•risks related to our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, such as the existence of complex regulations relating to our status as a REIT, the effect of future changes to REIT requirements as a result of new legislation and the adverse consequences of the failure to qualify as a REIT.

Additional information related to these risks and uncertainties are included in “Risk Factors” (Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023), “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-Q and Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023), and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” (Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q).

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General

The following discussion is based primarily on the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Overview

The Company’s primary strategy is to continue to focus on diversification of its assets through development of transit-oriented, residential mixed-use projects and expansion of and additions to its grocery-anchored shopping centers in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. The Company’s operating strategy also includes improvement of the operating performance of its assets, internal growth of its Shopping Centers through the development of pad sites, and supplementing its development pipeline with selective redevelopment and renovations of its core Shopping Centers. Including Twinbrook Quarter and Hampden House, the Company has a pipeline of entitled sites in its portfolio, some of which are currently Shopping Centers, for development of up to 3,700 apartment units and 975,000 square feet of retail and office space. All such sites are located proximate to Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority red line Metro stations in Montgomery County, Maryland.

The Company intends to selectively add free-standing pad site buildings within its Shopping Center portfolio and replace underperforming tenants with tenants that generate strong traffic, including anchor stores such as supermarkets and drug stores. The Company has executed leases or leases under negotiation for four more pad sites.

In recent years, there has been a limited amount of quality properties for sale. Management believes it will continue to be challenging to identify acquisition opportunities for investment in existing and new shopping center and mixed-use properties into the near future. It is management’s view that several of the sub-markets in which the Company operates have, or are expected to have in the future, attractive supply/demand characteristics. The Company will continue to evaluate acquisition, development and redevelopment as integral parts of its overall business plan.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic conditions within the local Washington, DC metropolitan area had remained relatively stable. Issues facing the Federal government relating to taxation, spending and interest rate policy will likely continue to impact the office, retail and residential real estate markets over the coming years. Because the majority of the Company’s property operating income is produced by our Shopping Centers, we continually monitor the implications of government policy changes, as well as shifts in consumer demand between on-line and in-store shopping, on future shopping center construction and retailer store expansion and closure plans. Based on our observations, we continue to adapt our marketing and merchandising strategies in ways to maximize our future performance.  The Company's commercial leasing percentage, on a same property basis, which excludes the impact of properties not in operation for the entirety of the comparable periods, increased to 94.6% at March 31, 2024, from 93.9% at March 31, 2023.

The Company maintains a ratio of total debt to total estimated asset market value of under 50%, which allows the Company to obtain additional secured borrowings if necessary. As of March 31, 2024, including the $100.0 million hedged variable-rate debt, total fixed-rate debt with staggered maturities from 2024 to 2041 represented approximately 80.8% of the Company’s notes payable, thus mitigating refinancing risk. The Company’s unhedged variable-rate debt consists of $274.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility. The relatively low amount of variable-rate debt limits our exposure to near-term interest rate fluctuations. Our current development projects are partially funded with long-term, fixed-rate construction-to-permanent debt, which is included in our total fixed-rate debt mentioned above, which also mitigates our exposure to interest-rate fluctuations and refinance risk. Including fixed and variable rate debt, the Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $1.43 billion with a weighted average remaining term of 7.3 years as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has availability of approximately $127.6 million under its Credit Facility.

Recent Developments

The Company is developing Twinbrook Quarter Phase I (“Phase I”) located in Rockville, Maryland. Phase I includes an 80,000 square foot Wegmans supermarket, approximately 25,000 square feet of small shop space, 452 apartment units and a 230,000 square foot office building. The office tower portion of Phase I is not being constructed at this time. In connection with the development of the residential and retail portions of Phase I, we must also invest in infrastructure and other items that will support both Phase I and other portions of the development of Twinbrook Quarter. Excluding imputed capitalized interest, the total cost of the project is expected to be approximately $331.5 million, of which $271.4 million is related to the development of the residential and retail portions of Phase I and $60.1 million is related to infrastructure and other items. Of the expected $331.5 million total cost, $283.1 million has been invested to date. A portion of the cost of the project is being financed by a $145.0 million construction-to-permanent loan. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on the loan and, as of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the loan was $90.3 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs. Sitework and ground floor retail façade work continues around all four sides of the building. Apartment unit construction is in process on levels two through 12 and work is in process on the lobbies and interior amenity spaces. Initial

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delivery of Phase I is anticipated in late 2024. The development potential of all phases of the entire 18.4 acre Twinbrook Quarter site totals 1,865 residential units, 473,000 square feet of retail space, and 431,000 square feet of office space.

The Company is developing Hampden House, a project located in downtown Bethesda, Maryland that will include up to 366 apartment units and 10,100 square feet of retail space. Excluding imputed capitalized interest, the total cost of the project is expected to be approximately $246.4 million, of which $153.0 million has been invested to date. A portion of the cost of the project is being financed by a $133.0 million construction-to-permanent loan. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on the loan and, as of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the loan was $18.6 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs. Above grade construction of the structure is nearing completion and has topped out at the roof level. Exterior sheathing and window installation have begun. Interior framing and installation of mechanical, electrical and plumbing infrastructure is underway. Construction is expected to be completed in late 2025.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reporting of financial position and results of operations. If judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied resulting in a different presentation of the financial statements. The Company has identified the following policies that, due to estimates and assumptions inherent in these policies, involve a relatively high degree of judgment and complexity.

Real Estate Investments

Real estate investment properties are stated at historic cost less depreciation. Although the Company intends to own its real estate investment properties over a long term, from time to time it will evaluate its market position, market conditions, and other factors and may elect to sell properties that do not conform to the Company’s investment profile. Management believes that the Company’s real estate assets have generally appreciated in value since their acquisition or development and, accordingly, the aggregate current value exceeds their aggregate net book value and also exceeds the value of the Company’s liabilities as reported in the financial statements. Because the financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, they do not report the current fair market value of the Company’s real estate investment properties.

If there is an event or change in circumstance that indicates a potential impairment in the value of a real estate investment property, the Company prepares an analysis to determine whether the carrying amount of the real estate investment property exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company considers both quantitative and qualitative factors when identifying impairment indicators including recurring operating losses, significant decreases in occupancy, and significant adverse changes in market conditions, legal factors and business climate. If impairment indicators are present, the Company compares the projected cash flows of the property over its remaining useful life, on an undiscounted basis, to the carrying amount of that property. The Company assesses its undiscounted projected cash flows based upon estimated capitalization rates, historic operating results and market conditions that may affect the property. If the carrying amount is greater than the undiscounted projected cash flows, the Company would recognize an impairment loss equivalent to an amount required to adjust the carrying amount to its then estimated fair value. The fair value of any property is sensitive to the actual results of any of the aforementioned estimated factors, either individually or taken as a whole. Should the actual results differ from management’s projections, the valuation could be negatively or positively affected.

Accounts Receivable, Accrued Income, and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable primarily represent amounts currently due from tenants in accordance with the terms of their respective leases. Individual leases are assessed for collectability and, upon the determination that the collection of rents is not probable, accrued rent and accounts receivable are charged off, and the charge off is reflected as an adjustment to rental revenue. Revenue from leases where collection is not probable is recorded on a cash basis until collectability is determined to be probable. We also assess whether operating lease receivables, at the portfolio level, are appropriately valued based upon an analysis of balances outstanding, effects of tenant bankruptcies, historical levels of bad debt and current economic trends. Evaluating and estimating uncollectable lease payments and related receivables requires a significant amount of judgment by management and is based on the best information available to management at the time of evaluation. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

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Legal Contingencies

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, which are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes the final outcome of current matters will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position or the results of operations. Upon determination that a loss is probable to occur, the estimated amount of the loss is recorded in the financial statements. Both the amount of the loss and the point at which its occurrence is considered probable can be difficult to determine.

Results of Operations

Three months ended March 31, 2024 (the “2024 Quarter”) compared to the three months ended March 31, 2023 (the “2023 Quarter”)

Net income for the 2024 Quarter increased to $18.3 million from $17.7 million for the 2023 Quarter. Significant changes in revenue and expenses are discussed below.

Revenue 

	Three Months Ended March 31,				2023 to 2024 Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Base rent	$	53,098	$	51,448	$	1,650	3.2	%
Expense recoveries	10,566		8,912		1,654		18.6	%
Percentage rent	878		903		(25)		(2.8)	%
Other property revenue	1,099		470		629		133.8	%
Credit (losses) recoveries on operating lease receivables, net	(342)		96		(438)		NM
Rental revenue	65,299		61,829		3,470		5.6	%
Other revenue	1,393		1,220		173		14.2	%
Total revenue	$	66,692	$	63,049	$	3,643	5.8	%

NM = Not Meaningful

Base rent includes $13,500 and $(322,100) for the 2024 Quarter and 2023 Quarter, respectively, to recognize base rent on a straight-line basis. In addition, base rent includes $244,600 and $316,100, for the 2024 Quarter and 2023 Quarter, respectively, to recognize income from the amortization of in-place leases acquired in connection with purchased real estate investment properties.

Total revenue increased 5.8% in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter, as described below.

Base rent. The $1.7 million increase in base rent in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to (a) higher commercial base rent of $1.4 million and (b) higher residential base rent of $0.3 million.

Expense recoveries. The $1.7 million increase in expense recoveries in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to an increase in recoverable property operating expenses.

Other property revenue. The $0.6 million increase in other revenue in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to insurance proceeds relating to lost rents because of a tenant that temporarily closed its operations.

Other revenue. The $0.2 million increase in other revenue in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to higher lease termination fees.

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Expenses

	Three Months Ended March 31,				2023 to 2024 Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Property operating expenses	$	10,545	$	8,785	$	1,760	20.0	%
Real estate taxes	7,623		7,495		128		1.7	%
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	12,448		11,821		627		5.3	%
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029		12,017		12		0.1	%
General and administrative	5,784		5,268		516		9.8	%
Total expenses	$	48,429	$	45,386	$	3,043	6.7	%

Total expenses increased 6.7% in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter, as described below.

Property operating expenses. The $1.8 million increase in property operating expenses in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to higher repairs and maintenance expenses across the portfolio of $1.7 million, of which approximately $1.3 million is an increase in snow removal costs.

Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs. The $0.6 million increase in interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter is primarily attributable to (a) higher interest incurred as a result of higher average outstanding debt of $2.1 million and (b) higher interest incurred as a result of higher weighted average interest rates of $0.5 million, partially offset by (c) higher capitalization of interest of $2.0 million related to Twinbrook Quarter Phase I and Hampden House.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased 9.8% in the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter primarily due to (a) higher consulting fees of $0.2 million, (b) higher employment costs of $0.1 million, and (c) higher legal fees of $0.1 million.

Same property revenue and same property operating income

Same property revenue and same property operating income are non-GAAP financial measures of performance that management believes improve the comparability of reporting periods by excluding the results of properties that were not in operation for the entirety of the comparable reporting periods.

We define same property revenue as total revenue minus the revenue of properties not in operation for the entirety of the comparable reporting periods, and we define same property operating income as net income plus (a) interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs, (b) depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs, (c) general and administrative expenses, (d) change in fair value of derivatives, and (e) loss on the early extinguishment of debt minus (f) gains on property dispositions and (g) the operating income of properties that were not in operation for the entirety of the comparable periods.

Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating same property revenue and same property operating income. Accordingly, our same property revenue and same property operating income may not be comparable to those of other REITs.

Same property revenue and same property operating income are used by management to evaluate and compare the operating performance of our properties, and to determine trends in earnings, because these measures are not affected by the cost of our funding, the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses, gains or losses from the acquisition and sale of operating real estate assets, general and administrative expenses or other gains and losses that relate to ownership of our properties. We believe the exclusion of these items from property revenue and property operating income is useful because the resulting measures capture the actual revenue generated and actual expenses incurred by operating our properties.

Same property revenue and same property operating income are measures of the operating performance of our properties but do not measure our performance as a whole. Such measures are therefore not substitutes for total revenue, net income or operating income as computed in accordance with GAAP.

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The tables below provide reconciliations of total property revenue and property operating income under GAAP to same property revenue and operating income for the indicated periods. No properties were excluded from same property results.

Same property revenue

(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Total revenue	$	66,692	$	63,049
Less: Acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same property revenue	$	66,692	$	63,049
Shopping Centers	$	46,932	$	44,225
Mixed-Use properties	19,760		18,824
Total same property revenue	$	66,692	$	63,049
Total Shopping Center revenue	$	46,932	$	44,225
Less: Shopping Center acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same Shopping Center revenue	$	46,932	$	44,225
Total Mixed-Use property revenue	$	19,760	$	18,824
Less: Mixed-Use acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same Mixed-Use revenue	$	19,760	$	18,824

The $3.6 million increase in same property revenue for the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter was primarily due to (a) higher expense recoveries of $1.7 million, (b) higher commercial base rent of $1.4 million and (c) higher residential base rent of $0.3 million.

Mixed-Use same property revenue is composed of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Office mixed-use properties (1)	$	9,753	$	9,145
Residential mixed-use properties (residential activity) (2)	8,838		8,532
Residential mixed-use properties (retail activity) (3)	1,169		1,147
Total Mixed-Use same property revenue	$	19,760	$	18,824

(1)Includes Avenel Business Park, Clarendon Center – North and South Blocks, 601 Pennsylvania Avenue and Washington Square

(2)Includes Clarendon South Block, The Waycroft and Park Van Ness

(3)Includes The Waycroft and Park Van Ness

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Same property operating income

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Net income	$	18,263	$	17,663
Add: Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	12,448		11,821
Add: Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029		12,017
Add: General and administrative	5,784		5,268
Property operating income	48,524		46,769
Less: Acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same property operating income	$	48,524	$	46,769
Shopping Centers	$	35,969	$	34,965
Mixed-Use properties	12,555		11,804
Total same property operating income	$	48,524	$	46,769
Shopping Center operating income	$	35,969	$	34,965
Less: Shopping Center acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same Shopping Center operating income	$	35,969	$	34,965
Mixed-Use property operating income	$	12,555	$	11,804
Less: Mixed-Use acquisitions, dispositions and development properties	—		—
Total same Mixed-Use property operating income	$	12,555	$	11,804

Same property operating income increased $1.8 million, or 3.8%, for the 2024 Quarter compared to the 2023 Quarter.

Shopping Center same property operating income for the 2024 Quarter totaled $36.0 million, a $1.0 million increase from the 2023 Quarter. Shopping Center same property operating income increased primarily due to higher base rent of $1.0 million. Mixed-Use same property operating income totaled $12.6 million, a $0.8 million increase from the 2023 Quarter. Mixed-Use same property operating income increased primarily due to (a) higher commercial base rent of $0.4 million and (b) residential base rent of $0.3 million.

Mixed-Use same property operating income is composed of the following:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Office mixed-use properties (1)	$	6,221	$	5,708
Residential mixed-use properties (residential activity) (2)	5,472		5,289
Residential mixed-use properties (retail activity) (3)	862		807
Total Mixed-Use same property operating income	$	12,555	$	11,804

(1)Includes Avenel Business Park, Clarendon Center – North and South Blocks, 601 Pennsylvania Avenue and Washington Square

(2)Includes Clarendon South Block, The Waycroft and Park Van Ness

(3)Includes The Waycroft and Park Van Ness

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $7.1 million and $11.8 million at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company maintains cash balances at various financial institutions and, from time to time, those balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on such deposits and actively monitors its banking relationships to mitigate its exposure to significant credit risk on those deposits. The Company’s cash flow is affected by its operating, investing and financing activities, as described below.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	33,828	$	36,098
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,569)		(43,156)
Net cash provided by financing activities	10,413		5,591
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	$	(1,328)	$	(1,467)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities represents cash received primarily from rental revenue, plus other revenue, less property operating expenses, leasing costs, normal recurring general and administrative expenses and interest payments on debt outstanding.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities includes property acquisitions, developments, redevelopments, tenant improvements and other property capital expenditures. The $2.4 million increase in cash used in investing activities is primarily due to (a) increased development expenditures of $1.6 million and (b) increased additions to real estate investments throughout the portfolio of $0.8 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities represents (a) cash used to repay and curtail loans, redeem preferred stock and pay dividends and distributions to holders of common stock, preferred stock and limited partnership units minus (b) cash received from loan proceeds and issuance of common stock, preferred stock and limited partnership units. See note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of financing activity.

Liquidity Requirements

Short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of normal recurring operating expenses and capital expenditures, debt service requirements (including debt service relating to additional and replacement debt), distributions to common and preferred stockholders, distributions to unit holders, and amounts required for expansion and renovation of the Current Portfolio Properties and selective acquisition and development of additional properties. In order to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, the Company must distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its “real estate investment trust taxable income,” as defined in the Code. The Company expects to meet these short-term liquidity requirements (other than amounts required for additional property acquisitions and developments) through cash provided from operations, available cash and its existing line of credit.

The Company is developing Twinbrook Quarter Phase I (“Phase I”) located in Rockville, Maryland. Phase I includes an 80,000 square foot Wegmans supermarket, approximately 25,000 square feet of small shop space, 452 apartment units and a 230,000 square foot office building. The office tower portion of Phase I is not being constructed at this time. In connection with the development of the residential and retail portions of Phase I, we must also invest in infrastructure and other items that will support both Phase I and other portions of the development of Twinbrook Quarter. Excluding imputed capitalized interest, the total cost of the project is expected to be approximately $331.5 million, of which $271.4 million is related to the development of the residential and retail portions of Phase I and $60.1 million is related to infrastructure and other items. Of the expected $331.5 million total cost, $283.1 million has been invested to date. A portion of the cost of the project is being financed by a $145.0 million construction-to-permanent loan. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on the loan and, as of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the loan was $90.3 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs. Sitework and ground floor retail façade work continues around all four sides of the building. Apartment unit construction is in process on levels two through 12 and work is in process on the lobbies and interior amenity spaces. Initial

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delivery of Phase I is anticipated in late 2024. The development potential of all phases of the entire 18.4 acre Twinbrook Quarter site totals 1,865 residential units, 473,000 square feet of retail space, and 431,000 square feet of office space.

The Company is developing Hampden House, a project located in downtown Bethesda, Maryland that will include up to 366 apartment units and 10,100 square feet of retail space. Excluding imputed capitalized interest, the total cost of the project is expected to be approximately $246.4 million, of which $153.0 million has been invested to date. A portion of the cost of the project is being financed by a $133.0 million construction-to-permanent loan. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on the loan and, as of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the loan was $18.6 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs. Above grade construction of the structure is nearing completion and has topped out at the roof level. Exterior sheathing and window installation have begun. Interior framing and installation of mechanical, electrical and plumbing infrastructure is underway. Construction is expected to be completed in late 2025.

Long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of obligations under our long-term debt and dividends paid to our preferred shareholders. The Company anticipates that long-term liquidity requirements will also include amounts required for property acquisitions and developments.

The Company may also redevelop certain of the Current Portfolio Properties and may develop additional freestanding outparcels or expansions within certain of the Shopping Centers. Acquisition and development of properties are undertaken only after careful analysis and review, and management’s determination that such properties are expected to provide long-term earnings and cash flow growth. During the remainder of the year, developments, expansions or acquisitions (if any) are expected to be funded with available cash, bank borrowings from the Credit Facility, construction and permanent financing, proceeds from the operation of the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”) or other external debt or equity capital resources available to the Company. Any future borrowings may be at the Saul Centers, Operating Partnership or Subsidiary Partnership level. The availability and terms of any such financing will depend upon market and other conditions.

Dividend Reinvestments

The Company has a DRIP that allows its common stockholders and holders of limited partnership interests an opportunity to buy additional shares of common stock by reinvesting all or a portion of their dividends or distributions. The DRIP provides for investing in newly issued shares of common stock at a 3% discount from market price without payment of any brokerage commissions, service charges or other expenses. All expenses of the DRIP are paid by the Company. The Company issued 14,199 and 11,579 shares pursuant to the DRIP at a weighted average discounted price of $37.71 and $41.06 per share, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company issued 306,512 limited partnership units pursuant to the DRIP at a weighted average price of $38.30 per unit during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company did not issue any limited partnership units pursuant to the DRIP during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company also credited 1,808 and 1,648 shares to directors pursuant to the reinvestment of dividends specified by the Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan at a weighted average discounted price of $37.71 and $41.06 per share, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Capital Strategy and Financing Activity

As a general policy, the Company intends to maintain a ratio of its total debt to total estimated asset market value of 50% or less and to actively manage the Company’s leverage and debt expense on an ongoing basis in order to maintain prudent coverage of fixed charges. Asset value is the aggregate fair market value of the Current Portfolio Properties and any subsequently acquired properties as reasonably determined by management by reference to each property's aggregate cash flow. Given the Company’s current debt level, it is management’s belief that the ratio of the Company’s debt to total asset value was below 50% as of March 31, 2024.

The organizational documents of the Company do not limit the absolute amount or percentage of indebtedness that it may incur. The Board may, from time to time, reevaluate the Company’s debt/capitalization strategy in light of current economic conditions, relative costs of capital, market values of the Company’s property portfolio, opportunities for acquisition, development or expansion, and such other factors as the Board then deems relevant. The Board may modify the Company’s debt/capitalization policy based on such a reevaluation without shareholder approval and consequently, may increase or decrease the Company’s debt to total estimated asset market value ratio above or below 50% or may waive the policy for certain periods of time. Whenever management determines the financing environment is favorable, the Company may opportunistically refinance or renegotiate the terms of certain of its outstanding debt in order to achieve longer maturities and/or more favorable loan terms.

At March 31, 2024, the Company had a $525.0 million Credit Facility comprised of a $425.0 million revolving credit facility and a $100.0 million term loan. The revolving credit facility matures on August 29, 2025, and may be extended by the Company for one additional year, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The term loan matures on February 26, 2027.

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Interest accrues at a rate of SOFR plus 10 basis points plus an applicable spread, which is determined by certain leverage tests. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable spread for borrowings was 140 basis points related to the revolving credit facility and 135 basis points related to the term loan. Letters of credit may be issued under the Credit Facility. On March 31, 2024, based on the value of the Company’s unencumbered properties, approximately $127.6 million was available under the Credit Facility and $374.0 million was outstanding.

The Credit Facility requires the Company and its subsidiaries to maintain compliance with certain financial covenants. The material covenants require the Company, on a consolidated basis, to:

•limit the amount of debt as a percentage of gross asset value, as defined in the loan agreement, to less than 60% (leverage ratio);

•limit the amount of debt so that interest coverage will exceed 2.0x on a trailing four-quarter basis (interest expense coverage); and

•limit the amount of debt so that interest, scheduled principal amortization and preferred dividend coverage exceeds 1.4x on a trailing four-quarter basis (fixed charge coverage).

As of March 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants. See note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of all financing activity.

On August 23, 2022, the Company entered into two floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The effective date of each swap agreement is October 3, 2022 and each has a $50.0 million notional amount. One agreement terminates on October 1, 2027 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.96%. The other agreement terminates on October 1, 2030 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.91%. Because the interest-rate swaps effectively fix SOFR for $100.0 million of variable-rate debt, unless otherwise indicated, $100.0 million of variable-rate debt is being treated as fixed-rate debt for disclosure purposes beginning September 30, 2022. The Company has designated the agreements as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $145.0 million construction-to-permanent loan related to the residential and retail portions of Phase I of the Twinbrook Quarter development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $90.3 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $133.0 million loan related to the Hampden House development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $18.6 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on the Company’s financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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Funds From Operations

Funds From Operations (FFO)1 available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests (after deducting preferred stock dividends) for the 2024 Quarter totaled $27.5 million, an increase of 2.3% compared to the 2023 Quarter. FFO available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests increased primarily due to (a) higher commercial base rent of $1.4 million and (b) higher residential base rent of $0.3 million, partially offset by (c) higher interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs of $0.6 million and (d) higher general and administrative costs of $0.5 million.

The following table presents a reconciliation from net income to FFO available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Net income	$	18,263	$	17,663
Add:
Real estate depreciation and amortization	12,029		12,017
FFO	30,292		29,680
Subtract:
Preferred stock dividends	(2,798)		(2,798)
FFO available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests	$	27,494	$	26,882
Weighted average shares and units:
Basic	34,348		33,323
Diluted (2)	34,352		34,031
Basic FFO per share available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests	$	0.80	$	0.81
Diluted FFO per share available to common stockholders and noncontrolling interests	$	0.80	$	0.79

1    The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) developed FFO as a relative non-GAAP financial measure of performance of an equity REIT in order to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined under GAAP. FFO is defined by Nareit as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, plus real estate depreciation and amortization, and excluding impairment charges on real estate assets and gains or losses from real estate dispositions. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund cash needs, which is disclosed in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the applicable periods. There are no material legal or functional restrictions on the use of FFO. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income, its most directly comparable GAAP measure, as an indicator of the Company’s operating performance, or as an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Management considers FFO a meaningful supplemental measure of operating performance because it primarily excludes the assumption that the value of the real estate assets diminishes predictably over time (i.e. depreciation), which is contrary to what the Company believes occurs with its assets, and because industry analysts have accepted it as a performance measure. FFO may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other REITs.

2    Beginning March 5, 2021, fully diluted shares and units includes 1,416,071 limited partnership units held in escrow related to the contribution of Twinbrook Quarter. Half of the units held in escrow were released on October 18, 2021. The remaining units were released on October 18, 2023.

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Acquisitions and Redevelopments

The Company may redevelop certain of the Current Portfolio Properties and may develop additional freestanding outparcels or expansions within certain of the Shopping Centers. Acquisition and development of properties are undertaken only after careful analysis and review, and management’s determination that such properties are expected to provide long-term earnings and cash flow growth. During the remainder of the year, any developments, expansions or acquisitions are expected to be funded with bank borrowings from the Credit Facility, construction financing, proceeds from the operation of the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan or other external capital resources available to the Company.

The Company has been selectively involved in acquisition, development, redevelopment and renovation activities. It continues to evaluate the acquisition of land parcels for retail and mixed-use development and acquisitions of operating properties for opportunities to enhance operating income and cash flow growth. The Company also continues to analyze redevelopment, renovation and expansion opportunities within the portfolio.

Portfolio Leasing Status

The following table sets forth average annualized base rent per square foot and average annualized effective rent per square foot for the Company’s commercial properties (“Commercial”), which includes all properties except for the residential properties (“Residential”), which includes apartments within The Waycroft, Clarendon Center and Park Van Ness properties. For purposes of this table, annualized effective rent is annualized base rent minus amortized tenant improvements and amortized leasing commissions.

	Average Commercial Rents per Square Foot
	Three Months Ended March 31,				2023 to 2024 Change
	2024		2023		Amount		Percent
Base rent	$	21.08	$	20.65	$	0.43	2.08	%
Effective rent	$	19.50	$	19.08	$	0.42	2.20	%

The following chart sets forth certain information regarding Commercial leases at our properties.

	Total Properties		Total Square Footage		Percent Leased
	Shopping Centers	Mixed-Use	Shopping Centers	Mixed-Use	Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use
March 31, 2024	50	7	7,878,088	1,136,885	95.6	%	87.1	%
March 31, 2023	50	7	7,876,330	1,136,885	95.2	%	84.6	%

As of March 31, 2024, 94.6% of the Commercial portfolio was leased, compared to 93.9% as of March 31, 2023. On a same property basis, 94.6% of the Commercial portfolio was leased as of March 31, 2024 compared to 93.9% as of March 31, 2023. Included in the 94.6% of space leased as of March 31, 2024, is approximately 181,310 square feet of space, representing 2.0% of total Commercial square footage, that has not yet been occupied by the respective tenants. Collectively, these leases are expected to produce approximately $4.8 million of additional annualized base rent, an average of $26.55 per square foot, upon tenant occupancy and following any contractual rent concessions.

The Mixed-Use Commercial leasing percentage is composed of Commercial leases at office mixed-use properties and residential mixed-use properties. The leasing percentage at office mixed-use properties increased to 86.5% as of March 31, 2024 from 84.1% as of March 31, 2023. The retail leasing percentage at residential mixed-use properties increased to 97.0% as of March 31, 2024 from 91.2% as of March 31, 2023.

The following table shows selected data for leases executed in the indicated periods. The information is based on executed leases without adjustment for the timing of occupancy, tenant defaults, or landlord concessions. The base rent for an expiring lease is the annualized contractual base rent, on a cash basis, as of the expiration date of the lease. The base rent for a new or renewed lease is the annualized contractual base rent, on a cash basis, as of the expected rent commencement date. Because tenants that execute leases may not ultimately take possession of their space or pay all of their contractual rent, the changes presented in the table provide information only about trends in market rental rates. The actual changes in rental income received by the Company may be different.

-31-

Commercial Property Leasing Activity					Average Base Rent per Square Foot
Three Months Ended March 31,	Square Feet		Number of Leases		New/Renewed Leases				Expiring Leases
	Shopping Centers	Mixed-Use	Shopping Centers	Mixed-Use	Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use		Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use
2024	234,443	17,697	67	4	$	26.57	$	28.21	$	23.67	$	24.29
2023	366,354	76,180	85	9	20.84		31.30		19.41		33.66

Additional information about the leasing activity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 is set forth below. The below information includes leases for space which had not been previously leased during the period of the Company’s ownership, either a result of acquisition or development.

	Commercial Property Leasing Activity
	New Leases		First Generation/Development Leases		Renewed Leases
Number of leases	24		—		47
Square feet	78,234		—		173,906
Per square foot average annualized:
Base rent	$	29.85	$	—	$	25.26
Tenant improvements	(4.27)		—		(0.10)
Leasing costs	(0.93)		—		—
Rent concessions	(0.47)		—		(0.11)
Effective rents	$	24.18	$	—	$	25.05

As of December 31, 2023, 713,271 square feet of Commercial space was subject to leases scheduled to expire in 2024. Of those leases, as of March 31, 2024, leases representing 561,273 square feet of Commercial space (a) are on a month-to-month basis or (b) have not yet renewed and are scheduled to expire over the next nine months. Below is information about existing and estimated market base rents per square foot for that space.

Expiring Commercial Property Leases	Total
Square feet	561,273
Average base rent per square foot	$	22.10
Estimated market base rent per square foot	$	22.30

As of March 31, 2024, the Residential portfolio was 98.7% leased compared to 98.2% as of March 31, 2023.

Residential Property Leasing Activity		Average Rent per Square Foot
Three Months Ended March 31,	Number of leases	New/Renewed Leases		Expiring Leases
2024	181	$	3.65	$	3.59
2023	138	3.45		3.38

-32-

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to certain financial market risks, the most predominant being fluctuations in interest rates and inflation. Interest rate fluctuations are monitored by management as an integral part of the Company’s overall risk management program, which recognizes the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.

The Company is exposed to interest rate fluctuations that will affect the amount of interest expense of its variable-rate debt and the fair value of its fixed-rate debt. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had unhedged variable rate indebtedness totaling $274.0 million. If the interest rates on the Company’s unhedged variable rate debt instruments outstanding at March 31, 2024 had been one percentage point higher or lower, annual interest expense relating to these debt instruments would have increased or decreased by $2.7 million based on those balances. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had fixed-rate indebtedness totaling $1.15 billion with a weighted average interest rate of 4.68%. If interest rates on the Company’s fixed-rate debt instruments at March 31, 2024 had been one percentage point higher, the fair value of those debt instruments on that date would have decreased by $50.1 million. If interest rates on the Company’s fixed-rate debt instruments at March 31, 2024 had been one percentage point lower, the fair value of those debt instruments on that date would have increased by $54.6 million.

Inflation may impact the Company's results of operations by (a) increasing costs unreimbursed by tenants faster than rents increase and (b) adversely impacting consumer demand at our retail shopping centers, which, in turn, may results in (i) lower percentage rent and/or (ii) the inability of tenants to pay their rent. Inflation may also negatively impact the cost of development projects. While the Company has not been significantly impacted by any of these items in the current year, no assurances can be provided that inflationary pressures will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business in the future.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, its Senior Vice President-Chief Financial Officer, and its Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based closely on the definition of “disclosure controls and procedures” in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

The Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, its Senior Vice President-Chief Financial Officer, and its Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024. Based on the foregoing, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, its Senior Vice President-Chief Financial Officer and its Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2024.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.

-33-

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

None

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

The Company has no material updates to the risk factors presented in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2023 Annual Report of the Company on Form 10-K.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

B. Francis Saul II, the Company’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, his spouse and entities affiliated with Mr. Saul II, through participation in the Company’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan for the January 31, 2024 dividend distribution acquired 4,532 shares of common stock at a price of $37.71 per share and 306,512 limited partnership units at an average price of $38.30 per unit. The limited partnership units were sold pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.

Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

Item 5.    Other Information

None

Item 6.    Exhibits

31.		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith).
32.		Section 1350 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith).*
99.	(a)	Schedule of Portfolio Properties (filed herewith).
101.		The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“Inline XBRL”): (i) consolidated balance sheets, (ii) consolidated statements of operations, (iii) consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income, (iv) consolidated statements of cash flows, and (v) the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
104.		Cover Page Interactive Data File (the Cover Page Interactive Data File is embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).

* In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

-34-

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SAUL CENTERS, INC. (Registrant)
Date: May 2, 2024	/s/ D. Todd Pearson
	D. Todd Pearson President and Chief Operating Officer
Date: May 2, 2024	/s/ Joel A. Friedman
	Joel A. Friedman Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer (principal accounting officer)
Date: May 2, 2024	/s/ Carlos L. Heard
	Carlos L. Heard Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

-35-

EX-31

    Exhibit 31

CERTIFICATIONS

I, B. Francis Saul II, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Saul Centers, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2024

/s/ B. Francis Saul II

B. Francis Saul II

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Carlos L. Heard, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Saul Centers, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2024

/s/ Carlos L. Heard

Carlos L. Heard

Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned, B. Francis Saul II, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Saul Centers, Inc. (the “Company”), has executed this certification in connection with the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2024 (the “Report”). The undersigned hereby certifies that:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 2, 2024/s/ B. Francis Saul II

Name: B. Francis Saul II

Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned, Carlos L. Heard, the Chief Financial Officer of Saul Centers, Inc. (the “Company”), has executed this certification in connection with the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2024 (the “Report”). The undersigned hereby certifies that:

(1)the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 2, 2024/s/ Carlos L. Heard

Name: Carlos L. Heard

Title: Senior Vice President and

Chief Financial Officer

EX-99.A

																		Exhibit 99 (a)
Saul Centers, Inc.
Schedule of Current Portfolio Properties
March 31, 2024
					Leasable Area (Square Feet)	Year Acquired or Developed (Renovated)	Land Area (Acres)	Percentage Leased as of March 31,										(1)
		Property	Location					2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Anchor / Significant Tenants
Shopping Centers
	Ashbrook Marketplace		Ashburn, VA		85,819	2018 (2019)	13.7	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Lidl, Planet Fitness, Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts, Valvoline, Cafe Rio, McAlisters Deli, Apple Federal Credit Union
	Ashburn Village		Ashburn, VA		221,596	1994-2006	26.4	96	%	95	%	96	%	95	%	97	%	Giant Food, Hallmark, McDonald's, Burger King, Dunkin Donuts, Kinder Care, Blue Ridge Grill
	Ashland Square Phase I		Dumfries, VA		23,120	2007	2.0	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Capital One Bank, CVS Pharmacy, The All American Steakhouse
	Beacon Center		Alexandria, VA		359,671	1972 (1993/99/07)	32.3	99	%	100	%	100	%	99	%	100	%	Lowe's Home Improvement Center, Giant Food, Home Goods, Outback Steakhouse, Marshalls, Party Depot, Panera Bread, TGI Fridays, Starbucks, Famous Dave's, Chipotle, Capital One Bank, Wendy's
	BJ's Wholesale Club		Alexandria, VA		115,660	2008	9.6	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	BJ's Wholesale Club
	Boca Valley Plaza		Boca Raton, FL		121,365	2004	12.7	100	%	100	%	97	%	88	%	99	%	Publix, Palm Beach Fitness, Anima Domus, Foxtail Coffee
	Boulevard		Fairfax, VA		49,140	1994 (1999/09)	5.0	100	%	100	%	96	%	97	%	100	%	Panera Bread, Party City, Petco, Capital One Bank
	Briggs Chaney MarketPlace		Silver Spring, MD		194,258	2004	18.2	98	%	98	%	95	%	97	%	98	%	Global Food, Ross Dress For Less, Advance Auto Parts, McDonald's, Dunkin Donuts, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Dollar Tree, Dollar General, Salon Plaza, Chipotle
	Broadlands Village		Ashburn, VA		174,438	2003/4/6	24.0	100	%	96	%	92	%	90	%	96	%	Aldi Grocery, The All American Steakhouse, Bonefish Grill, Dollar Tree, Starbucks, Minnieland Day Care, LA Fitness, Chase Bank, X-Golf, Inova Go Health
	Burtonsville Town Square		Burtonsville, MD	(4)	139,928	2017	26.3	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	99	%	Giant Food, Petco, Starbucks, Greene Turtle, Capital One Bank, CVS Pharmacy, Roy Rogers, Mr. Tire, Taco Bell
	Countryside Marketplace		Sterling, VA		137,804	2004	16.0	88	%	91	%	91	%	92	%	95	%	Lotte Plaza Market, CVS Pharmacy, Starbucks, McDonald's, 7-Eleven, VA ABC
	Cranberry Square		Westminster, MD		141,450	2011	18.9	100	%	100	%	97	%	87	%	96	%	Giant Food, Giant Gas Station, Staples, Party City, Wendy's, Sola Salons, Ledo Pizza, Hallmark
	Cruse MarketPlace		Cumming, GA		78,686	2004	10.6	96	%	91	%	94	%	92	%	94	%	Publix, Orange Theory, Anytime Fitness
	Flagship Center		Rockville, MD		21,500	1972, 1989	0.5	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Chase Bank, Bank of America
	French Market		Oklahoma City, OK		246,148	1974 (1984/98)	13.8	63	%	79	%	75	%	76	%	99	%	Burlington Coat Factory, Staples, Petco, The Tile Shop, Lakeshore Learning Center, Dollar Tree, Verizon, Raising Cane's, Skechers
	Germantown		Germantown, MD		18,982	1992	2.7	95	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	CVS Pharmacy, Jiffy Lube
	The Glen		Woodbridge, VA		136,440	1994 (2005)	14.7	100	%	99	%	94	%	98	%	96	%	Safeway, Panera Bread, Five Guys, Chipotle
	Great Falls Center		Great Falls, VA		91,666	2008	11.0	100	%	100	%	98	%	98	%	98	%	Safeway, CVS Pharmacy, Trustar Bank, Starbucks, Subway
	Hampshire Langley		Takoma Park, MD		131,700	1972 (1979)	9.9	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Mega Mart, Starbucks, Chuck E. Cheese, Sardi's Chicken, Capital One Bank, Kool Smiles, Wells Fargo
	Hunt Club Corners		Apopka, FL		107,103	2006	13.9	100	%	98	%	96	%	99	%	100	%	Publix, Pet Supermarket, Boost Mobile
	Jamestown Place		Altamonte Springs, FL		96,201	2005	10.9	98	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Carrabas Italian Grill, Orlando Health, Crunch Fitness, AT&T
	Kentlands Square I		Gaithersburg, MD		119,694	2002	11.5	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Lowe's Home Improvement Center, Chipotle, Starbucks, Shake Shack
	Saul Centers, Inc.
	Schedule of Current Portfolio Properties
	March 31, 2024
					Leasable Area (Square Feet)	Year Acquired or Developed (Renovated)	Land Area (Acres)	Percentage Leased as of March 31,										(1)
		Property	Location					2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Anchor / Significant Tenants
	Shopping Centers (continued)
	Kentlands Square II and Kentlands Pad		Gaithersburg, MD		253,052	2011	23.4	100	%	95	%	97	%	96	%	99	%	Giant Food, At Home, Party City, Panera Bread, Hallmark, Chick-Fil-A, Coal Fire Pizza, Cava Mezza Grill, Truist Bank, Hand & Stone Massage, Crumbl Cookie, Quincy's Restaurant
	Kentlands Place		Gaithersburg, MD		40,697	2005	3.4	94	%	74	%	86	%	75	%	93	%	Bonefish Grill, F45 Training
	Lansdowne Town Center		Leesburg, VA		196,817	2006	23.3	94	%	94	%	88	%	92	%	90	%	Harris Teeter, CVS Pharmacy, Panera Bread, Starbucks, Ford's Oyster House, Fusion Learning, Chick-Fil-A, Chase Bank
	Leesburg Pike Plaza		Baileys Crossroads, VA		97,752	1966 (1982/95)	9.4	100	%	100	%	100	%	93	%	93	%	CVS Pharmacy, Capital One Bank, Five Guys, Dollar Tree, Advanced Auto
	Lumberton Plaza		Lumberton, NJ		192,718	1975 (1992/96)	23.3	67	%	66	%	66	%	66	%	68	%	Aldi, Family Dollar, Big Lots, Burger King, Big Rich Fitness, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Five Below
	Metro Pike Center		Rockville, MD		67,488	2010	4.6	96	%	83	%	85	%	84	%	87	%	McDonald's, Dunkin Donuts, 7-Eleven, Palm Beach Tan, Mattress Warehouse, Salvation Army, Dollar Tree
	Shops at Monocacy		Frederick, MD		111,341	2004	13.0	98	%	100	%	98	%	100	%	97	%	Giant Food, Panera Bread, Five Guys, California Tortilla, Firehouse Subs, Comcast, NTB
	Northrock		Warrenton, VA		100,032	2009	15.4	94	%	96	%	94	%	99	%	99	%	Harris Teeter, Longhorn Steakhouse, Ledo's Pizza, Capital One Bank, Novant Health
	Olde Forte Village		Ft. Washington, MD		143,577	2003	16.0	96	%	98	%	98	%	95	%	94	%	Safeway, Advance Auto Parts, Dollar Tree, McDonald's, Wendy's, Ledo's Pizza, M&T Bank
	Olney		Olney, MD		53,765	1975 (1990)	3.7	95	%	98	%	93	%	93	%	93	%	Walgreens, Olney Grille, Ledo's Pizza, Popeye's, Sardi's Fusion
	Orchard Park		Dunwoody, GA		87,365	2007	10.5	96	%	99	%	100	%	99	%	99	%	Kroger, Jett Ferry Dental
	Palm Springs Center		Altamonte Springs, FL		126,446	2005	12.0	98	%	98	%	97	%	100	%	100	%	Publix, Duffy's Sports Grill, Toojay's Deli, The Tile Shop, Rockler Tools, Humana Health, Sola Salons
	Ravenwood		Baltimore, MD		93,328	1972 (2006)	8.0	92	%	95	%	93	%	97	%	97	%	Giant Food, Dominos, Bank of America
	11503 Rockville Pk / 5541 Nicholson Ln		Rockville, MD		40,249	2010 / 2012	3.0	57	%	57	%	61	%	61	%	61	%	Dr. Boyd's Pet Resort, Metropolitan Emergency Animal Clinic
	1500/1580/1582 Rockville Pike		Rockville, MD		105,428	2012/2014	10.2	100	%	98	%	100	%	100	%	97	%	Party City, CVS Pharmacy
	Seabreeze Plaza		Palm Harbor, FL		146,673	2005	18.4	97	%	96	%	93	%	96	%	98	%	Publix, Petco, Planet Fitness, Vision Works
	Marketplace at Sea Colony		Bethany Beach, DE		21,677	2008	5.1	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Armand's Pizza, Candy Kitchen, Summer Salts, Fin's Alehouse, Vacasa
	Seven Corners		Falls Church, VA		573,481	1973 (1994-7/07)	31.6	100	%	98	%	98	%	99	%	97	%	The Home Depot, Giant Food, Michaels Arts & Crafts, Barnes & Noble, Ross Dress For Less, Ski Chalet, Off-Broadway Shoes, JoAnn Fabrics, Starbucks, Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Chipotle, Wendy's, Burlington Coat Factory, Mattress Warehouse, J. P. Morgan Chase, Five Below, Raising Canes
	Severna Park Marketplace		Severna Park, MD		254,011	2011	20.6	94	%	95	%	89	%	89	%	100	%	Giant Food, Kohl's, Office Depot, Goodyear, Chipotle, McDonald's, Five Guys, Jersey Mike's, Bath & Body Works, Wells Fargo, MOD Pizza, Petco, AT&T
	Saul Centers, Inc.
	Schedule of Current Portfolio Properties
	March 31, 2024
					Leasable Area (Square Feet)	Year Acquired or Developed (Renovated)	Land Area (Acres)	Percentage Leased as of March 31,										(1)
		Property	Location					2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Anchor / Significant Tenants
	Shopping Centers (continued)
	Shops at Fairfax		Fairfax, VA		68,762	1975 (1993/99)	6.7	100	%	100	%	98	%	97	%	98	%	99 Ranch
	Smallwood Village Center		Waldorf, MD		173,341	2006	25.1	92	%	91	%	80	%	81	%	66	%	Safeway, CVS Pharmacy, Family Dollar
	Southdale		Glen Burnie, MD		485,628	1972 (1986)	39.8	99	%	100	%	95	%	94	%	98	%	The Home Depot, Michaels Arts & Crafts, Marshalls, PetSmart, Value City Furniture, Athletic Warehouse, Starbucks, Gallo Clothing, Office Depot, The Tile Shop, Mercy Health Care, Massage Envy, Potbelly, Capital One Bank, Chipotle, Banfield Pet Hospital, Glory Days Grill, Bank of America, Grocery Outlet
	Southside Plaza		Richmond, VA		371,761	1972	32.8	96	%	95	%	98	%	97	%	98	%	Super Fresh, Citi Trends, City of Richmond, McDonald's, Burger King, Kool Smiles, Crafty Crab, Roses
	South Dekalb Plaza		Atlanta, GA		163,418	1976	14.6	94	%	94	%	94	%	87	%	87	%	Big Lots, Emory Clinic, Roses, Deal $, Humana Oak Street Health
	Thruway		Winston-Salem, NC		367,399	1972 (1997)	31.5	96	%	91	%	87	%	80	%	94	%	Harris Teeter, Trader Joe's, Talbots, Hanes Brands, Jos. A. Bank, Chico's, Loft, FedEx Office, New Balance, Aveda Salon, Carter's Kids, McDonald's, Chick-Fil-A, Wells Fargo Bank, Francesca's Collections, Great Outdoor Provision Company, White House / Black Market, Soma, J. Crew, Chop't, Lululemon, Orange Theory, Athleta, Sephora, O2 Fitness, Hallmark, Sleep Number, The Good Feet Store, Hand & Stone Massage, Golf Galaxy
	Village Center		Centreville, VA		145,651	1990	17.2	94	%	90	%	87	%	88	%	97	%	Giant Food, Starbucks, McDonald's, Pet Supplies Plus, Bikram Yoga, Truist Bank, Vitality Fitness
	Westview Village		Frederick, MD		103,186	2009	11.6	100	%	99	%	93	%	92	%	99	%	Silver Diner, Sleepy's, Music & Arts, Firehouse Subs, CiCi's Pizza, Café Rio, Five Guys, Regus, Krispy Kreme, Wendy's, State Employees Credit Union (SECU), GNC, Moby Dick's House of Kabobs
	White Oak		Silver Spring, MD		480,676	1972 (1993)	27.9	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Giant Food, Sears, Walgreens, Sarku Japan
			Total Shopping Centers	(1)	7,878,088		766.7	95.6	%	95.2	%	93.9	%	93.1	%	95.7	%
Saul Centers, Inc.
Schedule of Current Portfolio Properties
March 31, 2024
					Leasable Area (Square Feet)	Year Acquired or Developed (Renovated)	Land Area (Acres)	Percentage Leased as of March 31,										(1)
		Property	Location					2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Anchor / Significant Tenants
Mixed-Use Properties (3)
	Avenel Business Park		Gaithersburg, MD		390,683	1981-2000	37.1	97	%	96	%	90	%	95	%	94	%	General Services Administration, Gene Dx, Inc., American Type Culture Collection, Inc.
	Clarendon Center-North Block		Arlington, VA	(4)	108,386	2010	0.6	89	%	86	%	85	%	83	%	83	%	AT&T Mobility, Chipotle, Airlines Reporting Corporation
	Clarendon Center-South Block		Arlington, VA	(4)	104,894	2010	1.3	53	%	71	%	88	%	86	%	96	%	Trader Joe's, Circa, Burke & Herbert Bank, South Block Blends, Keppler Speakers Bureau, Leadership Institute, Massage Envy
	Clarendon Center Residential-South Block (244 units)		Arlington, VA	(4)	188,671	2010		99	%	99	%	96	%	98	%	97	%
	Park Van Ness- Residential (271 units)		Washington, DC	(4)	214,600	2016	1.4	99	%	97	%	97	%	95	%	96	%
	Park Van Ness-Retail		Washington, DC	(4)	8,847	2016		76	%	32	%	100	%	100	%	100	%	Sfoglina Pasta House, Rosedale
	601 Pennsylvania Ave.		Washington, DC		227,651	1973 (1986)	1.0	82	%	79	%	78	%	79	%	94	%	National Gallery of Art, American Assn. of Health Plans, Southern Company, Regus, Capital Grille
	Washington Square		Alexandria, VA		236,376	1975 (2000)	2.0	87	%	75	%	71	%	78	%	90	%	Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, Cooper Carry, National PACE Association, International Information Systems Security Certification Consortium, Trader Joe's, FedEx Office, Talbots
	The Waycroft-Residential (491 units)		Arlington, VA	(4)	404,709	2020	2.8	98	%	98	%	97	%	98	%	N/A
	The Waycroft-Retail		Arlington, VA	(4)	60,048	2020		100	%	100	%	100	%	90	%	N/A		Target, Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Silver Diner, Salon Lofts
			Total Mixed-Use Properties	(1)	1,944,865		46.2	87.1	%	84.6	%	83.4	%	86.0	%	92.3	%	(2)
			Total Portfolio	(1)	9,822,953		812.9	94.6	%	93.9	%	92.5	%	92.2	%	95.3	%	(2)
		Property	Location		Leasable Area (Square Feet)	Year Acquired or Developed (Renovated)	Land Area (Acres)	Development Activity
Land and Development Parcels
	Hampden House		Bethesda, MD			2018	0.6	Above grade construction of the structure is nearing completion and has topped out at the roof level. Exterior sheathing and window installation have begun. Interior framing and installation of mechanical, electrical and plumbing infrastructure is underway.
	Twinbrook Quarter		Rockville, MD			2021	8.2	Sitework and ground floor retail façade work continues around all four sides of the building. Apartment unit construction is in process on levels 2 through 12 and work is in process on the lobbies and interior amenity spaces.
	Ashland Square Phase II		Manassas, VA			2004	17.3	Marketing to grocers and other retail businesses, with a development timetable yet to be finalized.
	New Market		New Market, MD			2005	35.5	Parcel will accommodate retail development in excess of 120,000 square feet near I-70, east of Frederick, Maryland. A development timetable has not been determined.
			Total Development Properties				61.6
		(1)	Percentage leased is a percentage of rentable square feet leased for commercial space and a percentage of units leased for apartments. Prior year leased percentages, including Total Shopping Centers, Total Mixed-Use Properties and Total Portfolio have been recalculated to exclude the impact of properties sold or removed from service and, therefore, the percentages reported in this table may be different than the percentages previously reported.
		(2)	Total percentage leased is for commercial space only.
		(3)	For the purposes of the property count listed elsewhere in this document, residential and commercial are combined. The residential units at Clarendon South, Park Van Ness and The Waycroft are all part of the same building as the commercial tenants at those locations.
		(4)	Property is LEED certified.

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Cover Page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 29, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-12254
Entity Registrant Name	SAUL CENTERS, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	52-1833074
Entity Address, Address Line One	7501 Wisconsin Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Bethesda
Entity Address, State or Province	MD
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20814
City Area Code	301
Local Phone Number	986-6200
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		23,981,695
Entity Central Index Key	0000907254
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of each class:	Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share
Trading symbol:	BFS
Name of exchange on which registered:	NYSE
Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of each class:	Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share
Trading symbol:	BFS/PRD
Name of exchange on which registered:	NYSE
Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.000% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of each class:	Depositary Shares each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.000% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share
Trading symbol:	BFS/PRE
Name of exchange on which registered:	NYSE

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Real estate investments
Land	$ 511,529	$ 511,529
Buildings and equipment	1,599,887	1,595,023
Construction in progress	557,711	514,553
Real estate investments	2,669,127	2,621,105
Accumulated depreciation	(739,406)	(729,470)
Total real estate investments, net	1,929,721	1,891,635
Cash and cash equivalents	7,079	8,407
Accounts receivable and accrued income, net	53,814	56,032
Deferred leasing costs, net	23,931	23,728
Other assets	15,761	14,335
Total assets	2,030,306	1,994,137
Liabilities
Mortgage notes payable, net	927,256	935,451
Revolving credit facility payable, net	272,909	274,715
Term loan facility payable, net	99,568	99,530
Construction loans payable, net	108,917	77,305
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	62,988	57,022
Deferred income	21,610	22,748
Dividends and distributions payable	23,127	22,937
Total liabilities	1,516,375	1,489,708
Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 24,099,077 and 24,082,887 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	241	241
Additional paid-in capital	450,781	449,959
Distributions in excess of accumulated earnings	(292,213)	(288,825)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	3,278	2,014
Total Saul Centers, Inc. equity	347,087	348,389
Noncontrolling interests	166,844	156,040
Total equity	513,931	504,429
Total liabilities and equity	2,030,306	1,994,137
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding
Equity
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized:	75,000	75,000
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding
Equity
Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized:	$ 110,000	$ 110,000

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Common stock, par value (in USD per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	24,099,077	24,082,887
Common stock, shares outstanding	24,099,077	24,082,887
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares issued	30,000	30,000
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding	30,000	30,000
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares issued	44,000	44,000
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding	44,000	44,000

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Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue
Rental revenue	$ 65,299	$ 61,829
Other	1,393	1,220
Total revenue	66,692	63,049
Expenses
Property operating expenses	10,545	8,785
Real estate taxes	7,623	7,495
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	12,448	11,821
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029	12,017
General and administrative	5,784	5,268
Total expenses	48,429	45,386
Net income	18,263	17,663
Noncontrolling interests
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,633)	(4,161)
Net income attributable to Saul Centers, Inc.	13,630	13,502
Preferred stock dividends	(2,798)	(2,798)
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 10,832	$ 10,704
Per share net income available to common stockholders
Basic (in USD per share)	$ 0.45	$ 0.45
Diluted (in USD per share)	$ 0.45	$ 0.45

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 18,263	$ 17,663
Other comprehensive income
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	1,804	(2,014)
Total comprehensive income	20,067	15,649
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(5,173)	(3,597)
Total comprehensive income attributable to Saul Centers, Inc.	14,894	12,052
Preferred stock dividends	(2,798)	(2,798)
Total comprehensive income available to common stockholders	$ 12,096	$ 9,254

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Consolidated Statement of Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Limited Partner	Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding	Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding	Total Saul Centers, Inc.	Total Saul Centers, Inc. Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding	Total Saul Centers, Inc. Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Partnership Units in Escrow	Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings	Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding	Distributions in Excess of Accumulated Earnings Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling Interests Limited Partner
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 521,802				$ 400,484			$ 185,000	$ 240	$ 446,301	$ 39,650	$ (273,559)			$ 2,852	$ 121,318
Issuance of shares of common stock:
Issuance of shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	543				543					543
Shares due to share grants, exercise of stock options and issuance of directors’ deferred stock	290				290					290
Net income	17,663				13,502							13,502				4,161
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	(2,014)				(1,450)										(1,450)	(564)
Distributions payable preferred stock:
Preferred stock distributions			$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)		$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)						$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)
Distributions payable, common stock and partnership units	(19,651)				(14,165)							(14,165)				(5,486)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	515,835				396,406			185,000	240	447,134	39,650	(277,020)			1,402	119,429
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	504,429				348,389			185,000	241	449,959	0	(288,825)			2,014	156,040
Issuance of shares of common stock:
Issuance of shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	603	$ 11,741			603					603							$ 11,741
Shares due to share grants, exercise of stock options and issuance of directors’ deferred stock	219				219					219
Net income	18,263				13,630							13,630				4,633
Change in unrealized gain on cash flow hedge	1,804				1,264										1,264	540
Distributions payable preferred stock:
Preferred stock distributions			$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)		$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)						$ (1,148)	$ (1,650)
Distributions payable, common stock and partnership units	(20,330)				(14,220)							(14,220)				(6,110)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 513,931				$ 347,087			$ 185,000	$ 241	$ 450,781	$ 0	$ (292,213)			$ 3,278	$ 166,844

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Consolidated Statement of Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Shares pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan	16,007	13,227
Shares due to exercise of employee stock options and issuance of directors' deferred stock	183	699
Limited Partner
Issuance of partnership units pursuant to dividend reinvestment plan (in shares)	306,512
Dividend Distributions Payable
Distributions payable common stock, per share (in usd per share)	$ 0.59	$ 0.59
Distributions partnership units, per unit (in usd per share)	0.59	0.59
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding | Dividend Distributions Payable
Distributions payable on preferred stock, per share (in usd per share)	38.28	38.28
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding | Dividend Distributions Payable
Distributions payable on preferred stock, per share (in usd per share)	$ 37.50	$ 37.50

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 18,263	$ 17,663
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	12,029	12,017
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564	559
Non-cash compensation costs of stock and option grants	219	290
Credit losses (recoveries) on operating lease receivables, net	342	(96)
Decrease in accounts receivable and accrued income	1,876	3,805
Additions to deferred leasing costs	(1,262)	(1,519)
Decrease in other assets	377	1,083
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,558	2,495
Decrease in deferred income	(1,138)	(199)
Net cash provided by operating activities	33,828	36,098
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to real estate investments	(5,832)	(5,019)
Additions to development and redevelopment projects	(39,737)	(38,137)
Net cash used in investing activities	(45,569)	(43,156)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from mortgage notes payable	0	15,300
Repayments on mortgage notes payable	(8,527)	(17,419)
Proceeds from revolving credit facility	27,000	41,000
Repayments on revolving credit facility	(29,000)	(11,000)
Proceeds from construction loans payable	31,533	0
Additions to deferred debt costs	0	(378)
Proceeds from the issuance of:
Common stock	603	543
Partnership units	11,741	0
Distributions to:
Common stockholders	(14,208)	(14,171)
Noncontrolling interests	(5,930)	(5,486)
Net cash provided by financing activities	10,413	5,591
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(1,328)	(1,467)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	8,407	13,279
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	7,079	11,812
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	11,960	11,002
Accrued capital expenditures included in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	34,573	29,323
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding
Distributions to:
Preferred stockholders	(1,149)	(1,148)
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding
Distributions to:
Preferred stockholders	$ (1,650)	$ (1,650)

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Organization, Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization, Basis of Presentation

Organization, Basis of Presentation

Saul Centers, Inc. (“Saul Centers”) was incorporated under the Maryland General Corporation Law on June 10, 1993, and operates as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Company is required to annually distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders and meet certain organizational and other requirements. Saul Centers has made and intends to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to its stockholders. Saul Centers, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the limited partnerships of which Saul Centers or one of its subsidiaries is the sole general partner, are referred to collectively as the “Company.” B. Francis Saul II serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and Chief Executive Officer of Saul Centers.

The Company, which conducts all of its activities through its subsidiaries, Saul Holdings Limited Partnership, a Maryland limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and two subsidiary limited partnerships (the “Subsidiary Partnerships,” and, collectively with the Operating Partnership, the “Partnerships”), engages in the ownership, operation, management, leasing, acquisition, renovation, expansion, development and financing of community and neighborhood shopping centers and mixed-use properties, primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s properties (the “Current Portfolio Properties”) consisted of 50 shopping center properties (the “Shopping Centers”), seven mixed-use properties, which are comprised of office, retail and multi-family residential uses (the “Mixed-Use Properties”) and four (non-operating) land and development properties.

Because the properties are located primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area, the Company is subject to a concentration of credit risk related to these properties. The Shopping Centers, a majority of which are anchored by one or more major tenants and 34 of which are anchored by a grocery store, offer primarily day-to-day necessities and services. Giant Food, a tenant at 11 Shopping Centers, individually accounted for 4.9% of the Company's total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024. No other tenant individually accounted for 2.5% or more of the Company’s total revenue, excluding lease termination fees, for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Saul Centers and its subsidiaries, including the Partnerships, which are majority owned by Saul Centers. Substantially all assets and liabilities of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are comprised of the assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. Debt arrangements subject to recourse are described in Note 5. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) because the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership because it has the power to direct its activities and the rights to absorb 69.8% of its net income. Because the Operating Partnership is consolidated into the financial statements of the Company, classification of it as a VIE has no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the interim periods have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to those instructions. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 have not changed significantly in number or composition.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to collectability of operating lease receivables and impairment of real estate properties. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable, Accrued Income and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of rental and reimbursement billings due from tenants, and straight-line rent receivables representing the cumulative amount of adjustments necessary to present rental income on a straight-line basis. Individual leases are assessed for collectability and, upon the determination that the collection of rents is not probable, accrued rent and accounts receivable are charged off, and the charge off is reflected as an adjustment to rental revenue. Revenue from leases where collection is not probable is recorded on a cash basis until collectability is determined to be probable. Further, we assess whether operating lease receivables, at the portfolio level, are appropriately valued based upon an analysis of balances outstanding, historical bad debt levels and current economic trends. Evaluating and estimating uncollectable lease payments and related receivables requires significant judgement by management and is based on the best information available to management at the time of evaluation.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods and permits more than one measure of segment profit (loss) to be reported under certain conditions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Retrospective adoption to all periods presented is required. The Company does not expect the adoption ASU 2023-07 will impact our consolidated financial statements and we are evaluating the impact it will have on our related disclosures.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the presentation used as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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Real Estate

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Real Estate [Abstract]

Real Estate

Real Estate

Construction In Progress

Construction in progress includes land, preconstruction and development costs of active projects. Preconstruction costs include legal, zoning and permitting costs and other project carrying costs incurred prior to the commencement of construction. Development costs include direct construction costs and indirect costs incurred subsequent to the start of construction such as architectural, engineering, construction management and carrying costs consisting of interest, real estate taxes and insurance.

Construction in progress as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is composed of the following:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Twinbrook Quarter (1)	$	378,793	$	355,113
Hampden House (2)	163,903		142,240
Other	15,015		17,200
Total	$	557,711	$	514,553

(1) Includes capitalized interest of $29.1 million and $25.5 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2) Includes capitalized interest of $15.7 million and $14.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Leases

We lease Shopping Centers and Mixed-Use Properties to lessees in exchange for monthly rental payments and, where applicable, reimbursement for property taxes, insurance, and certain property operating expenses. Our leases have been determined to be operating leases and generally range in term from one to 15 years.

Some of our leases have termination options and/or extension options. Termination options allow the lessee and/or lessor to terminate the lease prior to the end of the lease term, provided certain conditions are met. Termination options generally require advance notification from the lessee and/or lessor and payment of a termination fee. Termination fees are recognized as revenue over the modified lease term. Extension options are subject to terms and conditions stated in the lease.

An operating lease right of use asset and corresponding lease liability related to our headquarters sublease are reflected in other assets and other liabilities, respectively. The sublease expires on February 28, 2027. The right of use asset and corresponding lease liability totaled $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively, at March 31, 2024.

Deferred Leasing Costs

Deferred leasing costs primarily consist of initial direct costs incurred in connection with successful property leasing and amounts attributed to in-place leases associated with acquired properties. Such amounts are capitalized and amortized, using the straight-line method, over the term of the lease or the remaining term of an acquired lease. Initial direct costs primarily consist of leasing commissions, which are incremental costs paid to third-party brokers and lease commissions paid to certain employees when obtaining a lease that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained. Unamortized deferred costs are charged to expense if the applicable lease is terminated prior to expiration of the initial lease term. Collectively, deferred leasing costs totaled $23.9 million and $23.7 million, net of accumulated amortization of $54.2 million and $53.7 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Amortization expense, included in depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $1.0 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Real Estate Investment Properties

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method and estimated useful lives of generally between 35 and 50 years for base buildings, or a shorter period if management determines that the building has a shorter useful life, and up to 20 years for certain other improvements that extend the useful lives. Leasehold improvement expenditures are capitalized when certain criteria are met, including when the Company supervises construction and will own the improvements. Tenant improvements are amortized, over the shorter of the lives of the related leases or the useful life of the improvements, using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations totaled $11.0 million and $11.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Repairs and maintenance expense totaled $5.0 million and $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in property operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on any of its real estate during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

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Noncontrolling Interests - Holders of Convertible Limited Partnership Units in the Operating Partnership

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Noncontrolling Interests - Holders of Convertible Limited Partnership Units in the Operating Partnership

Noncontrolling Interests - Holders of Convertible Limited Partnership Units in the Operating Partnership

As of March 31, 2024, the B. F. Saul Company and certain other affiliated entities, each of which is controlled by B. Francis Saul II and his family members, (collectively, the “Saul Organization”) held an aggregate 28.8% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership represented by approximately 9.9 million convertible limited partnership units. These units are convertible into shares of Saul Centers’ common stock, at the option of the unit holder, on a one-for-one basis provided that, in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the rights may not be exercised at any time that the Saul Organization beneficially owns or will own after the exercise, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate more than 39.9% of the value of the outstanding common stock and preferred stock of Saul Centers, excluding shares credited to directors' deferred fee accounts (See Note 8). As of March 31, 2024, approximately 659,000 units could be converted into shares of Saul Centers common stock.

As of March 31, 2024, a third party investor holds a 1.4% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership represented by 469,740 convertible limited partnership units. At the option of the unit holder, these units are convertible into shares of Saul Centers’ common stock on a one-for-one basis; provided that, in lieu of the delivery of Saul Centers’ common stock, Saul Centers may, in its sole discretion, deliver cash in an amount equal to the value of such Saul Centers’ common stock.

The impact of the aggregate 30.2% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership held by parties other than Saul Centers is reflected as Noncontrolling Interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Weighted average fully diluted partnership units and common stock outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, was approximately 34.4 million and 34.0 million, respectively.

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Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

At March 31, 2024, the Company had a $525.0 million senior unsecured credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) comprised of a $425.0 million revolving credit facility and a $100.0 million term loan. The revolving credit facility matures on August 29, 2025, and may be extended by the Company for one additional year, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. The term loan matures on February 26, 2027. Interest accrues at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 10 basis points plus an applicable spread, which is determined by certain leverage tests. As of March 31, 2024, the applicable spread for borrowings was 140 basis points related to the revolving credit facility and 135 basis points related to the term loan. Letters of credit may be issued under the Credit Facility. On March 31, 2024, based on the value of the Company’s unencumbered properties calculated in accordance with the terms of the Credit Facility, approximately $127.6 million was available and undrawn under the Credit Facility and $374.0 million was outstanding.

On August 23, 2022, the Company entered into two floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The effective date of each swap agreement is October 3, 2022 and each has a $50.0 million notional amount. One agreement terminates on October 1, 2027 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.96%. The other agreement terminates on October 1, 2030 and effectively fixes SOFR at 2.91%. Because the interest-rate swaps effectively fix SOFR for $100.0 million of variable-rate debt, unless otherwise indicated, $100.0 million of variable-rate debt is being treated as fixed-rate debt for disclosure purposes beginning September 30, 2022. The Company has designated the agreements as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes.

As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the interest-rate swaps totaled approximately $4.5 million, which is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in value during the period is reflected in Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $145.0 million construction-to-permanent loan related to the residential and retail portions of Phase I of the Twinbrook Quarter development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $90.3 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company commenced drawing on its $133.0 million loan related to the Hampden House development project. As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the loan was $18.6 million, net of unamortized deferred debt costs.

Saul Centers and certain consolidated subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership have guaranteed the payment obligations of the Operating Partnership under the Credit Facility. The Operating Partnership is the guarantor of (a) the mortgage secured by Kentlands Place, Kentlands Square I and Kentlands pad (totaling $27.1 million at March 31, 2024), (b) a portion of The Waycroft mortgage (approximately $23.6 million of the $148.1 million outstanding balance at March 31, 2024, (c) the Ashbrook Marketplace mortgage (totaling $20.1 million at March 31, 2024), and (d) a portion of the Avenel Business Park mortgage (approximately $6.3 million of the $21.3 million outstanding balance at March 31, 2024).

The Company provides a repayment guaranty of 100% of the loan secured by Twinbrook Quarter during construction and lease-up. Such guaranty is expected to be reduced in the future as the development achieves certain metrics. As of March 31, 2024, the loan balance and the amount guaranteed were $92.8 million. The Company also provides the lender with a 100% construction completion guaranty.

The Company provides a limited repayment guaranty of $26.6 million during construction and lease-up for the loan secured by Hampden House. Such guaranty is expected to be reduced in the future as the development achieves certain metrics.

As of March 31, 2024, the loan balance and the amount guaranteed was $21.4 million. The Company also provides the lender with a 100% construction completion guaranty.

All other notes payable are non-recourse.

The principal amount of the Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $1.43 billion at March 31, 2024, of which approximately $1.15 billion was fixed-rate debt and approximately $274.0 million was unhedged variable rate debt outstanding under the Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the properties collateralizing the notes payable totaled approximately $1.56 billion as of March 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2023, the principal amount of the Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $1.41 billion, of which $1.13 billion was fixed rate debt and $276.0 million was unhedged variable rate debt outstanding under the Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the properties collateralizing the notes payable totaled approximately $1.52 billion as of December 31, 2023.

At March 31, 2024, the future principal payments of debt, including scheduled maturities and amortization, for years ending December 31, were as follows:

(In thousands)	Principal Payments
April 1 through December 31, 2024	$	75,457
2025	326,086		(a)
2026	163,051
2027	126,589		(b)
2028	44,770
2029	52,627
Thereafter	638,711
Principal amount	1,427,291
Unamortized deferred debt costs	18,641
Net	$	1,408,650

(a) Includes $274.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

(b) Includes $100.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

Deferred debt costs consist of fees and costs incurred to obtain long-term financing, construction financing and the Credit Facility. These fees and costs are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective loans or agreements, which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred debt costs totaling $18.6 million and $19.3 million, net of accumulated amortization of $11.3 million and $10.6 million, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, are reflected as a reduction of the related debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Interest incurred	$	18,084	$	15,513
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564		559
Capitalized interest	(6,168)		(4,142)
Interest expense	12,480		11,930
Less: Interest income	32		109
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	$	12,448	$	11,821

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Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Equity

The consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, reflect noncontrolling interests of $4.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively, representing income attributable to limited partnership units not held by Saul Centers.

At March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding 3.0 million depositary shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series D Stock”). The depositary shares are redeemable at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at the $25.00 liquidation preference, plus accrued but unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The depositary shares pay an annual dividend of $1.53125 per share, equivalent to 6.125% of the $25.00 liquidation preference. The Series D Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company except in connection with certain changes in control or delisting events. Investors in the depositary shares generally have no voting rights, but will have limited voting rights if the Company fails to pay dividends for six or more quarters (whether or not declared or consecutive) and in certain other events.

At March 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding 4.4 million depositary shares, each representing 1/100th of a share of 6.000% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series E Stock”). The depositary shares may be redeemed at the Company’s option, in whole or in part, on or after September 17, 2024, at the $25.00 liquidation preference, plus accrued but unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the redemption date. The depositary shares pay an annual dividend of $1.50 per share, equivalent to 6.000% of the $25.00 liquidation preference. The Series E Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company except in connection with certain changes in control or delisting events. Investors in the depositary shares generally have no voting rights, but will have limited voting rights if the Company fails to pay dividends for six or more quarters (whether or not declared or consecutive) and in certain other events.

Per Share Data

Per share data for net income (basic and diluted) is computed using weighted average shares of common stock. Convertible limited partnership units and employee stock options are the Company’s potentially dilutive securities. For all periods presented, the convertible limited partnership units are non-dilutive. The following table sets forth, for the indicated periods, weighted averages of the number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, the effect of dilutive options and the number of options which are not dilutive because the average price of the Company’s common stock was less than the exercise prices. The treasury stock method was used to measure the effect of the dilution.

	Average Shares/Options Outstanding
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024	2023
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Basic	24,094	24,026
Effect of dilutive options	3	—
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Diluted	24,097	24,026
Non-dilutive options	1,365	1,768
Years non-dilutive options were issued	2014 through 2022	2013 through 2022

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Related Party Transactions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, the President and Chief Operating Officer, the Executive Vice President-Chief Legal and Administrative Officer and the Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer of the Company are also officers of various members of the Saul Organization and their management time is shared with the Saul Organization. Their annual compensation is fixed by the Compensation Committee of the Board, with the exception of the Executive Vice President-Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer whose share of annual compensation allocated to the Company is determined by the shared services agreement (described below).

The Company participates in a multiemployer 401K plan with entities in the Saul Organization which covers those full-time employees who meet the requirements as specified in the plan. Company contributions, which are included in general and administrative expense or property operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, at the discretionary amount of up to 6% of the employee’s cash compensation, subject to certain limits, were $118,000 and $111,800 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All amounts contributed by employees and the Company are fully vested.

The Company also participates in a multiemployer nonqualified deferred compensation plan with entities in the Saul Organization which covers those full-time employees who meet the requirements as specified in the plan. According to the plan, which can be modified or discontinued at any time, participating employees defer 2% of their compensation in excess of a specified amount. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company credited to employee accounts $49,300 and $63,000, respectively, which is the sum of accrued earnings and up to three times the amount deferred by employees and is included in general and administrative expense. All amounts contributed by employees and credited by the Company are fully vested. The cumulative unfunded liability under this plan was $3.2 million and $3.3 million, at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company and the Saul Organization are parties to a shared services agreement (the “Agreement”) that provides for the sharing of certain personnel and ancillary functions such as computer hardware, software, and support services and certain direct and indirect administrative personnel. The method for determining the cost of the shared services is provided for in the Agreement and is based upon head count, estimates of usage or estimates of time incurred, as applicable. The terms of the Agreement and the payments made thereunder are deemed reasonable by management and are reviewed annually by the Audit Committee of the Board, which consists entirely of independent directors. Net billings by the Saul Organization for the Company’s share of these ancillary costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, which included rental expense for the Company’s headquarters sublease, totaled approximately $3.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively. The amounts are generally expensed as incurred and are primarily reported as general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities included approximately $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, representing amounts due to the Saul Organization for the Company’s share of these ancillary costs and expenses.

The Company subleases its corporate headquarters space from a member of the Saul Organization. The sublease commenced in March 2002, expires in 2027, and provides for base rent increases of 3% per year, with payment of a pro-rata share of operating expenses over a base year amount. The Agreement requires each party to pay an allocation of total rental payments based on a percentage proportionate to the number of employees employed by each party. The Company’s rent expense for its headquarters location was $216,200 and $219,400 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expense.

The B. F. Saul Insurance Agency, Inc., a subsidiary of the B. F. Saul Company and a member of the Saul Organization, is a general insurance agency that receives commissions and fees in connection with the Company’s insurance program. Such commissions and fees amounted to $82,000 and $222,100 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors

Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors

In 2004, the Company established a stock incentive plan (the “Plan”), as amended. Under the Plan, options are granted at an exercise price not less than the market value of the common stock on the date of grant and expire ten years from the date of grant. Officer options vest ratably over four years following the grant and are charged to expense using the straight-line method over the vesting period. Director options vest immediately and are charged to expense as of the date of grant. 

The Company uses the fair value method to value and account for employee stock options. The fair value of options granted is determined at the time of the grant using the Black-Scholes model, a widely used method for valuing stock-based employee compensation, and the following assumptions: (1) Expected Volatility determined using the most recent trading history of the Company’s common stock (month-end closing prices) corresponding to the average expected term of the options; (2) Average Expected Term of the options based on prior exercise history, scheduled vesting and the expiration date; (3) Expected Dividend Yield determined by management after considering the Company’s current and historic dividend yield, the Company’s yield in relation to other retail REITs and the Company’s market yield at the grant date; and (4) a Risk-free Interest Rate based upon the market yields of US Treasury obligations with maturities corresponding to the average expected term of the options at the grant date. The Company amortizes the value of options granted ratably over the vesting period and includes the amounts as compensation expense in general and administrative expenses.

Pursuant to the Plan, the Compensation Committee established a Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors for the benefit of the Company’s directors and their beneficiaries. Annually, directors are given the ability to make an election to defer all or part of their fees and have the option to have their fees paid in cash, in shares of common stock or in a combination of cash and shares of common stock upon separation from the Board. If a director elects to have their fees paid in stock, fees earned during a calendar quarter are aggregated and divided by the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the following quarter to determine the number of shares to be credited to the director. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 1,991 shares were credited to director’s deferred fee accounts and 7,970 shares were issued. As of March 31, 2024, the director's deferred fee accounts comprise 117,382 shares.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, stock option expense totaling $0.2 million was included in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of March 31, 2024, the estimated future expense related to unvested stock options was $1.7 million.

The table below summarizes the option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price per share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1	1,820,000	$	49.41	$	1,197,380
Granted	—	—		—
Exercised	—	—		—
Expired/Forfeited	(240,625)	52.41		—
Outstanding at March 31	1,579,375	48.95		1,008,150
Exercisable at March 31	997,375	52.15		141,000

The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding or exercisable measures the price difference between the options’ exercise price and the closing share price quoted by the New York Stock Exchange as of the date of measurement. There were no options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. At March 28, 2024, the final trading day of the 2024 first quarter, the closing share price of $38.49 was lower than the exercise price of 1.4 million outstanding options granted in 2014 through 2022. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the Company’s outstanding and exercisable options is 5.3 years and 3.9 years, respectively.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial InstrumentsThe carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value. The aggregate fair value of the notes payable with fixed-rate payment terms was determined using Level 2 data in a discounted cash flow approach, which is based upon management’s estimate of borrowing rates and loan terms currently available to the Company for fixed-rate financing, would be approximately $947.8 million and $957.9 million, respectively, compared to the principal balance of $1.15 billion and $1.13 billion at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. A change in any of the significant inputs may lead to a change in the Company’s fair value measurement of its debt.

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to mitigate the volatility of interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

The change in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with certain variable-rate debt.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that approximately $2.0 million will be reclassified from other comprehensive income and reflected as a decrease to interest expense.

The Company carries its interest-rate swaps at fair value. The Company has determined the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy with the exception of the impact of counter-party risk, which was determined using Level 3 inputs and is not significant. Derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because their values are determined using third-party pricing models that contain inputs that are derived from observable market data. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit spreads, measures of volatility, and correlations of such inputs. As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of the interest-rate swaps was approximately $4.5 million and is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in value during the period is reflected in Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The table below details the fair value and location of the interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(In thousands)	Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Derivative Instrument	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swaps	Other Assets	$	4,546	Other Assets	$	2,742

The table below details the location in the financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

(In thousands)	The Effect of Hedge Accounting on Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI	$	2,411	$	(1,618)
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs		Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	$	(608)	$	(396)

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Neither the Company nor the Current Portfolio Properties are subject to any material litigation, nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company, other than routine litigation and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that these items, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on the Company or the Current Portfolio Properties.

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Business Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Business Segments

The Company has two reportable business segments: Shopping Centers and Mixed-Use Properties. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2). The Company evaluates performance based upon income and cash flows from real estate of the combined properties in each segment. All of our properties within each segment generate similar types of revenues and expenses related to tenant rent, reimbursements and operating expenses. Although services are provided to a variety of tenants, the types of services provided to them are similar within each segment. The properties in each portfolio have similar economic characteristics and the nature of the products and services provided to our tenants and the method to distribute such services are consistent throughout the portfolio. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year information to conform to the 2024 presentation.

Financial Information By Segment
(In thousands)	Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use Properties		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	46,932	$	19,760	$	—	$	66,692
Expenses	(10,963)		(7,205)		—		(18,168)
Income from real estate	35,969		12,555		—		48,524
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(12,448)		(12,448)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,074)		(4,955)		—		(12,029)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,784)		(5,784)
Net income (loss)	$	28,895	$	7,600	$	(18,232)	$	18,263
Capital investment	$	4,141	$	41,428	$	—	$	45,569
Total assets	$	910,897	$	1,101,586	$	17,823	$	2,030,306
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	44,225	$	18,824	$	—	$	63,049
Expenses	(9,260)		(7,020)		—		(16,280)
Income from real estate	34,965		11,804		—		46,769
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(11,821)		(11,821)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,128)		(4,889)		—		(12,017)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,268)		(5,268)
Net income (loss)	$	27,837	$	6,915	$	(17,089)	$	17,663
Capital investment	$	1,667	$	41,489	$	—	$	43,156
Total assets	$	716,710	$	1,133,155	$	18,140	$	1,868,005

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company has reviewed all events and transactions for the period subsequent to March 31, 2024, and determined there are no subsequent events required to be disclosed.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

The Company, which conducts all of its activities through its subsidiaries, Saul Holdings Limited Partnership, a Maryland limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and two subsidiary limited partnerships (the “Subsidiary Partnerships,” and, collectively with the Operating Partnership, the “Partnerships”), engages in the ownership, operation, management, leasing, acquisition, renovation, expansion, development and financing of community and neighborhood shopping centers and mixed-use properties, primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s properties (the “Current Portfolio Properties”) consisted of 50 shopping center properties (the “Shopping Centers”), seven mixed-use properties, which are comprised of office, retail and multi-family residential uses (the “Mixed-Use Properties”) and four (non-operating) land and development properties.

Because the properties are located primarily in the Washington, DC/Baltimore metropolitan area, the Company is subject to a concentration of credit risk related to these properties. The Shopping Centers, a majority of which are anchored by one or more major tenants

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Saul Centers and its subsidiaries, including the Partnerships, which are majority owned by Saul Centers. Substantially all assets and liabilities of the Company as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are comprised of the assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership. Debt arrangements subject to recourse are described in Note 5. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Consolidation, Variable Interest Entity

The Operating Partnership is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) because the limited partners do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership because it has the power to direct its activities and the rights to absorb 69.8% of its net income. Because the Operating Partnership is consolidated into the financial statements of the Company, classification of it as a VIE has no impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the interim periods have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to those instructions. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to collectability of operating lease receivables and impairment of real estate properties. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Accounts Receivable, Accrued Income and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable, Accrued Income and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are primarily comprised of rental and reimbursement billings due from tenants, and straight-line rent receivables representing the cumulative amount of adjustments necessary to present rental income on a straight-line basis. Individual leases are assessed for collectability and, upon the determination that the collection of rents is not probable, accrued rent and accounts receivable are charged off, and the charge off is reflected as an adjustment to rental revenue. Revenue from leases where collection is not probable is recorded on a cash basis until collectability is determined to be probable. Further, we assess whether operating lease receivables, at the portfolio level, are appropriately valued based upon an analysis of balances outstanding, historical bad debt levels and current economic trends.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segments Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 enhances disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extends certain annual disclosures to interim periods and permits more than one measure of segment profit (loss) to be reported under certain conditions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. Retrospective adoption to all periods presented is required. The Company does not expect the adoption ASU 2023-07 will impact our consolidated financial statements and we are evaluating the impact it will have on our related disclosures.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the presentation used as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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Real Estate (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Real Estate [Abstract]

Schedule of Construction in Progress

Construction in progress as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, is composed of the following:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Twinbrook Quarter (1)	$	378,793	$	355,113
Hampden House (2)	163,903		142,240
Other	15,015		17,200
Total	$	557,711	$	514,553

(1) Includes capitalized interest of $29.1 million and $25.5 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2) Includes capitalized interest of $15.7 million and $14.1 million, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Scheduled Maturities of Debt, Including Scheduled Principal Amortization

At March 31, 2024, the future principal payments of debt, including scheduled maturities and amortization, for years ending December 31, were as follows:

(In thousands)	Principal Payments
April 1 through December 31, 2024	$	75,457
2025	326,086		(a)
2026	163,051
2027	126,589		(b)
2028	44,770
2029	52,627
Thereafter	638,711
Principal amount	1,427,291
Unamortized deferred debt costs	18,641
Net	$	1,408,650

(a) Includes $274.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

(b) Includes $100.0 million outstanding under the Credit Facility.

Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Interest incurred	$	18,084	$	15,513
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564		559
Capitalized interest	(6,168)		(4,142)
Interest expense	12,480		11,930
Less: Interest income	32		109
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	$	12,448	$	11,821

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Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Weighted Average Number of Shares

The following table sets forth, for the indicated periods, weighted averages of the number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, the effect of dilutive options and the number of options which are not dilutive because the average price of the Company’s common stock was less than the exercise prices. The treasury stock method was used to measure the effect of the dilution.

	Average Shares/Options Outstanding
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024	2023
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Basic	24,094	24,026
Effect of dilutive options	3	—
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Diluted	24,097	24,026
Non-dilutive options	1,365	1,768
Years non-dilutive options were issued	2014 through 2022	2013 through 2022

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Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Option Activity

The table below summarizes the option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price per share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1	1,820,000	$	49.41	$	1,197,380
Granted	—	—		—
Exercised	—	—		—
Expired/Forfeited	(240,625)	52.41		—
Outstanding at March 31	1,579,375	48.95		1,008,150
Exercisable at March 31	997,375	52.15		141,000

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The table below details the fair value and location of the interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(In thousands)	Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Derivative Instrument	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate swaps	Other Assets	$	4,546	Other Assets	$	2,742

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The table below details the location in the financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

(In thousands)	The Effect of Hedge Accounting on Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI	$	2,411	$	(1,618)
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs		Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	$	(608)	$	(396)

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Business Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

Financial Information By Segment
(In thousands)	Shopping Centers		Mixed-Use Properties		Corporate and Other		Consolidated Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	46,932	$	19,760	$	—	$	66,692
Expenses	(10,963)		(7,205)		—		(18,168)
Income from real estate	35,969		12,555		—		48,524
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(12,448)		(12,448)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,074)		(4,955)		—		(12,029)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,784)		(5,784)
Net income (loss)	$	28,895	$	7,600	$	(18,232)	$	18,263
Capital investment	$	4,141	$	41,428	$	—	$	45,569
Total assets	$	910,897	$	1,101,586	$	17,823	$	2,030,306
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$	44,225	$	18,824	$	—	$	63,049
Expenses	(9,260)		(7,020)		—		(16,280)
Income from real estate	34,965		11,804		—		46,769
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	—		—		(11,821)		(11,821)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,128)		(4,889)		—		(12,017)
General and administrative	—		—		(5,268)		(5,268)
Net income (loss)	$	27,837	$	6,915	$	(17,089)	$	17,663
Capital investment	$	1,667	$	41,489	$	—	$	43,156
Total assets	$	716,710	$	1,133,155	$	18,140	$	1,868,005

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Organization, Formation and Structure (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 property subsidiary store
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of taxable income distribution of shareholders	90.00%
Number of subsidiaries | subsidiary	2
Number of shopping centers | store	34
Saul Holdings Limited Partnership
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership in operating partnership (as a percent)	69.80%
Giant Food
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of shopping centers | store	11
Giant Food | Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue (as a percent)	4.90%
No Individual Tenant | Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue (as a percent)	2.50%
Shopping Centers
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	50
Mixed-Use Properties
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	7
Non-operating Development Properties
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of real estate properties	4

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Real Estate - Schedule of Construction in Progress (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Line Items]
Construction in progress	$ 557,711	$ 514,553
Twinbrook Quarter
Real Estate [Line Items]
Construction in progress	378,793	355,113
Accumulated capitalized interest costs	29,100	25,500
Hampden House
Real Estate [Line Items]
Construction in progress	163,903	142,240
Accumulated capitalized interest costs	15,700	14,100
Other
Real Estate [Line Items]
Construction in progress	$ 15,015	$ 17,200

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Real Estate Transactions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Line Items]
Right-of-use asset	$ 2,300
Operating lease liability	2,400
Deferred leasing costs, net	23,931		$ 23,728
Accumulated amortization deferred leasing cost	54,200		$ 53,700
Depreciation expense	11,000	$ 11,000
Repairs and maintenance expense	$ 5,000	3,300
Minimum
Real Estate [Line Items]
Operating lease term of contract	1 year
Maximum
Real Estate [Line Items]
Operating lease term of contract	15 years
Building | Minimum
Real Estate [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	35 years
Building | Maximum
Real Estate [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	50 years
Building Improvements | Maximum
Real Estate [Line Items]
Estimated useful life	20 years
Lease Acquisition Costs
Real Estate [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	$ 1,000	$ 1,000

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Noncontrolling Interests - Holders of Convertible Limited Partnership Units in the Operating Partnership (Details) - shares		3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Limited partnership units (in shares)		9,900,000
Leasehold Interest Contributed In Contribution Agreement
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Number of partnership units issued in transaction (in shares)	469,740
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Limited partnership units, conversion ratio		1
Outstanding stock percent that should be acquired for rights to be exercised (as a percent)		39.90%
Limited partnership units convertible into shares of common stock, eligible for conversion (in shares)		659,000
Fully converted partnership units and diluted weighted average shares outstanding		34,400,000	34,000,000
Saul Holdings Limited Partnership
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest of noncontrolling interest (as a percent)		28.80%
Saul Holdings Limited Partnership | Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest of noncontrolling interest (as a percent)		30.20%
Limited partnership units, conversion ratio		1
Third Party Investor
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Percentage of ownership interest of noncontrolling interest (as a percent)		1.40%

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Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Oct. 01, 2030	Oct. 01, 2027	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Aug. 23, 2022 USD ($) swap
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility payable, net	$ 272,909,000			$ 274,715,000
Number of interest rate swaps | swap						2
Construction loans payable, net	108,917,000			77,305,000
Long-term debt	1,408,650,000
Principal amount	1,427,291,000			1,410,000,000
Debt outstanding with fixed-rate	1,150,000,000			1,130,000,000
Debt outstanding with variable-rate	274,000,000			276,000,000
Carrying value of properties collateralizing mortgage notes	1,560,000,000			1,520,000,000
Unamortized deferred debt costs	18,641,000			19,300,000
Debt issuance costs amortization	11,300,000			10,600,000
Interest rate swaps
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative asset	4,500,000
Avenel Business Park
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations, maximum exposure	$ 6,300,000
Twinbrook Quarter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Guarantor Obligations, Liquidation Proceeds, Percentage	100.00%
Twinbrook Quarter
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt				92,800,000
Hampden House
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations, maximum exposure				21,400,000
Guarantor Obligations, Liquidation Proceeds, Percentage	100.00%
Guarantor Obligations, Current Carrying Value	$ 26,600,000
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate spread on LIBOR	0.10%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate spread on LIBOR	1.40%
Term Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate spread on LIBOR	1.35%
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity	$ 127,600,000
Revolving credit facility payable, net	374,000,000
Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	525,000,000
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	425,000,000
Line of Credit | Term Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 100,000,000
Line of credit facility, extension term	1 year
Line of Credit | Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Revolving credit facility payable, net	$ 274,000,000
Secured Debt | Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity						$ 100,000,000
Secured Debt | Term Loan | Agreement Ending October 1, 2030
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount						50,000,000
Secured Debt | Term Loan | Agreement Ending October 1, 2027
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount						$ 50,000,000
Secured Debt | Construction-to-Permanent Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, face amount	18,600,000			133,000,000
Secured Debt | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Term Loan | Agreement Ending October 1, 2030 | Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, fixed interest rate (as a percent)		2.91%
Secured Debt | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Term Loan | Agreement Ending October 1, 2027 | Forecast
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative, fixed interest rate (as a percent)			2.96%
Construction Loans | Construction-to-Permanent Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity					$ 145,000,000
Construction loans payable, net	90,300,000
Mortgages | Avenel Business Park
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt	21,300,000
Mortgages | The Waycroft Mortgage
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations, maximum exposure	23,600,000
Long-term debt	$ 148,100,000
Mortgages | Ashbrook Marketplace Mortgage
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt				20,100,000
Mortgages | Kentlands Place Mortgage
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt				$ 27,100,000

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Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs - Scheduled Maturities of Debt, Including Scheduled Principal Amortization (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Principal Payments
April 1 through December 31, 2024	$ 75,457,000
2025	326,086,000
2026	163,051,000
2027	126,589,000
2028	44,770,000
2029	52,627,000
Thereafter	638,711,000
Principal amount	1,427,291,000	$ 1,410,000,000
Unamortized deferred debt costs	18,641,000	19,300,000
Net	1,408,650,000
Outstanding line of credit	272,909,000	$ 274,715,000
Line of Credit
Principal Payments
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	525,000,000
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
Principal Payments
Outstanding line of credit	374,000,000
Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Principal Payments
Outstanding line of credit	274,000,000
Term Facility | Line of Credit
Principal Payments
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity	$ 100,000,000

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Notes Payable, Bank Credit Facility, Interest and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs - Interest Expense and Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Interest incurred	$ 18,084	$ 15,513
Amortization of deferred debt costs	564	559
Capitalized interest	(6,168)	(4,142)
Interest expense	12,480	11,930
Less: Interest income	32	109
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	$ 12,448	$ 11,821

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Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests	$ 4,633	$ 4,161
Series D Cumulative Redeemable, 30,000 shares issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Depositary shares outstanding (in shares)	3.0
Percentage of redeemable preferred stock (as a percent)	6.125%
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock liquidation preference (in usd per share)	$ 25.00
Annual dividend on depositary shares (in usd per share)	$ 1.53125
Depository shares to cumulative redeemable preferred stock ratio	1.00%
Series E Cumulative Redeemable, 44,000 shares issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Depositary shares outstanding (in shares)	4.4
Percentage of redeemable preferred stock (as a percent)	6.00%
Cumulative redeemable preferred stock liquidation preference (in usd per share)	$ 25.00
Annual dividend on depositary shares (in usd per share)	$ 1.50
Depository shares to cumulative redeemable preferred stock ratio	1.00%

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Equity - Per Share Data (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Basic	24,094	24,026
Effect of dilutive options	3	0
Weighted average common stock outstanding-Diluted	24,097	24,026
Non-dilutive options
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Non-dilutive options	1,365	1,768

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Related Party Transactions (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Company contribution to a multi employer 401K plan at discretionary amount of employee's cash compensation, maximum percentage (as a percent)	6.00%
Company contribution to a multi employer 401K plan at discretionary amount of employee's cash compensation, amount	$ 118,000	$ 111,800
Deferred compensation, employee contribution (as a percent)	2.00%
Deferred compensation, company contribution	$ 49,300	$ 63,000
Deferred compensation, company contribution percentage	3	3
Deferred compensation, cumulative unfunded liability	$ 3,200,000		$ 3,300,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 62,988,000		57,022,000
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Percentage of annual increase in base rent (as a percent)	3.00%
Rent expense	$ 216,200	$ 219,400
Insurance commissions and fees expense	82,000	222,100
Shared Services Agreement | Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ancillary costs and expenses	3,000,000	$ 2,700,000
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$ 900,000		$ 1,100,000

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Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 29, 2023
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Options [Line Items]
Deferred compensation (in shares)	117,382	1,991
Shares due to exercise of employee stock options and issuance of directors' deferred stock		183	699
Share-based payment arrangement, expense		$ 200,000
Future expense		$ 1,700,000
Exercised (in shares)		0	0
Exercised		$ 0
Closing share price (in usd per share)				$ 38.49
Share-based compensation arrangement by share-based payment award, options, grants since inception (in shares)				1,400,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life of the Company's outstanding options		5 years 3 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining contractual life of the Company's exercisable options		3 years 10 months 24 days
Granted (in shares)		0
Common Stock
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Options [Line Items]
Shares due to exercise of employee stock options and issuance of directors' deferred stock		7,970
Employee Stock Option
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Options [Line Items]
Expiration period		10 years
Employee Stock Option | Officer
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation Arrangements By Share Based Payment Award Options [Line Items]
Award vesting period		4 years

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Stock-based Employee Compensation, Stock Option Plans, and Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors - Summary of Option Activity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Number of Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	1,820,000
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	0	0
Expired/Forfeited (in shares)	(240,625)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	1,579,375
Exercisable at end of period (in shares)	997,375
Weighted Average Exercise Price per share
Outstanding at beginning of period (in usd per share)	$ 49.41
Granted (in usd per share)	0
Exercised (in usd per share)	0
Expired/Forfeited (in usd per share)	52.41
Outstanding at end of period (in usd per share)	48.95
Exercisable at end of period (in usd per share)	$ 52.15
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at beginning of period	$ 1,197,380
Granted	0
Exercised	0
Expired/Forfeited	0
Outstanding at end of period	1,008,150
Exercisable at end of period	$ 141,000

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Notes payable, aggregate fair value	$ 947.8	$ 957.9
Notes payable, principal balance	$ 1,150.0	$ 1,130.0

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	$ (608)	$ (396)
Interest rate swaps
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	2,000
Derivative asset	$ 4,500

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Fair Value and Location of the Interest Rate Swaps, and the Effect of Designating the Interest Rate Swaps as Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps | Other Assets
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 4,546	$ 2,742

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Derivatives and Hedging Activities - Derivative Instruments, Effect on Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI	$ 2,411	$ (1,618)
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from OCI into income	$ (608)	$ (396)

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Business Segments - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable business segments	2

XML

Business Segments - Schedule of Segment Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	$ 66,692	$ 63,049
Expenses	(18,168)	(16,280)
Income from real estate	48,524	46,769
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	(12,448)	(11,821)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(12,029)	(12,017)
General and administrative	(5,784)	(5,268)
Net Income	18,263	17,663
Capital investment	45,569	43,156
Total assets	2,030,306	1,868,005	$ 1,994,137
Operating Segments | Shopping Centers
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	46,932	44,225
Expenses	(10,963)	(9,260)
Income from real estate	35,969	34,965
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	0	0
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(7,074)	(7,128)
General and administrative	0	0
Net Income	28,895	27,837
Capital investment	4,141	1,667
Total assets	910,897	716,710
Operating Segments | Mixed-Use Properties
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	19,760	18,824
Expenses	(7,205)	(7,020)
Income from real estate	12,555	11,804
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	0	0
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	(4,955)	(4,889)
General and administrative	0	0
Net Income	7,600	6,915
Capital investment	41,428	41,489
Total assets	1,101,586	1,133,155
Corporate and Other
Real estate rental operations:
Revenue	0	0
Expenses	0	0
Income from real estate	0	0
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred debt costs	(12,448)	(11,821)
Depreciation and amortization of deferred leasing costs	0	0
General and administrative	(5,784)	(5,268)
Net Income	(18,232)	(17,089)
Capital investment	0	0
Total assets	$ 17,823	$ 18,140